BI HC T S C SP VIN KHOA HC X HI VNG NAM B THNH PH H CH MINH

PGS., TS. NGUYN B K Vin KHCN xy dng

Tm tt : Bi bo trnh by cc b c trong cch iu tra v phn tch m t s c c th trong thc t xy dng tng hm nc ta hi n nay.Mt s bi h c b ch v hng khc phc khim khuyt trong thi cng theo phng php m cng trnh ngm c rt ra t s c n y. Vic thi cng h mng su phc v xy dng tng ngm nh cao t ng nc ta lm h hng v th m ch gy sp nhi u nh v cng trnh hi n hu lin k. S sp nh 2 tng ca Vin Khoa hc X h i vng Nam B ti th nh ph H Ch Minh khong 19 gi ngy 9 thng 10 nm 2007 do thi cng h mng tng ngm ca cao c Pacific b n c nh l s c nn mng in hnh thu c l oi ny v cho n nay vn cha c s phn tch k lng v mt k thut t rt ra mt s bi h c nh m ph ng trnh s c tng t trong tng lai. Bi bo ny th c gng l m vi c trn c s nh ng t liu thu thp c. 1. c im cng trnh cao c Pacific 1.1.V tr v quy m cng trnh Cng trnh cao c Pacific n m t i s nh 43-45-47 Nguy n Th Minh Khai, ph ng B n Ngh, qu n 1, TP. H Ch Minh; pha B c ti p gip ta nh YOCO cao 12 t ng c a bo Tui tr, pha ng B c tip gip ng Nguy n Th Minh Khai, pha ng Nam tip gip ta nh 2 t ng c a Vi n Khoa h c X hi vng Nam b, pha Ty gip S Ngoi v (hnh 1).

Hnh 1. V tr cng trnh cao c PACIFIC Ta cao c Pacific c cp php xy dng thng 2/2005, di n tch mt bng 1.750 m2, cao 78.45m, gm ba tng hm v 1 t ng k thut (chiu su 11.8m); 1 trt v 20 tng lu; tng din tch 2 sn xy dng l trn 22.000 m . Tuy nhin trong qu trnh thi cng, ch u t cao c Pacific iu chnh thit k (tuy cha c S Xy dng th nh ph cho php) l n thnh su t ng hm (chiu su 2 21.1m), mt tng trt, 21 lu, tng din tch s n xy dng l n ti hn 41.000m vi h khung gm 16 ct c tit din 1400x1400 mm v sn ngang. Cng trnh s dng mng b BTCT t tr n 65 c c barrette kch thc 2.8x1.2m su 67m. Theo thi t k, h tng vy gm 50 tm panel kch thc t 2.8 n 5.7m, dy 1m su 45m nhng khi thi cng Cng ty Pacific thay i thnh 24 panel kch thc 2.8 n 7.7m, d y 1m su 45m. Giong cch nc gia cc tm panel khng c ch nh chiu d i trong thi t k nn n v thi cng ch t n y tng hm, tc khong 22m. Thi cng cc t ng ngm theo phng php bn ngc (semi top-down) s dng h chng ngang l h dm sn BTCT dy 230mm v 250mm t a ln c t bin t o ra h chng ngang pha trong tng vy. Ch u t v qun l d n: Cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin Bia Thi bnh dng; n v thit k cao c: Cng ty T vn xy dng dn dng ca B Xy dng; n v thi cng: Ch u t t t chc thi cng; n v t vn gim st: Ch u t t lm; n v chng nhn cht lng ph h p: Cng ty CP t vn thit k xy dng CIDECO. 2.2.iu kin t nn Cc bo co v kho st a cht cng trnh v a cht thy vn cho cng trnh g m c:

