Hafoto | http://www.vnphoto.

net

Tip 1: Camera setting.

bo m c d liu tt v chp vi hiu qu cao th? vi c u tin l phi chn nhng "setting" sau y chnh xc: file format, color space, ISO setting, white balance, exposure, color temparature, auto focus point, metering mode, v lens. Ti cho rng cc bn x dng t medium ti high-end camera, ngha l c nhng setting nu trn. Ti xin ln lt tho lun t ng phn mt. 1. File format: Nu bn chn white balance v color temperature ng th? xin b n t tin v mnh dn chp "JPEG large". Vi format ny, bn ? c cht lng (quality) chun b "edit" trong PS. Bn thn ti ? t ng chp Canon EOS D30 (3 MegaPixel) v sau dng k thut PS phng ln n 20-by-30 inches m nh?n v n r nt. Hn na, portrait photographer thng phi chp vi s l ng ln, nu nh chp RAW th? khng ch a dc nhiu lm trn memory card v nu bn c my tnh "chm" th? s mt nhiu th? gi upload, chnh white balance, color temperature, convert thnh JPEG, nhng vic ny lm gim hiu nng ca ngi chp. 2. Color space: Chn Adobe RGB hn l sRGB, v? sRGB dnh cho Internet, c?n RGB dng cho m i trng hp. Nu bn chp RGB ri sau quyt nh dng cho Internet th? b n ch c vic "compress" n li trong PS l xong. 3. ISO setting: chn ISO cao nht m my ca bn c th "chu dc" m khng b "noise". Thng thng th? ISO th p cho kt qu tt hn, nhng nhng my sau ny nh Canon EOS 20D c th chp c ISO setting 400 m vn khng b "noise". Tn dng s tin b ny, bn c th tc chp cao v c nh (1/125s) bt my chn khu ln (trng hp chp h thng TV, t c l bn chn tc , my chn khu ). L? do ch p tc nhanh l v? trong khi ch p chn dung, bn phi di chuyn nhiu v iu khin model cng lc nn rt d b run my.Hn na vi ISO setting cao v tc cao, ta lun c khu ln (iu ny cn thit c chiu su nh trng hp, cn thit cho portrait). Cho em ngh mt cht nh.

4.White Balance: Yu t ny quyt nh n "tng" mu (lnh, nng, neutral). Hu ht cc my

u c auto, nhng ta nn ng theo trng hp (coi manual ca my bn bit r? h n). 5. Exposure: Vi TV auto setting khng phi lc no ta cng c "perfect exposure". Lun lun kim tra histogram xem h?nh c b over hay under exposure hay khng. Nh?n vo histogram, n u ta thy c mt vch en di dc bn phi ca biu , c ngha l vng b "blown-out" (mt chi tit). Tng t nh vy, nu c mt vch en dc bn tri c ngha l hnh b mt chi tit trong vng ti. (Nu bn dng my Canon, bm nt info bn s thy histogram hin ln, nhng vng mt chi tit n s chp chp trn ha ) Over Exposure: mt chi tit ni vng sng

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Under Exposure: mt chi tit ni vng ti

khc phc, ta dng exposure compensation. Tng ln hay gim i cn bng nh sng li (Xem camera manual ca bn coi cch chnh).

6. Color temperature:
Tri nng (sunny daylight outdoors): kho?ng 5200 K Trong bng rm (shaded areas outdoors): kho?ng 7000 K Tri my, tri bun ?m m, hay lc mt tri ln: kho?ng 6000K

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Hafoto | http://www.vnphoto.net 7. Auto Focus Point: Trong chn dung bn ch cn 1 focus point l ri (Canon 10D c 7 focus
point). Khi chp lun lun ly im focus l con mt (con mt l ca s ca tm hn m.

8. Metering Mode: Chn Partial Metering hay Center Weighted Metering Mode c bit l khi chp
close up hay khi background qu sng. Chn Evaluative Metering khi backgorund p. 9. Lenses: Trong khi chp chn dung th? iu khin model (communication) ng mt phn RT l quan trng, nn chp tele t 70mm n 135 mm l l? t ng nht. Nu ta chp knh di 50 mm, th? ta phi ng gn, iu ny lm cho model mt t nhin (ngi ta rt nhy cm khi b ng knh d st vo ngi). Nu ta chp knh qu hp nh tele 300 mm th? ta ph i "ht" ln th? model m i bit m?nh mu n ci g? :LOL: Ni chung l rn gi mt khong cch lm vic (working distance) m m?nh v model c m thy thoi mi. Ti xin tm dng phn 1 y. Phn ny rt l "boring" nhng rt l quan trng. Vn l bn phi hon ton hiu bit camera ca m?nh v? trong khi lm vi c bn ch tp trung ht thi gi quan st nh sng, iu khin model "posing", v "communication".

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Tip 2: Outdoor Lighting.

Nhng nh sng thng gp khi chp ngoi tri l:

1. Tri my (Cloudy day): y l nh sng l? tng nht

chp chn dung. y l loi nh sng t?n (diffused light), do mt tri b "block" bi my nn nh sng rt nh, tuy nhin da model s b "ti" nn cn c chnh mu li trong PS. Vi loi nh sng ny, bn khng phi lo lng nhiu v v tr chp. ng u chp cng n tin ht . nh ny m?nh ch p Utah trong mt ngy tri y my. Evaluating metering, fill flash.

2. Trong rm (shade): Nu
ngoi tri qu nng th? t?m bng rm chp. Nu chp di tn cy th? coi ch ng nh snh i qua k l s to nhng kho?ng l ch trn mt ch :( . Nu chp di hng hin th? t?m m t ci tng no m m c mu ng nht (cng t mu cng tt). Nh vy bn ? c mt dng "studio ngoi tri" vi nh sng phn chiu t ngoi nng vo trong bng rm. H?nh ny c chp di hng hin ca mt nh kho trong mt ngy rt rt nng. nh sng phn chiu lm cho model b m vng (yellow cast). Evaluating Metering, fill flash.

