(VNS) - KHTN-HCM 3DSMAX

TRUNG TM TIN HC - I HC KHOA HC T NHIN TP.
HCM
227 Nguyn Vn C Qun Tp. H Ch Minh
Tel: 8351056 Fax 8324466 Email: ttth@hcmuns.edu.vn
M ti liu: DT_NCM_H_HDGD_HH3C
Phin bn 1.1 Thng 07/05

HNG DN GING DY

CHNG TRNH CHUYN VIN
Ngnh HA
Hc phn V

HOT HNH CHIU
(Phn I

MC LC
MC LC ........................................................................................................................................................................2
id897203 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com
Hng dn ging dy

Hc phn 5 HOT HNH CHIU CB Trang 2/124

GII THIU....................................................................................................................................................................5
GIO TRNH L THUYT ................................................................................................................................................5
TI LIU THAM KHO....................................................................................................................................................5
HNG DN PHN L THUYT......................................................................................................................................5
BI 1 ..............................................................................................................................................................................5
TNG QUAN MT S LNH, THAO TC C BN ...........................................................................................................5
TM TT.........................................................................................................................................................................5
I. GII THIU...........................................................................................................................................................7
II. KHI NG...........................................................................................................................................................7
III. MN HNH GIAO DIN......................................................................................................................................7
III.1. GIAO DIN 3DSMAX R6 ...................................................................................................................................... 7
III.1.1 TITLE BAR .................................................................................................................................................... 7
III.1.2 MENU BAR.................................................................................................................................................... 7
III.1.3 MAIN TOOLBAR............................................................................................................................................. 8
III.1.4 COMMAND PANEL ......................................................................................................................................... 8
III.1.5 KHU VC BN DI VNG NHN:.................................................................................................................17
III.1.6 BNG REACTOR: ..........................................................................................................................................18
III.1.7 VNG NHN (VIEWPORT): ............................................................................................................................18
III.1.8 PHM TT KHI DIN HOT ...........................................................................................................................22
III.1.9 MT S CNG C C BN...........................................................................................................................22
IV. CC THAO TC C BN...................................................................................................................................23
IV.1. THAO TC CHN I TNG TI VNG NHN: ..................................................................................................23
IV.2. COPY I TNG.............................................................................................................................................24
IV.3. TRANSFORM I TNG..................................................................................................................................24
IV.3.1 SELECT AND MOVE ......................................................................................................................................25
IV.3.2 SELECT AND ROTATE...................................................................................................................................25
IV.3.3 SELECT AND UNIFORM SCALE ......................................................................................................................26
V. H TRC TA .............................................................................................................................................26
V.1. TA ................................................................................................................................................................26
V.2. TRC _AXIS ..........................................................................................................................................................27
V.3. CC H TRC TA ...........................................................................................................................................28
V.4. IU CHNH TM CA PHP BIN I....................................................................................................................28
VI. BI THC HNH..............................................................................................................................................30
BI 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................33
PHP BIN I ALIGN ARRAY MIRROR .................................................................................................................33
SPACING SNAPSHOT.................................................................................................................................................33
TM TT.......................................................................................................................................................................33
I. ALIGN..................................................................................................................................................................34
II. MIRROR...............................................................................................................................................................35
III. ARRAY.............................................................................................................................................................36
IV. BI THC HNH..............................................................................................................................................37
V. SPACING.........................................................................................................................................................40
VI. SNAPSHOT ......................................................................................................................................................42
BI 3 ............................................................................................................................................................................44
SHAPE HIU CHNH SHAPE .......................................................................................................................................44
TM TT.......................................................................................................................................................................44
I. GII THIU CC SHAPE......................................................................................................................................45
II. HIU CHNH SHAPE.............................................................................................................................................46
II.1. HIU CHNH SPLINE CP NH (VERTEX).......................................................................................................46
II.2. HIU CHNH SPLINE CP ON (SEGMENT) ...................................................................................................48
II.3. HIU CHNH SPLINE CP CHU TUYN (SPLINE) ..............................................................................................49
III. MT S LNH C BN CHUYN MT I TNG 2D THNH MT I TNG 3D.....................................
........................................................................................................................................................................49
III.1. EXTRUDE .........................................................................................................................................................49
III.2. BEVEL PROFILE.................................................................................................................................................50
III.3. BEVEL ..............................................................................................................................................................52
Hng dn ging dy


IV. BI THC HNH..............................................................................................................................................53
IV.1. LATHE..............................................................................................................................................................54
V. BI THC HNH..............................................................................................................................................55
BI 4 ............................................................................................................................................................................58
LOFT V BOOLEAN........................................................................................................................................................58
TM TT.......................................................................................................................................................................58
I. LOFT ....................................................................................................................................................................59
II. BI THC HNH..................................................................................................................................................63
III. BOOLEAN ........................................................................................................................................................68
BI 5 ............................................................................................................................................................................71
CC LNH C BN TRONG MODIFIER LIST..................................................................................................................71
TM TT.......................................................................................................................................................................71
I. BEND...................................................................................................................................................................72
II. FFD......................................................................................................................................................................73
III. TWIST .............................................................................................................................................................75
IV. TAPER .............................................................................................................................................................76
V. LATTICE ..........................................................................................................................................................77
BI 6 ............................................................................................................................................................................79
CHT LIU C BN.......................................................................................................................................................79
TM TT.......................................................................................................................................................................79
I. CC CHC NNG CA CA S MATERIAL EDITOR..............................................................................................80
I.1. HIN TH S LNG CC CHT LIU TRONG CA S XEM TRC: ......................................................................81
I.2. CHC NNG CC NT LNH XUNG QUANH KHU VC CA S XEM TRC: ...............................................................81
I.3. BNG CON SHADER BASIC PARAMETERS ................................................................................................................83
II. DIFFUSE ..............................................................................................................................................................84
III. SPECULAR.......................................................................................................................................................84
III.1. BNG CON BLINN BASIC PARAMETERS...............................................................................................................85
IV. MT S CHT LIU C BN: ..........................................................................................................................85
IV.1. S DNG MT CHT LIU C SN TRONG TH VIN 3D MAX: ............................................................................85
IV.2. GN HA BITMAP CHO CC THNH PHN CHT LIU:...................................................................................87
IV.3. HA CHECKER.............................................................................................................................................88
IV.4. HA GRADIENT...........................................................................................................................................89
IV.5. HU CNH MI TRNG...................................................................................................................................90
BI 7 ............................................................................................................................................................................92
CHT LIU NNG CAO..................................................................................................................................................92
TM TT.......................................................................................................................................................................92
I. THNH PHN REFLECTION .................................................................................................................................93
II. THNH PHN OPACITY .......................................................................................................................................94
II.1. CHUN B MAP ......................................................................................................................................................94
II.2. BIN TP vA GAN CHT LIU TRONG 3D.................................................................................................................94
III. THNH PHN BUMP........................................................................................................................................97
IV. CHT LIU A HP.......................................................................................................................................102
V. BI THC HNH............................................................................................................................................108
V.1. P NHN HIU CHO HP V TUP KEM BIORE. .....................................................................................................108
VI. CHT LIU RAYTRACE...................................................................................................................................112
VI.1. TO I TNG ............................................................................................................................................112
VI.2. P CHT LIU.................................................................................................................................................112
VII. CC HO TH TC (PROCEDURAL MAPS)...............................................................................................114
VIII. LU GI MT CHT LIU MI......................................................................................................................114
BI 8 ..........................................................................................................................................................................116
THIT K NI THT....................................................................................................................................................116
TM TT.....................................................................................................................................................................116
Hng dn ging dy


BI THC HNH.....................................................................................................................................................117

Hng dn ging dy


GII THIU
Sau khi hon thnh kha hc, hc vin s c kh nng:
V kin trc & trang tr ni tht 3D
Sn phm multimedia CD-ROM
Vi thi lng l 20 tit LT v 34 tit TH c phn b nh sau:
STT BI HC L THUYT THC HNH
1 Bi 1: Tng quan, giao din, mt s lnh, thao tc c bn.
Thc hnh: To cc i tng 3D nguyn sinh v thao tc n gin. To b bn
gh n gin
3 3
2
Bi 2: Align, Array, Mirror, Spacing, Snapshot
Thc hnh: V cu thang, tr in, bn gh,
2 3
3
Bi 3: Shape shape a hp v mt s lnh bin i t i tng 2D ln 3D
Thc hnh: V cy n, ly, khung tranh
3 6
4
Bi 4: Loft, Boolean
Thc hnh: Ly kiu, bnh hoa, mn ca, bn gh kiu,
3 6
5
Bi 5: Cc lnh c bn trong Modifier List
2 3
6
Bi 6: Cht liu c bn
Thc hnh: Kt hp bi tp v i tng v c gn cht liu.
2 3
7
Bi 7: Cht liu nng cao (Bump, flat mirror, multi Sub-object, Opacity,
RayTrace,). To ho UVW Mapping.
Thc hnh: Biore, bnh hoa, ly, chn,
3 6
8
Bi 7: Thit k ni tht 2 4
TNG CNG: 54 20 34

GIO TRNH L THUYT
Gio trnh 3D Studio Max tc gi V TH THANH THY - NGUYN TH MINH HNG xut bn.
TI LIU THAM KHO
3ds Max 5, 3ds Max 6 ca tc gi Lu Triu Nguyn (ch bin)
HNG DN PHN L THUYT

Bi 1
TNG QUAN MT S LNH, THAO TC C BN
Tm tt
L thuyt tit - Thc hnh tit
Mc tiu Cc mc chnh Bi tp bt buc Bi tp lm
thm
- Nm vng giao din v cc thanh
cng c 3D max
- Tng quan v h trc ta trong
khng gian 3 chiu
Mt s thao tc c bn.
- Chn i tng
- Sao chp i tng
I. Gii thiu
II. Khi ng
III. Mn hnh giao din
IV. Cc thao tc c bn

Hng dn ging dy


- Transform i tng

Hng dn ging dy


I. GII THIU
Khi qut cho hc vin c c mt ci nhn chung v chng trnh ny, nh: ng dng, c im, u v khuyt im,...
3D Studio Max l mt trong nhng chng trnh gip to ra v din hot cc vt th 3 chiu, cho php thit t khung cnh m
trong nh sng, bng , s phn chiu, hiu ng ma, sng m, la, khi,c thit t khi cn thit v cui cng cho
php xut ra di cc nh dng nh phim, nh, cc m hnh thc t oPhc v cho vic to cc phim hot hnh, qung co,
thit k cc nhn vt trong cc tr chi (game). Trong xy dng v thit k phi cnh ni ngoi tht. Phc v rt c lc trong vic
thit k cc m hnh h tr cho vic ging dy nh:
V d: Trong c kh; thit k v din hot s hot ng ca mt ng c t trong. Mt h thng lnh, ngi my (robot),
Trong gii phu hc, v d: s chuyn ng ca mu trong c th qua cc mch mu tr v tim
II. KHI NG
Sau khi c ci t thch hp trn my tnh, hy khi ng chng trnh bng cch:
Start\ Programs\ Discreet\ 3ds max6\ 3ds max6
Hoc ta c th double click vo biu tng 3ds max6 trn Desktop
Lu :
3D Max6 i hi cu hnh my tng i mnh, Window SP hoc Window2000 SP3 v ng thi phi km theo chng trnh IE 6. 0
nu s dng Window 2000.
Bn nn c k fileCrack. txt, hng dn cch ci t v cc yu cu ti thiu bn c th s dng chng trnh cch tt nht
trc khi ci t, khi gp cc tr ngi khi hc theo gio trnh ny. Cc hnh minh ha trong gio trnh c chp t Max R6.

III. MN HNH GIAO DIN
III.1. Giao din 3DSMax R6

III.1.1 Title Bar
Thanh cha tn tp tin 3D Studio Max R6 hin hnh.
III.1.2 Menu Bar
Khi qut cho hc vin nm v cc thanh lnh:
- File: Cc lnh v tp tin
- Edit: Mt s lnh h tr (Hold, Fetch)

Viewport
Title Bar Menu Bar MainTool Bar Command Panel

Lock Selection
Time Slider
Transform
Type In
Animation
Button
Viewport
Controls
Hng dn ging dy


- Tool: cc lnh c bn
- Group: Nhm i tng
- View: cc kiu hin th i tng, background, trong vng nhn
- Create: To i tng
- Modifier: Cc lnh chnh sa i tng
- Character: Cc lnh v v din hot nhn vt.
- Reactor: To cc hiu qu c bit
- Animation: Cc lnh v din hot
- Graph Editors: Chnh sa TrackView
- Rendering: Kt xut
- Customize: Cc xc lp chung cho chng trnh 3D Max
- Help: Tr gip
Cc chc nng c bit ca Menu File:
- File \ Reset Khi to li mn hnh chun ca MAX.
- File \ Merge Nhp i tng t mt file *. max khc (cng Version) vo file *. max hin hnh.
- File \ Import Nhp i tng t cc phn mm khc nh AutoCad (*. dwf, *. dwg), Adobe Illustrator (*. AI), t
cc chng trnh 3d xut i tng ra... (*. 3ds.)
- File \ Export Xut i tng ra cc ngun khc (*. 3ds; *. dwg; *. VRML)
- File \ Erefs Object (Tham chiu ngoi) - cho php bn tham chiu mt hoc nhiu i tng t mt hoc nhiu file
khc vo trong khung cnh hin hnh
- File \ Erefs Scenes Cho php tham chiu n ton th khung cnh c chn, Bn cng c th rng buc (bind) khung
cnh c tham chiuvi mt i tng no trong khung cnh, i tng ny tr thnh cha ca khung cnh, v khi
i tng ny di chuyn th khung cnh cng di chuyn theo.
- File \ View file Cho php xem cc file nh (jpg, bmp, tiff, tga) hoc cc file Video (avi, mov).
III.1.3 Main Toolbar

Thanh cng c chnh ca Max, cha mt s biu tng (Icon) th hin mt s lnh thng dng, chn cc lnh bng chut.
Thanh lnh Main Toolbar cha rt nhiu chc nng, do , nu mn hnh phn gii <1280*960px th ta phi dng mouse
cun mn hnh mi c th xem ht cc chc nng (t tr vo phn trng mu xm bt k trn thanh lnh, khi con tr xut hin
hnh bn tay, ta r mouse trt mn hnh qua li chn cng c).
III.1.4 Command Panel
C 6 bng lnh:
Hng dn hc vin tm hiu cc bng lnh. Mi bng c mt b lnh v chc nng ring. Bn c th chuyn i cc bng lnh
bng cch click vo tab thch hp. Vic chuyn i cc bng lnh s hu b cc lnh hin hnh.

Create: To mi

Modify: Hiu chnh

Hierarchy: Ph h

Motion: Chuyn ng

Display: Hin th (n, hin, ng bng, )
Hng dn ging dy


Utility: Tin ch
Bng lnh Create
C 7 dng i tng mi:

Geometry: Khi hnh hc 3 chiu (3D)

Shape: Hnh phng (2D)

Lights: Ngun sng (n)

Cameras: My quay phim (camera)

Helpers: Cng c tr gip

Space Warps: Hiu ng c bit

Sytems: Cc lnh h thng
- Nhnh Geometry:

Standard Primitives: Cc khi hnh hc nguyn sinh chun (Box: Khi hnh hp, Sphere: Khi cu, Cylinder: Khi tr,
teapot: m tr,)
Box

Sphere

Cylinder

Hng dn ging dy


Teapot

Cone

Tupe

. ..
Extended Primitives: Cc khi hnh hc nguyn sinh m rng (chamferbox: khi hnh hp bo gc, hedra: khi a gic
c bit, L-Ext: bc tng dng ch L, )
ChamferBox

Oil Tank

CapSule

ChamferCyl

Hedra

Hng dn ging dy


L-Ext

Hose

. .
Compound Objects: Dng to cc dng m hnh phc tp t cc hnh khi 3D hoc shape 2D c sn (Cc lnh:
Loft, boolean, Morph, Conform, Scatter, )
Paticle Sytems: H thng ht
Patch Grids: M hnh tm Patch
NURBS Surfaces: B mt NURBS
AEC Extended: Cc i tng m rng h tr: Foliage (cy cnh), railing (cc ng ray), wall (bc tng a dng).

