HNG DN THC HNH C BN MATHEMATICA

I/ Cc php ton s hc
+, -, *, /, ^
II/Cch khai bo cc hm s c bn (c sn)
Hm s c bn c khai bo bng lnh
( ) f x x f[x_]:=Abs[x]
( ) f x x f[x_]:=Sqrt[x] hoc f[x_]:=x^(1/2)
( )
n m
f x x
f[x_]:=x^(m/n)
( ) f x sinx
f[x_]:=Sin[x]
( ) f x cosx
f[x_]:=Cos[x]
( ) f x tgx
f[x_]:=Tan[x]
( ) f x cotgx
f[x_]:=Cot[x]
1
osx
( ) sec
c
f x x f[x_]:=Sec[x]
1
sin
( ) csc
x
f x x f[x_]:=Csc[x]
( ) f x arcsinx
f[x_]:=ArcSin[x]
( ) f x arccosx
f[x_]:=ArcCos[x]
( ) f x arctgx
f[x_]:=ArcTan[x]
( ) f x arccotgx
f[x_]:=ArcCot[x]
( )
a
f x log x
f[x_]:=Log[a,x]
( ) f x lgx
f[x_]:=Log[10,x]
( ) f x lnx
f[x_]:=Log[E,x] hoc f[x_]:=Log[x]
( )
x
f x a
f[x_]:=a^x
( )
x
f x e
f[x_]:=E^x
2
( ) ( )
x x
e e
f x ch x

+

f[x_]:=Cosh[x]
2
( ) ( )
x x
e e
f x sh x

f[x_]:=Sinh[x]
( )
( )
( ) ( )
x x
x x
sh x
e e
ch x
e e
f x th x

+

f[x_]:=Tanh[x]
( )
( )
( ) ( )
x x
x x
ch x
e e
sh x
e e
f x cth x

f[x_]:=Coth[x]
1
III/Cnh khai bo mt hm s mi
1/ Khai bo hm gi tr thc, bin thc
Th d1(hm mt bin): hm
3
( ) . . .
x
f x x sinx ln x e cosx + c khai bo bng lnh
f[x_]:=x*Sin[x]+(Log[x]^3)*(E^x)*Cos[x]
Th d 2 (hm nhiu bin):
Cc hm
2 2
( , ) . . f x y x y y sin x + , ( , , ) . . .
xy
g x y z x cotgy y cotgz z e + + c khai bo nh
sau.
f[x_,y_]:= x*y^2+y*(Sin[x])^2 ]
g[x_,y_,z_]:=x*Cot[y]+y*Cot[z]+z*E^(x*y)
2/Khai bo hm thc bin vc t
Th d 3: Khai bo hm chun mt bin vc
( ) f x x

,
1 2
( , ,..., ) R
T n
n
x x x x e nh
sau gi thit nhp n trc (theo l thuyt
{1,...,n} i
i
x Max x
e

)
f[x_]:=Max[ Table[ Abs[ x[[i]] ] , {i,1,n}] ]
Th d 4: Khai bo hm chun hai bin vc t t (p dng tnh khong cch gia
hai im
x
v
y
trong khng gian nh chun
R
n
)
( , ) f x y x y


,
1 2
( , ,..., ) R
T n
n
x x x x e ,
1 2
( , ,..., ) R
T n
n
y y y y e gi thit nhp n trc (theo l
thuyt
{1, n} i
i i
x y Max x y
e

L
)
f[x_,y_]:=Max[ Table[ Abs[ x[[i]]-y[[i]] ] ,{i,1,n}] ]
Ch Gi tr ca n c th ly bng lnh tnh s phn t ca ma trn ct x
Length[x]
Th d 5: Khai bo hm chun bin ma trn.
Cho ma trn ( )
ij
m n
A a

, theo l thuyt
{1,...,m}
1
( )
i
n
ij
j
A Max a
e

_
. Khi hm chun
ca ma trn ny c c khai bo nh sau (gi thit nhp trc cc gi
tr ca m, n)
2
f[A_]:=Max[ Table[ Sum[Abs[A[[i,j]]],{j,1,n}] , {i,1,m}] ]
3/ Khai bo hm gi tr vc t
Th d 6: Khai bo hm
1
.
2
3
.
F( ,y,z)= .
. .
y z
x y x z
f
x f x e
x siny y cosz f
+ + _
_



+
,
,
bng lnh
F[x_,y_,z_]:={ x+y+z , x*E^(y*z) , x*Sin[y]+y*Cos[z] }
IV/Gii ton bng Mathematica
1/ Gii ton i s v gii tch
1.1/ V th hm s trong mt phng( trong khng gian hai chiu)
-V th hm mt bin
( ), [a,b] y f x x e