3. nh sng mnh (Hard Light): nh sng ny thng l bui tra khi mt tri trn nh u.
nh sng ny rt gt (harsh) nn to shadow rt mnh trn mt ca ch . Khi chp, nh mt ca ch trong bng mt v coi chng nh sng vo mt model to nn 2 ci l su hom (shadow over eye sockets) :lol:

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Ni chung nh sng ny nn trnh v? lm cho model nh n nh, m hi nh nhi. Ch chp khi khng t?m c bng mt no chung quanh. nh ny c chp dng Center Weight Metering, khng flash. Zoom st vo mt ch , dng TV setting, o sng, kha setting li, zoom ra ri chp. (khu 11, tc 1/125, ISO setting 100). Dng reflector. Set up k th vy m vn b "blown out" tay. :down: (Too bad, hic hic hic)

Mt cch khc i ph vi nh sng mnh l chp close-up. Trong trng hp ny, mt ca ch chim phn ln din tch ca h?nh loi b i phn background qu sng.

Mt dng nh sng mnh na l nh ng ngy tuyt. Mc d tri y my nhng mt t ph y tuyt trng nn nh sng phn chiu rt mnh. Trong trng hp nh vy "cng bc" model mc "mu m" (c bit la ). Chp vi Center Weigh Metering. Ci kh l da ca model s b ti (b kh, 5 F da ai m khng ti :gathering ).

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H?nh ny c chp Michigan, model b lnh t ti. Da u c hng nh th nu khng c PS.

4. nh sng nh (soft light): y l dng nh sng l? t ng nht chp chn dung. Thng l
x chiu khi mt tri xung thp. nh sng nh n ni m ta c th nh?n v o mt tri m khng b nhu mt (tuy nhin ng nh?n lu qu m n i om m) :LOL: Loi nh sng ny lm cho mt long lanh (vit ti y em nh ti cu "git nng i hoang vo mt em bun" ca Ng Thy Min). Sau y l 3 cch dng nh sng nh: Chp thun nng: Mt tri trc mt model. o sng vng hightlight.

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Nu hng nng i vung gc vi gc chp: Chp theo kiu Profile lm ni bt phn mt (frontal face). Dng flash ph nh phn bn hng. Nu mt tri i din camera (back lighting) th? nh sng s lm nn vng hight light chung quanh ch . V? nh sng ny th p, nh chn tia sng (sun ray) i thng vo ng knh, nu khng s b mt lp "m" ph ln h?nh.

5. nh sng ht: y l dng nh sng c bit tng i mnh v? n di t ngoi sng vo trong
ti (hay rm). Chp th loi ny nn dng center weighted metering. Dng 1: Khi nh sng ht vo t 2 bn (di ci pier, cu, lng). Mc d nh sng i vo t 1 pha nhng cng c 1 phn nh sng ngc li do phn chiu. V d nh nh sau y, ngun sng t bn phi nhng ta vn thy 1 t nh sng hightlight bn tri.

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Dng 2: Khi nh sng ht vo t bn trn (trong 1 ci hm vi 3 hay 4 pha b cn nh sng bi nhng t?a nh cao t ng). Chp loi ny thng mt ch hi cui v pha trc nh sng khng b ri vo mt. Nn tn dng nh sng ny hightlight tc ?ng th i dng flash fill phn mt. nh ny ch p trong 1 ci hm ct New York (3 chiu b cn nh sng, v chiu c?n l i cng b cn bi 1 t?a nh cao t ng khc). Bn c th thy nh sng t pha trn hightlight tc v lng ca ch . Flash c dng lm nh sng chnh (key light).

Dng 3: Window Lighting. y l dng thng gp nht trong 3 dng (nh no m li khng c window :noexpress ) khi nh sng ht vo t c a s. Ty theo nh sng mnh hay nh m ch ng gn hay xa ca s, nu cn th? dng m t tm mng (curtain) cn bt nh sng li. Chp loi ny th? l y focus con mt gn c a s v o sng phn hightlight khng b blown-out. nh ny c chp high contrast lm ni bt character lines. nh sng t ca s l ngun sng chnh (key light). nh ny c chp kt hp vi nh sng n vng trong nh. nh sng t c a s dng hightlight phn mt bn phi ca em b.

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Ti y em xin tng kt phn outdoor lighting. Ni chung, nh sng ngoi tri thay i rt l nhanh, nn trong khi chp phi bit thay i camera setting ca minh cho ph hp vi iu kin nh sng. Lun lun xc nh cho c u l ngun sng chnh. "Position" ch sao cho c nhng vng hightlight v shadow gy c cm gic khng gian 3 chiu. nh ny, trn mt ch th hin c 4 vng nh sng khc nhau. Vng sng nht l 1, hi sng l 2, trung b?nh l 3, v vng shadow l 4.

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Tip 3: Basic Composition.

Sau khi quan st nh sng ri, step k tip l sp t ch u trn khung h?nh (subject placement). y l 1 k thut rt l quan trng, v? n h ng mt ngi xem vo ni m m?nh mu n nhn mnh. C nhng "rules" sau y m ngi chp cn phi ch n. 1. The rule of thirds (Lut 1/3): Theo lut ny th? frame c chia lm 3 ng dc v 3 ng ngang bng nhau. Nhng ng ny l nh ng "ng mnh", ch nn nm trn nh ng ng ny. Phn giao ca nhng ng ny to nn nh ng "im mnh". y cng l nh ng im l? t ng t ch ca m?nh.

