BI TP CHNG HALOGEN

Dng I: Vit PTHH

Cu 1: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra (nu c) khi ln lt cho cc cht sau tc dng vi Clo, Br2, I2: a) K, Na, Rb, Mg, Ba, Al, Fe, Ca, Zn, Cu, H2, H2O. c) KOH( t0 thng), KOH( 1000C), NaOH, Ca(OH)2, KBr, NaBr, NaI, KI, MgBr2, CaBr2, BaBr2 Cu 2: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra (nu c) khi ln lt cho cc cht sau tc dng vi HCl, HBr: a) K, Na, Rb, Mg, Ba, Al, Fe, Ca, Zn, Cu, H2. b) K2O, Na2O, Rb2O, MgO, BaO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, ZnO, FeO, CuO c) K2CO3, Na2CO3, Rb2CO3, MgCO3, BaCO3, CaCO3, AgNO3 d) KOH, NaOH, RbOH, Mg(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, Cu(OH)2 e) MnO2, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7 Cu 3: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra cho cc s sau: a) HCl Cl2 FeCl3 NaCl HCl CuCl2 AgCl b) KMnO4Cl2HCl FeCl3 AgCl Cl2Br2I2ZnI2 Zn(OH)2 c) KCl Cl2KClOKClO3KClO4KClKNO3 d) Cl2KClO3KCl Cl2Ca(ClO)2CaCl2Cl2O2 e) KMnO4 Cl2 KClO3 KCl Cl2 HCl FeCl2 FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 f) CaCl2 NaCl HCl Cl2 CaOCl2 CaCO3 CaCl2 NaCl NaClO g) KI I2 HI HCl KCl Cl2 HCLO O2 Cl2 Br2 I2 h) KMnO4 Cl2 HCl FeCl2 AgCl Ag i) HCl Cl2 FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2(SO4)3 j)HCl Cl2 NaCl HCl CuCl2 AgCl Ag k) MnO2 Cl2 KClO3 KCl HCl Cl2 Clorua vi Cu 4: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra (nu c) khi ln lt cho cc cp cht sau tc dng vi nhau: a) NaCl + ZnBr2 e) HBr + NaI i) AgNO3 + ZnBr2 m) HCl + Fe(OH)2 b) KCl + AgNO3 f) CuSO4 + KI j) Pb(NO3)2 + ZnBr2 n) HCl + FeO c) NaCl + I2 g) KBr + Cl2 k) KI + Cl2 o) HCl + CaCO3 d) KF + AgNO3 h) HBr + NaOH l) KBr + I2 p) HCl + K2SO3 Cu 5: Sc kh Cl2 qua dung dch Na2CO3 thy c kh CO2 thot ra. Hy vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.

Dng 2: Nhn bit:

Cu 1: Nhn bit cc l mt nhn ng cc dung dch sau: 1) Khng gii hn thuc th a) KOH, NaCl, HCl b) KOH, NaCl, HCl, NaNO3 c) NaOH, NaCl, HCl, NaNO3, KI d) NaOH, NaCl, CuSO4, AgNO3 e) NaOH, HCl, MgBr2, I2, h tinh btf) NaOH, HCl, CuSO4, HI, HNO3 2) Ch dng 1 thuc th a) KI, NaCl, HNO3 b) KBr, ZnI2, HCl, Mg(NO3)2 c) CaI2, AgNO3, Hg(NO3)2, HI d) KI, NaCl, Mg(NO3)2, HgCl2 3)Khng dng thm thuc th a) KOH, CuCl2, HCl, ZnBr2 b) NaOH, HCl, Cu(NO3)2, AlCl3 c) KOH, KCl, CuSO4, AgNO3 d) HgCl2, KI, AgNO3, Na2CO3

Dng 3: Tnh ton theo phng trnh ha hc

Cu 1: Ho tan hon ton 6 gam CuO vo lng va 400ml dung dch HCl a) vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra? b) Tnh nng mol dd axit dng? c) Tnh khi lng mui to thnh sau phn ng? Cu 2: Cho 1,96 gam bt Fe vo 100 ml dung dch CuCl2 a) Vit phng trnh phn ng ? b Tnh nng mol dd CuCl2 dng? c) Tnh nng mol/l ca cht trong dung dch sau phn ng (coi nh th tch dd khng thay ). Cu 3: Ho tan hon ton 8 gam Fe2O3 bng dd HCl 0,5M (ktc). a) Tnh khi lng mui thu c?