Foliage

Railing

Wall

Dynamics Objects: Cc i tng thuc ng lc hc.
Stairs: Cc dng cu thang

LTypeStair

Hng dn ging dy


StraightStair

SpiralStair

UTypeStair

Doors: Cc dng ca chnh (ca i)
PivotDoor

SlidingDoor

BiFoldDoor

Hng dn ging dy


Windows: cc dng ca s.
AwningWindow

FixedWindow

ProjectedWindow

CasementWindow

PivotedWindow

SlidingWindow

- Nhnh Shape:

Hng dn ging dy


Splines: Cc dng hnh hc phng c bn
NURBS: Cc dng ng cong Nurbs.
Mi i tng u c mt s thng s v kch thc, hnh dng ring bit, mun thay i cc thng s ny ta c nhiu cch:
V i tng v chnh sa ngay trn bng lnh Create trc khi hy lnh Create (chn qua cng c khc hoc R-click
hy lnh).
Chn i tng, chn bng lnh Modify, thay i cc thng s cn thit, (Vd: Length: Chiu di, Width: chiu rng,
Height: Chiu cao, Name: Tn i tng, Color: Mu sc ca i tng,).
V cc thng s cho mt i tng i khi cn nhiu thanh cun, cc thanh cun thng l di hn sc cha ca mn hnh, do vy
bn c th dng mouse cun bng cun ln hoc xung bng cch click v drag theo chiu ng vo bt k ni no trng ca
bng cun.
Bng lnh Modify
y l bng lnh v cng quan trng trong 3D Max, v phn ln cc thao tc chnh sa u c thc hin y. Nhn mnh cho
hc vin hiu r v tm quan trng ca bng lnh ny, c bit lu phn danh sch Stack v cc nt lnh xung quanh.
Bng Modify cho php gn cc php hiu chnh ln i tng v iu khin cc thng s lin quan n cc thnh phn ca i
tng cng nh cc thng s ca tng hiu ng.

Khi p php hiu chnh cho i tng, chng trnh s theo di th t ca chng trong danh sch Modifier Stack, c th xem danh
sch Modifier Stack nh l l lch ghi chp li qu trnh hiu chnh vt th.
Hng dn hc vin cch chn mt php hiu chnh trong danh sch Stack v thc hin cc thay i cho php hiu chnh m
khng lm nh hng n cc php hiu chnh nm trn hay bn di n trong danh sch. Tuy nhin, vi mt vi php hiu chnh
nh Edit Mesh, Edit Spline, khi ta thay i hnh dng hnh hc ca cc m hnh li nh di chuyn, xa bt hoc b sung thm mt,
rt d gy ra kt qu ngoi mong mun, khi 3D max s a ra mt hp thoi cnh bo li
Max cho php sp xp li th t cc php hiu chnh trong danh sch bng cch drag chut v th chng ln trn hoc xung di.
V ta cng c th xa hn cc php hiu chnh ra khi danh sch Stack bng cch click vo biu tng (remove modifier from
the stack).
Ta c th i tn cc php hiu chnh trong danh sch b sung thm phn gii thch nu cn, bng cch R-Click ln php hiu
chnh trong danh sch v chn Rename.
V cui cng, ta c th mergett c cc php hiu chnh trong danh sch stack li thnh mt lp duy nht, l Editable Mesh.
Vic ny s lm gim nh gnh nng cho my, khng chim dng nhiu b nh. Nhng d nhin cng s c mt bt tin ca n l
bn s khng th quay li c cc cp hiu chnh trc trong danh sch. C 2 cch lm iu ny:
R-Click ln 1 im bt k trong danh sch stack/ Collapse All
R-click ln i tng/ Convert to/ Convert to Editable Mesh
Lc ny trong danh sch ch cn li ng 1 php hiu chnh, l Editable Mesh.
Modifier
Stack
Hin th kt qu cui
cng
Xa b hiu ng ang
c chn trong ds
Hng dn ging dy


Bng lnh Hierarchy

Bng lnh Motion

Thay i tm
ca i tng
Transform
i tng
nhng tm
ca i
tng vn
khng thay
i
Tr tm v v
tr ban u
Hng dn ging dy


Bng lnh Display

Gn Controller
ca i tng
khi din hot
Hin th
ng chuyn
ng ca di
tng trong
vng nhn khi
c din hot
n i tng
theo tng
danh mc
Hng dn ging dy


Cc chc nng Freeze/UnFreeze tung t nh n i tng, ch khc ch:
Hide: n hn i tng khng cn thy ngoi vng nhn.
Freeze: ng bng i tng, vn cho php thy hnh dng i tng trong vng nhn vi mu xm, nhng khng cho
php chn v c bt k mt tc ng no ln i tng c!
Bng lnh Utility: Bng Utility cha rt nhiu cc tin ch h tr trong qu trnh lm vic vi 3D Max

III.1.5 Khu vc bn di vng nhn:

n i tng
ang c
chn
n i tng
khng c
chn
n i tng
theo tn
Kch vo i
tng no
n /t
Hin th tt
c cc /t
n
Hin th /t
bng cch
chn tn
trong ds
n cc /t c
ng bng
Hng dn ging dy


- Lock selection: Nt lnh dng bt tt ch kha chn la i vi i tng hin hnh.
- Absolute Mode Transform Type-in/ Offset Mode Transform Type-in: Cc thng s gip di chuyn, xc nh v tr
cc i tng mt cch chnh xc.

- B nt din hot: Nt lnh bt tt ch ghi li s din hot ca i tng hin hnh.

- Animation playback control: B nt lnh dng kim tra s din hot ca hot cnh hin hnh.

- Viewport controls
Cc cng c iu khin khung nhn, ph thuc vo loi khung nhn no ang l hin hnh, cc th hin y s thay iVi
chng, bn c th thu phng, dch chuyn v xoay vng nhn.

- Animate Time slider
Thanh trt thi gian dng cho vic din hot cc i tng trong khung cnh

III.1.6 Bng REACTOR:
Gii thiu cho hc vin s lc cc cng c h tr cho vic to cc hiu ng c bit.
III.1.7 Vng nhn (Viewport):
Cc khung nhn cho php bn quan st khung cnh t nhiu gc khc nhau. Nu khng c cc khung nhn bn khng th chn
vt th, p vt liu hay thc thi bt k cng vic no cho khung cnh. Max c bn khung hnh c thit lp mc nh l: Top
(trn), Front (truc), Left (tri), v Perpective (phi cnh).
Thu moi oi tng gon
trong vung nhn hien
hanh
Thu/phong oi tng
ang chon ln gon trong
vung nhn hien hanh
Thu/phong moi oi
tng gon trong tat
ca cac vung nhn .
Thu/phong vung
nhn hien hanh
Thu/phong cac
vung nhn
Phong ln
khu vc re
chon.
Dch chuyen vung
nhn hien hanh
Xoay/ lat vung hien
hanh
Cc ai vung nhn
hien hanh va ngc
lai
Hng dn ging dy


Layout cc vng nhn:
Kch phi mouse vo nhn vng nhn\ Viewport Configuration\ ChnTab Layout. Hoc vo Menu Customize\ Configuration.
Chn kiu vng nhn thch hp O. k

Chuyn i gia cc vng nhn
Ngoi 4 vng nhn mc nh, Max cn cung cp cc vng nhn khc nh Bottom (di), Back (Sau), Right (Phi), User (ngui dng)
& Cameras (cc vng camera) Bn c th chuyn i cc vng nhn ny bng hai cch:
- Cch 1:
Click phi vo nhn vng nhn mun chuyn i thnh vng nhn khc, ti Menu x ra i ti lnh View, v chn vng nhn mun
chuyn i.
Hng dn ging dy


- Cch 2: Khuyn khch hc vin s dng cch ny thao tc c nhanh chng hn.
Nhanh chng hn, bn ch cn g phm tt cho cc vng nhn khi mun chuyn i, c th nh sau:
VNG NHN Phm tt VNG NHN Phm tt
TOP T BOTTOM B
LEFT L

RIGHT Alt-R
FRONT F BACK B
PERFECTIVE P USER U
CAMERA C
Ch hin th cc i tng trong vng nhn:
Kch phi mouse vo nhn vng nhn\ Chn cc kiu hin th khc nhau:

Smooth + Hightlights: Ch t bng (F3)

WireFrame: Dng khung dy (F3)

Smooth: i tng hin th dng trn
nhng khng bng

Facets + Hightlights: i tng hin th
dng mt sc cnh v c bng.
Hng dn ging dy


Facets: i tng hin th dng mt
sc cnh nhng khng c bng.

Lit Wireframes: i tng hin th
dng khung dy.

Bounding Box: i tng hin th
dng khung hnh vung.

Edged Faces: i tng hin th
dng mt sc cnh v ng vin cnh

Hng dn ging dy


Cung cp v khuyn khch hc vin s dng mt s phm tt thng dng nhm gip thao tc nhanh hn:
STT CHC NNG LNH PHM TT

CHUYN I GIA CC VNG NHN
1. Top T
2. Bottom B
3. Left L
4. Right Alt-R
5. Front F
6. Back B
7. User U
8. Camera C

CC PHM TT IU KHIN VNG NHN
9. Zoom viewport in (Phng to) [
10. Zoom viewport out (Thu nh) ]
11.
Zoom Mode (chn cng c Zoom)
Alt + Z
12.
Zoom Region Mode (phng to 1 khu vc)
Ctrl + W
13.
Zoom Extents Selected (Cc i i tng c chn trong
v/n hin hnh)
Z
14.
Zoom Extents (Xem tt c cc I tng trong v/n hin
hnh)
Ctrl + Alt + Z
15.
Zoom Extents All
Ctrl + Shift + Z
16.
Cc i 1 vng nhn
Alt + W
17. WireFrame/ Smooth & HightLight F3
18. Smooth & HightLight + Edge F4
19.

III.1.8 PHM TT KHI DIN HOT
20. Bt/Tt AutoKey N
21. Play /
22. Next Frame .
23. Privious Frame ,
24. V Frame u Home
25. V Frame cui End

III.1.9 MT S CNG C C BN
26.
Select and Move
W
27.
Select and Rotate
E
28.
Select and Scale
R
29.
Select By Name
H
30.
Material Editor
M
31.
Kha chn
SpaceBar
32.
Snap
S
33.
Undo Scene Operation (cc thao tc trn i tng)

Ctrl + Z
34.
Redo Scene Operation
Ctrl + Y
Hng dn ging dy


35.
Undo ViewPort (cc thao tc trn vng nhn: xoay, lt,
zoom, )
Shift + Z
IV. CC THAO TC C BN
IV.1. Thao tc chn i tng ti vng nhn:

- Chn mt i tng: Click tri i tng cn chn.
- Chn nhiu i tng (t): Chn t th nht nhn gi phm Ctrl, chn ln lt cc t khc. (Hoc r chn bao quanh khu
vc cc t mun chn).
- Chn theo tn: Chn cng c Select By name hoc bm phmH click chn tn ca t mun chn trong danh sch
click nt Select.

- B chn tt c i tng: Click tri ra vng nhn.
- B chn mt vi i tng trong tp chn: Nhn gi Alt, click tri ln lt cc i tng mun b ra khi tp chn.
- Hy b i tng: chn i tng, g phm Delete.
- Ngoi ra bn cng c th s dng cc lnh chn la trong menu Edit (xem hnh)
Chn theo tng loi i tng (Shape, geometry,)
Chn i tng (Select Tool)
Chn theo tn i tng
Cc kiu drag mouse chn i tng
Drag 1 phn hay bao trn i tng chn t
Chn v di chuyn i tng (Select and Move Tool)
Hng dn ging dy


IV.2. Copy i tng
Chn cng c Select and Move, bm gi shift v kch hoc drag mouse, xut hin 1 hp thoi:

Chn kiu copy:
- Copy: i tng c Copy c lp hon ton vi i tng gc
- Instance: i tng c Copy c mi quan h 2 chiu vi i tng gc, ngha l khi ta thay i thuc tnh i tng ny
th i tng kia t ng i theo
- Reference: i tng c Copy c mi quan h 1 chiu vi i tng gc, ngha l i tng c to ra s thay i khi
ta thay i i tng gc.
- Number of copies: S lng cc i tng cn copy
- Name: t tn cho i tng c copy.
Hoc chn menu Edit/ Clone, xut hin hp thoi:

Tng t, ta la chn kiu Copy v bm Ok.
IV.3. Transform i tng
- Select and Move: Di chuyn i tng
- Select and Rotate: Xoay i tng
- Select and Scale: Co gin i tng

Hng dn ging dy


Da theo mu trc RGB ln lt l XYZ transform i tng ni chung cho c 3 php Move, Rotate v Scale.
IV.3.1 Select and Move
Di chuyn t do
Chn lnh Select and Move , kch vo i tng, di chuyn mouse vo 1 trong 3 trc thch hp, trc no c mu vng th s
di chuyn theo trc , r n v tr mi.

Di chuyn chnh xc:
Chn i tng, Chn v R-click vo cng c Select and Move truy cp hp thoi Move Transform Type In

Khu vc Absolute: Nhp cc gi tr tuyt i chnh xc theo cc trc ta .
V d: sau khi to i tng mun a i tng v chnh gia tm ta th gii th g cc gi tr x = 0, y= 0, z = 0 vo khu
vc Absolute.
Khu vc Offset: nhp cc gi tr theo cch tnh tin.
V d: Bn mun di chuyn i tng t v tr hin hnh bn phi 50 n v (theo chiu ngang) m khng cn quan tm n v tr
hin ti, th hy nhp cc gi tr x=50, y=0, z=0 vo khu vc offset
Hoc ta c th nhp thng s chnh xc vo khu vc Absolute/ Offset Mode Transform Type-In bn di mn hnh:

IV.3.2 Select and Rotate
Xoay t do:
Chn lnh Select and Rotate, kch vo i tng, di chuyn mouse vo 1 trong 3 trc thch hp, trc no c mu vng th s xoay
theo trc , drag mouse xoay. Ta c th quan st gc xoay trong khi ang drag mouse v ch c vng nhn phi cnh mI
c th xoay c c 3 trc.
Di chuyn
Xoay
Co gin ng nht
Co gin 1 chiu
nn
Hng dn ging dy


Xoay chnh xc:
Chn i tng, Chn v R-click vo cng c Select and Rotate truy cp hp thoi Rotate Transform Type In:

Ta c th nhp thng s vo 2 khu vc Absolute hoc Offset tng t nh bng Move transform Type In
IV.3.3 Select and Uniform Scale
Co gin t do:
Chn cng c Select and Uniform Scale v drag mouse trc tip ln I tng, quan st thng s gc di ca mn hnh.

Co gin chnh xc:
Tng t nh cc lnh transform trn, ta cng Chn v R-click vo cng c Select and Uniform Scale truy cp hp thoi Scale
Transform Type In:

V cng vi cch lm tng t ta c th lm vic vi 2 cng cSelect and None Uniform Scale (co gin khng ng nht
co gin theo trc) v Select and Squash(nn).
V. H TRC TA
V.1. Ta
y l phn kh quan trng trong chng trnh, v phi hiu c h trc mi c th thao tc vi i tng mt cch d dng. V
do phi ging k, y cng li l mt lnh vc kh mi m v tru tng nn cn phi chn la t ng din t n gin, gn
gi hc vin d hiu, c th kt hp hnh tng trong thc t d hnh dung.
Hng dn ging dy


Trong khng gian 3D, phm vi nh nht c th (chim ch) l im. Mi im c xc nh bng mt b duy nht gm ba thng
s, gi l ta . V d, ta 0, 0, 0 xc nh tm im ca khng gian 3D, cng cn gi l gc ta . Mi im trong khng
gian my tnh c ba gi tr ta , i din cho v tr ti chiu cao, chiu rng, chiu su ca im . Nh vy mi ta i din
cho mt trc ring trong khng gian my tnh.
V.2. Trc _Axis
Trc l mt ng thng tng tng trong khng gian my tnh nhm xc nh mt hng. Ba trc chun trong MAX gi l trc
X, Y, v Z (xem hnh). Trong MAX bn c th xem nh trc X l chiu rng, trc Y l chiu di, v trc Z l chiu cao. Giao im
ca ba trc ny trong MAX l gc ta (0, 0, 0). Nu bn v mt im cch xa 1 n v dc theo pha bn phi ca trc X, im
s l 1, 0, 0 (mt n v c th l n v bt k no bn mun nh l mt foot, mt inch, mt milimet, hoc mt centimet).
Nu bn dch chuyn im thm 1 n v na v cng mt hng, ta ca n s l 2, 0, 0 v v. vNu bn i v pha tri
ca gc ta , im u tin s l 1, 0, 0, im tip theo s l (2, 0, 0) v. vTng t nh vy cho cc trc khc, khi bn di
chuyn ln pha trn ca trc Y, to mang gi tr dng, ngc li l gi tr m
Truc Y
Truc Z
Truc X