2. Direction (Hng): Mt tm chn dung p cn phi gy cm gic "phng hng" v "chuyn

ng" (sense of movement and direction). thc hin iu ny, bn nhiu kho?ng tr ng trc mt ch hn l sau lng, v cung to nn hng nh?n cho ch . y l 2 v d v "direction"

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Hafoto | http://www.vnphoto.net 3. Line (ng): C 2 loi ng: ng t?nh ta i v ng tan v :gathering (a t

nh)....Dng thc (real lines) v ng o (implied lines). ng thc c th thy c v d nh ng ry xe la, hng ro. ng o l nhng ng tng tng (ng ny kh thy hn, ty theo s sng to ca ngi chp nh). 2 mc ch chnh ca "line" l: 1. Ph i tnh c ng (static) ca frame. Thng th? frame h ?nh ch nh t hay vung, ph i 2 chiu dc v ngang ny th? c n phi to nhng "line": sinh ng hn ph i tnh "th ng" ny. 2. Mc ch th nh? c a line l gip hng mt ngi nh?n vo ch .

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2 v d sau y, ng l ng thc (real lines) nhm hng mt ngi nh?n vo ch , ng en l ng o (implied lines) nhm ph i ci "static" ca khung h?nh ch nht.

4. Shape (H?nh d ng): Shape do ng th c hay ng o to thnh. Thng thng dng tam
gic nh?n n tng nht. Dng tam gic khi chp n: Dng tam gic khi chp nhm:

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Hafoto | http://www.vnphoto.net 5. Tension and Balance (S cng thng v cn bng): S sp xp ca "shape" to nn cm

gic cng thng hay cn bng. V d sau y, nhng thng rc pha sau c sng v kch thc qu khc bit vi ch nn gy cm gic "cng thng"

nh ny cn bng hn, v? ch v chic xe p c cng chung "tng" mu, sng, v kch thc.

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Hafoto | http://www.vnphoto.net 6. Pleasing compositional forms (Nhng dng b cc nh?n "d chu"): Ngoi dng tam
gic nu trn, dng L-shaped (hay L ngc), S-shaped (hay S ngc), Z-shaped (hay Z ngc), CShaped (hay C ngc) cng to c nh ng b cc nh?n "pleasing" nh t.

V d v L-Shaped

V d v S-Shaped

7. Subject Tone: Sau khi t ch ln trn ng mnh hay im mnh ri, mt im quan trng
na l ci "tone" ca ch phi sng hn, nt hn, mu sc ni bt hn (nu chp mu) nhng phn c?n l i ca h?nh. Trong v d ny, sng v nt lm ni bt mt (frontal) ca ch v gip "stand out".

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Tip 4: Camera Angle and Perspective (Gc ch p v S nh?n nh n ch ).

Tip ny gm c 4 phn: Camera Height, Head Positions, Framing, v Tilted Camera. Tip ny bn v "perspective" (tm dch l "cnh nh?n nh n ch " CNNC). Ni chung, v tr t ca camera nh hng n "h?nh d ng ca ch . Hiu r? nh ng qui tc ny s gip ta gi ng hay thay i (distorted) b ngoi (appearance) ca ch khi cn. 1. Camera Height: Khi di chuyn Camera theo chiu dc th? l u ? nh ng im sau y:

Nu chp Head-and-Shoulders (hay Head-shot) (Tm dch l Bn Chn Dung) th? camera ph i t ngang tm vi ci nh ca l mi (nose tip) gi ng perspective.

Nu chp Three-Quarter-Length (Di tht lng v trn u gi) th? camera ph i c t tm u gia vai v tht lng gi ng perspective.

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Nu chp Full-Length (Chp "nguyn con"), th? camera ph i c t ngang tht lng gi ng perspective.

Ni chung, t nh ng im chun gi cho ch ng "perspective" k trn, nu ta di chuyn camera cao ln th? s lm cho ch thp i, hoc thp xung th? ch s cao ln. V? v y iu chnh camera sao cho ch nh?n "l? t ng" nht (vic ny th? ty theo quan im ring ca ngi ch p).

2. Head Positions (v tr u): Nu Camera Height nh hng n chiu cao ca ch th? Head
Positions nh hng n trng lng ca ch (tuy nhin cng ty thuc vo cch t nh sng na). C 3 v tr u c bn nht trong chn dung l: 7/8, 3/4, v profile. Seven-Eighths View (7/8): v tr ny mt bn mt ca ch c thy nhiu hn pha bn kia, tuy nhin ta vn thy c ci tai. Three-Quarters View (3/4): Chch sang 1 t n a cho n khi ci tai khut i th? ta c 3/4 view.

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Hafoto | http://www.vnphoto.net
Profile: Ti gc chp ny, ta ch thy mt bn ca mt. Bn c th kt hp "camera height techique" v "head positions" lm cho ch "nh con" i. nh ny c chp high angle v 3/4 view.

3. Framing: y l 1 k thut rt quan trng n CNNC (Cch nh?n nh n ch ). Thng th? nh

c chp trn nhng format tiu chun nh: 4-by-6, 5-by-7, 5-by-5, 5-by-4, tng thm tnh a dng cho format th? ta dng ph ng php Framing, c ngha l dng nhng ng th c v ng o to nn 1 ci frame khc bn trong mt trong nh ng frame tiu chun k trn.

Xem anh trang ti p theo

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Hafoto | http://www.vnphoto.net
nh ny ci ct bn tri (ng vai tr? ng th c) v cnh tay (ng o) "frame" ch li ph i ci frame kinh in t l 3/2. nh ny b cc c chc ch hn l nh ci v?m pha sau "frame" ch li.

y l mt dng c bit ca framing. Ch c t sau tm li. Tm li to nn nh ng ng cho ph i tnh c ng ca frame kinh in v ng thi "frame" ch thnh nhng m?ng nh .

y l mt kiu rt sng to v cch framing ca anh Soneros. Trong nh ny ta thy framing khng nht thit phi l ci "frame" c to bi nhng ng tht m c th l s kt hp gi a ng thc v cnh ca frame. V c bit l frame trong nh ny c tnh cht "implied" v "abstract" ?i h i ngi nh? n phi suy tng ra (ch khng phi suy din ra).