- Bo co kh o st a cht cng trnh do Cng ty TNHH t vn xy dng Nam Thi n lp thng 4 nm 2002 c 2 l khoan su 45m v 50m; - Bo co a cht cng trnh do Trung tm cu ng pha Nam lp thng 02 nm 2006 vi 1 l khoan su 80m; - Bo co kh o st a cht cng trnh do Trung tm Nghin cu Cng ngh v Thi t b cng nghi p Trng i hc Bch khoa thnh ph H Ch Minh lp thng 1 nm 2009 kim tra b n v m ch nc ngm cng nh hiu qu chng thm t i nhng ch ni gia cc tm tng sau khi bm ph t xi mng gm 15 l su 25m/l; - Bo co ca Lin hi p a k thut nn mng cng trnh l p thng 3 nm 2009 phc v kim nh cht lng h kt cu cc tng hm gm 2 l vi su 80m/l. . Theo cc ti li u trn, a tng khu vc cng trnh t tr n xu ng, nh sau: - Lp 1: t san lp c chiu dy 1m; - Lp 2: St pha, xm nht nu v ng, tr ng thi do mm; B d y lp 4,2m; - Lp 3: St pha sn, xm trng xm v ng, xm xanh, tr ng thi do c ng. Chi u dy lp 4.1m; - Lp 4: Ct ht nh n ht trung, nu nht, nu v ng, xm tr ng, nu , trng thi cht va n cht. Chiu dy lp 29m; - Lp 5: St nu , v ng nh t, trng thi cng n rt cng. Chiu d y l p 15,1m; - Lp 6: St pha m u vng, xm xanh, xm tr ng, trng thi na cng. Chiu dy l p 2,3m. - Lp 7: Ct ht trung, nu vng, xm xanh, tr ng thi cht n rt cht. Chiu dy n ht h khoan (-80,45m). Mc nc ngm trong khu vc l -9m t ct cao mt t t nhin, tng i n nh. Cc ch tiu c l c a cc lp t cho bng 1 cn m t ct a cht cng trnh xem hnh 2. Nh vy, chn ca tng vy va vo mi l p st (s 6) c n m i ca cc barette v o mi c a lp ct pha (s 8).

Hnh 2. Mt ct a cht cng trnh di nn cao c Pacific Bng 1. Ch tiu c l c a cc lp t

Lp t Ch ti u H t si % H t ct % H t bi % H t st % m t nhin W% Dung trng t nhin w , 1 55.7 25.0 19.3 18.59 1.96 2 56.9 19.1 24.0 21.20 1.99 3 29.0 32.0 17.0 22.0 18.19 2.01 4 57.2 20.6 22.2 18.65 2.03 5a 10.1 44.4 27.5 18.0 14.67 1.93 5 9.1 80.0 5.8 5.1 17.55 2.02 6 45.2 22.7 32.1 17.80 2.06 7 61.0 16.2 22.8 17.26 2.04 8 4.3 84.3 6.2 5.2 17.03 2.01

T/m

Dung trng kh

k , T/m3

1.65 1.04 2.70 79 39 0.636 23.7 12.8 11.0

1.64 1.03 2.71 88 39 0.652 30.7 16.0 14.7 0.35 0 12 05' 0.242 16-20

1.70 1.09 2.77 80 39 0.626 30.7 15.7 15.0 0.17 0 13 17' 0.253 11-14

1.71 1.08 2.71 86 37 0.585 27.3 14.6 12.7 0.32 0 13 04' 0.244 10-12

1.68 1.06 2.70 65 38 0.607 22.0 11.8 10.2 0.28 0 15 13' 0.187 22

1.72 1.08 2.67 85 36 0.553 0 24 28' 0.055 12-31

1.75 1.11 2.72 87 36 0.556 38.7 19.8 18.8 -0.11 0 16 35' 0.380 46 >50

1.74 1.10 2.71 84 36 0.557 31.9 17.1 14.7 0.01 0 15 45' 0.307 35 ->50

1.72 1.08 2.67 82 36 0.553 0 26 04' 0.055 29>50

Dung trng y ni

dn ,T/m3 3 T trng ,T/m

bo ha G% rng n% H s rng,

0
d
0
2

Gi i hn chy WL% Gi i hn do Wp% Ch s do, st, B Gc ma st trong, Lc dnh C, daN/cm SPT

0.53 0 ' 11 38 0.132 7-9

2. H s s c 2.1. Din bin s c Do khng c h quan trc theo d i din bi n (lc v chuy n v/bin dng) ca h kt cu ch ng gi h o v cng trnh chung quanh nn nh ng thng tin sau y ch yu thu thp t cc phng tin truyn thng v ngi chng kin lc xy ra s c. - Thng 5/2007, cng trnh bt u thi cng s n tng hm, n thng 10/2007 thi cng c bn tng hm v b t u thi cng tng hm th 5. Trc khi xy ra s c thi cng xong cc panel tng vy, cc barrette v thi cng b tng n sn t ng trt ti cc trc 1-3 v 6-8. Ph n khong h t trc 3 n trc 6 s dng cc thanh thp I400 l m h thanh chng tng vy. - Ngy 9/10/2007, khong 18 gi 30 khi ang o t chun b b tng mng th v tr tip gip tng vy ti cao trnh m 21m so v i ct nn tng trt ca cng trnh Pacific, tng vy xut hi n l thng rng 30 -35 cm, di 168 cm. Do p l c mnh ca nc ngm ti v tr l thng nn gy trn nc v li t pha ngoi tng v o trong t ng ngm (hnh 3a) do khong 19 gi th dy nh tr s Vin Khoa hc X h i v ng Nam B gm 1 trt 2 lu bt ng sp, b vi su di l ng t hn 10m; phn c n l i ca khu nh c ng c nguy c sp (hnh 3b).