Trc l mt ng thng tng tng trong khng gian 3D nhm xc nh mt hng. Ba trc chun dng trong MAX c gi l
X, Y, v Z.
Khi bn xoay mt i tng, ba yu t nh hng n kt qu l:
- H ta hin hnh (World, View, Local hay Screen..)
- V tr ca im lm tm xoay (cn gi l im cht_Pivot Point)
- Trc no c chn xoay i tng quanh n.
iu ny cng ng khi s dng cc lnh thu phng khng ng nht, v lnh nn
Cc php bin i (Tranform) da vo cc trc (Axis) v vng nhn (Viewport)
y l mt vn c bn rt quan trng trong MAX, hu ht cc php bin i nh di chuyn (move), xoay (rotate), v thu phng
(scale) u s dng h ta vng nhn (View Coordinate) nh h ta mc nh ca chng. Vi h ta view ny cc trc
c th hin ti cc vng nhn phng (Top, Front, Left) theo cch nh sau: trc X ngang, trc Y dc, v trc Z th vung gc vi
hai trc XY, y chnh l h trc ta Screen trong MAX.
Ti vng nhn phi cnh (Perspective), h ta li th hin trc X chiu ngang, trc Y chiu su (chiu di), v trc Z l dc
(chiu cao, y l h to th gii World trong MAX
Ti cc vng nhn phng bn c th di chuyn i tng theo hai trc X, hoc Y, nhng trc Z th khng, (iu ny hay gy bi ri
cho cc bn mi lm quen vi MAX, v khng hiu sao vi cng c di chuyn, m li khng x dch c i tng!, mt gii thch
n gin y, l vi h ta view th i tng ti cc vng nhn phng khng th di chuyn theo trc Z c, bi v bn khng
th li i tng ra khi mn hnh vi tnh! Trc Z vung gc vi hai trc X, Y v hng ra trc mt bn!trong khi ti vng phi
cnh perfective th khng gp tr ngi g vi c 3 trc)
Hng dn ging dy


V.3. Cc h trc ta
H ta World: s dng trc
ng trong cc vng lun l trc
Z, ngang l X, v chiu su l
trc Y.

z
x
y

H ta Screen: s dng
trc ng trong cc vng lun l
trc Y, ngang l X, v chiu su
l trc Z

y
x
z

H ta View: l s kt hp gia h ta World v Screen
Ti cc vng nhn trc giao (top, bottom, front, back, left, right) cc trc c s dng
nh ti h ta Screen.
Ti cc vng nhn phi cnh 3D (perfective, user, camera) th cc trc li c s dng
nh ti h ta World
H ta Local, (cc b), h ta ny s dng cc ta cc b ca i tng
c chn, thc s hu dng khi phng hng ca mt i tng khng cn ging vi
h ta World na.
H ta Pick, l h ta linh hot nht trong 3dsMax, n cho php s dng h
ta ca bt c i tng no bn chn trong khung cnh.
H ta Parent (cha), lm vic y nh h ta Pick, nhng cc i tng trong
cnh phi c lin kt vi nhau. Cc i tng con s s dng h trc ta ca i
tng cha.
Nu mt i tng khng c cha, cc to th gii World, s c s dng, bi theo
mc nh, mt i tng khng c kt ni s l con ca th gii.
V.4. iu chnh Tm ca php bin i.
Biu tng Gizmo bin i lun nm ti tm bin i ca i tng. Tm bin i ny c gi l im cht (Pivot Point). Tt c
cc i tng u c lm bin i trong mi tng quan vi im cht ny. im cht c bit quan trng khi bn thc hin
lnh xoay. Cc iu chnh cho im cht nm ti Main Toolbar, bn cnh hp danh sch th xung ca cc h trc ta tham
chiu (xem hnh). Cc nt lnh cho php bn xc lp v tr im cht ca h ta tham chiu.
MAX cung cp ba loi iu chnh im cht:
- Use Pivot Point Center (tm ca im cht)
Mi i tng trong Max c mt h ta cc b ca ring n. Gc ca h ta cc b ny c gi l im cht, thng nm
ti tm y ca i tng. y l v tr mc nh. Khi bn chn mt h ta khc, chng lun c gc ta ti im cht, nhng
phng hng th khc nhau.
V d: Chn cng lc 2 i tng, mi i tng c mt tm ring, khi xoay, chng s xoay theo tm xoay ca ring mnh.
Hng dn ging dy


- Use Selection Center (tm ca tp chn) :
Khi bn chn nhiu i tng, loi ty chn ca tm im cht s khng cn d s dng na. Ty chn ny xc nh im cht
nm ngay ti tm hnh hc ca cc i tng ang c chn, v khi xoay, tt c cc i tng s s dng tm chung gia cc i
tng.

- Use Transform Coordinate Center (tm ca h ta php bin i)
Khi bn chn mt h ta tham chiu, n c th c mt tm im ring. V d, ty chn h ta World c tm im ti 0, 0, 0.

Thay i v tr im cht (tm xoay)
thay i hn v tr im cht ca mt i tng, chn i tng , ri click bng lnh Hiarechy (ph h), ni bn c th tm
thy cc iu chnh cho im cht.
- Affect Pivot Only
Ch lm bin i im cht ca i tng m thi, bn khng th di chuyn, xoay, scale khi hnh hc khi nt lnh ny c bt.
Mt biu tng c bit xut hin bn thc hin cc php bin i (di chuyn, xoay, scale) cho im cht.
- Affect Object Only
Ngc li vi lnh Affect Pivot Only. y im cht vn gi nguyn v tr, bn lm bin i trn i tng ty .
- Center to Object
Ging cho im cht tr v gia tm ca i tng hin hnh
- Align to Object
Ging cho cc trc X, Y, Z ca im cht trng khp vi cc trc X, Y, Z ca h to cc b c chn.
- Align to World
Ging cc trc X, Y, Z ca im cht trng khp vi h ta th gii
Hng dn ging dy


- Reset Pivot
nh tr li im cht v v tr mc nh
C rt nhiu trng hp bn cn phi ri i v tr im cht cho mt i tng. Khi bn nhp mt i tng t mt chng trnh
khc, bn thng phi dng n bng lnh ny, v thng th im cht ca i tng c nhp vo cha sn sng nm ngay ti
tm ca n u.
VI. BI THC HNH
Qua bi tp ny, hng dn cho hc vin lm quen vi cc thao tc c bn, lm vic vi cc vng nhn, v cc i tng 3D
nguyn sinh v sp xp chng theo mt v tr tng i theo mu.
- u tin, ta to 1 Box ti vng nhn Top
lmSn nh
- a i tng v tm ta
X, Y, Z = 0, 0, 0

V/n (Vng nhn) Top, v 1 ChamferBox
lm chn bn

V/n Top, Copy ra thnh 4 chn bn (Chn
cng c Selcet & Move, bm gi phm
Shift v drag mouse, )
(Copy trc 1 chn bn theo trc Y
Tip tc chn c 2 chn bn, bm gi
phm Shift, drag copy sang phi theo trc
X)

V/n Top, tip tc v 1 chamferBox lm
mt bn V/n Front, di chuyn mt bn
ln trn chn bn (v khi mi to 1 i
tng trong v/n Top, i tng s nm
ngay trnsn nh)

Hng dn ging dy


V/n Top, v 1 Plane lmtm knhtrn
mt bn, di chuyn ln trn mt bn theo
vng nhn Front (Trc Y)

V/n Top, gia mt bn, ta v 1 ngi sao
bo gc (Create/ Shape/ Star)

To b dy vi lnh Extrude: Modifier/
Extrude=1

V/n Top v 1 Teapot, V/n Front: Scale 1
chiu ( ) theo trc Y to dng
thanh mnh 1 cht!

To 4 chicbtung tr:
- V/n Top v 1 Sphere, Hemisphere = 0. 5
- V/n Front, Mirror theo trc Y, di chuyn
ln trn mt bn.
- Copy ra thnh 4 chic bt (tng t
cch Copy chn bn).

To 4 chicgh n:
V/n Top to 1 i tng chamferbox nh
mu, a ln trn mt sn v copy ra 4
i tng xung quanh bn.

Hng dn ging dy


Hng dn ging dy


BI 2
PHP BIN I ALIGN ARRAY MIRROR
SPACING SNAPSHOT

Tm tt
thm
Trang b cho hc vin kin thc c
bn v cc thao tc ging hng, to
dy, lt i xng,
Qua y, hc vin c th to c
cc i tng n gin (nh: thang
lu, bn, gh n gin,) mt cch
chnh xc.
I. Align
II. Array
III. Mirror
IV. Spacing
V. Snapshot

Hng dn ging dy


I. ALIGN
Lnh Align c dng ging mt i tng ny theo mt i tng khc.
Thao tc:
- Chn i tng mun ging (Current object)
- Click chn lnh Align
- Click vo i tng chun (Target object). Xut hin hp thoi Align Selection

Tu theo vng nhn no ang hin hnh m cc v tr ging ti y s hot ng tng ng theo cc trc ca vng .
V d: ang chn vng nhn Front
- i vi trc X:
Min: Cc tri
Max: Cc phi
- i vi trc Y:
Min: Cc di
Max: Cc trn
V d:
V tr ban u
(m tr v khi hp nm 2
v tr rt t do khng c bt
k s ging hng no)

Hng dn ging dy


Khi ta mun ging m tr ln
gia mt trn ca khi hp, ta
chn vng nhn Top, chn m
tr, chn cng c Align v kch
chn khi hp xc lp cc
thng s sau Ok

Nh th ny th cc bn ch
mi ging c m tr vo
gia khi hp trong vng nhn
Top m thi!

Th quan st kt qu vng
nhn Perspective xem! V c
th hn na l vng nhn Front
hoc Left. By gi ta phi lm
th no kom tr ln trn
bng vng nhn Front (Trc Y)
hoc Top (Trc Z). Nu cha
quen lm vic vi trc, ta nn
chn vng nhn Front s d
quan st hn:

By gi ta c th t tin m
quan st c 4 vng nhn v c
th xoay vng nhn Perspective
quan st t mi pha!

Vi cch tnh tng t, ta c th p dng cch ging hng ny cho nhiu i tng khc,
chc bn thnh cng! (Hy thc tp bng cch t t ra yu cu v t gii quyt yu cu
!)
II. MIRROR
Lnh dng lt hay to ra i xng i tng
Thao tc:
Chn i tng cn lt i xng, trn thanh cng c chnh, kch chn cng c , xut hin hp thoi
Hng dn ging dy


- Mirror Axis: Chn trc lt
- Offset: khong cch tnh tin khi lt i xng.
- Clone Selection: La chn hnh thc nhn bn
Tr ty chnNo clone, ba ty chn cn li s sao ra mt i tng khc i xng vi i tng hin hnh, ti trc m n c
chn (vi mt mi quan h khc nhau). (H trc c s dng l h trc to khng gian)
- Mirror IK Limits: lt i xng cc gii hn IK hay khng
V d: Lt i xng mt m tr trong vng nhn Front theo trc X

III. ARRAY
Lnh Array cho php bn to nhiu bn sao ca i tng theo kiu trn hay kiu li. Bn c th to dy theo mt chiu, hai
chiu hay ba chiu. V bn cng c th xc lp cc i tng to ra theo dy l Copy, Instance hay References.
Cho php iu chnh khong cch ca cc thnh phn trong dy, v c tnh chnh xc chi tit khong cch ca tng i tng
(Incremental) hay tnh theo tng khong cch (total). Bng cch click vo cc mi tn nm gia Incremental v Total, bn c th
chuyn i gia hai cch tnh, Ty chn ny c th p cho cc lnh Move, Rotate, hay Scale trong vic to dy.
Thao tc:
- Chn 1 i tng bt k mun to dy (2D, 3D, )
- Xc nh tm (Bng lnh Hiearachy / Affect Pivot Only)
- Sau khi xc nh tm ng v tr, ta tt chc nngAffect Pivot Only.
- Kch phi mouse vo khong trng bt k trn thanh cng c chnh m bng Extras (Hoc c th vo Menu Tools/
Array)

- Chn cng c Array xut hin hp thoi:
Hng dn ging dy


- Incremental: Tnh chi tit (gia cc i tng vi nhau trong dy)
- Totals: Tnh tng th (tnh tng gi tr - khong cch, gc xoay, ca ton b cc i tng trong dy)
V theo mc nh th chng trnh s sn sng cho ch tnh chi tit, nu mun chuyn sang ch tnh tng th th ta ch cn
kch vo mi tn pha bn phi ca mc tng ng (Move, Rotate hay Scale). V ngc li, nu mun chuyn t ch tnh tng
th v ch tnh chi tit th ta kch vo mi tn bn tri
- Type of Object: Cho php la chn cch thc nhn bn l Copy, Instance hay Reference
- Array Dimentions:
1D: To dy 1 chiu

2D: To dy 2 chiu

3D: To dy 3 chiu

IV. BI THC HNH
- Incremental: X = 30
- Array Demension:
1D: Count = 5
- Array Demension:
1D: Count = 5
2D: Count = 5; Y = 30
- Array Demension:
1D: Count = 5
2D: Count = 5; Y = 30
3D: Count = 5; Z = 20
Hng dn ging dy


V chic bn kiu nh sau:

Hy bt u bngphn c
bit nhtca chic bn!
V/n Top, to 1 Box vi kch
thc sau:

V/n Top, kch lnh Array v xc lp cc thng s nh sau

Ok, ta s nhn c kt qu ngay!
Hng dn ging dy


Tip theo, ta to mt di
ca chic bn bng cng c
Cylinder

V Cone lm chn bn,
ging tm ca Cone vo
gia mt di ca chic bn

Vi Cone ang c chn,
ta ng dng lnh Array
nhn bn ra thnh 5 chn
bn xoay xung quanh mt
bn.
Rotate Total: Z=360
o
Count = 5

Hng dn ging dy


Tip tc to 1 Cylinder lm
tr , ging hng theo hnh
mu

V cui cng ta Copy mt
bn nh pha di lm mt
bn chnh v tng gi tr
Radius

V. SPACING
Va nhn bn i tng va phn tn theo 1 ng dn nh sn.
Thao tc:
To 1 i tng 2D (A) dng lm ng dn (Line, cirle, ) v 1 i tng 3D (B) mun phn tn theo ng dn.
- Chn i tng B
- Kch phi mouse vo khong trng bt k trn thanh cng c chnh m bng Extras
Hng dn ging dy


- Chn cng c Spacing Tool bn trong hp x Array xut hin hp thoi Spacing:

- Kch lnhPick Pathv sau click chn ng dn
- Xc nh s lng cc i tng nhn bn hp Count
- Kch lnh Apply.
- Close
V d 1:
Ta to mt ng dn hnh tri tim v mt khi cu Sphere

V d 2: V chic gh da
Spacing
Hng dn ging dy


VI. SNAPSHOT
L cng c chp hnh nhanh to mt vi bn sao, ghi li trng thi chuyn ng theo thi gian ca mt i tng.
Thao tc:
- To v din hat 1 i tng bt k.
- Kch phi mouse vo khong trng bt k trn thanh cng c chnh m bng Extras

- Chn cng c Snapshot bn trong hp x Array xut hin hp thoi Snapshot:

Hng dn ging dy


From: Gi tr Frame u tin ca on din hot mun ghi nhn
To: Gi tr Frame cui cng ca on din hot mun ghi nhn
Copies: S i tng mun copy ra t dy chuyn ng
Nu chn ty chn Mesh, cc vt th c to ra s c lp v khng c hot cnh.
Hng dn ging dy


BI 3
SHAPE HIU CHNH SHAPE
Tm tt
thm
Cung cp cho hc vin kin thc c
bn v cc lnh chnh sa cc i
tng 2D (ng nt v cc i
tng trong nhnh Shape). ng
thi, cung cp mt s lnh c bn
chuyn i i tng 2D thnh
3D (Extrude, Bevel Profile, Bevel v
Lathe). Qua , hc vin c th to
c cc i tng cao cp, phc
tp hn mt cht nh: Bn kiu, ly,
l hoa, khung tranh,
I. Gii thiu Shape
II. Chnh sa shape (Vi cc cp : Vertex,
Segment v Spline).
III. Mt s lnh c bn chuyn i i tng
2D thnh 3D (Extrude, Bevel Profile, Bevel
v Lathe)

Hng dn ging dy


I. GII THIU CC SHAPE
C 11 nt lnh to shape, t lnh to ng thng (line) ti lnh to vng xun c (herlix).., cch to cc shape ny gn ging nh
ti cc phn mm 2D khc nh Corel Draw, Page Maker, Illustrator,..