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Hafoto | http://www.vnphoto.net 4. Tilted Camera (K thut nghing my): K thut ny c dng to b cc nh, nu
mc ch ny khng t c th? c ngh a l "lch" my :lol: nh ny ch pose thiu linh ng nn my c nghing to b cc ng cho v L-form.

nh ny my c nghing, tuy nhin , khng ging nh nh trn, ngi xem khng bit my c nghing theo gc no v? chung quanh khng c g? c n c theo so snh.

Tm li, nhng k thut k trn gip ta lm ch c b cc, thay i hay gi CNNC (perspective) t c kt qu theo mun.

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Tip 5: Basic Studio Lighting v Artificial Light.

y l 2 ch m ngi ta c th vit thnh 2 cun sch nn em ch xin mn php trnh bay nhng im c bn nht (khch so nh).

1. Basic Studio Lighting: Studio Lighting l ti to li (hay bt chc) nh sng t nhin nn

ngun sng chnh LUN LUN c t t nht l ngang tm mt ca ch hay l cao hn. (Bi vy my phim kinh d hay chiu n my con qu t pha di ln :lol: ). C 4 loi n chnh trong studio: Key light, fill light, background light, v hair light.

S thay i trong sp xp ca cc ngun sng ny to nn tnh a dng ca k thut studio lighting. V d nh: Loop Lighting, Paramount Lighting, Rembrand Lighting, Profile Lighting, Split Lighting. Khng c mt ch s nht nh v cng nh sng v camera setting v nhng thng s ny ph thuc vo din tch ca studio, v tr t ca n flash, loi n flash c dng, v ngay c mu sc ca background.

1. Key light: L ngun nh sng chnh quyt nh phn no ca ch c "chiu sng"

(illuminate). y l ngun sng chnh quyt nh s khc nhau gia cc th loi nh sng setting trong studio.

2. Fill light: Mc ch chnh ca Fill Light l lm nh i phn shadow to bi Key Light. V vy, Fill
Light lun lun "nh" hn (less powerful) Key light, c?n nh hn nh th no quyt nh ci "mood" ca nh. T l thng thng gia Key v Fill l 3:1. T l cng ln (4:1, 5:1, v ngay c no fill light) th nhn kch tnh hn (more dramatic). Nhng t l ny thuc v nhm "high contrast" (chnh lch cao gia highlight v shadow). T l cng nh th nhn "du" hn (pleasing). V d nh: 3:2.

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Hafoto | http://www.vnphoto.net 3. Hair Light: ng theo tn gi ca n, nh

sng ny "illuminate" phn tc ca ch . n nay thng c t hi chch ra pha sau nh sng khng "lt" vo mt ch v lm cho tc ni bt ln nn background.

4. Background Light: L loi nh sng ri

thng vo trung tm ca background to thnh "Vignette effect" (trung tm sng trong khi 4 gc ti i) nhm mc ch hng mt ngi nhn vo ch .

5. Kicker: Ngoi 4 loi chnh k trn, kicker l

loi nh sng mnh tng ng Key Light v t i li Key Light lm ni bt ci "contour" v "roundness" (tm dch l "ng vin khng gian 3 chiu).

Tnh a dng ca Studio Lighting l do s kt hp ca cc loi nh sng trn. Ngoi tr Key Light bt buc phi c, nhng ngun sng cn li th ty theo s sng to v s thch ca ngi chp c th dng ht hoc dng vi loi hoc khng dng cng c (chp vi mt ngun sng).

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Hafoto | http://www.vnphoto.net
Phn trn ni v cc loi n dng trong studio: Key light (phi c), fill light, hair light, background light, kicker (optional), i khi reflector cng c dng nh key light. Trong studio c 5 loi setting chnh: Paramount, Loop, Rembrandt, Split, v Profile. d hiu cho bi vit, cc bn c tng tng studio setting ging nh ci mt ng h (xin ng xi ng h digital :lol: ). Ch c ngi trung tm ng h, camera c t v tr 6 gi, v ty theo th loi nh sng c dng m cc n c thay i cho ph hp.

1. Paramount Lighting: nh sng ny ti to nh sng gn gia tra khi m mt tri gn nh trn

nh u. Key light c t ngay trn u v chnh din vi ch . nh sng ny lm ni bt phn mt (frontal) ca ch v "de- emphasize" phn hng (sides) ca u. V? key light c t i din v pha trn ca ch nn nh sng ny to nn 2 ci shadows trn hc mt v mt ci shadow ngay di mi (i khi n to nn dng h?nh con b m nn Paramount Lighting c?n c gi l Butterfly Lighting). lm gim nh nhng ci shadows ny, fill light (hay reflector) c t ngay di Key Light (trng hp duy nht m 2 loi n ny c t cng pha v theo hng dc trn di). nh bn, ch nh?n th ng vo ng knh, tuy nhin hng ngi quay v pha v tr 8 gi . Key light c t v tr 8 gi ngay pha trn u, reflector c t ngay pha di Key light. V? m t ch khng su nn ta khng thy ci shadow trn hc mt r? l m, tuy nhin ta vn thy shadow ngay di mi. Loi nh sng ny thch hp cho n (v? m t nam thng su hn mt n ).

2. Loop Lighting: Loi setting ny hi khc vi

Paramount ch l Key light vn trn cao nhng hi thp xung lm mt i ci shadow trn hc mt, v chch v mt bn to nn ci shadow h?nh "loop" trn m ca ch . nh sng ny thch hp lm "m" i (slim) mt ca ch .

