Phn vit khng bi ?

Mt dng hc tp v ging dy khng km phn quan trng, c bit i vi cc thy c v cc chu hc sinh nh, l vin phn. Ngi ta c th dng bng fooc bt d, nhng cc lp hc i tr hay lp hc ph thng nht th vn phi dng phn. V phn vit bng khng bi dn thay th phn thng thng. V th cng nn bit v loi phn ny la chn cho ph hp. Mun la chn ng ta phi bit: thnh phn cu to, nguyn l sn xut ca chng. Phn khng bi khng phi v phn khng c bi Bi qun vo nhau ri xung chn thy ! 1/- Lch s: Trc y khi cha c phn ngi ta thng ly cc vt liu t nhin c c tnh d mi mn v li du vt trn b mt cn v lm "phn". Nhng vt liu "phn" nguyn thy nht l t st, than ci v.v... Nhng hnh v trong mt s hang ng c cho thy t tin loi ngi bit dng "phn" t lu. Gn y, ngi ta vn khai thc cc loi phn (mt loi vi CaCO3) lm phn dng trong cc trng hc. Loi vt liu ny c x thnh nhng vin hnh hp ch nht nng n hng vi chc gram. Ngi vit cng phi c ngh thut sao cho lc no cng to c mt mm c din tch kh b trn vin phn c th vit c nhng nt sc trn bng. Mt vin phn nh vy c th s dng c bui ging hoc thm ch mt vi ngy. V sau ny ngi ta thy thch cao (canxi sulfat ihyrat CaSO4.2H2O) c th dng lm phn rt tt. Tuy th, ngi ta t dng thch cao dng nguyn khai lm phn m tin hnh x l ch bin c cc loi phn vin tin dng hn. Nhng nm thng cn chin tranh, nhiu kh khn thiu thn, Thy tr chng ti ht dng gch, than, t st li tn dng cc mnh ph thi sau khi y t b bt cho thng binh ly v nung ln, tn bt, trn t st lm ra nhng vin phn khng km ngy nay. 2/- Nguyn l lm phn vit bng t thch cao

u tin thch cao t nhin c khai thc t m di dng cc tng ta nh vi. thch cao c em nung trong l ging nh nung vi nhng y cu trc ca canxisulfat khng b phn hy m ch c phn ng loi bt nc kt tinh. CaSO4. 2H2O -> CaSO4. 1/2H2O +3/2H2O Sn phm ra l l thch cao ngm na nc s c nghin nh dng vo nhiu vic: ph gia xi mng, vt liu b bt trong y t, lm cc khun gm v.v..., v mt phn rt nh dng lm phn vit bng. lm phn ngi ta pha thch cao bt thnh dung dch dng sa v khun. Phn ng ng rn ca thch cao chnh l qu trnh hyrat ha, to lin kt tinh th ihyrat. Phn ng c ta nhiu nhit v chnh l qu trnh ngc vi qu trnh nung thch cao trn. CaSO4. 1/2H2O +3/2H2O -> CaSO4. 2H2O Phn khun theo cc hnh dng khc nhau v c th c trn thm bt mu lm phn mu. Cc loi "phn vit thch cao" v cc loi phn th may trc y c ch to theo kiu nh vy. 3/- u nhc im ca phn thch cao c u im ca cc loi phn ny l d gia cng, gi thnh h nhng nhc im ca chng l vin phn cng, nu vit lu s b mi tay v c nhiu bi. C bi ht v nhng bi phn vng trn mi tc im bc ca thy gio gi nghe sao cm ng v lng mn. Nhng qu thc s pht thi bi phn nh vy chng h lng mn cht no v n lm cho nhng "li " sut i "bn cho phi" (cc thy c gio) cng d b hao tn sc khe thm. Yu cu gim bi ca phn vit kch thch tng ch to cc loi "phn khng bi". Vy cc sn phm c gi l "phn khng bi" c thc l khng pht sinh bi khng? Vin phn c cc tnh nng s dng tt phi p ng c cc yu cu sau: 1. Mm va phi (d b mi mn li vt trn bng) khi s dng khng cn n mnh gy mi tay. 2. Khng hoc t to bi. 3. hao khi s dng (tc mi mn rt t). 4. Khng c hi. 5. Gi thnh chp nhn c. 2

Mt s yu cu ny xem ra kh mu thun nhau nht l yu cu 1 v 2, 1 v 3.

4/- Vn gii quyt ca Phn khng bi gii quyt cc mu thun nh trn, cc nh ch to phn phi ci tin k thut cng ngh v thay i nguyn liu. a/- V nguyn liu chnh: Ngi ta thay nguyn liu thch cao truyn thng bng mt loi bt nh (CaCO3) ph hp c ph, mn v trng cao, m bo ch cn mt lp rt mng c th cho cc nt vit r rt. Nh vy v mt nguyn liu ngi ta li quay v vi h hng ca phn ngy xa. D nhin ngoi CaCO3 mt s c s sn xut vn cn pha trn thm mt s loi cht khc nh thch cao, bt phn v khng loi tr c mt lng nh TiO2 v.v... p ng mt s yu cu c th. b/ - V cng ngh: Ngi ta chuyn t cng ngh rt khun sang cng ngh c p. Nguyn liu bt c phi trn vi mt dung dch kt dnh (keo) hu c c bit n mt do cn thit v gia cng vin phn theo kiu c p hoc p n nh ng gch . c/ - Cc ph gia: im mu cht ca phn khng bi chnh l cc ph gia c trong thnh phn vin phn. Thc cht "phn khng bi" khng c ngha l khng pht bi, bi v khi vit, vin phn phi b mi mn (V cu trc ti ni tip xc) v li mt lp vt liu phn trn b mt bng. Vn l ch ti ni v cu trc, cc ht phn cc nh khng pht tn ra xung quanh m co cm, lin kt ngay vi nhau thnh cc tp hp ln hn, mt phn lu trn bng thnh nt v, cn mt phn ri ra di dng cc ht kh ln t gy nh hng bi cho ngi vit. Vy nn mi c cu nhi Phm Tin Dut: Phn khng bi khng phi v phn khng c bi Bi qun vo nhau ri xung chn thy ! 5/ Thc cht ca Phn khng bi 3

 c c cc tnh nng ny ngi ta pha vo thnh phn vt liu vin phn mt s hp cht dng du, m, sp (cht ha do OP, m ng thc vt v.v...) vi hm lng rt nh (vi phn nghn). Di y xin gii thiu thnh phn phi liu ca mt loi phn khng bi.. Phi liu phn gm: bt nh CaCO3, keo kt dnh (dung dch polyvinylalcol PVA) v cht lm mm (cht ho do OP hoc du parafin, m ng vt). Bt c trn cn vi keo v cht do ha. Ngi ta thm nc c c khi phi liu c m ph hp cho p khun n. Thnh phn cui cng ca vin phn kh s vo c: - Bt nh 99% - PVA 1% - Cht ha do OP (hoc du m) O,2 - 0,3% Thay Kt lun : - Cc bn thy khng, vin phn tuy b nh n gin nhng cng c nhiu chuyn ni y ch . - Ngi bin son ti liu ny mi y c gii thiu 1 bi T ch phn trng, phn mu (Trang Cng ngh -Th vin Violet ) cc bn HS/GV tham kho, Tc gi thy cn b sung bi ny mi ngi hiu v thc hin tt hn cng vic dy v hc - __________________________________________________________ Bin son & ST chnh l Pham Huy Hot 10 - 2012

Ngun TK chnh : Tp ch cng nghip ha cht