Khi hy kim mc Start New Shape, v to cc Shapes, th tt c cc shapes ny ch l mt i tng.
Bn t tn v chn mu cho shape ti thanh cun Name and Color
Mc nh cc shapes trong Max c to ra s khng nhn thy khi render (kt xut). Nu bn cn hin th shapes cho vic kt xut
ca mnh (M bng lnh Modify \ click m thanh cun General, kim vo Renderable (c th kt xut c), vi dy nt l bao
nhiu th nhp gi tr vo hp Thickness.
ng thi nu mun cho shape trn tru hn hy tng gi tr Step.
iu c bit trong cc cng c to shape l kh nng li nt vin ca mt khi 3D no bng lnh Section, ty theo bn r
v Section ti vng nhn no th nt v li i tng 3D s c to ra ti vng nhn . Xem v d cc hnh dui.
V d

Hnh ch nhat
Hnh Ellipse
Hnh vong
xuyen
Ngoi sao
Vong tron oc
ng thang
Vong tron
Vong cung
a giac
Ch
o net
2 . Chon am tra, click lenh
Section trong bang Shape , click
va re tai vung nhn Front, ve
mot net mau vang bao quanh
am tra va mot bieu tng cua
Section c tao ra.
1 . Tao mot am
tra tai tam toa
o (top)
5 . Vi lenh di chuyen,
3 . Bat tab
lenh Modify
va ti thanh
cuon Section
Parameters,
click nut
Create
Shape.
4 . Tai hop thoai tren
nhap ten cho shape mi,
ma Section va o c. /
OK.
Hng dn ging dy


II. HIU CHNH SHAPE
Cn ch trng ging k phn ny v y cng l phn quan trng ca chng trnh 3D. L mt nn tng to cc i tng t
n gin n phc tp.
Bng cch to cc shapes c sn qua 11 nt lnh ni trn, bn c th to ra v s cc hnh dng shape khc na. Max coi cc
spline nh l hnh shape. Mt hoc nhiu spline c th c kt hp to ra cc hnh shape phc tp hn.
Nt lnh Start New Shape nm phn trn ca bng cun Object Type, nu khng c kim nhn th tt c cc spline bn to ra
u l mt shape, ngc li khi Start New Shape c kim tc l mi mt thao tc to Spline u to ra mt shape mi
Bt k hnh shape c to ra t lnh Line no cng c t ng pht sinh nh mt Spline c th chnh sa (Editable Spline
Spline c th chnh sa l loi Spline bn c th hiu chnh n cp th cp). Tuy nhin cc ng spline khc nh vng trn,
text, vng cung,phi c chuyn i tr thnh mt spline c th chnh sa, bng cch click phi vo mt spline, chn
lnhConvert to Editable Spline

Sau khi chuyn i spline sang ch c th chnh sa, bn c th truy cp tt c cc thnh phn th cp ca spline nh vertex
(nh), on segment v bn thn Splines
Hiu chnh spline cp th cp cho php bn thc hin cc chc nng c bit.
Attach, cho php bn gn mt hoc nhiu spline vo mt shape hin hnh
Trong bng cun General ca bng lnh Editable Spline, bn c th iu chnh cc ty chn ni suy ca mt spline trong mt shape
hin hnh. Bn cng c th xc lp cc ty chn render cho spline bng cch gn cho spline mt dy (thickness) khi chng
render.

Hu ht cc lnh hiu chnh spline u c th truy cp nhanh chng nu bn click phi vo ng spline ang c chn ngoi
cch truy cp ti bng modify.
II.1. Hiu chnh spline cp nh (Vertex)
Cp u tin v quan trng bn c th tinh chnh spline. Truy cp cp ny bng cch chn Vertex trong hp danh sch
Stack hoc click biu tng Vertex pha di bng conSelection
Hin th dy
ca i tng
ngoi v/n
Cho
php
Hng dn ging dy


Khi cp th cp nh c kch hot, cc i tng m bn c th chn trong khung cnh ch l cc nh (vertex) ca ng
spline ang chn m thi. iu ny c ngha nu bn mun chn i tng khc ngoi spline hin hnh bn phi tt ch !, Khi
nt ny cn bt cc nh c chn s i sang mu v mt k hiu king ba trc xut hin. Ph thuc vo loi tip tuyn m
nh ny ang s dng, bn cng c th nhn c cc tay nm tip tuyn mu xanh l cy.

Bng cch click phi vo mt nh ang c chn, bn c th thay i loi tip tuyn ang c s dng bi nh .
C 4 loi tip tuyn cho mt nh l:
- Corner (nhn)
- Smooth (trn tru)
- Bezier (nt trn vi hai tay nm ph thuc)
- Bezier Corner (nt trn vi hai tay nm c lp)
Hng dn ging dy


Cc lnh thng s dng khi hiu chnh cp nh:
- Cross Insert: Trong trng hp m bn c hai ng spline trong cng mt hnh shape ct nhau. Vi lnh Cross Insert bn
c th chn mt nh ti giao im ca chng. Nt cun nm k bn cho php nh khong cch ti a gia cc spline ny
c th chn thm nh cho chng
- Fillet: cho php bn chn mt nh no v to ra mt ng lun cong. Nt cun k bn s nh kch c cho on cong
. Chn nh v drag nt cun to ra on ln cong
- Chamfer: Ging nh lnh Fillet nhng to ra mt cnh vt thng ngay ti nh gc .
- Bind/Unbind: Trong mt vi trng hp, bn s mun ni im cui ca mt ng spline ny ti im gia ca mt spline
khc trong cng mt shape. Khi bn Bind (rng buc) mt nh, n s i sang mu en bit trng thi ang b rng buc
ca n. Lnh Unbind g rng buc cho nh b bind.
- Refine: thm nh, chn lnh click vo im trn spline m bn mun thm nh.
- Insert: cng l lnh cho php thm nh, nhng khng dt lnh ngay sau khi bn click ln trn spline, m cho php bn di
chuyn n v tr mi v thm nh mi, c th cho n khi bn click phi th thi.
- Weld: cho php hn gn hai nh li thnh mt nh chung. Chn hai nh mun Weld, click lnh Weld.
- Connect: cho php ni hai nh ca mt spline h thnh mt spline ng kn bng cch to ra mt ng thng ni hai nh
li. Chn lnh, click vo mt trong hai nh a mouse sang nh cn li mouse s chuyn sang k hiu cho php kt ni,
click tri
- Make first: xc nh im u tin cho mt spline.
- Break: tch nh
II.2. Hiu chnh spline cp on (Segment)
Ti hp danh sch th xung bn cnh Sub-Object chn segment cho php bn tinh chnh spline cp on. Cc lnh hiu
chnh cp ny l:
- Devide: chia on, chn on mun chia, g gi tr cn chia vo hp bn cnh lnh devide, sau cng click lnh devide.
- Detach: tch on, cho php tch on ang chn ra theo nhiu ch khc nhau
same shp: tch ra nhng vn l thnh vin ca spline hin hnh
copy: tch ra bng cch sao on ang chn thnh mt shape mi.
- Hide: giu on ang chn
Hng dn ging dy


- Delete: xo b on ang chn
II.3. Hiu chnh spline cp chu tuyn (spline)
Chn cp Spline ti Sub-Object cho php hiu chnh shape cp ny.
Ni chung hu ht cc hiu chnh u din ra cp nh hoc cp spline. Vic hiu chnh nh (vertex) c s dng tinh
chnh hnh dng ca ng spline. Trong khi vic hiu chnh cp spline c s dng kt hp hai hoc nhiu spline vi
nhau to thnh mt spline mi.
- Mirror: lt i xng spline hin hnh, chn spline mun lt, kim nhn copy (nu mun spline i xng c sao ra t spline
gc) v trc mun lt, click lnh mirror,
- Outline: to ra mt bn sao song song vi spline hin hnh. Khong cch gia spline gc v bn sao song song c nh
bng nt cun k bn hoc bng cch drag chut.
- Reverse: dng o ngc th t ca cc nh trong mt spline
- Trim v Extend: s dng ct (trim) cc phn spline bng mt spline khc, cng nh dui di chng (Extend)
- Boolean: cc spline giao nhau s c cng, tr hoc ch li phn giao nhau khi s dng lnh ny. Chn spline mun
boolean, click chn ch s boolean (Union (cng), Subtraction (tr), hoc Intersec (giao), click lnh boolean v click vo
spline cn li bn ngoi ang giao vi spline gc.
- Detach & Attach: Tch (hoc kt hp) mt chu tuyn ra khi (thm vo) shape hin hnh.
III. MT S LNH C BN CHUYN MT I TNG 2D THNH MT I TNG 3D
III.1. Extrude
Thao tc To khi:
- Chn i tng Shape (2D) mun to khi
- Bng lnh Modify/ Modifier List/ Extrude

S phn on
ca khi

ng kn 2 u
ca khi

su ca
khi
Danh sch
Stack: Cha
cc hiu ng
Modifier
gn cho i
tng

Xa hiu ng
ang chn
Danh sch cha
cc hiu ng
modifier
Hng dn ging dy


III.2. Bevel profile
Bevel Profile l mt hnh thc vt cnh hoc trt vng theo bin dng.
s dng lnh ny ta cn phi c 2 i tng shape: Mt hnh shape dng lm ng dn (hnh shape bin dng) v hnh shape
cn li s s dng lm tit din (hnh shape c s).
Thao tc:
Chn ng dn Modifier/ Bevel Profile Pick Profile Kch chn Shape tit din

Bi thc hnh: thit k khung hnh
V mt ct ngang ca khung hnh theo cc buc sau y:

8/ V hnh ch nht ti vng front, sau khi Zoom nh khung nhn ny li.
9/ Click bng lnh Modify, click nt More, chn Bevel Profile trong danh sch/ OK.
10/ Click nt Pick Profile, click chn shape va to trn. (hnh 3. 2) l mt ct ngang
ca khung tranh c ly vo v to thnh khi 3D quanh mt hnh ch nht.)
11/ Ti bng Modify, bt nt Sub-Object, truy cp th cp ca mt Bevel Profile, l
mt ct (shape) va ly vo trn mt rectangle.
1 / Rectangle
L=200, W=170
Convert to Editable
2 / Chuyen tiep tuyen
hai nh tren thanh
Corner
3/ Chen them mot nh
tai gia canh huyen cua
tam giac tren
4/ ieu chnh
hai tay nam cua
nh tren cho
giong nh hnh
5/ Tao them mot circle
& 3 rectangle nh hnh
mau, Attach cho thanh
1 shape
6/ Spline ln a c
boolean (Union) vi
Circle& 2 Rectangle
7/ Spline ln tiep tuc c
Boolean (Subtraction) vi
rectangle con lai.
Hng dn to mt ct ngang ca khung
tranh t bc 1 n 7
Hnh bth 3.2
Hng dn ging dy


12/ Dng lnh Select and Scale, scale nh mt ct ny li cho va . (hnh bth 3. 3)
13/ To mt rectangle theo khun ca khung tranh, p modify Extrude, ging vo gia khung tranh, lm bc tranh lng gia.
14/ p mt nh ty cho bc tranh (rectangle) va to.
15/ Bin tp cht liu ty cho khung tranh.

Hng dn ging dy


III.3. Bevel
Lnh Bevel cng l mt hnh thc to khi tng t nh extrude nhng cao cp hn nh tnh nng vt cnh vi 3 cp .
Thao tc: Chn i tng Shape mun to khi vt cnh Modifier List/ Bevel

ng kn hai u ca khi
Cc mt vt cnh phng
Cc mt vt cnh bo trn
S phn on ca mi cp
Bo trn gia cc cp vi
nhau
Gi li nt khi b cho mt
Chiu cao v vt cnh
ca cc cp Level
Hng dn ging dy


IV. BI THC HNH
V li mu gh sau:

V/n Front
Dng cng c Line v 1 nt mang
hnh dng nh sau:

Modifier List/ Bevel
Xc lp cc thng s nh sau:

Hng dn ging dy


V/n Front
Mirror theo trc X
(copy)

- Tng t, ta c th s dng lnh Bevel cho lng da pha sau
- Phn nm: ChamferBox FFD
- Chn gh: Cone Copy ra 4 chic
- p cht liu
IV.1. Lathe
L hnh thc tin trn, xoay 1 shape xung quanh 1 trc c nh.
Thao tc: To i tng Shape mun p dng lnh Lathe Modifier/ Lathe, xc lp 1 s thng s nh sau:
Hng dn ging dy


V. BI THC HNH
V/n Front, dng cng c Line v 1 nt nh
sau:

Modifier/ lathe
Align: Min

Gc tin trn
tnh theo gc 360
o

Hn tm im tin
trn (ti trc xoay)
Lt mt (khi b tri
mt)
S phn on ca
i tng Lathe
(tnh theo vng
360
o
)
ng kn 2 u
ca i tng
lathe
Trc xoay
Ging hng
Hin th kt qu
cui cng
Hng dn ging dy


Tng t, ta c th v 1 l hoa

V vi nhng kin thc truyn t li cho hc vin, gip hc vin bng cch gi s hc vin c th v li cy n guitar
nh sau:

Hng dn ging dy


Chic n Guitar in t
Hng dn ging dy


BI 4
LOFT V BOOLEAN
Tm tt
thm
Vi k thut Loft v Boolean c th
gip cho hc vin to c cc i
tng phc tp hn mt cht na.
I. Loft
II. Boolean

Hng dn ging dy


I. LOFT
L mt trong cc phng php chuyn i cc spline thnh i tng 3D bng cch cho 1 hay nhiu tit din 2D trt dc theo 1
ng dn 2D khc. Loft rt ging vi Extrude ngoi tr 3 iu khc bit chnh quan trng sau y:
- Trong khi Extrude lm nh cao (y khi) theo ng thng v c chiu cao khng i, th Loft lm trt hnh shape dc
theo mt ng dn bt k
- Khi hnh Shape c Loft dc theo ng dn, th c th lm bin dng n qua 5 cng c bin dng c trong Max.
- Bn c th loft mt hnh shape dc theo mt ng dn sau cng c th lm thay i hnh dng thit din ca n dc
theo ng dn .
Do cc s khc bit ny m Loft tr thnh mt cng c rt mnh.
Thao tc:
- To sn 1 ng Path v cc shape tit din (v d c 2 shape A v B)
- Chn ng Path
- Create/ Geometry/ Compound Object/ Loft

- Chn 1 trong 2 kiu: Percentage (tnh theo t l %) hoc Distance (tnh theo gi tr chnh xc).
- Path = 0 kch lnhGet shape, ly shape A
- Path = 100 (hoc thng s chnh xc no ) kch lnhGet shape, ly shape B

Lu cc ty chn
- Move: Di chuyn Shape trc tip vo ng Path (khng gi li cc i tng gc).
- Copy: Copy li mt bn cc i tng gc bn ngoi.
Ly tit din Ly ng dn
Hng dn ging dy


- Instance: Copy li mt bn cc i tng gc bn ngoi v c mi quan h 2 chiu vi i tng Loft (/t kt qu). Khi
, nu ta thay i kch thc, hnh dng ca i tng gc bn ngoi th i tng kt qu cng s b nh hng theo.

V d: Mun to hnh dng ca 1 chic ly kiu nh th ny th ta cn chun b mt s i tng 2D nh sau:
S phn on ca cc shape tit din
S phn on ca ng Path
Lt mt (khi i tng b tri mt)
Hin th dng khung da cho c 4 vng nhn
Hin th dng khung da cho vng nhn
phi cnh
Hng dn ging dy


Cc kiu bin dng Deformations:
Ngoi cch ly cc shapes tit din cho trt vng (loft) vo mt ng Path th Loft cn c cc cng c mnh hn na trong vic
lm bin dng i tng Loft hin hnh.
Thng qua bng cun Deformations, truy cp bng cch chn i tng Loft, m Modify, i xung cui cng bng lnh, click m
thanh cun Deformations ang ng, Max s bung ra mt bng lnh bao gm 5 loi bin dng khc nhau. Mi loi c th c kch
hot hay khng kch hot bng cch click vo nt bn phi tn ca loi bin dng , mun gn bao nhiu loi bin dng vo i
tng Loft hin hnh cng c.

- Php bin dng Scale
Chnh t l thu nh, phng ln cho hnh shape, khi n trt dc theo ng dn, y l loi bin dng thng dng nht.
Bn c th thu/phng t l theo tng trc ngang hoc dc (X hoc Y) ca hnh shape, hay thu/phng c hai trc mt lc.
Vi i tng Loft ang c chn, m tab lnh Modify, cun bng lnh ln v m thanh cun Deformation, Click chn nt Scale
trong danh sch.
Hp thoi Scale Deformations xut hin. Nt Make Symetrical ang trng thi bt, tc l khi bn hiu chnh ng bin dng
trng thi ny, i tng Loft s c Scale i xng qua mt trc gia, c biu hin bng mt ng k m ngang, ko di
ti im Scale = 0.
Cc im khi c thm vo v di chuyn ln xung tc l scale nh xung hoc phng ln ln bao nhiu phn trm.
V tr ca cc im trn ng bin dng (mu ), l v tr bao nhiu phn trm ca ng Path, m n ang ng.
C hai trng di hp thoi cho php bn nhp gi tr cho v tr im c chn l bao nhiu ti hp bn tri; v gi tr Scale
im xung hoc ln bao nhiu phn trm ti hp bn phi.
V d:
to ra mt chic h l xinh xinh, thay v ta phi Loft 1 ng dn vi rt nhiu tit din vi kch c ln nh khc nhau, ta ch
cn Loft 1 ng dn vi mt Circle lm tit din m thi.