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Hafoto | http://www.vnphoto.net 3. Rembrandt Lighting: Hay c?n c gi l

45-degree lighting. c im ca nh sng ny l n to nn mt ci tam gic nh trn m ca ch ( bn pha ngc li ca Key light). nh sng ny bt ngun t ha s Rembrandt ngi H lan, ng ta thch v ch ng cnh c a s. nh sng ny thng c coi l c in, kch tnh (classic, dramatic look), thch hp cho nam. to c tc dng Rembrandt Lighting, Key light c t thp xung n a gn nh ngang tm mt ca ch ( trnh tc dng loop-shadow) v gn nh l to mt gc 45 i vi ch .

4. Split Lighting: Loi nh sng ny ch "chiu"

(illuminate) ng na mt ca ch , na c?n l i hon ton trong vng ti. nh sng ny dng lm "m" i (slim) nhng ngi c kh mt hay mi "rng". nh sng ny t c dng trong nhip nh thng mi (commercial photography). Nu dng th? t l Key v Fill thng l 3:2.

nh trn Key light c t v tr 9 gi, t l Key:Fill l 3:1 (hic, it's not commercial photography. nh ny "free" ch khng bn c). nh trn ta c th thy dng h?nh tam gic trn m tri ca ch (Key light c t v tr kho?ng gi a 7 v 8 gi, v thp ngang tm mt ca ch ).

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Hafoto | http://www.vnphoto.net 5. Profile Lighting: Loi nh sng ny th? h ng nh?n c a ch v camera to nn mt gc 90 .

Key light c t hi chch ra pha sau ch lm ni bt ng vin trn sng mi. Fill light (optional) c t i din vi Key lm nh i phn shadow. Loi nh sng ny t c dng v? n gii hn v mt h?nh th c (ch b b buc v hng nh?n v "posing").

nh trn, camera v tr 6 gi, ch nh?n v hng 3 gi (to nn gc 90 vi gc chp), Key light v tr kho?ng gia 1 v 2 gi.

Tip 5: Basic Studio Lighting v Artificial Light (ti p theo)

Sau khi nm c cc loi nh sng c bn thng dng trong studio v cch x dng n flash, vn k tip l o sng v chnh cc setting trn camera (tc , khu , ISO...) c c mt exposure nh ?. Nu c th c th? b n c th dng light metering quyt nh mt exposure l? t ng. Tuy nhin, nu bit "set up" ta vn c th chp c mt tm nh sng m khng cn dng light-metering (well, this tip can save you 200 dollars from buying that device :lol: ). C 2 loi yu t nh hng n mt tm nh ng sng l: 1. Nhng yu t lin quan n studio setting ( mnh ca n flash, v tr t ca n, din tch studio, tone ca background). 2. Nhng yu t setting trn my nh (khu , tc , ISO) Hai loi yu t ny nh hng qua li v tr c tip ti nhau. V? ta khng dng light -metering nn ta s gi nh ng thng s trn camera c nh (nhm yu t 2) v iu chnh flashes (nhm yu t 1) sao cho c c mt exposure l? t ng. Nhng setting l? t ng trn camera trong studio:

1. ISO: V? ta hon ton lm ch nh sng nn trnh nh b noise, lun lun set 100. 2. Khu : Trong studio, th? bac kground khng c?n l "problem", v? background th ng l mt mu
trn, kt hp vi background light ( to vignette effect) nn ta khng phi lo lng nhiu v nhng ci lnh knh lm phn tm ngi nh?n khi ch p ti "location". V? th , set khu nh nh c nt cao v "chiu su nh trng" (DOF) rng.

3. Tc : Set tc cao trnh nh b nh?e do rung tay.

Nhm thng s sau c dng minh ha cho k thut set up nh sng ny ISO:100, tc : 1/125s, khu : f/8 Sau khi set nh ng thng s ny c nh trn camera, bc k tip l set lng nh sng nh ra t key light (ta khng phi lo lng v fill light v? khi key light m ng th? fill light ph i ng).

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V? c nhi u loi n flash khc nhau (vi cng sut khc nhau) nn v d sau ch c tnh cch t ng trng. u tin set key light "nh" 3/4 cng sut ca n. Test Shot: Chp th mt tm, trn camera, bt histogram ln (xin coi tip 1 v cch c histogram). Nu nh d sng th? ta c nh ng cch iu chnh sau: gim cng sut n xung, hoc di chuyn key light xa ra, hoc tng tc trn my, hoc ng khu nh li. Nu nh thiu sng th? (b n c th on): tng cng sut n ln, hoc di chuyn flash gn li, hoc gi?m t c trn my (nhng ng gi?m d i 1/60s), hoc m khu ln ln (nhng ng ln hn f/5.6). Ti y, hi vng bn ? c khi ni m v cch thc hin mt "test shot". Ni chung l cn phi linh ng quyt nh cn phi hiu chnh nh ng setting ca "nhm yu t 1" (flash), hoc "nhm yu t 2" (camera).

Tip 5: Basic Studio Lighting v Artificial Light (tip theo)

Sau khi key light ? set c nh ? r i (v d nh 3/4 cng sut ca n) th? v n cn li l fill light, background light, hair light (nhng n ny c tnh cch "optional"). Ty theo ? thch m ta ch n t l thch ng gia key light v fill light. T l 1:3 l thng dng nht. Vy nu key light l 3/4 th fill light s l 1/3 ca 3/4 (bc no c calculator th tnh gim i :lol: , ni vy thi, ch c lng l c ri) Nhng t l 1:4, 1:5, th s cho nh c tng phn cao, nn nhn kch tnh (dramatic). Thch hp cho phi nam. T l 1:2 th s cho tng phn thp nn nhn "pleasing" hn. Thch hp cho phi n. Nu hair light v background light c dng th cng sut ca n ch nn set 1/2 ca key light (1/2 ca 3/4 l bao nhiu h cc bc? :down: ) Lu ? quan tr ng: Khi chp trong studio nn tt ht cc n, ch modeling light ca key light thi, v sng c th thy vng highlight v shadow. nh sng ca model light (nh sng preview) phi sng ta c th ly nt (ly nt mt).