( a)

(b)

Hnh 3. Hi n trng tng ngm Pacific (a) v Vin khoa hc X hi vng Nam b (b) sau s c ngy 9/10/2007

- Lc 17 gi ngy 23 thng 1 nm 2008, hn 2 thng sau s c sp Vin Khoa hc X hi vng Nam B, trong khu vc xe ca S Ngoi v ti s 6 Alexandre de Rode, qun 1, u lng vi cao c Pacific, st ln mt l rng 10m2, su 3m lm 4 xe gn my ri xung h (hnh 4a) v nt tng khu v sinh (hnh 4b).

(a) (b) Hnh 4. Hin trng nn ti nh xe (a) v nt tng khu v sinh (b) ca S Ngoi v sau s c ngy 23 /1 /2008 2.2. iu tra s c iu tra nh tnh: Da v o ti li u thu thp c t chnh quyn a phng v c quan qun l th trc khi xy ra s c xu t hin nhiu du hiu cnh bo s khng bnh th ng ca nhng cng trnh li n k nh l: Sau khi cng trnh cao c Pacific thi cng c mt thi gian th thng 11/2006, Vi n Khoa hc X h i (KHXH) c cng vn gi cc c quan chc nng TP. H Ch Minh khiu ni n v thi cng trnh cao c Pacific khng m bo an to n, lm nt tng v c nguy c lm sp Vin Khoa hc X hi. Cc n v qun l trt t th phng, qun kho st, lp bi n b n vi phm v bo co v vic ln c quan qun l nh nc c thm quyn. Ngy 7/12/2006, Thanh tra S Xy dng TP. H Ch Minh c Quyt nh s 112/SXD nh ch thi cng phn mng cng trnh cao c Pacific tip gip vi Vin KHXH cho n khi th c hin cc y u cu ca Thanh tra S Xy dng vi l do cng tr nh ny vi ph m trt t an to n xy dng gy rn nt v chn ng tr s Vin KHXH. Thanh tra S Xy dng TP. H Ch Minh y u cu ch u t cng trnh l Cng ty TNHH Thi Bnh D ng v nh thu ngng ngay phn thi cng phn mng cng trnh, kh c phc s c; di di ngay ngi v ti s n ca Vin KHXH nu c nguy c xy ra s c,... Ngo i ra, Thanh tra S Xy dng TP. H Ch Minh cng y u c u pha ch u t cng trnh ph i thu n v t vn gi m st; khng th va l ch u t va l t vn gim st. Ngy 4/1/2007, S Xy dng TP. H Ch Minh ra quy t nh x pht vi phm h nh chnh vi m c pht 29 triu ng i vi n v qun l cng trnh cao c Pacific l Cng ty TNHH xy dng m t thnh vin Thi Bnh D ng. Ngy 4/6/2007, Cng ty TNHH mt th nh vin xy d ng Thi Bnh Dng v pha Vin KHXH tha thun c vic khc phc s c do cng trnh cao c Pacific gy ra v hai bn ti n h nh k bin bn nghim thu cc hng mc sa cha, trm trt cc v t nt ti cc phng lm vi c ca Vin KHXH. - Ch na thng sau, ngy 18/6/2007, pha Vi n KHXH li c cng vn gi n cc c quan qun l nh nc TP. H Ch Minh tip tc "k u cu" vic thi cng cng tr nh cao c Pacific tip tc gy st nt v c nguy c gy sp tr s Vin. Qua kho st, ghi nhn hin trng v vic ca c quan qun l tr t t th th m c ln ny nghim tr ng hn ln trc. Ngo i cc vt nt c c x l, trm trt tm b, nay li xut hin nhiu vt nt khc. Nhn g m c x l ln n y ch dng li cp qu n khi ng y 17/7/2007 UBND qun 1 ra quyt nh x pht vi phm h nh chnh trong xy dng i vi Cng ty Thi B nh D ng vi mc pht 2 triu ng v bu c n v n y ph i khc phc hu qu.