Hng dn ging dy


M bng con Deformations/ Scale
Mc nh th bng Scale Deformations ch c mt ng thng vi 2 im u v cui.

Dng cng c chn thm 4 im cc v tr thch hp.
R-click ln tng nh, chn kiu iu chnh tay nm thch hp

Kt qu!

Hng dn ging dy


- Php bin dng Twist
Lm xun hnh shape, ng dn c s dng nh l tm im xoay.
- Php bin dng Teeter
Lm nghing, vt hnh shape. Thng thng hnh shape khi c loft vo v lm bin hnh, hnh shape lun vung gc vi ng
dn. Vi php Teeter bn c th lm cho shape tit din khng cn vung gc na, m s b ging nh b ct vt i mt gc bng
mt con dao.
- Php bin dng Bevel
Lm vt cnh shape tit din khi n c trt theo ng dn, cch thc thao tc tng t nh Scale nhng hi kh iu khin.
- Php bin dng Fit
Trong loi bin dng ny, bn s s dng hai hnh shape b sung, hnh chiu bng v hnh chiu cnh ca i tng Loft
Cc php bin dng c biu hin thng qua vic s dng mt h li, hin th qua mt th i din chnh xc cho loi bin
dng no ang c p. Hnh 2. 1 l Bng Scale Deformations, vi th l mt i tng Loft c scale thnh ci chai.
Trc ngang ca li i din cho chiu di ca i tng Loft.
Trc ng i din cho cng ca php bin dng hin hnh.
Bn c th b sung cc nh cho ng bin dng, qua nt lnh Insert Corner Point, sau hiu chnh bng cc nt lnh
Move Control Point & Scale Control Point.
Cch hiu chnh ng bin dng cng ging nh hiu chnh mt ng Spline, bn c th s dng cc nh cng nh cc tay nm
tip tuyn Bezer to ra congV cng c th p v iu chnh bin dng theo trc X, Y hay c hai thng qua hp thoi
Deformation ny.
II. BI THC HNH
To Tup kem nh rng Scale Deformation bt i xng
- To shape tit din: V mt Circle ti vng nhn Top, bn knh tu .
- To Path: Dng Line to mt ng line thng ng ti vng nhn Front.
- Loft tup kem
Vi ng Line ang c chn vo Compound Object \Loft \Get Shape, chn vo hnh trn v.
- Hiu chnh i tng Loft
o To ci c cho tup kem.
Vi nt Make Symmetrical bt bn thm hai im ti 8 & 15 % trn ng dn.
Chn im u tin ti 0% v 8%; Scale xung bng 30%
o p dp bn di
Nh bn va thao tc ti bi to tri chui, nu chn v ko nh pha di ti cc v tr gn 100% xung, th i tng loft s
chm li do b scale u c hai trc. Do vy cn phi tt nt Make Symmetrical i, bt display Y axis, (ch Scale Shape_tit din
theo trc Y m thi.)
Chn hai nh ti 95 & 97 % ca ng dn.
Chn hai nh ti v tr 100 v 97 %, scale xung cn 3 %.
Chn nh 95% v scale xung cn 15%. Bn c mt tup kem hon chnh.
Save file li.
Hng dn ging dy


i tng Loft c hon chnh thnh typ kem bng php
Scale Deformations bt i xng cho phn ui
Bn cng c th bt display XY Axis, xem xt, nu cn th hon chuyn trc cho chng.

To l cm hoa c gn sc xun (Deformations Scale, Twist v Bevel).
- To mt shape trn v mt ng line thng.
- Loft vo ng thng (Line), Shape tit din trn.
- Modify\Deformation\Scale; thm v chnh cc im cho ng bin dng nh di y.

Bn c mt bnh bng nh hnh di

Make
Symmetrical
Hoan oi
gia hai truc
XY
Display X Axis
Display Y Axis
Di chuyen nh
Display XY Axes
Scale nh Chen
nh
Tr lai
trang thai
ban au
Xoa
nh
Cc lnh trn thanh cng c ca Scale
Deformations
Hng dn ging dy


ng hp thoi Scale Deformations, click nt lnh Twist trong danh sch ca Deformation m hp thoi Twist
Deformations
Thm v chnh cc im cho ng bin dng nh di y.

Bnh bng c p thm bin dng Twist.

I. ming bnh bng c vt cnh p hn, ta s dng thm loi bin dng Bevel cho n.
- Click nt Bevel trong Deformations, m hp thoi Bevel Deformtions
- Thm cc im ti 1. 5; 4 v 6;
- Chnh nh ti 0 =3; 1. 5 =0; 4=-3. 5; 6=1. 5
- Bn s c mt minh bnh nh hnh

Bn thit k xong chic bnh, nhng n ang l mt khi ng kn
S dng Boolean khot rng n.
- Chn bnh, vo menu Edit, ly lnh clone nhn ra mt bnh khc, chn Copy /ok
- Scale bnh th hai cn 90%
- Di chuyn bnh th hai ln cao hn y ca bnh th nht.
- M li bng Scale Deformation, chnh li cc im, sao cho bnh th hai nh gn cch u thnh bnh th nht mt khong
cch bng nhau
- Chn bnh th nht (ln), m Compound Object\ Boolean
- Vi phng php l Subtractions (A-B); Click lnh, Pick Operand B, Click vo bnh th hai (nh) bn s c mt bnh nh hnh
Hng dn ging dy


Bnh bng c thit k bng Loft, kt hp c 3 loi bin dng Scale,
Twist v Bevel, c c rng bng Boolean
Thc hnh: To chai du gi du bng Fit Deformations

- To cc Shapes & mt ng Path nh hnh di y ti vng nhn Front:

- Chn ng Path Loft \ Get shape
- Path = 0, ly Shape trn, Path = 5, ly Shape ch nht
- M Modify \ Deformations\ Fit
- Ti hp thoi Fit Deformations, Tt nt Make Symmetrical
Click nt Get Shape trn thanh cng c ca hp thoi Fit Deformations. Vi nt Display X Axis bt, bn ly vo shape 1. Click nt
Rotate 90 CW, xoay ngang shape va Fit.
Bt sang Display Y Axis, click ly vo shape 2, tip tc xoay 90 CW, bn c mt i tng nh sau:
Shape 1 (shape eo) c Fit vo theo trc X, tc l hai bn hng tri phi ca chai du c dng eo vo nh shape gc s 1
Shape 2 (shape bu) c fit vo theo trc Y, cho bn hai mt trc v sau mt dng hi vung nh hnh mu, khng ging hnh
mu shape s 2 lm!
1
2
Hng dn ging dy


Shape trn nh ly vo ti im Path =0 cho chai du c phn u trn
Shape ch nht ly vo ti Path =5, to ra dng chai ch nht chuyn i t trn ca ming chai thnh ch nht
Ti hp thoi Fit Deformations. Bt Display Y Axis, tc l trc ly shape s 2 vo, bn s hiu chnh cc tay nm tip tuyn
chai c dng bu ra nh shape gc s 2, hnh di y: Hnh dng chai s c ci thin tt hn

c chai ging nh chai mu, hy phi hp vi Bevel Deformations
Chn hai im ti 98 & 97 % trn ng dn.
Chn im 100% v im 98 % vt vi gi tr = 1. 5
im 97% vt vi gi tr 1. 5.
khu vc c chai c thit k ging nh chai gc, Hy bt Sub-Object chn shape trn nh ti ming chai, nhn gi phm Shift,
ko xung di khong ng Path = 9, sao ra mt shape trn na, gi cho phn ming chai trn di xung di, chn shape
ch nht di chuyn xung khong path bng 12. Bn s c mt chai du gi u m miu nh bn gc
K thut ny cng dng thit k cc loi chai nc hoa hay cc li bnh bng pha l v. v. phc tp v kiu dng.

Bi lm thm: To tri tim bng k thut Fit Deformations mt i tng Loft

ng dng gi :
Thit k dng trong nh nh: b gh salon dng ch L, in thoi bn, bn ra chn, vi nc, bn cu, gh sofa, vin trang tr
trn nh, t.
Hng dn ging dy


III. BOOLEAN
Thut ton Boolean dng cng, tr, ly phn giao, ca cc i tng 3D vi nhau.
Thao tc:
- Canh chnh 2 i tng A v B ng v tr
- Chn i tng chnh A
- Create/ Geometry/ Compound Object/ Boolean
- Xc nh mt s chc nng thch hp pha di bng Modify
- Kch nt lnhPick Operand B Kch chn i tng B

Hng dn ging dy


Reference: Gi li i tng gc B, s dng bn sao ca i tng B thc hin lnh. i tng gc s c mi quan
h 1 chiu vi bn sao ca n.
Copy: Gi li i tng gc B, s dng bn sao ca i tng B thc hin lnh. i tng gc s c lp hon ton
vi bn sao ca n.
Instance: Gi li i tng gc B, s dng bn sao ca i tng B thc hin lnh. i tng gc s c mi quan h
2 chiu vi bn sao ca n.
Move: Dng chnh i tng B thc hin lnh m khng gi li bn sao no.

Union: Hn (ha nhp)
Intersection: Ly phn giao
Subtraction (A-B): i tng chn trc (A) s tr i tng chn sau (B). Kt qu: Phn giao nhau ca 2 i tng v
c i tng B s b tr mt (nu chn chc nng Move).
Subtraction (B-A): i tng chn sau (B) s tr i tng chn trc (A). Kt qu: Phn giao nhau ca 2 i tng v
c i tng A s b tr mt (nu chn chc nng Move).
V d 1:

V d 2:

V d 3

Chn chamferbox M
hp thoi Boolean
Subtraction A-B Pick
Operand B Kch chn
Text

Chn Sphere M hp thoi Boolean Union
Pick Operand B Kch chn Cylinder
Hng dn ging dy


Chn Sphere01 M hp thoi Boolean
Intersection Pick Operand B Kch chn
Sphere02
Hng dn ging dy


Bi 5
CC LNH C BN TRONG MODIFIER LIST
Tm tt
thm
Vi bi hc ny cung cp cho hc
vin mt s lnh chnh sa i
tng, gip hc vin c nhiu la
chn hn c th to i tng
mt cch nhanh chng v d dng
hn.
I. Bend
II. FFD
III. Twist
IV. Taper
V. Lattice

Hng dn ging dy


I. BEND
Hiu ng Bend lm cong cc i tng theo nhiu trc. Ta c th p dng lnh Bend cho hu ht cc i tng: 2D (Shape), 3D
(Geometry), partical system (h thng ht),
Thao tc:
- Chn i tng mun p dng hiu ng Bend
- Nu l 1 i tng 3D, ta phi kim tra s phn on cn thit (Segments>=2), s phn on cng cao th cong cng
trn tru.
- Modifier List/ Bend
- Xut hin hp thoi Bend, xc lp cc thng s cn thit

V d:

V/n Top, to 1 Cylinder vi Height Segments
= 25

hng un cong
un cong
Trc un cong
Gii hn mc
nh hng ca
hiu ng trn
tng phn ca
i tng
Hng dn ging dy


V/n Front, nhp Text Cho Mng Qu
Khch
p hiu ng Bend vi cc thng s sau:

Extrude v p cht liu
II. FFD
Hiu ng FFD lm cong, bin dng cc i tng theo mi hng.
C nhiu loi FFD:

FFD 2*2*2 (phn b c 2 nt cho mi
trc X, Y, Z)

trc X, Y, Z)

trc X, Y, Z)

FFD (box): cho php t do xc nh s
nt cho mi trc theo khi hp.

Hng dn ging dy


FFD (Cyl): cho php t do xc nh s nt
cho mi trc theo khi tr.

Thao tc:
- Chn i tng mun p dng hiu ng FFD
- Ta phi kim tra s phn on cn thit, s phn on cng cao th bin dng cng trn tru.
- Modifier List/[tn 1 loi FFD thch hp]
- Chn cp hiu chnh FFD (Sub Object)

- R chn nt ti v tr cn bin dng
- Drag mouse theo trc thch hp
V d:

Hng dn ging dy


Kt hp Modifier/ Mesh Smooth (Interation = 2)

III. TWIST
Xon i tng
Thao tc:
- Chn i tng
- Modifier List/ Twist
- Xc nh cc thng s trong bng Modify

xon
Phn b cc
vng xon
Trc xon
Gii hn mc
nh hng
ca hiu ng
trn tng
phn ca i
tng

Hng dn ging dy


IV. TAPER
Hng dn ging dy


V. LATTICE
Hng dn ging dy


Hng dn ging dy


Bi 6
CHT LIU C BN
Tm tt
thm
Cung cp cho hc vin cc khi
nim c bn v cht liu, cc chc
nng trn bng Material Editor,
ng thi cung cp mt s cch gn
cht liu c bn.
I. Cc chc nng ca ca s Material Editor
II. Mt s cht liu c bn

Hng dn ging dy


Vt liu: vt liu l cc thuc tnh b mt p ln vt th hoc cc nhm b mt ca vt th trong khung cnh. N bao gm mu
sc, sng bng, phn chiu, g gh v trong sut trong s nhiu thuc tnh khc na.
nh map: cc nh map c s dng nh ngha cc mu hoa vn bn trong vt liu, v d nh hoa vn mu sc hoc hoa vn
g gh. Cc nh map khng th c p trc tip ln vt th trong khung cnh. Nhng n c th c s dng nh hnh nh hu
cnh cho khung cnh hoc l nh chiu cho cc ngun sng.
I. CC CHC NNG CA CA S MATERIAL EDITOR
Nt bin tp cht liu Material Editor cho php m ra hp thoi bin tp cht liu, y l mt hp thoi m thng qua n bn c
th to ra, hiu chnh v gn cht liu.
C 3 cch c bn truy cp bn cht liu:
- Cch 1: Bm phmM
- Cch 2: Kch biu tng Material Editortrn hp cng c chnh.
- Cch 3: Menu Rendering/ Material Editor
Hp thoi Material Editor chia lm hai phn chnh: phn ca s xem trc v phn iu chnh cht liu.
Hng dn ging dy


I.1. Hin th s lng cc cht liu trong ca s xem trc:

I.2. Chc nng cc nt lnh xung quanh khu vc ca s xem trc:

Ca s xem
trc
Ca s bin
tp cht liu
Kch phi mouse vo 1
c/l bt k chn ch
hin th ca cc c/l xem
trc
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 12
11
Hng dn ging dy


1: Get material: Ly vt liu t thu vin
2: Put material to scene: a cht liu vo cnh
3: Assign material to selection: Gn c/l hin hnh cho i tng ang c chn
4: Reset Map/Mlt to default settings: Xa cht liu hin hnh trong bng Material, nhng trong cnh vn cn lu nu nh c 1
i tng no (v d i tng tn A) ang c gn cht liu ny. V do , nu mun bin tp li cht liu ny, ta chn 1
cht liu mi v dng cng c (Pick material from object) kch ln i tng A trong khung cnh nht liv tip tc
bin tp bnh thng.
5: Make Material Copy: Nhn bn/ copy cht liu (nn i tn trc khi bin tp li cht liu copy ny nu khng mun nh
hng n i tng gc).
6: Make Unique:
7: Put to Library: a cht liu ang chn vo th vin hin hnh
8: Material Effects Chanels: Gn ID (1 s hiu) cho 1 loi cht liu c bit mun p dng hiu ng Video Post,
9: Show Map in ViewPort: Hin th ha trong vng nhn
10: Show end result: Hin th kt qu cui cng ca vt liu (cho d ang ng cp no).
11: Go to parent: i ln cp cao hn
12: Go forward to sibling: i qua cp song song ngang bng cp hin hnh trong cng 1 cht liu.
Hng dn ging dy