K thut chp Artificial Light: Artificial light l nhng loi n nh neon, tungsten, spotlight... Nhng loi n ny c xp vo nhm "low light". Tht vy cho d l bn n Las Vegas hay New York l nhng ni c nh sng rc r v m, nhng nh sng ca city light khng th so sng vi nh sng mt tri c. Ty theo yu cu m ta cn bit nh ng im c bn sau khi "i ph" vi loi nh sng ny. Trng hp background khng cn thit: V d nh bn chp mt s kin m s kin c bit quan trng hn c background nhiu th? ch n ly "gii php an ton" l chp tc m n cho php. Lm nh vy th? ch s thy r? v sng trong khi background hon ton ch?m trong bng t i.

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Trng hp khng th dng flash c th? t ng ISO, nu vn thiu sng m ln khu hn, hoc chp tc chm li (nu bn chp di 1/60s th? nn dng monopod) nh sau, mc d ISO c set 1600 m vn khng sng nn tc c set 1/45s, my c "t?" trn bn cho v ng.

Trng hp chp kt hp vi Flash: y l trng hp NN dng nht v?: -Ta va thy c ch v va thu c background. V d nh thn ch ca bn b ra c ngn t chc m ci khch sn sang trng nht m nu chp theo tc n flash, khi ln nh ch thy c du ch r dancing c?n th? n mu, khch kha ch?m trong mn m ht :down: . Hoc nh bn du lch ti thnh ph ln nh New York rc r v m, bn chp mt tm chn dung vi background l Times Square, nhng ln nh th? gi ng nh chp trong "parking lot" th? bu n lm. -Phng php ny nh khng b "noise" (do set ISO cao) v khng b "heavy color cast" (xem nh

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trn, khun mt cu b b ti v vng do nh n light-bulb). Nguyn tc chung ca k thut chp "low light" kt hp vi n Flash: - my theo ch TV (Tc u tin) v fill nh vi Flash. C 2 vn cn lu ? khi dng ph ng php ny: Bn mun ly bao nhiu background v ch ng u trc ng knh. Trong kho?ng 1/15s t i 1/50s l kho?ng th i gian lu thu c "artificial light" ca background vo trong ng knh. Nu bn mun thu "nhiu background" th? set 1/15s. N u "t background" th? set 1/50s. (Linh ng x dng trong kho?ng t c ny). Trong kho?ng t c ny th? nguy c my b rung rt cao. Tuy nhin, v? ch l background nn hi rung hay m t c ng khng sao, v nu bn chu kh tp t th? kho?ng ny n u chp quen c th vn r? c :lol: C?n n u nh bn ch p tc 1s (hay di) th? nn dng monopod. V? ta set my TV (ch auto) nn my s quyt nh lng nh sng trng ca n Flash ti ch . Sau khi bm my, th? Flash s "nh" trc. Sau khi "nh ri" ng knh vn m c thi gian thu "nh sng ti" ca background. Lc ny ch nm trong vng ti nn nu ch nhc nhch th? khi ln nh (ty theo ch ng v tr sng ti c no) ta s thy phn "r?a" h i blur. Nu ch ng di nh n vng th? khi ln nh ta s thy nh sng vng "trn" vi nh sng trng ca n Flash. V? v y cn phi "ngc" n Flash ln (t nht l 45 ) hn ch lng nh sng trng li, trnh khng ch b "over-lighting" (nh sng trng + nh sng ti hin trng lm ch b d sng). Ni chung phng php ny, flash c dng lm ch sng, c?n t c chm nhm thu c nh sng ti ca background.

nh sau c chp vi tc 1/25s, (v? background khng xa lm) bn vn c th thy nh sng trng ca flash di (bounce flash) t trn nh m ln ch r v c du, ng thi vn gi nguyn nh sng ca hin trng ni background.

nh sau c chp vi tc 1/4s, ta c th thy nh sng trng ca flash v vin mu chung quanh ch (vin ny thu vo my SAU KHI flash ? nh), v? background qu xa nn c n chp tc chm ny (chic xe hi bn tri b blur v? t c chm).

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Quote:

Bc hafoto cho e hi: Trng hp chp vi flash trn l ch dng vi TTL hay l c th s dng c cho c nonTTL? Cm n bc

Cm n bc ? t cu hi quan trng ny: Trng hp trong bi vit ny l dng TTL. V nu ta dng non-TTL, khi bt flash ln th my t ng set theo ch chp theo flash. Kt qu l nh sng n flash s tr thnh ngun sng chnh v ch c "illuminate" bi nh sng "trng" ca n flash, c?n background th? t i thui. Trong trng hp ny th chp manual. Nguyn tc chung vn l tc chm (1/15s ti <1/60s nu cn 1/4s). Khi chp tc chm nh vy, th flash nh c no cng "n", vn l nh nhiu hay t. V? bi vi t c hn, v c nhiu loi flash khc nhau vi cng sut khc nhau, nn cch hay nht l tm hiu xem flash ca mnh khi nh full power th? n xa bao nhiu v khi nh 1/2 v 1/4 power th? xa bao nhiu, t quyt nh cn phi fill ch nh th no. Mc ch chnh ca flash trong trng hp ny l "fill" (v bn thn ch th ? sng ri), "freeze" ch (chp tc chm ch hay nhc nhch), v cn bng nh sng mu ca background v nh sng trng ca n flash.

nh trn bn c th thy ci bng ca ch (apham) ra pha sau l do n flash. V? ch p tc chm (1/4s) lu nn c mt ci bng yu t pha trc v vin nh (do nh sng yu pha sau lng, khng bit u :down: ) Vi tc ny nh sng trng v nh sng n ng "blend" vi nhau lm cho ch khng b m sc qu hay trng qu do n flash.