Plot[ f[x] , {x,a,b} ]
-V trn cng mt h trc ta th ca hai hm s
( ), ( ) y f x y g x
,
[a,b] xe
.
Plot[ {f[x],g[x]} , {x,a,b} ]
-V th ca hm cho bi phng trnh tham s ( honh v tung l hm
bin t )
{
( )
, [a,b]
( )
x x t
t
y y y

ParametricPlot[ {x[t],y[t]} , {t,a,b} ]

1.2/ V th hm s trong khng gian ba chiu
- V th ca mt hm hai bin( th l mt mt trong khng gian ba chiu)
( , ) z f x y
,
[a,b], [c,d] x y e e
.
Plot3D[ f[x,y] , {x,a,b} , {y,c,d} ]
V th ca mt mt cho bi phng trnh tham s(c ba ta ca im
thuc mt u l hm ca hai bin t,s. (t v s l hai tham s).
3
( , )
( , )
( , )
x x t s
y y t s
z z t s

'

,
[a,b]
s [c,d]
t e
e
ParametricPlot3D[ {x[t,s],y[t,s],z[t,s]} , {t,a,b} , {s,c,d}]
1.3/ Cc gii hn
( )
x a
lim f x
>
,
( )
x a
lim f x

>
,
( )
x a
lim f x
+
>
,
( )
x
lim f x
>+
,
( )
x
lim f x
>
ln lt c tnh bng cc lnh.
Limit[f[x],x->a]
Limit[f[x],x->a, Direction->-1]
Limit[f[x],x->a, Direction->1]
Limit[f[x],x->Infinity]
Limit[f[x],x-> -Infinity]
1.4/ Tnh o hm cp n ca hm
f
(
f
c th c nhiu bin ) theo bin
x
bng
lnh
D[ f , {x,n} ]
Ch : Nu tnh o hm cp 1 c th dng lnh D[ f ,x]
1.5/ Tnh o hm ca hm vc t
Th d 7: Cho hm s
1
.
2
3
.
F( ,y,z)= .
. .
y z
x y x z
f
x f x e
x siny y cosz f
+ + _
_



+
,
,
Sau khi khai bo hm bng lnh
F[x_,y_,z_]:={x+y+z,x*E^(y*z),x*Sin[y]+y*Cos[z]}
Ta tnh c cc ma trn ct
1
2
3
f
x
f
x
f
x
o
o
o
o
o
o
_




,
,
1
2
3
f
y
f
y
f
y
o
o
o
o
o
o
_




,
v
1
2
3
f
z
f
z
f
z
o
o
o
o
o
o
_




,
ln lt bng lnh
D[F[x,y,z],x]
D[F[x,y,z],y]
D[F[x,y,z],z]
T mun tnh ma trn o hm
4
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
F ( , , )
'
f f f
x y z
f f f
x y z
f f f
x y z
x y z
o o o
o o o
o o o
o o o
o o o
o o o
_






,
th dng lnh
Transpose[ { D[F[x,y,z],x] , D[F[x,y,z],y] , D[F[x,y,z],z] } ]
Tuy nhin, nu mun tnh
F (1,3, 7)
'
ta phi c mo nh nh sau
dh[x_,y_,z_]:=Transpose[{D[F[u,v,w],u] ,D[F[u,v,w],v] ,D[F[u,v,w],w]}]/.{u->x,v->y,w->z}
dh[1,3,7]
Ch : Ngi c t kim tra nu ta tnh
F (1,3, 7)
'
bng mt trong hai cch sau
th mc phi sai lm g ?
Cch 1: Transpose[{D[F[1,3,7],x] ,D[F[1,3,7],y] ,D[F[1,3,7],z]}]
Cch 2: dh[x_,y_,z_]:=Transpose[ {D[F[x,y,z],x] , D[F[x,y,z],y] , D[F[x,y,z],z]} ]
dh[1,3,7]
1.5/ Tnh nguyn hm ca hm
( ) f x
theo bin
x
bng lnh
Integrate[ f[x] , x]
1.6/ Tnh tch phn ca hm
( ) f x
, trn on
[a,b]
(kt qu l s thp phn)
bng lnh
NIntegrate[ f[x] , {x,a,b} ]
2/ Gii ton i s tuyn tnh
2.1/ Khai bo cc ma trn bit trc cc phn t
5
Th d 8: cc ma trn
[ ]
X= 2 1 4 3
,
3
4
5
Y=
12
10
21
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
,
1 2 4
5 2 4
2 1 7
A
1
1