I.3. Bng con Shader Basic Parameters

Blinn v Phong
Hai b t bng ny c cc cng c iu chnh v ng dng kh ging nhau. S khc nhau ch yu cch thc chng phn ng
trong trng hp c chiu sng ngc t pha sau. B t bng Blinn s dng cng thc ton hc mi hn. Cc b t bng v
Blinn v Phong ph hp vi cc loi vt liu nhn to nh nha do v sn, c cu to phn t phn b u. nh sng chiu ln
loi vt liu ny s pht tn tr li bng phn bng sng phn chiu c dng trn vi mp bin chuyn tip mm mi.
Anisotropic
B t bng ny c s dng cho vt liu nha c dng si hoc kim loi cun trn (c phn t phn b rt ging vi th g) c
thm hai ty chn iu chnh hnh dng ca phn bng sng phn chiu l Anisotropy (tnh khng ng hng) v Orientation
(phng hng). Xc lp Anisotropy xc nh lng ko di ca phn phn chiu. Gi tr 50 lm cho n c chiu di gp i chiu
rng. Gi tr bng 0 l cho vng bng sng phn chiu c dng trn. Gi tr Orientation c xc lp theo lm xoay phn
phn chiu quanh trc ca tia nhn. B t bng ny cng c cc xc lp Diffuse Level (mc khuych tn) v Roughness ( th
rp) tc ng n phn nh hng ca mu sc bn thn (Diffuse) vt liu. Vi gi tr bng 100, mu sc bn thn vt liu c nh
hng nh bnh thng n b mt. Cc xc lp thp hn s lm ga nh hng ca mu sc bn thn vt liu. ng thi gia tng
nh hng ca mu mi trng (Ambient) ca n.
Multi-Layer
B t bng ny c hai thnh phn Anisotropic cho php bn to hai phn bng sng phn chiu nh trong vt liu thp khng r.
Mt thnh phn bng sng phn chiu l do nh sng pht tn bi cu to phn t v thnh phn kia c pht tn bi cc vt
try xc trn b mt.
Oren-Nayer-Blinn
B t bng ny c s dng cho loi vt liu xp nh cao su, vi si hoc da ngi. Vng bng sng phn chiu ca n ln v
mm mi. Ty chn iu chnh Roughness dng lm gim nh hng ca phn bng sng phn chiu ln vng mu sc bn
thn (Diffuse) nm bn ngoi mp bin ca n, lm vt liu ti i mt cht. N cng lm sng ln mt cht cc cnh cong ngoi
ca vt th nh th nh sng c pht tn theo gc nghing n b mt th rp ca vt liu.
Strauss v Metal
Ging nh hai b t bng Blinn v Phong, hai b t bng Strauss l phin bn mi hn. Chng l cc b t bng khc bit bi v
phn mu sc phn chiu Specular Level khng c php thay i. Phn mu sc ny c ly t chn mu ca knh mu sc
bn thn (Diffuse). B t bng Metal c chn mu Ambient trong khi b t bng Trauss li s dng mu sc Diffuse cho knh
thnh phn Ambient. Bng so snh hai b t bng ny vi b t bng Phong lm r cc phn khc bit. Hai b t bng ny bt
chc phn bng sng phn chiu ca cc loi vt liu thun kim loi hoc nhm m kim loi, trong mu sc tht s l mt
Sample Type: Cc dng hin th cht liu hin hnh
BackLight: Bt/ tt n pha sau ca cht liu
Background: Bt/ tt nn background ca cht liu
Sample UV Tiling: Mt vi kiu nhn bn c/l theo chiu ngang, dc
Video Color check: Kim tra mu sc ca cht liu film
Make Priview: Xem trc kt qu ca cht liu c chn
Option: Xc lp cc ty chn cho cht liu
Select by material: Chn i tng qua cht liu
Material/ Map Navigator: Hin th cht liu/ ha ca c/l
Cc kiu cht liu
Hng dn ging dy


thuc tnh vt l cp phn t v nh hng n mu sc ca phn bng sng phn chiu.
Bng so snh cc b t bng
B t
bng
Ambient
(mu phn ti)
II. DIFFUSE
(mu bn thn)
III. SPECULAR
(mu phn chiu)
Phong C th iu chnh
mu sc
C th iu chnh mu
sc
C th iu chnh
mu sc
Metal C th iu chnh
mu sc
C th iu chnh mu
sc
Ly mu sc t knh
Difuse
Strauss Ly mu sc t
knh Difusse
C th iu chnh mu
sc
Ly mu sc t knh
Difusse

Wire: Hin th cht liu dng khung
dy

2-Sided: Gn cht liu cho c 2 pha
trong v ngoi ca i tng

Face Map: Gn ha ln tng mt
ca i tng

Faceted: Gn cht liu ln i tng
vi cc mt phng v sc cnh.

Hng dn ging dy


III.1. Bng con Blinn Basic Parameters

- Ambient: Nau ca vung ti
- Diffuse: Nau chinh
- Specular: Nau ca vung chi
- Self Illumination: t phat sang ca cht liu
- Opacity: trong sut
- Specular Highights:
Specular level: chi sang
Glossiness: vung chi sang
Soften: chuyn tip mm mi t vung sang sang vng ti
Cc du hiu nhn bit tnh trng ca cht liu ang c chn:

cht liu ang c chn (hin hnh), nhng cha s dng
trong cnh (cha c gn cho i tng no)
Du hiu: Mt khung trng ang bao xung quanh cht liu

cht liu c s dng trong cnh (c mt hoc mt s i
tng no trong cnh ang s dng cht liu ny)
Du hiu: 4 gc bo mu xm

cht liu c s dng trong cnh (i tng ang c
chn ang s dng cht liu ny)
Du hiu: 4 gc bo mu trng
IV. MT S CHT LIU C BN:
IV.1. S dng mt cht liu c sn trong th vin 3D Max:
- Chn i tng
- BmM
- Kch nt lnh (Get material Editor)
Hng dn ging dy


- Xut hin bng Material/ Map Browser

Khu vc Browse from chn
Khu vc Show chn

Chn ty chnView List+Icon

Double Click chn kiu cht liu cn ly (ch chn nhng cht liu c biu tng trn pha trc
V d:
- Kch lnh gn cht liu (Assign material to selection)
Trng hp trong my c ci 2 version tr ln, mun s dng cht liu ca mt version khc ca 3DS Max, trong bng Material/
Map Browser, ta kch lnh Open

Chn tn th vin (V d: 3dsmax. mat l th vin tng hp y nht) trong th mc Mablibs ca th mc 3ds max mun s
dng, sau s dng bnh thng.
Hoc ta c th dng lnhMergecng dnth vin cht liu mi bn di th vin cht liu hin hnh. Nu ch s dng lnh
open th th vin cht liu mi s chng lp th vin cht liu hin hnh.
Hng dn ging dy


Cht liu sn bng lng:
Cc thnh phn c bn ca vt liu thng c iu chnh trc tin. Bn s tp trung vo hai thuc tnh c bn bt u: mu
sc bn thn v vng bng sng phn chiu. Trong b bin tp vt liu Material Editor, bng cun Blinn Basic Parameters, click vo
chn mu nm bn phi mc Diffuse (mu khuych tn bn thn) m b chn mu Color Selector. Trong cc gi tr, nhp
175 cho Red, 50 cho Green v 25 cho Blue c c mt mu cam sm.
Trong phn Specular Highlight ca bng cun Blinn Basic Parameter, xc lp gi tr Specular Level ( sng) l 60 v Glossiness (
bng) l 50. Vng bng sng phn chiu rt quan trng trong vic to c cc vt liu thuyt phc. Trong th gii thc, vng
bng sng phn chiu l vng nh sng phn chiu ra khi b mt, da vo cu to phn t ca vt liu v iu kin b mt.
Trong th gii my tnh 3D, n l u mi quan trng duy nht gip ngi xem cm nhn c loi vt liu cn th hin. Bng
sng phn chiu Speccular Highlight trong 3d max 6 c bn thuc tnh quan trng m bn c th xc lp c: Specular Color
(mu ca vng phn chiu) l mu sc ca nh sng phn chiu (thng c mu trng); Specular Level (cp phn chiu) l
sng ca vng bng sng phn chiu; Glossiness ( bng) l kch tht ca vng bng sng v loi t bng (nh b t bng Blinn
chng hn) xc lp hnh dng ca vng bng sng phn chiu.
IV.2. Gn ha bitmap cho cc thnh phn cht liu:
- Chn 1 cht liu mi
- Kch biu tng Map bn phi mu Diffuse

- Chn kiu Bitmap
- Chn file Bitmap cn gn

- Chnh sa mt s ty chn cho cht liu Bitmap:

Map
Hng dn ging dy


- Kch lnh gn cht liu (Assign material to selection)
V d: Gn cht liu cho 1 bc tranh hoc 1 nn gch hoa (plane hoc box):

IV.3. Ha Checker
To cht liu sc caro
- Chn 1 cht liu mi

- Chn kiuChecker

Nhan ban
theo chieu
ngang, doc
Xoay anh
Bitmap
oi anh
Bitmap
khac
Xn bt
1 phn
ca Map

Map
Hng dn ging dy


- Xc lp mt s ty chn trong bng Coordinates tng t nh gn 1 nh Bitmap. Ngoi ra, ta cn c th chn mu trong
bng Checker parameters

- Gn cho i tng

IV.4. Ha Gradient
- Chn 1 cht liu mi

- Chn kiu Gradienttrong danh sch Ok

- Xc lp mt s ty chn trong bng Coordinates tng t nh gn 1 nh Bitmap. Ngoi ra, ta cn c th xc lp mt s
thng s khc trong bng Gradient Parameters:
Map
Hng dn ging dy


IV.5. Hu cnh mi trng
i mu nn hoc chn nh Map lm Background khi Render:
Menu Rendering/ Environment

hin th nh Map trong vng nhn, ta cn thm mt thao tc na:

La chn mu
sc
nhiu ht
trong dy
gradient
Chn
mu
nn
Chn
nh
Map
lm
nn
bg
Hng dn ging dy


- Kch chn nt Files Chn nh Map cn hin th trong vng nhn
- Kim nhn mcDisplay Background
Lu : khu vcAspect Ratio:
Match ViewPort: nh Map s t scale y vng nhn (khng ng t l)
Match Bimap: Gi ng t l nh Bitmap
Hng dn ging dy


Bi 7
CHT LIU NNG CAO
Tm tt
thm
Qua bi hc ny hc vin c th to
i tng v hin thc hn nh vo
cc kiu cht liu cao cp hn.
I. Cht liu phn chiu
II. Cht liu trong sut
III. Cht liu chm ni
IV. Cht liu a hp

Hng dn ging dy


I. Thnh phn reflection
- Chn 1 cht liu mi
- Bng conMap
- Thanh phn Reffection Chn Flat mirror

- Kim nhn ty chnApply to faces with ID

Vi ty chn ny cho php ta xc nh mt p dng hiu ng (mt nhn s phn chiu ca cc i tung). V do , trc khi gn
cht liu Flat Mirror cho i tng, ta phi xc nh r s ID cho cc mt ca i tng.
V d:

Amount = 100

Gn cht liu phn chiu cho Box (nn
xanh)
TeaPot ch l i tng c phn chiu

Hng dn ging dy


Amount = 50
(Gim bt cng phn chiu)
II. Thnh phn Opacity
II.1. Chun E Map
Khi ng chng trnh Photoshop (hoc 1 chng trnh bt k c th p ng c yu cu)
Chun b 2 file:
- 1 file hnh mu
- 1 file hnh en trng (phn i tng chnh mu trng v nn mu en)
Cng ging nh mt n ca Photoshop: Mu trng l phn c hin th, mu en l phn s b che ph.

nh mu

nh trng en
II.2. Bin tp YjJin cht liu trong 3D
- Bm M
- Chn 1 Cht liu mi
- M bng con Map
Thanh Phn Diffuse Chn file nh mau
Thanh phn Opacity Chn file trng en
- Ap cho i tng (thng thng la 1 plane)
- i mau nn Render (Background)
- Render & kim tra kt qu.
Hng dn ging dy


p cht liu Bitmap bnh thng cho 1
plane
(Mt bn c gn cht liu phn chiu)

p cht liu Opacity cho 1 plane

Eyng cho cht liu trong sut:
Mun c bng nht thit ta phi to ra 1 ngun sng (light):
- Create /Lights /Omni (bng dn tron) v ti vung nhn top. B tri v tri n thich hp trong 2 vung nhn Top & front
V d:

- Chn n
- Bng Modify, kim nhn Shadow (On) v chn chc nng Ray Traced Shadows trong hp x.

Hng dn ging dy


Hng dn ging dy


gim nh m c ca bng, ta
gim gi tr Dens bng con Shadow
Parameters

Tng t, ta c th ng dng to nhiu vt th trong thc t, v d v 1 chic r trong nh bp:

Kt qu:

III. Thnh phn Bump
Cht liu Bump to hiu ng chm ni/ khc chm
Chun b sn cht liu bng chng trnh Photoshop (hoc ly mt cht liu bt k c tng phn cao v mu sc).
- Mu trng: Chm ni
- Mu en: Khc chm
Gn cht liu:
Hng dn ging dy


Chn 1 cht liu mi, bin tp t do (gn nh bitmap vo thnh phn Diffuse hoc ly mt cht liu c sn trong th vin, v d
ly cht liu vngMetal Dark Gold)
M bng con Map
Thnh phn Bump Ly nh map dc chun b trc, tng thng s Amount tng cng chm ni hay khc chm.
Gn cho i tng hoc 1 phn ca i tng (B sung UVW Map d chnh sa v tr).
V d:
- Ly cht liu vng t th vin gn cho c Teapot
- Duplicate cht liu vng, i tn
- p Edit Mesh cho m tr, vi cp Polygon, r chn 1 s mt pha trc m tr (kim nhn chc nngIgnore Backfacing)

- S dng nh Map cho thnh phn Bump l hnh trng v nn en, Amount = 400 Gn cho cc mt c chn.
- Vi cc mt vn ang c chn Gn thm 1 ta ha UVW Map, kiu Planar v ch Fit (trc Y).

Gn cho
cc mt
c
chn
Gn cho
c
teapot
Hng dn ging dy


Chm ni

Khc chm
Tng t, ch cn to mt cht liu pattern nh nhau l ta c th gn cho tm nm muose ging nh tht!

V v p cht liu Bump cho chic ng h c

Bevel Profile cho hai i tng Circle v
Line nh sau

Chn Circle, Tng gi tr Step = 15 cho
ng trn c Smooth hn

Hng dn ging dy


V 1 Cylinder v ging gia mt ng h,
cho cylinder ln vo ng h mt cht.

Boolean

p cht liu vng cho ng h

p Edit Mesh, chn cp Polygon v r
chn cc mt nh sau trong vng nhn
Front hoc Left

Hng dn ging dy


Chun b cht liu bng chng trnh Photoshop, save thnh file JPG hoc TGA (mt dy mu chuyn
sc trng en lin tc nhau).
p cho thnh phn Bump ca cp Map

Hiu chnh cc thng s sau

p UVW Map Chn kiu Cylindrical

V cc vch bng lnh Array, V cc kim ng h
Hng dn ging dy


V thm chic np v tay cm hoc dy treo cho chic ng h

IV. CHT LIU A HP
Bnh thng, mi i tng ch c th nhn c mt cht liu m thi, v d: Khi gn cht liu vng cho mt khi cu, sau gn
tip mt cht liu khc l cm thch chn hn, th ta thy kt qu cui cng l khi cu ch mang cht liu cm thch m
thi!
Hng dn ging dy


Tuy nhin, mun gn nhiu cht liu khc nhau cho tng b phn ca i tng, ta phitm cchtruy cp c cp th cp
(nhng thnh phn cu to nn mt i tng) ca i tng .
Thao tc: V d, ta cn gn 6 hnh phong cnh cho su mt ca mt hnh hp (Box)
- Chn i tng Box
- Bng lnh Modify/ Edit Mesh
Trong danh sch Modify List/ chn lnh Edit Mesh

Mt i tng 3D s c nhng cp th cp nh sau:

- Chn cp Polygon
- Kch chn mt cn gn (mt c chn s c mu )

- Bm M
- Lp li thao tc nh mc s 2 (gn cht liu bitmap cho 1 i tng)
- Th l ta gn c 1 cht liu cho mt mt ca i tng. Tip tc chn mt tip theo, chn mt cht liu mi, vn c
lp li thao tc nh mc s 2 (gn cht liu bitmap cho 1 i tng)
- V tip tc nh th n ht
Nh th, gn 6 cht liu cho 6 mt ca mt i tng, ta cn dng n 6 (slot) cht liu. Ta c mt cch c th lm vic
ny ch cn 1 cht liu:
- Chn i tng Box
- Bng lnh Modify/ Edit Mesh
- Chn cp Polygon
- Trt bng ln, ti bng conSurface Properties
Vertext: nh
Edge: Canh
Face: Mat tam
giac
Polygon: Mat ch nhat
Element: phan t
Hng dn ging dy


i vi v d trn th ta khng cn xc lp li ID ca cc mt, v tng ng vi mi mt c ID ring, v tng ng vi mi ID l
mtcht liu con.
- Bm M
- Kch nt Standard