- Ngy 9/10/2007, khi ang o t chun b b tng mng th ti v tr tip gip tng vy cao trnh m 21m so v i ct nn tng trt ca cng trnh Pacific, t ng vy xut hin l thng rng 30-35 cm, di 168 cm. Do p l c mnh ca nc ngm ti v tr l thng nn gy trn nc v t ph a di nn Vin KHXH, l m hai dy nh tr s Vin Khoa hc X hi bt ng sp, ti li u lu tr v my tnh b vi su di t hn 10m; phn cn l i ca khu nh c ng c nguy c sp. - Sau cng trnh t m ngng v s dng bin php chng thm ti c c m i ni gia cc tm tng tng hm do Cng ty ng Minh (Trung Quc) thi cng bng khoan pht to th nh 2 hng c c xi mng t c ng knh d = 40 cm. 17h chiu ngy 23/1, hn 2 thng tnh t ngy Vi n khoa hc x h i pha Nam b sp, S Ngoi v k bn cng trnh ny ti p tc b st nn. Nguyn nhn v st ln c xc nh l do nh hng ca vic bm nc trong h o khi xy dng t a nh cao c Pacific. Qua cc ti li u va nu ch cho bit tnh tr ng cng trnh v mt nh tnh (nt v nguy hi m) cha ch r s lng vt nt ,b rng v b su vt nt cng nh s pht trin ca chng theo thi gian, so vi bin dng cho php phn cp nguy him v t ra cch x l thch hp. iu tra nh lng: Sau khi x y ra s c, theo y u c u ca c quan qun l v ch u t cng nh c quan iu tra, tin hnh o,chp nh, kim tra cht lng b tng bng siu m, o chuy n v v bi n dng mt s cng trnh li n k,... v cho bi t mt s kt qu nh sau: - Tng vy b thng, nt t v i cm n 20 -30 cm, tng hm th 3 v 4 l ct thp chu lc t vi cm n 20, 27, 80 cm, chn tng b nghi ng nn pht sinh khe h ch tip gip/mi ni (xem hnh 5). 2 - Cng trung bnh ca b tng tng vy kim tra bng si u m Rtb 264 daN/cm , th p hn mc thit k cn theo kt qu th mu b tng ti trc khi vo ho tng do Trung tm cu ng pha Nam thc hin th Rtb =453 daN/cm2 t yu cu thit k. - Theo k t qu o v theo di ca Cng ty kim nh xy dng S i Gn n gia thng 2 nm 2008 th mng nh xe v nh sch c a S Ngoi v ln 30-40mm so v i cc thng trc, c ch tc ln n 2mm/thng, gch lt nn bong rp tr n di n rng, ca ra vo kh ng m. Cao c Yoco ca to bo Tu i tr cha c du hiu h hng.

(a) (b) Hnh 5. V t nt (a) v khe h ch tip gip gia 2 tm tng vy(b) ca tng ngm cng trnh Pacific 3. X l tm thi Nhm hn ch s pht trin ca s c, cng t rnh t m ngng mt thi gian trong lc ch t m nguyn nhn, ch u t k h p ng vi Cng ty ng Minh (Trung Quc) thi cng khoan pht xi mng v to ra 2 hng c c xi mng t c ng knh 40cm chng thm dc cc v tr tip gip gi a cc tm panel tng vy. Nh lng nc ngm chy v o t ng ngm gi m i r rt. C ng chnh Cng ty ny thc hin bm ct v xi mng vo ch st ln nn nh S Ngoi v hn ch sp giy chuyn c th xy ra sau s c ngy 23 thng 1 nm 2008. 3. Phn tch nguyn nhn s c

 tm nguyn nhn gy ra s c, nht l cc s c phc tp, thng xem xt cc vn sau y. 3.1. Kim tra thit k tng ngm S kt cu tng ngm nh miu t mc 1, phn nn mng cng trnh trn y. S tnh theo cc giai on thi cng nh hnh 6 v vi c tnh ton theo h s thit k (v khng c h s hon cng) c thc hin bng phn mm PLAXIS vi cc thng s t nn d ng trong tnh ton cho bng 2.