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Tip 6: The mind game: Nhng iu cn bit trong mt Photo Shoot Session
y l tip lin quan n cch iu khin ch trong nh ng iu kin nh sng, mi trng ch p khc nhau. C th l Portrait v Wedding Session. 1. Cch iu khin (run) mt Portrait Photo Shoot Session: Phn ny bao gm Consultation Meeting, quan st nh sng, posing ch , gc chp, k thut framing, v communication (quan trng nht). 1a. Consultation Meeting: (tm dch l trao i trc khi chp) Nu c th c bn nn b ra khong 20 pht ti 1 ting t?m hi u v quan st ch trc khi chp. Trong bui meeting ny iu cn nht l gy s tin tng cho ch , nn bn vi t cch l Photographer cn phi t tin trc th? ch mi t tin c. Cch hay nht l show cho ch Porfolio (nhng nh m?nh ? ch p) ca m?nh. N u ch thch nh ca bn th? s tin tng bn. y cng l dp tho lun v a im, thi gian, v trang phc chp. + a im v thi gian chp lin quan nhiu n cht lng nh sng. a im chp cn nht l ni t ngi qua li ch tp trung v thoi mi hn. + Thi gian chp l kho?ng 2 ti ng trc khi mt tri ln l l? t ng nht. Hoc khi m ch c th nh?n th ng vo mt tri m khng b nhu mt (squint). + Trang phc chp: V? y l chp chn dung nn trang ph c ch phc v cho s th hin ca ch (expression). Qun o cn nht l mu trn (1 hay 2 mu "solid"), nn trnh c sc, c ch, h?nh nh tru tng...d gy s phn tm cho ngi nh?n nh. * Kinh nghim ca tc gi: Khi ch hi ti phi mc g? Photo Shoot, ti hay tr li l "Mc ci g? m bn cm thy thoi mi v t nhin nht NHNG ch nn mc mu trn, khng ch, khng h?nh nh tru tng" (ch NHNG ngm hiu l s yu cu hn l s ngh). ("Wear whatever you feel comfortable with, being yourself BUT make sure the clothes have solid color, no text, no abstract images")

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Tip 6: The mind game: Nhng iu cn bit trong mt Photo Shoot Session (tip theo)
1b. Quan st nh sng: Trc khi bm my, bn phi xc nh cho c ngun sng chnh t u. Khi ti a im chp, nu l ngy my, th c bu tri s to nn loi nh sng tn (diffusing light), y l nh sng thch hp v l tng nht cho chn dung. V d v nh sng tn (diffusing light), tri my (nh di) Loi nh sng l tng k tip l nh sng nh khi mt tri sp mc hay gn ln. Vi loi nh sng du ny, nu bn kho t ch th th khun mt s to nn t l highlight v shadow khng qu tng phn, nh nhn s kch tnh hn. nh sau chp lc mt tri gn t, phn highlight khng b chy (blown-out) v phn shadow vn gi c chi tit.

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Nn trnh chp lc nng gt (gia tra), nhng nu phi chp th tm hng hin hay trong bng rm. Trong trng hp ny, nh sng t ngoi vo trong hng hin/bng rm s tr thnh ngun sng chnh. nh sau c chp trong hng hin trong mt ngy nng gt (harsh). nh sng HT vo t bn phi nh.

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1c. Posing ch : Phn ny lin quan mt thit n gc chp v k thut framing. C bn nht v d nht pose l vai ch to thnh mt gc kho?ng 45 vi hng my chp

nh di ti iu khin model ng yn v ti di chuyn qua bn tri, ti ngh model nghing u v pha trc mt t v....bm my. (lu ? h ng chp v vai ch to thnh mt gc nhn.

Kinh in nhip nh ?i h i ch pose k lng t u, tay, ngn tay, chn, ng, ngi, nm....ti mc hon chnh. Lm nh vy thng lm cho ch cng thng (? ki n ring ca hafoto). lm cho posing tr nn d dng, ngoi vai v gc my nu trn bn ch cn nh thm: Mt t th pose p l mt t th m ch cm thy thoi mi, ging nh mt t th tht, bn ch iu chnh ch sao cho b cc tha mn. Chi tay v chn nn nm trn cng vng mt phng vi u (plane) v hi gp khc to nhng ng cho dn ti mt ch .

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nh sau 2 cnh tay ch to nn nh ng ng gp khc v dn mt ngi nh?n t i khun mt ch .

Tip 6: The mind game: Nhng iu cn bit trong mt Photo Shoot Session (tip theo)
1d. Gc chp: Chn gc chp p khn nhng gip ta hiu chnh nhng chi tit trn khun mt ch v vc dng (xin xem tip "perspective" ? vi t) m cn lm tng tnh a dng ca ch . S th hin ca khun mt (facial expressions) thay i tng giy mt v tng gc mt nn cn thit phi chp nhiu gc cnh khc nhau. Li im th 2 l gc chp cn gip ta loi b nhng chi tit ln xn background v gii quyt nhng trng hp nh sng kh chp.

Xem anh trang ti p theo

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Lu ? khi ch p gc thp, yu cu ch nghing v pha trc trnh bin dng (thn hnh to v u b nh li)

nh di v nhng chi tit lt vt trn mt t nn ti chn gc chp thp v yu cu ch hi nghing v pha trc gim thiu s bin dng.

