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nh l v k thut phn tch tng bnh phng S.O.S S.o.S Theorem
1.M u K thut phn tch tng bnh phng trong chng minh bt ng thc i vi chng ta khng cn xa l.Trong cc bt ng thc ba bin, c bit c tnh i xng, k thut ny t ra rt hiu qu trong vic chng minh. Tuy nhin, chng minh cc bt ng thc bng phng php ny chng ta cng cn c nhng nh l, m t chng ta c th gii quyt nt on cui. Bi vit ny s gii thiu mt nh l v SOS v nhng vn xung quanh n ( tuy khng m i nhng cng rt th v ). Sau khi bin i , phn tch bt ng thc ba bin v dng:
C nhng cch khc nhau chng minh nh l ny, chng hn cch sau y s dng nh l v du ca tam thc bc hai Chng minh t v . Khi c dng:
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nh l v k thut phn tch tng bnh phng S.O.S S.o.S Theorem
Nu ng. Nu
, v , khi
tng ng vi tng ng vi
v iu ny
Xt = Do , nn theo nh l v du tam thc bc hai ta c iu phi chng minh. Chng minh trn cng k h th v, tuy nhin bn th ngh xem, liu n c li nhng h qu g? R rng l bn kh c th thy c, vy ti sao chng ta li khng i tm mt chng minh khc m t ta thu c h qu b ch sau ny. Trc ht, ta hy xt mt bi ton trong mt cun sch ca Vasile. Bi ton : Gi s l nhng s thc dng, khi :
Trong
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nh l v k thut phn tch tng bnh phng S.O.S S.o.S Theorem
T ng thc
Do ta chng t
. Ta c
y ta s dng BT Schur bc
ng thc xy ra khi iu c bit u tin m bn nhn thy li gii trn c l chnh l ng thc kho y chng minh li nh l Chng minh Ta c ng thc sau ,
chnh l chic cha kho gii bi ton, vy ti sao chng ta li khng cm ly chic cha
V nh l c chng minh. Bn thy th no? Qu tuyt phi khng?. Chng minh khng kh. u tin bn hy chng Page 3 of 12
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nh l v k thut phn tch tng bnh phng S.O.S S.o.S Theorem
minh
Vi m i H qu Nu v Thc cht h qu , khi bt ng thc (1) i chiu chnh l nh l 1. V ta c nhn xt th v sau : ta c th coi
By gi chng ta s n vi cc bi ton m li gii ca chng s dng nh l 1 v nh l 2. Bi ton 2 Vi m i s thc , khi bt ng thc sau lun ng
y l bi ton quen thuc, n c ng dng rt nhiu trong cc bt kh. Li gii ca Vasile bng tam thc bc hai kh phc tp( cng chnh l tc gi ca bi ton ). Chng ta cng bit n cc chng minh c dng SOS quen thuc, v chng ta hy n vi mt phn tch sau y xem n c iu g l . Page 4 of 12
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nh l v k thut phn tch tng bnh phng S.O.S S.o.S Theorem
v ta c
Khi
Do theo
, ta c
Vy ta c iu phi chng minh. Phn tch trn tht tuyt phi khng cc bn? N khc hon ton vi cch phn tch thng thng khc (c th l mi chng? ng thc xy ra khi Remark Vi t tng trong chng minh trn, ta c nhn xt th v sau Nu th ta c bt ), v chc chn rng vic tm ra du bng s n gin hn.
sau y
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nh l v k thut phn tch tng bnh phng S.O.S S.o.S Theorem
Nu
l cc s thc, khi
Bt ng thc ny c dng
Nu chn
ta c bt
ca Vasile
( Bi ton 3 Gi s
. Khi
khc , v vy ta s dng k thut phn tch tng bnh phng gii chng nh sau.
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nh l v k thut phn tch tng bnh phng S.O.S S.o.S Theorem
Bin i bt v dng
Hay
, khi
Do theo dnh l
Remark Cng vi tng trn Ta c bi ton tng t sau Gi s l cc s thc dng tho mn , trong l
Nu
chn
v ta c bt
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nh l v k thut phn tch tng bnh phng S.O.S S.o.S Theorem
Nu
l cc s thc, khi
, ta thu c bt.
Li gii Bi ton ny mc d nhn qua c v khng ng chm my n S.O.S, tuy nhin ta c th gii n bng phng php ny (mc d iu kin ca bi ton nh lng gic). Bin i bt v dng
T y p dng h qu
ta c
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nh l v k thut phn tch tng bnh phng S.O.S S.o.S Theorem
T suy ra iu phi chng minh. Bi ton 6[Kim nh Sn] Vi lun ng l di ba cnh ca mt tam gic, khi vi m i , ta c bt ng thc sau
Trong
Nhng ti cha r vi m i
Hy vng c trao i cng cc bn v vn ny. Remark Gi s Bi ton tng ng l cc s thc dng , khi vi mi , ta c bt ng thc sau lun ng
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nh l v k thut phn tch tng bnh phng S.O.S S.o.S Theorem
chng ta c th to ra c nhiu bt ng thc khc. Nu nh cch thng thng (p dng nhng nh l v S.O.S khc) r rng l kh h n hn, bi v chng t c tnh i xng gia ba bin, v nh l chng ta c th thy chng hon ton i xng. Hy vng qua bi vit ny s c trao i thm vi cc bn v bt ng thc, c bit l k thut phn tch tng bnh phng S.O.S
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nh l v k thut phn tch tng bnh phng S.O.S S.o.S Theorem
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nh l v k thut phn tch tng bnh phng S.O.S S.o.S Theorem
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