Hnh 6. S tnh ton tng ngm cng trnh Pacific Bng 2. Cc thng s d ng trong tnh ton

K t qu tnh ton ni lc (M, Q) v chuy n v (Ux ) c c tr nh by trn cc hnh 7 v 8

Hnh 7. Bi n dng tng ca cng trnh t i giai on thi cng tng hm cui Utot = 0.6m

Mmax = 241Tm/m

Lc ct Qmax= 108T/m

Chuyn v ngang Umax = 0,2m

Hnh 8. Mmen, lc ct v chuy n v ngang ln nht ca tng tng hm K t qu kim tra cho thy: - M men trong tng ln nht c gi tr 241 tn m/m nh hn gi tr 318.67 tn m/m dng tnh ton thp cho tng vy trong thuyt minh tnh ton kt cu do Cng ty t vn Xy dng dn dng Vit Nam (VNCC) lp thng 6 nm 2006. S b tng vy kh nng chu lc trong qu trnh thi cng. - T ng chuyn v ca tng U=0,6m (tc l n ca vect chuyn v) trong khi cha xy dng cc t ng pha trn nn ln lc ny r t nh, do chuyn v ny l do t di y tng hm b tri ln do bng chng thm gia cc tm tng ch cm n y tng hm ( - 21m), iu ny s lm cho nc lp ct phun tro vo h mng v t quanh h mng b ln st xung, c th y cng l m t trong nhng nguy n nhn lm nn Vin Khoa hc X hi v nn S Ngoi v b sp . - Chuy n v ngang ca tng 0,20 m l qu ln. Theo kinh nghim nc ngo i (Han j,1997) khi kt cu tng chn chuyn v ngang qu 30mm hoc 0,2%H (H l su h mng) th cng trnh cch h mng 5m s b h hng nghi m tr ng hoc rt nghi m tr ng v theo kt qu quan trc cc h mng su Bangkok, chuyn v ngang ln nht ca tng n 100mm khi h mng su tr n 20m (Phienwej,N.2003).

T ng hp 2 loi chuyn v va nu c th hin tr n hnh 9.

Hnh 9. S m t nguyn nhn gy s c cng trnh ln c n h o 1. Nguyn nhn lm t rng v gy chuy n v; 2. t b o ho c chuy n v th tch; 3. Phn b chuy n v th tch; 4.Chuyn v ln ca mt t; 5.Chuyn v ca kt cu v nghing l ch; 6.H hng kt cu; 7.t dch chuyn vo h mng; 8.y mng b y tri /nng l n 3.2. Kim tra cht lng thi cng Qua kh o st c h t lng thi cng tng v b tng v kn kht ca cc khe ni gia cc panen sau khi x y ra s c thy rng: - Tng b thng v n t nhiu ch, chn tng b nghi ng l ch (xem h nh 5) do nc ng m c ch nh thu lc cao (khong 13m) trong l p t ct (s 5) s d d ng mang ct ch y trn vo h mng gy sp nhanh chng Vin khoa hc X h i v ng Nam b nm lin k v ngay pha trn l p ct va n u. C ch gy s c h o do nc di t c th minh ha trn hnh 10.

Hnh 10. Dng nc di t chy vo h o M t s ghi nhn lc xy ra s c cng nh kt qu kho st (o t ch nc tr o v cc vt nt cng nh o lch to ra khe h gia cc tm tng) chng t nguy n nhn chnh gy sp Vin Khoa hc X hi v ng Nam B cng nh nn S Ngo i v l do tc ng ca nc

di t qua ch nt, khe h bi thi cng km ch t lng ca tng vy. iu n y cng c kh ng nh khi Cng ty ng minh bm pht xi mng ch tip gip gia cc tm tng th lng nc phun tr o vo h mng gim hn v lc ny h s thm ca t gim t 10 -3 cm/s cn 10-6 cm/s. M t s khuyt tt/s c thng gp khi xy dng phn ngm cng trnh, trong c trng hp ca cng trnh Pacific, nh l mi ni gia cc tm tng b h (hnh 11a) v th m qua tng (11b).