b) Tnh th tch dd axit dng? c) Tnh nng mol/l ca cht trong dd sau phn ng (coi th tch dd thay i khng ng k). Cu 4: Cho ml dung dch HCl 1,4 M phn ng vi 16 gam CuO thu c dung dch A. Xc nh: a) Th tch dd axit dng? b) Khi lng v nng mol/lit cht trong dung dch A . Cu 5: Ho tan hon ton 53,36 gam Fe3O4 bng dung dch HCl 0,5M. a) Tnh khi lng mui thu c? b) Tnh th tch dd axit dng? c) Tnh nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng (coi th tch dd thay i khng ng k). Cu 6: Cho 6,05 g hn hp gm Zn v Al tc dng va vi m gam dd HCl 10% c cn dd sau phn ng thu c 13,15 g mui khan. Tm gi tr ca m. Cu 7: Cho 2,24g st tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. Kh sinh ra cho qua ng ng 4,2g CuO c un nng. Xc nh khi lng ca cht rn trong ng sau phn ng. Cu 8: Nhng thanh km c khi lng 30,0g vo 100 ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,1M. Phn ng kt thc, ly thanh km ra ra nh, sy kh cn nng m (g). Tnh khi lng km tan vo dung dch v gi tr m? Cu 9: Cho 2,6g bt km vo 100 ml dung dch CuCl2 0,75M. Lc k cho n khi phn ng kt thc. Xc nh s mol ca cc cht trong dung dch thu c. Cu 10: t chy nhm trong kh clo, nu thu c 13,35 gam nhm clorua. Tm khi lng nhm v th tch kh clo cn dng. Cu 11: 200g dung dch AgNO3 8,5% tc dng va 150ml dd HCl. Tm nng mol ca dd HCl. Cu 12: Cho 5,4g nhm tc dng vi dung dch HCl th th tch kh hiro sinh ra ktc l bao nhiu? Cu 13: Trong phng th nghim c cc ha cht: CaO, H2O, MnO2, axit H2SO4 70%(D=1,61g/cm3) v NaCl. Hi cn phi dng nhng cht g v vi lng cht l bao nhiu iu ch 254g clorua vi?

Dng 4: Tnh ton theo phng trnh ha hc (bi ton lng d)

Cu 1: Cho 500 ml dung dch HCl 1,4 M phn ng vi 16 gam CuO thu c dung dch A. Xc nh: Khi lng v nng mol/lit mi cht trong dung dch A . Cu 2: Cho 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1,8 M phn ng vi 500 ml dung dch FeCl3 0,8 M thu c dung dch A v cht rn B. Xc nh: Khi lng cht rn B v nng mol/lit mi cht trong dung dch A . Cu 3: Cho 1,96 gam bt Fe vo 100 ml dung dch CuCl2 10% (d=1,12g/ml). a) Vit phng trnh phn ng ? b) Tnh nng mol/l ca cht trong dung dch sau phn ng (coi th tch dd thay i khng ng k). Cu 4: Cho 69,6g MnO2 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c, d. Dn kh thot ra i vo 500ml dung dch NaOH 4M ( nhit thng). a) Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra. b) Xc nh nng mol ca nhng cht c trong dung dch sau phn ng (th tch dd thay i khng ng k). Cu 5: dung dch cha 1g HBr vo dung dch cha 1g NaOH. Nhng giy qu tm vo dung dch thu c th giy qu tm chuyn sang mu no? V sao? Cu 6: Tnh khi lng HCl b oxi ho bi MnO2, bit rng kh Cl2 sinh ra trong phn ng c th y c 12,7g I2 t dung dch NaI. Cu 7: Cho 50g dd HCl tc dng dd NaHCO3 d thu c 2,24lit kh ktc. Tm nng phn trm ca dd HCl dng? Cu 8: Trn 50 ml dd HCl 0,12M vi 50 ml dd NaOH 0,1M. Tm nng mol cc cht trong dd thu c. Cu 9: Trn 300 ml dd HCl 0,05M vi 200 ml dd NaOH a mol/l. Tm nng mol cc cht trong dd thu c. Cu 10: 200ml dd HCl 0,5M vo 500ml dd Ca(OH)2 0,2M. Nhng giy qu tm vo dd thu c th giy qu chuyn sang mu no? Cu 11: Cho 300ml mt dd c ha tan 5,85g NaCl tc dng vi 200ml dd c ha tan 34g AgNO3. Tm khi lng kt ta thu c.