Trng hp gc cao gip ta trnh c nh sng trc tip t mt tri, v nn t tr thnh background. Tng t vy, yu cu ch ng ra pha sau trnh bin dng.

nh di ti chn gp chp cao n nh sng gt ca mt tri....

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1e. K thut Framing: K thut ny cng nh hng n background. Vi k thut ny ta i ti (1) s chn la v quyt nh background nhiu hay t, v (2) khi no nn p dng k thut ny (xin c phn di). Nu bn chp bn chn dung (head and shoulder) th khi chp wide angle lens bn phi ng gn ch hn v bn s c nhiu background hn. Tng t vy, vi tele lens bn cng chp c bn chn dung nhng phi ng xa hn v background s t hn

nh di chp Focal Length 35 mm ly ht bc tng.

Cng chp bn chn dung, nh di chp Focal Length 210mm, v background hu nh b loi b hon ton.

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Lu ? quan tr ng: Khi chn Focal Length chp, cn phi cn thn n " ln" ca ch . Cng l bn chn dung nhng qua 2 nh trn, nh chp wide angle lens ch "b" v khng gian tri rng ra, nh chp tele th ch "ln" hn v kho?ng khng gian nh gn li (compressed).

Nhng k thut trn nhm mc ch to nn nhng thnh phn c bn nht ca nhip nh (visual art ni chung) l: ng (line), dng (shape), hnh khi (form), cht lng ca b mt (texture), pattern (ci ny kh dch nh????), v mu sc (color).

Sau y l mt s khi nim c bn nht khi design mt tm chn dung. Posing p l s kt hp gia ch v ngi chp (photographer). Trong ngi chp ng phn quan trng hn. Quan trng hn l v? ng i chp chn la, sp t, dn dng (ni chung l design) nhng thnh phn c bn ca nhip nh (photographic elements) nh line, shape, form,...v quyt nh thnh phn no s ng phn ch o trong tc phm ca mnh.

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Trc khi i vo phn "Communication" l phn c bit quan trng trong nhip nh chn dung, ta nn nm vi nt c bn nht trong vic design mt tm nh (vn khng n thun ch l posing) 1. Line (ng): y l thnh phn c bn nht ca nhip nh. Khi bn nhn vo vie wfinder vn quan trng l bn phi nhn ra ng (xin xem cc tips trc v ng thc v ng o).

nh trn, ch pose kh cng nhc, nhng vi k thut nghing my, ngi chp c th to nn 2 ng cho ph i ci "b ng" ca khung hnh ch nht. 2. Shape (h?nh d ng): S lin kt ca "line" to thnh "shape"

3. Form (h?nh kh i): Nu Shape l phn mt phng 2 chiu th Form ni v khng gian 3 chiu. Nhip nh l ngh thut thu khng gian 3 chiu ln nn mt phng 2 chiu, nn ngi chp cn phi to cho ngi xem nh c "cm gic" khng gian 3 chiu. gy n tng ny th ngun sng chnh lun c

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t chch v mt bn (sidelight) cho ch "ni khi". V mt k thut na dng trong photoshop ? c trnh by trong phn Retouch l "K thut Dodge v Burn". nh di, ngun sng chnh ht t ngoi vo hng hin to nn nhng mng ti sng to "cm gic khng gian 3 chiu".

4. Texture: Mt th php thng dng trong nhip nh chn dung l nhn mnh v lm ni bt b mt ca da (skintone)... Ci ny ?i h i nh c nt cao (do ly nt tt, cht lng ng knh, v k thut sharpen) gy n tng cho ngi xem nh. Ty theo yu cu m i khi k thut "lght diffusing" c km theo gy cm gic "pleasant" cho ngi nhn (trng hp glamourous photography).

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5. Pattern: (h?nh d ng lp i lp li) Mt cch d nht gy s ch v tp trung vo ch l cho ch ph i ci pattern. nh di nhng vung ca hng ro to nhng pattern b ph i bi ch

6. Color: Mt phng php rt thng dng trong nhip nh l "over-saturate" gy s ch . nh di mu xanh blue c over-saturated lm ni bt i mt xanh ca ch nm trn nn skintone mu (cng c saturated).

7. Communication (iu khin ch ): Communication l mt k thut rt quan trng nhm lm ni bt ln nhng c tnh, cm xc, sc din cm ca ch . Photo Shoot l mt qu trnh th t v lin tc t cch x dng lens, chn khong cch chp, mt chp, hng dn ch pose, v d nhin k thut lm cho ch t tin v thoi mi.

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Sau khi chn a im chp v xc nh c ngun sng chnh, 2 iu cn nh u tin l chn kho?ng cch ch p v hng dn ch pose. Lun lun bt u vi ci gi l "Working Distance". y l t chuyn mn trong nhip nh chn dung tm dch l "khong cch l tng". Nu bn nhn vo trong viewfinder tiu c 100 mm V frame c ch phn ngc v u (head and shoulder shot) th bn ? t c "Working Distance". Gi l "kho?ng cch l? t ng", v ti khong cch ny ch cm thy thoi mi nht (phn ln ch rt nhy cm khi ng knh d qu st) v ti khong cch ny khng qu xa v khng qu gn gip bn iu khin ch m khng phi la to ln (khng ai thch b nghe ht).

nh trn chp tiu c 100 mm (nhng nh?n g n hn l v? ch p vi digital Canon nhn vi factor 1.6, C'mon i khi thi m u cn phi chnh xc vy). Lu ? thm l vi k thut framing ch b tch ra hon ton vi background hn n. im th 2 quan trng l lun lun bt u vi t th da (ng hay ngi). Vi t th ny cho d model chuyn hay khng th? t th da lun lm cho ch cm thy thoi mi v t tin nht.

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