1
1
]
c khai bo ln lt
bng lnh
X={2,1,4,3};
Y={{3},{4},{5},{12},{10},{21}};
A={{1,2,4},{5,2,4}, {2,1,7}};
Mun ly phn t th k ca X ta dng lnh
X[[k]]
Mun ly phn t th k ca Y ta dng lnh
Y[[k,1]]
Mun ly phn t hng i ct j ca ma trn A ta dng lnh
A[[i,j]]
Ch : Trong khai bo trn X c hiu l ma trn 1 ct 4 hng, Y c hiu l
ma trn 1 ct 6 hng, A l ma trn 3 hng 3 ct.
2.2/ Khai bo ma trn ch bit trc c ca ma trn, cn gi tr ca phn t trn
mi hng, mi ct cha bit.
Sau khi khai bo gi tr ca m v n th khai bo ma trn A c m hng n ct
bng lnh.
A=Table[a[[i,j]],{i,1,m},{j,1,n}]
2.3/ Khai bo ma trn c bit
ma trn n v cp n
IdentityMatrix[n]
6
ma trn vung cp 5 m cc phn t nm trn ng cho ln lt l
a,b,c,d,e. Cc phn t nm ngoi ng cho bng khng.
DiagonalMatrix[a,b,c,d,e]
2.4/ Cc php ton ma trn
- Php cng, tr v nhn hai ma trn A vi B c thc hin bi lnh
A+B
A-B
A.B
Ch : Nhn hai s thc l du sao cn nhn hai ma trn l du chm.
Chuyn v ca ma trn A
Transpose[A]
Nu A l ma trn kh nghch th ma trn nghch o c tnh
Inverse[A]
Nu A l ma trn vung th nh thc c tnh
Det[A]
Ch :
C bn loi mc c s dng trong chng trnh Mathematica
{ } cp mc nhn
[ ] cp mc vung n
[[ ]] cp mc vung kp
( ) cp mc trn
Du mc vung n [ ] bt buc phi dng khi gi mt hm c sn hoc
khai bo mt hm s mi nh trong cc th d trn.
Du mc vung kp [[ ]] bt buc c s dng khi gi n mt phn t
ca mt ma trn.
7
Du mc nhn { } c s dng theo ng mu lnh ca phn mm
Th d 9: Lnh tnh tch phn NIntegrate[ f[x] , {x,a,b} ]
Lnh nhp ma trn trn X={2,1,4,3}
Du mc trn ( ) c s dng khi trnh by cc biu thc ton
Th d 10: Biu thc
1 3
2
.( lg )
x
e sin x
lnx tgx x
+
+
+
c vit trong Mathematica nh sau
((E^(x+1))+Sin[x]^3)/(Log[x](Tan[x]+Log[x]^2))

Sau khi bm t hp phm Shift +Enter ta c kt qu
Li thng gp khi g cng thc trn
G sai G ng
e^(x+1) E^(x+1)
E^x+1 E^(x+1)
E^[x+1] E^(x+1) hoc Exp[x+1]
Sin^3[x] (Sin[x])^3 hoc Sin[x]^3
Sin(x)^3 Sin[x]^3
sin[x]^3 Sin[x]^3
Ln(x) Log[x] hoc Log[E,x]
ln[x] Log[x]
Log^2[x] Log[x]^2
lg[x] Log[10,x]
2.5/ Lnh gii h phng trnh A.X=B sau khi nhp hai ma trn A v B
LinearSolve[A,B]
8
V/ Lp trnh n gin h tr mn Phng php tnh
V hai l do sau
Thi gian ca mn Phng php tnh ch c hn
Phn mm Mathematica ch l mt trong nhng cng c h tr cho mn hc
cho nn y chng ta ch xt mt s lnh c bn gii quyt cc bi ton
t ra ca mn hc. Nhng ai c nhu cu cao hn c th t hc tp thm qua
phn hng dn Help ca phn mm Mathematica

1/ Mun lp li cc cng vic vic 1, vic 2, , vic k n ln ta dng lnh Do
nh sau
Do[vic 1;vic 2;; vic k, {n}]
Ch cc cng vic cch nhau bi du chm phy
Cng vic cui cng c kt thc bi du phy
Cc dng khc ca lnh Do
Thc hin cng thc theo mt ch s A[i] trong
1, i n
bng lnh
Do[A[i] ,{i,1,n}]
Thc hin cng thc theo hai ch s A[i,j] trong
1, i n
,
1, j m
bng lnh
Do[A[i,j] ,{i,1,n},{j,1,m}]
2/ Chng no biu thc lgic bt cn c gi tr ng th ta cn thc hin lp li
cc cng vic vic 1, vic 2, , vic k . Khi ta s dng lnh While lp
trnh nh sau
While[bt ,vic 1;vic 2;; vic k]
Ch :
Sau bt l du phy.
9
Gia hai vic cch nhau bi du chm phy.
3/ Trong mi bc lp i khi ta cn tng gi tr ca bin nguyn n thm p n
v ta dng lnh sau
n+=p
4/ - in ra mn hnh gia tr ca mt bin x ta dng lnh Print nh sau
Print[x]
in ra mn hnh mt on k t ksahhoiuhlszscl ta dng lnh Print nh
sau( trong lnh Print on k t c t trong du nhy kp)
Print["ksahhoiuhlszscl "]
Ch : -nu in c k t v bin th gia k t v bin c cch nhau bi du
phy
Th d lnh sau s in ra c k t ksahhoiuhlszscl v bin x
Print["ksahhoiuhlszscl " , x]
Kt thc lnh Print khng c du chm phy
VI. LUYN TP TRN MATHEMATICA 2.2
A/ V th
-V th cc hm trong bi tp 1, 2, 5 trang 90, 91 (gio trnh Don Tam He)
B/ Tnh gii hn
- Lm bi tp 1 trang 112 (gio trnh Don Tam He )
C/ Tnh o hm
Lm bi tp 2 trang 112, 113 (gio trnh Don Tam He )
10
Tnh cc ma trn
'
( ) F X
v
' (0) 1
( ( )) F X