Dng 3: Xc nh tn
Cu 1: Cho 4,8 gam 1 kim loi R thuc nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, thu c 4,48 lt kh hiro (kc). 1. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng xy ra v tnh s mol hiro thu c. 2. Xc nh tn kim loi R.

3. Tnh khi lng mui clorua khan thu c. Cu 2: Cho 0,9gam mt kim loi nhm IIA tc dng vi dung dch HCl to ra 2,24 lt kh hiro ( ktc). Xc nh tn kim loi. Cu 3: Cho 7,8 gam kim loi nhm IA tc dng vi HCl th thy c 2,24 lt kh thot ra (ktc). Xc nh tn kim loi. Cu 4: Khi cho 1,2 gam mt kim loi nhm IIA tc dng vi dung dch HCl to ra 1,12 lt kh hiro ( ktc). Xc nh tn kim loi. Cu 5: A l kim loi thuc nhm IIA. Ly 4,8 g A tc dng vi dd HX thu c 0,4 g kh. Tm tn A Cu 6: Khi cho 3,33g mt kim loi kim tc dng vi HCl th c 0,48g kh hidro thot ra. Cho bit tn kim loi kim . Cu 7: Cho 4,8g mt kim loi A thuc nhm IIA vo 200g dung dch HCl 20% th thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). a. Xc nh tn kim loi A. b. Tnh nng % cc cht trong dung dch thu c sau phn ng. Cu 8: Cho 10,8g mt kim loi R nhm IIIA tc dng ht 500 ml d2 HCl thu c 13,44 lit kh (ktc). a) Xc nh tn kim loi R. b) Tm nng mol/l dung dch HCl cn dng. Cu 9: Cho 1,365 g mt kim loi kim X tan ht trong dd HCl thu c dd c khi lng ln hn dd HCl dng l 1,33 g. Tm tn X. Cu 10. Khi cho m (g) kim loi Canxi tc dng hon ton vi 17,92 lit kh X 2 (ktc) th thu c 88,8g mui halogenua. a. Vit PTP dng tng qut. b. Xc nh cng thc cht kh X2 dng. c. Tnh gi tr m. Cu 11. ho tan hon ton 8,1g mt kim loi thuc nhm IIIA cn dng 450 ml dung dch HCl 2,0M, thu c dung dch A v V lit kh H2 (ktc). a. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca kim loi trn, cho bit tn ca kim loi . b. Tnh gi tr V. c. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch A, xem nh th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k. Cu 12: Ha tan 4,25 g 1 mui halogen ca kim loi kim vo dd AgNO3 d thu c 14,35 g kt ta. CT ca mui l g? Cu 13: Cho mt lng n cht halogen tc dng ht vi magie thu c 19g magie halogenua. Cng lng n cht halogen tc dng ht vi nhm to ra 17,8g nhm halogenua. Xc nh tn halogen trn. Cu 14: X l nguyn t thuc nhm halogen. Oxit cao nht cha 38,79% X v khi lng. Tm tn X. Cu 15: Cho 8g oxit kim loi R nhm IIA tc dng hon ton vi 800 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M.. a) Xc nh tn kim loi R. b) Tnh khi lng mui to thnh. Cu 16: trung ha ht 16g mt hiroxit ca mt kim loi nhm IA cn dng ht 500ml dung dch HCl 0,8M. Tm cng thc ca hiroxit trn. Cu 17: Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c dng R2O7. Hp cht kh ca n vi Hidro cha 2,74% hidro v khi lng. a. Tm tn R. b. Nu cho 0,25 mol n cht ca R tc dng vi hidro (va ) thu c hp cht kh. Ha tan kh ny vo nc thu c 200 g dung dch axit. Tnh C% ca dung dch axit ny. Cu 18: Cho 6,2g hn hp 2 kim loi A, B thuc nhm IA tc dng hon ton vi H 2O thu c 2,24 lt (ktc). Xc nh A, B. Bit A, B thuc 2 chu k lin tip. Cu 19: Ha tan 174 g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat v sunfit ca cng mt kim loa kim vo dd HCl d. Ton b kh thot ra c hp th ti thiu bi 500 ml dd KOH 3 M. Tm tn kim lai kim. Cu 20: Cho 2,12g mui cacbonat mt kim loi ha tr I tc dng vi dd HCl d to ra 448ml kh ( ktc). Tm CT ca mui. Cu 21: Cho mt mui kim loi halogenua cha bit ha tr vo nc c dung dch X -Nu ly 250ml dung dch X( cha 27 gam mui) cho vo AgNO3 d th thu c 57,4 gam kt ta -Mt khc in phn dung dch X trn th c 6,4 gam kim loi bm catot Xc nh cng thc mui

