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CNG NGH NANO

(H2N2) -t st siu mn l loi st c c ht c nano v c th c bin tnh bng cc phng php ha hc to thnh nhng vt liu tng hp vi cc monome v polyme hu c.

Trong cc ngun ti liu khc nhau, ngi ta chia t st ra thnh ba hay bn nhm chnh nh sau: kaolinit, montmorillonit-smectit, illit v chlorit (nhm cui cng khng phi lc no cng c coi l mt phn ca t st v i khi c phn loi nh l mt nhm ring, trong phm vi phyllosilicat). C khong 30 loi t st 'nguyn cht' khc nhau trong cc nhm ny, nhng phn ln t st 't nhin' l cc hn hp ca cc loi khc nhau ny, cng vi cc khong cht phong ha khc.

Ngy nay, nguyn liu chnh sn xut t st siu mn l cc loi t st smectit, c bit l montmorillonit. Montmorillonit l nguyn liu d khai thc v c tr lng ln khp ni trn th gii.

Montmorillonit, vi cng thc ha hc (Na,Ca) 0,33 (Al,Mg) 2 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 nH 2 O, thng thng l sn phm c to ra t phong ha ca cc loi ngho silica. Montmorillonit l thnh vin ca nhm smectit v l thnh phn chnh trong bentonit.

So vi t st tng hp, t st t nhin khng ng u v cht lng, kch c v tnh cht vt l trong khi , kh nng to ra cc composit gia t st v polyme ph thuc nhiu vo s n nh tnh cht ca t st.

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CNG NGH NANO

Tri li, thnh phn v tnh cht ca t st tng hp n nh hn v c th c khng ch tt hn. Nhng t st tng hp thng t hn t st t nhin, v vy b hn ch trong s dng.

Mi y, trn th trng xut hin mt loi vt liu nano mi, gi l cc cht nanocomposit phn t ln, chng c kh nng to ra cc cu trc nano vi nhng tnh nng cao hn.

X l t st

Cc cng ngh x l t st c t hn 40 nm nay, sn phm c dng trong nhiu lnh vc cng nghip, v d lm cht n, tc nhn bin tnh cho cc sn phm cng nghip nh sn, cht kt dnh.

C 2 cng ngh c bn x l t st, c p dng sn xut nanoconlposit l cc cng ngh do cng ty CRDL (Nht Bn) v cng ty Nanocon pht trin.

Cng ngh ca cng ty CRDL s dng t st montmorillonit v x l bng phn ng th ion amoni vi cc ion natri c sn trong t st. Bng cng ngh ny, cng ty CRDL sn xut cc nanocomposit lm t polyme v t st.

Cng ty Nanocon pht trin v ng k sng ch phng php bin tnh t st bng cch li cc ion natri trn b mt tinh th t st ri sp xp li bng cc tng tc lng cc.

Sn xut cc nanocomposit

Tim nng sn xut nanocomposit khng b gii hn bi chng loi nha. t st v cc ph gia c ht nano ng vai tr quan trng trong sn xut cc cht do dn dng, cht do k thut, cht do tnh nng cao, cc cht do nhit rn v cc vt liu n hi.

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CNG NGH NANO

Hiu qu ca phng php sn xut ph thuc vo s tng thch ha hc gia t st vi polyme v tc ng ca s tng thch ny i vi cc tnh nng ca ton b h composit.

Hai quy trnh c bn sn xut cc nanocomposit l polyme ha ni ti v ha hp nng chy. C hai quy trnh c pht trin n mc kh cao v c p dng sn xut nhiu composit vi thnh phn t st nano.

Tim nng th trng

Nm l999, tng gi tr th trng ton cu i vi cc nanocomposit ch t 2 triu cn Anh. Trong , phn ln l nylon gia cng bng t st c ht nano, c s dng trong sn xu t cc ph tng t v bao b ng gi. Th trng ch mi nm giai on u ca s pht trin sn phm v cng ngh, nhiu cng ty ang pht trin v thng mi ha cc sn phm nhm mc ch lm cho loi vt liu mi ny c chp nhn.

Tim nng th trng i vi cc nanocomposit hin cn rt ln. Theo d on, trong nm ti sn lng ca cc sn phm ny s t gn 10 t cn Anh, nhng con s ny cng mi ch tng ng mt phn ba ca tim nng th trng. c tnh, trong thi gian 2004 - 2009, nhu cu th trng i vi nanocomposit s tng trung bnh 35%/nm.

Cng ngh sn xut nanocomposit c th c p dng rng ri cho nhiu loi polyme. D kin, trong 10 nm ti cc loi composit c sn xut t gn 20 loi polyme s c thng mi ho, mc d hin nay cc sn phm thng mi u tin, duy ch l cc composit i t nylon (cc ph tng t).

Hin nay nanocomposit c s dng trong 2 lnh vc chnh l sn xut ph tng t v vt liu bao b thc phm. Th trng ny s tip tc l u ra cho cc nanocomposit trong 10 nm ti. T nm 2004, vt liu nanocomposit s c p dng cho cc lnh vc phi thc phm v cho cc vt dng lu bn khc.

Hoahocngaynay.com

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CNG NGH NANO

Ngun Vinachem/Industrial Mineral

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