- Chn kiu
- Ok
- Xut hin cu thng bo

Discard old material: Xa cht liu c trong cht liu hin hnh to nn mt cht liu a hp mi hon ton.
Keep old material as sub-material: Gi cht liu hin hnh li lm mtcht liu concho cht liu a hp.
Chn mt trong hai ty chn trn (Ty trng hp s dng), xut hin bng cht liu sau:
Gan ID
cho
cac
mat
c
chon
Chn
mt
bng
s
ID
Hng dn ging dy


Mc nh th s c 10 cht liu conbn trong, nhng nu cn, ta c th cng thm s lngcht liu conbng cch kch
ntAddhoc xa bt bng ntDelete.
- On/Off: Bt/ Tt cc cht liu con.
- Name: t tn cho cc cht liu con
- Set Number: Xc nh s cht liu con cn gn
Nh v d, th ta cn c 6 cht liu con cho i tng khi cu (Set Number = 6)

Kch vo cht liu con th nht, bng cht liu tr v ca s nh mt cht liu n. Ta c th bin tp cht liu ny nh mt cht
liu bnh thng.
Kch vao
tng nut
cua cl con
va bien
tap nh mot
cl n
Hng dn ging dy


Vi cch lm nh th, ln lt bin tp cc cht liu con cn li cho n ht v gn cho i tng.
Mc d khi bin tp nhng cht liu con, ta kim nhn mcShow map in viewport, nhng ta vn khng thy cht liu c
hin th trong vng nhn, ngay c khi Render cng khng thy c ha (Map). Hoc l trong vng nhn, trong bng Render vn
thy xut hin ha Map nhng khng c nh (nh Map b p sai v tr)
i vi nhng i tng c chnh sa phc tp, khng phi l i tng nguyn sinh, my rt kh xc nh ta ha , th
nn ta phi gn cho n mt ta ha mi.
Thao tc:
- Bng Modify, trong danh sch Modifier List/ UVW Map

- Chn mt trong cc kiu ta sau:

Planar
t nh theo hnh 2D, phng ln b mt ca i tng, ty theo trc no c kim nhn ti khu vc Alignment m nh s map
theo hng tng ng. Loi mapping ny thng ch dng cho cc i tng ch c mt b mt cn c th hin cht liu m
thi.
Sau khi
bien tap
xong c/l con
th nhat,
kch nut
Go to
parrent e
tr ve
cap Multi
Sub-Object
bien
tap qua c/l
th hai
Hng dn ging dy


Spherical
Gizmo s c thay i theo dng khi cu bao ly i tng v nh s c map theo nh vy. Kiu mapping ny tt cho cc i
tng c hnh dng trn trn nh qu bng, hn .. N c mt nhc im l s l ra phn lng pha sau ng rp ni ca
hai mp ca ho .
Cylindrical
Bao bc ly i tng l mt gizmo c dng khi tr, v nh th c map theo nh vy. Rt tt trong vic th hin cc nhn hiu
ln cc loi chai, l, lon. Ni chung cc i tng c dng gn vi khi tr th nn mapping theo kiu ny. Kim nhn Cap, ho
s c ct xn va trn vi hai mt y trn di ca khi tr.
Box
L tng cho cc dng i tng c hnh dng khi hp, v d nh hp thuc, gh salon, bc tng, tt c cc mt ca i tng
s c map cng loi cht liu.
Shrink Wrap
Loi c bit c thit k cho cc dng i tng c hnh dng hu c, khi m Cylindrical v Spherical khng p ng c, n
gingnh l bn ly nh map cng ra bao bc ly i tng v tm li trn u. (qa bng bng). Loi mapping ny tt cho cc
hnh ngi, th vt hoc cc dng phc tp tng t.
Face
p tng bn sao ho ln tng mt mt ca i tng hin hnh.
XYZ to UVW
Chuyn i hai h to ny vi nhau, ch s dng chng cho cc nh map th tc.
Ta c th kch vo du+pha trc tn UVWMap trong stack truy cp biu tng Gizmo, di chuyn, xoay, scale biu tng v nh s
thay i tng ng trn i tng ang c p cht liu.
Ta cng c th thay i kch thc ca Gizmo vi cc gi tr L, W, H hoc Tile (lt) cht liu theo c 3 trc U, V v W

Ngoi ra ti khu vc Alignment ging hng, php hiu chnh UVW Maps cn cho php ging nh ha theo cc kiu sau y:

- Fit: Canh cho nh map va kht vi kch thc khi hnh hc hin hnh.
- Center: Canh vo trung tm hnh hc ca i tng hin hnh.
Hng dn ging dy


- Bitmap Fit: Khi dng lnh ny Max s yu cu bn chn li nh ang map cho khi hnh hc hin hnh, v canh theo t l
phng ca nh gc trn i tng
- Normal Align: Ging vi php tuyn, nu mapping l loi planar th trong 1 lc, chi th hin hnh mt trc X, Y, Z no
thi, khi bt Sub-Object, vi lnh Normal Align, v di chuyn gizmo, khi gizmo song song vi php tuyn trc no th nh s
c map theo trc .
- View Align: ging vi khung nhn
- Region fit Khi r chn mt khu vc no trn i tung th nh s map theo ng trong khu vc c r chn .
- Acquire: Ly mt gizmo nh map t mt i tng khc c sn ta ha , n lm cho cc t l cht liu khp vi
nhau gia cc i tng.
- Reset: Tr li tnh trng ban u..
i vi v d ny, ta phi chn kiuBox

Mt khc, nu ta khng xc nh li ta ha th khi Render, mt s trng hp s xut hin 1 bng thng bo:

Thng bo cho bit cc i tng c tn trong danh sch cn phi c ta ho , v nu vn tip tc render (continue) th
chng s khng th hin th ng nh c mapping.
V. BI THC HNH
V.1. p nhn hiu cho hp v tup kem Biore.
M file to tup kem ti phn Loft, to thm mt hp sao cho ng va tup kem, to thm cc np y v din hot cho np y
m ra (nu thch).
Ta c khung cnh nh sau
Hng dn ging dy


Yu cu ca khch hng v nhn hiu cho hp & tup kem:
C tng cp mt trc sau, v phi tri l hai nh nhn hiu
V tup kem: hai nhn hiu kia s bao trn ly tup theo chiu ng hai phn ba ca tup, phn ui: mu trng, v phn c
chai mt mu hng nh.
Nhn hiu c thit k li bng phn mm Corel Draw v xut ra dng thc *. tiff.
Cc bc thc hin Map nhn hiu cho hp v tup kem nh sau:
p cht liu cho cc mt ca hp
- Chn hp, p mt modifier Edit Mesh, hoc c th convert thnh Editable Mesh.
- Chn cp Polygon, r chn ht cc mt ca hp
- M bng conSurface Properties
- Nhp gi tr ID = 1 trong hp Set ID , Enter
Mc nh, mi mt ca box ang c mt ID khc nhau mang s t 1 n 6, khi chn ht v g ID =1, tc l ng ha tt c cc
mt ch c chung mt s ID l 1, sau s dng phng php loi tr t ID cho cc mt trong nhm th s chnh xc, khng b
st li mt mt c ID khng c kim sot no na.
- Chn mt trc nhn gi Ctrl chn tip mt sau (nn g phm F2, nhn cc mt c chn vi mu ) nhp ID = 2 (hoc
c th chn bng cch r chn trong cc vng nhn Top, Front khi bt ch chn vng l )
- Tng t chn hai bn hng g ID = 3
Kch 1 ln na vo cp polygon tt cp Sub-object, p vo box mt modifier l UVW Maps, vi Mapping l Box
- GM, m Material Editor, chn mt cht liu mi, t tnhop biore, click Get Material, chn Multi/Sub-Object trong danh
sch New ca Material/ Map browser / ok
- Ti Material Editor, set number = 3
- Thanh cht liu ca ID s 1, map vo thnh phn diffuse nhn hiu chnh ti hnh bth 2. 3 trn
- ClickView Imageti Bitmap Parameter, r chn phn Logo (s map vp hai np trn di vi nh l logo ca sn phm m
thi, v ID s 1 l hai np ca hp), kim vo Apply vi la chn l Crop, click nt Show Map In Viewport.

- Click Go To Parent vi ln cho n khi tr ra c cp cht liu cha l Multi/ Sub-Object vi 3 thanh cht liu
Hop va tuyp kem
cha c ap
nhan hieu
Nhan hieu tai
hai mat chnh
Truc sau
Nhan hieu tai
hai mat hong
Hng dn ging dy


- Tng t cch map nh vo cht liu mang ID 1, bn cng ly nh nh m t ti hnh bth 2. 3 vo cho thnh phn diffuse,
nhng khng khng crop nh nh s dng cho phn np.
- V cui cng map vo ID s 3 nh m t ti hnh bth 3. 3, show map in viewport hin thi nhn p cho hp ti vng
nhn, render kim tra, v c l bn cn phi tng cng bng sng (specular level) ca tng ID cht liu ln cho hp
trng bt mt hn.

Hp c p nhn hiu hon chnh.
p cht liu cho tup kem
- Convert tup kem thnh mt i tng Mesh c th chnh sa Editable Mesh.
- Chia tup kem ra lm 3 phn vi cc ID t 1 n 3.

t ID cho cc khu vc ca tup kem.
- Vi ID s 1 ang c chn, p vo mt UVW Map
- Mapping l Cylindrical, click nt Fit ti khu vc Alignment nh map s va kht ng trong khun kh ca phn tup kem
mang ID 1 m thi.
- Bin tp mt cht liu Multi/ Sub-Object cho mt cht liu khc t tntuyp_biore.
- Set number gii hn cho s ID l 3
- Cht liu mang ID 1, bin tp nh nh hnh bth 6. 3 vo cho thnh phn Diffuse, tng cng Self Illumination_t pht sng
v Specular Level_cng bng sng.
- Cht liu mang ID s 2, bin tp mt mu hng nh tip vi mu ca nhn Biore, cng thm sng nh ID 1.
- Cht liu mang ID s 3, bin tp mt mu trng cho Diffuse, cng thm sng nh ID 1.
- Nu nhn hiu Map vo cha nm ng hng, quan st Gizmo mu cam ca UVW map, v nu cn th chn ng trc sao
cho gizmo song song v bao kht ly phn ID s 1; Cui cng th bt Sub-Object xoay theo trc ng sao cho phn nhn hiu
nm ng v tr mong mun.
Khu
vc
mang
ID 1
Khu vc
mang ID
2
Khu
vc
mang
ID 3
Hng dn ging dy


Gizmo ca UVW map cha kht ng vi khu vc chn

Kim X ti Alignmenr v Fit
Cng c th trong trng hp ny bn cn phi lt cho nhn hiu quay u ln, kim vo Flip_lt ca V, sau ca U, v sau l
xoay 180
o
trc Z cho gizmo a mt chnh li pha trc.

Nhn hiu vn cha hin th
ng
Xoay Gizmo trc Z ti vng Perspective
cho nhn xoay li chnh din
Hng dn ging dy


Kim U, V Flip lt ngc nhn

Hp v Tup p xong cht liu, phi hp vi n
V cht liu soi bng ca mt bn
VI. CHT LIU RAYTRACE
nh Map Raytrace bn tia d xung quanh khung cnh tnh ton hnh nh phn x nn cho kt qu chnh xc hn so vi cc kiu
phn x khc (Flat Mirror v Reflect/Refract). N cng c th c s dng m phng nhiu gng phn x qua li vi nhiu
lp cp . nh map Flat Mirror v Reflect/Refract ch phn x c 1 cp m thi! V d nhin l thi gian Render s lu hn.
V d:
To cht liu Raytrace cho 2 chic ly nc ngt bng thy tinh vi 2 mu v vng nh sau:

VI.1. To i tng
- To ly nc trn mu vng (bn tri)
Dng phng php Loft t 1 ng Line vi 2 vng trn Circle
Copy thm 1 i tng, scale nh 1 cht, Boolean khot thng.
- Tng t, ta cng to 1 chic ly lc gic mu (bn phi)
- To rut ly (phn nc trong ly): Loft mt i tng khc vi kch thc thch hp t vo bn trong 2 chic ly.
- V 2 ci ng ht bng cng c Tube, p Modifier/Bend p cht liu Checker to sc cho cc ng ht.
VI.2. p cht liu
- BmM truy cp bng Material Editor
- Chn 1 cht liu mi
Hng dn ging dy


- Type: RayTrace
Cht liu thy tinh cho c 2 chic ly:
- Raytrace Basic Parameters
Shading: Phong
Ambient: 0, 0, 0
Diffuse: 128, 128, 128
Reflect: 0, 0, 0
Luminosity: 0, 0, 0
Transparency: 248, 248, 248
Index of Refr: 1. 5
- Specular Highlight
Specular Color: 255, 255, 255
Specular Lavel: 200
Glossiness: 80
Soften: 0. 1
Cht liu NC mu
Shading: Phong
Ambient: 0, 0, 0
Diffuse: 0, 0, 0
Reflect: 0, 0, 0
Luminosity: 255, 18, 0
Index of Refr: 1. 275
Specular Lavel: 200
Glossiness: 80
Soften: 0. 1
Cht liu NC mu vng
Copy cht liu m ny i tn thnh mu vng v thay i hai thng s sau:
- Luminosity: 246, 255, 0
- Transparency: 246, 255, 0
Cht liu cho cc cc nc :
Shading: Phong
Ambient: 0, 0, 0
Diffuse: 0, 0, 0
Reflect: 0, 0, 0
Luminosita: 255, 255, 255
Index of Refr: 1. 5
Hng dn ging dy


Specular Lavel: 200
Glossiness: 80
Soften: 0. 1
Render xem kt qu!
C l cc bn thy n cha c p lm phi khng?! l do cha c t n thi. B sung 3 ngn n Omni xung
quanh lm sng khung cnh.
VII. CC HO TH TC (PROCEDURAL MAPS)
Cc ho th tc pht sinh theo cng thc tan hc, n c nhiu u im hn ho bitmap. Trc ht n s dng t b nh
hn nhiu, trong mt vi trng hp n cn lm tng tc render. C th s dng nh th tc ti bt k thuc tnh no ca cht
liu, thm ch cn cho php pha trn, phi hp vi cc loi ha khc to nn mt hiu qu tuyt vi. Cc loi ho th tc
c lit k v din gii s lc nh sau:
- Standard loi cht liu thng dng nht
- Blend (ha trn) Trn hai cht liu li vi nhau, ty theo t l % c xc lp.
- Composite (hn hp) Gn ging vi blend, nhng cho nhiu hn hai cht liu trn nhau.
- Doubled-sided (2 pha) c dng khi ty chn two sided c bt. Lc ny c hai pha ca mt mt u c render
- Matte/ Shadow (m c, bng) khi c gn cho i tng, s render cho i tng tr nn v hnh trong khung cnh,
nhng vn tip nhn v th hin bng ca cc i tng khc trong cnh.
- Morpher material cho php bin i t cht liu ny sang cht liu kia, n c thit k dng chung vi php hiu
chnh Morpher.
- Multi/Sub-Object cht liu a hp, s dng hu nh l thng xuyn, cho php p nhiu nh ln mt i tng.
- Raytraced cht liu d tia trn c s tng i tng mt, n i hi nhiu thi gian hn cho vic render so vi cc cht liu
khc. em li mt hiu qa cht liu phn x, khc x chnh xc. (thy tinh, kim cng)
- Shellac (nha cnh kin) to ra mt b ngoi trong ging nh mu cnh kin ln i tng. Rt tt cho cc loi bn gh
g c nh bng k
- Top/bottom Cho php p hai cht liu ln mt i tng, da vo phn trm tnh t trn xung.
- Flat- mirror (phn chiu phng) khi p loi ho ny ln i tng, bn phi xc nh mt no ca i tng s phn
chiu bng cch nhp vo s ID (nhn dng) ca mt , v Flat-mirror ch lm duy nht mt mt ca i tng phn chiu
m thi.
- Reflect / Refract gn ging vi ho Raytraced ngha l s em li hiu qu phn chiu v khc x cho i tng c
p, nhng khng phi l vt liu d tia.
- Gradient map ln i tng vi nhiu mu, ty theo cch chuyn mu l thng_linear, trn_radial, hay cc loi khc m
ho s th hin cc mu theo cch thc tng ng
- Wood Cho php bn bin tp cc loi mu g, cn cch thc th hin cc vn g map cho i tng.
VIII. LU GI MT CHT LIU MI
Sau khi bn bin tp c mt cht liu mi ca mnh, i khi n l mt s phi hp nhiu loi ho , cng vi cc thng s
ring c xc lp, v bn mun lu gi n khi cn th ly ra dng, m khng cn phi mt cng bin tp li.. thao tc nh
sau
Kim tra th vin hin hnh
M Material Editor, click nt Get Material, chn Mtl-Library, thanh tiu ca Materials / Maps browser s th hin tn ca th vin
hin hnh, c nhiu loi th vin cht liu, c lu di dng thc *. mat, trong th mc Matlib ca 3Dstudio Max
V d nh 3dstudio max, fablic, wood, stone, brick. mi th vin l mt b su tp lu gi cc cht liu theo mt ch no ,
ch ring 3dstudio max. mat l phi hp nhiu loi khng theo ch , v c xc lp mc nh. Do vy th vin ny rt nhiu
cht liu, nu ct vo thm s lm cho s truy cp ca bn hi kh khn, do vy c hai iu cn lu nh sau:
- Click nt Open ti Material/Map Browser m mt trong cc loi cht liu theo ch ca cht liu bn bin tp. Ti
thanh cng c ca Material Editor click nt Put to Library, t tn cho cht liu, ri OK. Cht liu c a vo th vin,
v bn phi lu li thay i cho tp tin. mat hin hnh, ko khi ng file m bn cha Save li nhng thay i th coi nh
cc lu gi ca bn khng thnh. Click Save di nt Open ca Material/Map Browse lu li cht liu ca bn.
Hng dn ging dy


- i khi bn mun to cc b su tp cht liu ring ngoi cc b su tp c sn ca Max. Sau khi m mt th vin c t
cht liu thi, click nt save as ti Material/Map Browser v t tn mi cho b su tp v dcl_ring. mat, sau click nt
clear material from library trn thanh cng c ca Material/Map Browser, xo b ht cc cht liu ang c, v sang tn ca
bn ri cc cht liu ny khng cn gi na cui cng Put cht liu ca bn vo Library ny ri save li.