(a) M i ni b tch

(b) Thm qua tng

Hnh 11. M t s khuyt tt thng gp trong thi cng phn ngm cng tr nh 4. Mt s bi hc Qua phn tch cc m t c lin quan n s c nhng cng trnh li n k vi cao c Pacific c th rt ra mt s bi h c kinh nghim sau y: - V mt qun l: kinh nghi m ca nhiu nc (Washin gton - M; Frankfurt - CHLB c; Thng H i - Trung Quc) ngi ta bt buc cc d n cng trnh ng m (thit k v thi cng) c su trn 5m u phi qua c quan qun l xy dng nh nc thm nh, nu t y u cu mi c php thi cng. M c ch ca vic ny l gim ri ro cho cng tr nh v m bo an sinh cho cng ng. C l ta cha quy nh cht ch vn ny v sn sng chuy n sang ch u t chu mi trch nhi m chng? Nh th u thi cng tng ngm phi l nh th u c nng lc v kinh nghi m c ch n qua cnh tranh, t vn gim st phi l n v c lp. cng trnh ny hnh nh khng thc hi n iu ? - Ti li u kho st t nn phc v cho thit k tng ngm vi cc su ti 67m nhng ch c mt l khoan su 80m, rt t thng tin v iu kin thu vn nn ng thi nc ngm khng c sng t, t c th l m cho ngi thi cng khng c iu kin nh gi y tc ng bt li ca nc ngm i vi phn ngm ca cng trnh. - V mt thit k: tuy tng kh nng chu lc nhng thiu hn phn tnh chuyn v ca tng trong cc giai on thi cng. Theo k t qu tnh ton cho thy chuyn v ca tng, theo kinh nghi m nc ngo i l qu l n. Tuy r ng trong cc t i liu thit k ca nc ta cha quy nh cc chuyn v gi i hn ca h kt cu chng gi h o c ng nh ca cng trnh ln c n, nhng iu ny khng thi u t i li u ngi thit k tham kho. - V cht lng thi cng: Trch nhi m cc bn trong thi cng kh phn nh v khng ki m sot ch t ch trong qu trnh thi cng. Hn na, khng t h thng o c v quan tr c cng trnh t ng ng m cng nh cng trnh li n k, do khng kim tra c cht lng ca tng ( ng nht ca b tng v thng ng ca tng) cng nh ng thi ca cng trnh ln cn (nt, nghing v cc bin dng khc,). Do , hi n tng pht trin cc vt nt tuy xy ra nhi u ln Vin Khoa hc X h i v ng Nam B nhng khng c nh gi mt cch nghim tc t c bin php i ph thch hp v kp thi nhm ngn chn s c. C ng c th nhng ngi thit k, thi cng cha c kinh nghim v kin thc cn thit d bo v ngn chn/phng ng a s c.

- Lp ct (s 6) vi mc nc ngm cao v tng vy thi cng cht lng km l nguyn nhn ch yu gy ra s c. y khng pht hin c s d bit g v mt a cht cn phi ch so vi cc s c khc t ng xy ra t i S i gn Residence (11D Thi Sch ,qu n 1), sp nn trng Lng nh Ca (phng An ph, qu n 2). - Thi t hi v kinh t Theo s liu ca ch u t cung cp th s b gm nhng khong chi ph sau s c nh: - Chi ph cho vi c khoan b sung hai l khoa n m i l su 80m: ?; - Chi ph cho vi c thi cng chng thm hn 3,5 t; - Chi ph n b cho cng trnh S Ngoi v: 5,0 t; - Chi ph n b cho Vi n KHXH v ng Nam B : 12,0 t; - Chi ph tr l i vay ngn hng trong th i gian ngng thi cng: 24,0 t. - Chi ph b chm 2 nm ri khai thc cng trnh c tnh 150,0 t; - T ng cng khong 200 t. Ci gi t nht l gy ra m t d lun khng tt i vi ng nh xy dng trong x hi. TI LIU THAM KHO 1. NGUY N VN T, NGUYN B K, TRN B NH. K t qu kim nh h kt cu cc tng hm cao c Pacific th nh ph H ch Minh, thng 5 nm 2009. 2. NGUY N VIT TUN. Tnh ton kim nh kt cu tng vy tng hm cao c Pacific. Vin KHCN xy dng, thng 8 nm 2008. 3. Vietnam Net, ngy 12 thng 10 n m 2008. 4. Han J.;Cheng L.K; Song Fa. Issues on the design and application of anchored pile/wall structure for deep foundation pit. Computer Methods and advance in Geomechanics,Yuan (ed)1997,Ballkema Rotterdam. 5. Phienwej N.;Gan C.H. Characteristics of Ground Movements in Deep Excavations with concrete diapharm walls in Bangkok soils and their Prediction. Journal of the Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society,December,2003. 6. NGUY N B K . Xy d ng cng trnh ng m th theo phng php o m . Nh xut b n Xy d ng, H N i, 2006.