Cu 22: Cho a gam 1 mui c cu to t mt kim loi M c ha tr 2 v mt halogen x vo nc ri chia dung dch lm 2 phn bng nhau: -Phn 1: cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c 5,74g kt ta -Phn 2: B 1 thanh kim loi st vo. Sau khi phn ng kt thc th khi lng st tng thm 0,16g a) Xc nh cng thc mui ban u b) Tnh khi lng a gam mui dng Cu 23: Cho 1,2 gam kl R c ha tr khng i cn va 200 gam dd HCl a% thu c 201,1 gam dd A A Xc nh tn klR B Tnh a v c% dd HCl v % cc cht tan trong ddA Cu 24: Cho 7,3g kh hidroclorua vo 92,7 ml nc c dd axit A a) Tnh C% ; CM ca dd A thu c . Dung dch axit A thu c cho ht vo 160g dd NaOH 10%. Dung dch thu c c tnh cht g? (axit, baz, trung ha). Tnh C% cc cht trong dd sau phn ng. d) Tnh th tch dd AgNO 3 0,5M cn tc dng va vi 10g dd axit A trn. Cu 25: Ha tan hon ton 1,7g hh X gm Zn v KL (A) phn nhm chnh nhm 2 vo dd Axit HCl thu c 0,672 lit kh H2 ( ktc ). Mt khc nu ha tan ht 1,9g (A) th dng khng ht 200ml dd HCl 0,5M. Tm tn A.

b) c)

Tnh khi lng dd H2SO4 98% v mui NaCl cn iu ch lng kh hidroclorua trn.

Dng 4: Bi ton hn hp
Cu 1: Cho 16g hn hp X gm Fe v Mg tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl th thu c 8,96lit kh ktc. Vy khi lng ca Fe v Mg trong hn hp trn ln lt l: Cho 0,56g hn hp A gm Mg v Cu tc dng vi dung dch HCl d .Sau phn ng thu c 224ml kh H2 kc. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng v xc nh vai tr ca tng cht trong phn ng b) Tnh thnh phn % ca tng kim loi trong hn hp ban u Cu 2: ha tan hon ton hn hp gm Zn v ZnO ngi ta phi dung va ht 600ml dd HCl 1M v thu c 0,2mol kh H2 . a) Vit phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng xy ra, cho bit phn ng no l phn ng oxh-kh. b) Xc nh khi lng ca Zn v ZnO trong hn hp ban u. Cu 3: Ho tan 10g hn hp bt Fe v Fe2O3 bng mt lng dd HCl va , thu c 1,12 l hidro (ktc) v dd X. Cho dd X tc dng vi dd NaOH ly d. Ly kt ta thu c em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn Y. Tm khi lng cht rn Y. Cu 4 Ho tan 28,8 gam hn hp bt Fe2O3 v Cu bng dd HCl d(khng c oxi), n khi phn ng hon ton cn 6,4 gam Cu khng tan. Tm khi lng Fe2O3 v Cu trong hn hp ban u. Cu 5 Cho hn hp gm 3 kim loi A, B, C c khi lng l 2,17 gam tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl to ra 1,68 lt H2 ktc. Tm khi lng mui clorua trong dung dch sau phn ng. Cu 6: Cho 14,4g hn hp X gm Cu v CuO tc dng va vi 500ml dung dch HCl 0,4M. Vy khi lng ca ng trong hn hp trn l: Cu 7: Ho tan hon ton 1,36 gam hn hp CaO v CuO vo lng va 400ml dung dch HCl 0,1M a) vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra? b) Tnh thnh phn % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp? c) Tnh khi lng cc mui to thnh sau phn ng? Cu 8: Ho tan hon ton 8 gam hn hp Fe v Fe2O3 bng dung dch HCl 10% (d=1,1 g/ml) sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lit H2 (ktc). a) Tnh thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp? b) Tnh nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng (coi th tch dd thay i khng ng k). Cu 9: Ha tan ht m gam hh A gm c Fe v mt KL (M) bng dd HCl thu c 1,008 lit H 2 ( ktc ) v dd B. C cn B thu c 4,575g hh mui khan. Tm gi tr ca m. Cu 10: Ha tan hon ton 2,175g hh gm 3 kim loi : Zn, Mg , Fe vo dd HCl d thy thot ra 1,344 lit kh H2 ( ktc ). C cn dd thu c sau p th c m gam mui khan . Gi tr ca m l bao nhu?