Hng dn ging dy


Bi 8
THIT K NI THT
Tm tt
thm
Qua bi hc ny hc vin c th t
thit k cho mnh mt cn nh m
chay mt kin trc ni tht no
.
I. Bi thc hnh 1
II. Bi thc hnh 2

Hng dn ging dy


Trong bi ny bn s c tri nghim qua cc mc di y, phn gii thch s c lng song song vi bi thc hnh
- Cc lnh Merge, Import, Export (bi Tng quan v 3DSMax)
- B nt lnh Snaps (bi Tng quan v 3DSMax)
- Phng php to cc bc tng mi trong 3D Max 6
- Thao tc to Doors & Windows (Bi thc hnh)
- Camera (tip theo)
- nh sng vi Include, Exclude
C nhiu cch v mt m hnh ni tht, y ch trnh by cch v truyn thng, cn nhng cch khc nh:
- V bng cng c mi ca Max6, Wall
- V bng line vi ch snap
- V bng cch s dng cc php hiu chnh Shape (Dng Rectangle v chu vi chung ca cn nh Outline
Boolean vi cc Rectangle nh khc to ca s,)
BI THC HNH
Dng m hnh
Import bn v 2D t tp tin AutoCAD
- File\ Reset khi to li mn hnh Max chun
- Vo Menu File \ Import chn tp tin Ol_im01. dwg; nhp vo file hin hnh.
Hnh bth 5. 1
- Tr li Yes ti hp thoi DWG Import nhp bn v ny vo file Max hin
hnh.
- Ti hp thoi Import AutoCAD DWG Import, kim Layer trong khu vc Devive
Object By, v Cap Closed Entities trong khu vc Geometry Options\ OK
nh li n v tnh cho File hin hnh
Menu Customizer\Units Setup, ti hp thoi Units Setup chn Metric v chn Meters
trong danh sch \ OK

Bn v 2D
Hng dn ging dy


y khi_ Extrude bn v 2D thnh cc bc tung
- GH_Select by Name, chn Walls01, bt Modify\ Extrude nhp Amount = 4. 0 m
- Bn s c mt khi 3D nh hnh bn; Hy dng Arc Rotate xoay vng Perfective quan st v phn tch n.
- y l bn v v mt cn phng c hai ca i, c k hiu bng hai hnh v shapes mu m, cc hnh shape mu xanh
dng l ni t ca s, v cui cng hnh shape mu ti l ni thit k l si
- Vi nhng k thut v Shapes bn c hc t cc bi trc, hy t thit k mt bn v cn phng hoc cn nh cho
ring mnh, sau Extrude ln nh hnh bn Hnh bth 5. 3

To cc u ngch ca va kht vch tng bng cc lnh line, box vi chc nng Snap

- Click phi 3D Snap, truy cp hp thoi Snap \ Grid Settings; hy kim Grid Point, v kim vo End Point, click du X trn
thanh title ca hp thoi ny ng li. (khi to cc ngch ca s s dng lnh Snap, bt dnh vo cc gc cnh cui cng
ca khi 3D, gip cho vic to cc khi ngch ca mt cch chnh xc.
- Sau click tri 3D Snap, kch hot ch bt dnh
- Chuyn vng Perfective thnh vng User bng cch g phmU.
- Tt hin th li ti vng User, g phmG.
- Bt tt ch hin th i tng gia Wireframe v Smooth Highlights, g phmF3
- Dng Zoom Region r khu vc chn ca i th nht phng ln khung cnh ln

- G phmW, phng ln vng User.
- Click lnh Box trong bng lnh Create \ Geometry, a mouse n u mt trn bn phi pha trong ca b tng ni s to
ca th nht; lnh Snap s bt dnh ngay u mt khi mouse ti gn, vi mt biu tng mu xanh dng hin th ngay ti
im ny. Xem hnh di
- Click xung ngay ti v r sang bt dnh vo u mt trn bn ngoi bc tng click tri. M Modify sa chiu cao = - 0.
8m
Hng dn ging dy


Vi phng php tng t, to ngch ca trn ca ca i th hai cng l 0. 8m, vi b rng v di c bt dnh to kht vi v tr
c dnh cho ngch ca.
- Cc ngch di ca ca i = 0. 2m chiu cao.
- Cc ngch trn v di ca ca s cng lm tng t nhng vi cc chiu cao khc nhau:
- Cc ngch trn ca s chiu cao = 1m

- Cc ngch di ca s chiu cao = 1. 5 m hnh bth 5. 6
- Sau khi to cho mt ca s, gm mt ngch trn v mt ngch di, bn hy to ra hng lot cc ngch ca s khc
mt cch nhanh chng bng cch group ngch trn v di ca ca s li.

- Nhn gi phm Shift, vi cng c di chuyn, click mouse ngay ti im u mt ca ngch trn bn tri (hoc bn phi) ty
theo v tr khi copy n c thun li cho vic bt dnh im u mt hay khng? M bn c th r qua copy ra cc b
ngch cho cc ca s khc, nu n cn bng nhau, v cng chiu;
- Nu khng cng chiu hy dng lnh xoay;
Hng dn ging dy


- Nu khng cng Size, hy s dng lnh Non_Uniform Scalev. vcho n khi bn to xong tt c cc ngch ca cho cn
phng. hnh bth 5. 7
To cc ca s & ca i bng chc nng Doors & indows kt hp vi Snap
Create\ Geometry, x danh sch ang c ch Standard Primitives xung v chn Doors gn cui danh sch (xem bi 1)
C ba loi ca th hin qua 3 nt lnh:
- Pivot: loi ca cnh
- Sliding: loi ca trt
- BiFold: Loi ca gp
C hai phng php (Creation Method) to ca:
Rng / Su / Cao
Rng / Cao / Su
- Hy Creation Method theo cch th nht; bn hy xoay vng nhn bng Arc Rotate sao cho bn d dng truy cp c
cc im rng \ su \ cao ca khu vc chun b to ca.
- Click ly lnh Pivot, r bt dnh ti im u mt bn ngoi pha di ca ca gi mouse
v r sang im i din ca u ca bn kia, th mouse
- a mouse bt dnh vo pha trong su ca ngch ca di, click mouse
- a mouse, tip tc bt dnh im u mt di bn ngoi ca ngch ca trn, click.
- Bn va hon tt chic ca u tin,
- m ca ra, m Modify tng gi tr Open ln vd: 30
- Mun c hai cnh ca: kim vo Double doors
- cnh ca m vo trong nh: kim: Flip Swing
- i bn l ca: kim: Flip Hinge
Vi k thut tng t bn hy lm quen vi cc loi ca, v to tt c cc ca i, ca s cho
cn phng.
Cch to ca s cng tng t trn, bn nn lm quen vi tt c cc lnh to ca s nhn
dng chng.

- Merge cc c thit k t cc bi tp trc vo, sp t v tr
- Dng lnh File\ Merge nhp cc c c thit k t trc vo.
- V d nh b bn gh, bn mt chn cng vi ly, cc, m, cu thang, t, cc bc tranh, bnh bng, k v. v.
- Sp t v tng gim kch c sao cho hi ha vi khng gian chung ca phng
- Bn cng phi to thm hai Box, lm trn v sn nh na.
Hng dn ging dy


Bin tp Cht liu
- cc ca c cht liu g king nh trong hnh bth 5. 11 trn, bn phi bin tp mt cht liu a hp (Multi\ Sub-Object).
- V cc ca mc nh c t ID cho tng phn nh sau:
- Phn khun bao (Frame) ID: 1
- Phn cc panel ID: 2
- Phn gia_king (Glass) ID: 3
- Cht liu Multi\ Sub-Object cho php bin tp nhiu loi cht liu khc nhau theo tng s ID khc nhau; theo i
tng c p cht liu s th hin cht lu ng theo s ID tng ng.
- GM, m Material Editor, kch Get Material, chn Multi\ Sub-Object trong danh sch ca Browse From \ New \ OK.
- Click Set Number, v g 3 trong hp thoi ri OK, cn li ng 3 thanh cht liu tng ng vi 3 ID m thi.
- Vi Hp thoi Material\ Maps Browser cn ang m, Chn mt cht liu g ty , r th vo thanh cht liu ca ID s 1;
- Lp li tng t vi thanh cht liu ca ID s 2;
- Vi cht liu ID th ba l cht liu king trong sut hy lm nh sau:
- Click vo thanh cht liu ID 3; ti cp Standard hin hnh, gim Opacity = 0
- Mu ca Diffuse v Ambien xm en.
- Map vo thnh phn Reflection ha bitmap vi tp tin Sky. jpg (\\ 3dsmax 3\maps\skies) l nh chp bu tri xanh vi
nhng ng my trng, khi c p vo thnh phn reflection s to mt cht liu king trong vi sc xanh.
- Click Go to Parent, gim Amount ca thnh phn reflection i mt cht sao cho nhn hin thc hn mt cht, vd: 80
- Go to Parent ln na tr ra cp u tin bn c kt qa nh hnh hnh bth 5. 12 &5. 13 di y.

Cht liu a hp vi s kt hp ca 3 cht liu khc nhau

Hng dn ging dy


Cht liu a hp vi 3 thanh bin tp 3 cht liu khc nhau
cho cc ca i, ca s
Chn tt c ca i, ca s t tn cho tp chn v p cht liu ny cho chng.
t tn cho tp chn
- t tn cho tp chn, sau khi chn ht tt c cc i tng cn thit, trong
trng hp ny l cc loi ca trong khung cnh, trn thanh cng c bn cnh
lnh Align l mt hp danh sch b trng ni t tn cho cc tp chn, hy
click mouse vo v g tnCUA;
Mc ch ca vic t tn tp chn l thun tin cho vic chn i chn li mt lc nhiu i tng khc nhau, ti nhiu v tr khc nhau; Vi
cch chn thng thng, s lm mt nhiu thi gian hn l bn ch cn b cng chn mt ln ri t cho chng mt tn trong hp danh sch
ny, sau bt c lc no cn, bn ch cn truy cp chng qua hp danh sch ny l .
- Cht liu tng sn si bng chc nng ca thnh phn Bump
- Vi cht liu mi, t tntuong; Bn mun tng mu g, thnh phn Diffuse bn c chn
mu .
- tng sau khi p cht liu c dng v sn si nh l tng qut vi.
- Thnh phn Bump, bn np vo ho Noise, y l mt ho th tc vi nhng mu en
trng li lm; sau bn gim thng s Size=4; Tng Blur ln mt cht s sn si sc
cnh hn.
- Go to Parent, gim Amount (Bump) = 15
- p cho Tng. Nh Save File thng xuyn.
- Camera
quan st cn phng ti tng khu vc hay bao qut khp phngBn cn phi to t nht mt Camera.
Tng t bi thc hnh s 4, bn cng ly lnh Target trong tab lnh Create\ Camera, r to ti vng nhn Top nh hnh mu

- Sau bn chuyn vng Perfective thnh vng Camera bng cch chn vng v g phmC, iu chnh vng Camera sao
cho bn c mt gc nhn p nht.
- Din hot Camera bao qut cn phng
- to mt khung nhn chuyn ng, bn phi to Camera v dng vng Camera din hot, c nhiu cch din
hot mt vng Camera; Trong khun kh bi hc ny tc gi ch cp n cch din trc tip trn Camera m thi.
- Bt nt Animate, di chuyn thanh trt thi gian ti frame s 50;
- Ti vng nhn Top, t v tr gc nh hnh bth 5. 15; bn di chuyn ch ca Camera n v tr mi.
- Tip tc ti frame s 100, bn di chuyn ngun ca Camera ti gn ch hn mt cht.

Ha Noise
Hng dn ging dy


Camera ti khung hnh 100
Lu : Va din hot, bn va quan st vng Camera, xem kt qu.
Sau bt nt Play trnh din hot cnh:
Khung nhn s chuyn v tr v trong bn tri mt cht, v t t cn cnh hn.
Bn nn thc hin nhiu ln cch din hot ny t rt ra kinh nghim cho mnh
Mc ch ca vic din Camera trc tip ti vng nhn Top: cho khung nhn Camera khng b git ln xung, ch lia ngang dc,
ton cnh, cn cnh m thi.
Khi no bn mun nhn chch ln hoc chch xung g th bn mi sang vng Front hoc Left, di chuyn ngun hoc ch
ca camera ln hoc xung
S dng b nt lnh iu hng vng nhn cho vng Camera din hot cng c nhng trong mt vi trng hp th vic iu
khin kh hn l din hot trc tip theo cch trn
Chiu sng
- B sung nh sng
- Mt trong nhng kha cnh quan trng nu khng mun ni l quan trng nht ca mt kt xut nh hay hot cnh p l
nh sng.
- Ngun sng cung cp nh sng cho khung cnh cng nh em li cm gic v chiu su v tnh hin thc thng qua vic s
dng bng . Mt khung cnh c chiu sng tt trng hn l mt khung cnh c gc nhn camera tt v vt liu tt
nhng li c chiu sng km.
- Bn s s dng k thut to, ging nh sng v hiu chnh nh sng ca bi thc hnh truc s 4 to ra cc ngun sng,
nhm chiu sng khung cnh.
Gi tr Multiplier nh ni t bth s 4 dng xc lp cng chiu sng, bn c th to cc ngun sng cng thp c
hiu qu tinh t hoc lm sng rc khung cnh ln bng ngun sng c cng cao. Thm ch khi xc lp cng gi tr m s
ly bt nh sng ra khi khung cnh, nu cn.
Chiu sng vi Exclude\ Include (loi tr \ thm vo)
- Nt lnh Exclude bn c th thy ti bng modify pha bn phi chn mu trong bng cun Light.
- Nt ny c hai chc nng Include (thm vo) hoc Exclude (loi tr)
- Bn c th s dng mt trong hai chc nng ny thng qua hp thoi Exlude / Include
- Bn c th chn mt hay nhiu i tng t danh sch bn tri ca hp thoi v a chng qua danh sch bn phi, ty
theo chc nng Exlude hay Include ang c bt, m cc i tng c a qua s c bao gp vo chiu sng
hay b loi tr ra.
Vi cc thuc tnh nh Illumination (chiu sng), to bng (Shadow casting), bn c th la chn ch chiu sng thi m khng
to bng cho nhng i tng , hay l ch to bng m khng chiu sng hoc l c hai Both va chiu sng va to bng
.

Vi s hiu bit ny bn c th cho mt ngun sng ch chiu sng v ht bng cc vt ti gc tng bn ny thi m khng
lm rc sng cc khu vc khc v. v
Kt xut hot cnh
Trong Max bn c th render bt c khung nhn no ngoi tr khung nhn Trackview.
Hng dn ging dy


Ngoi ra bn cng c th render mt khu vc no ca khung cnh. Thng qua cc b nt lnh Render m chng ta s tm hiu
trong bi din hot sau ny.
ng dng gi : Thit k cc dng phng khch, phng ng, nh bp, sp t ni tht vi cc vt thch hp.

(VNS) - KHTN-HCM 3DSMAX

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