, trong
1.
2 2 2
1
2 2
2
( , ) 19( )
( )
( , )
7( )
f x y x xy y x y
F X
f x y
x xy y x y
_
+ + _



+ ,
,
,
(0)
(19.0, 40.0)
T
X

2.
5 4 2
1
5 4 2
2
5 4 2
3
2 2
( , , )
( ) ( , , ) 2 2
( , , )
2 2
x y x y
f x y z
F X f x y z y z y z
f x y z
z x z x
_
+
_

+



+
,
,
,
(0)
(3,1, 2)
T
X
D/ Tnh tch phn
1. 3 2 2 2
1
( ) x x a
dx
+
l 2.
3
2 2 2
( )
x
x a
dx

l
3.
4
2 2 2
( )
x
x a
dx

l
4.
3
3 3
x
x a
dx
+
l
5.
3
3 3 2
( )
x
x a
dx
+
l

6. 3 3 3 2
1
( ) x x a
dx
+
l 7. 4 4 4 2
1
( ) x x a
dx

l 8.
3
.
x
a x b
dx
+
l
9. 3 2
1
( . ) x a x b
dx
+
l
10.
. . x a x bdx +
l
11.
3
. . x a x bdx +
l
12.
3
.
x
a x b
dx
+
l
13.
5
(2 3)
7. 2
x
x
dx
+
+
l
14. 5
1
(2 1) 7. 2 x x
dx
+ +
l
15. 7
3 4
(5 8)
x
x
dx
+
+
l
16.
2 11
7
(4 ) x
x
dx

l
17.
3
3 2
1
. (5 ) x x
dx

l
18.
12
2 13
(2. 3 9)
x
x x
dx
+
l
19.
3 7
.sin (3 ) x x dx
l
20.
9
5
sin (3 ) x
x
dx
l
21.
5
17
sin (2 )
x
x
dx
l
22. 2
1
(2sin3 4cos 2 ) 7 x x
dx
+ +
l
23. 2 3
1
(5sin 3 4) x
dx
+
l 24.
7
2
tan 3
cos 2
x
x
dx
l
25.
7
21
tan 3
sin 3
co x
x
dx
l
26.
7
2
3
tan 3
cos 2
x
x
x dx
l
27.
2
2
3
x
e
x
dx

l
28.
3
.ln
x
e xdx

l
29.
3 5
.sin 2
x
e xdx

l
30.
3
.ln( 2) x x dx

+
l
31.
3 5 2 2
.ln ( ) x x x a dx

+ +
l
32.
6 5
.ln (3 4) x x dx

+
l
33.
3
2 2
2 2
.ln( )
x
x a
x x a dx

+ +
l
34.
5
x
3
.arcsin( ) x dx
l

35.
5
3
x
.arcsin( ) x dx

l
36.
5 2 7
x
3
.( 9) .arcsin( ) x x dx +
l
37.
5 2 4
x
3
.( 9) .arcsin( ) x x dx

+
l
38.
5 2 4
x
3
.( 9) .arccotan( ) x x dx

+
l
39.
8 2 4
x
3
.( 9) .arctan( ) x x dx

+
l
40.
20
1
x
x
e
dx
+
l
41.
/ 2
2
1
4
0
1 sin xdx
r

l
42.
1
arctan
0
x
x
dx
l
43.
2
1
0
x
e dx
l
44.
4
0
2 x dx
l
45.
1 cos 2
2
0
x
dx
r
+
l
11
46.
2
1
ln
e
x x
e
dx
l
47.
3
1
1 5 1
0
x x
dx
+ + +
l
48.
1
arcsin
1
0
x
x
dx
+
l
49.
2
/ 3
sin
cos
/ 3
x x
x
dx
r
r
l
50
2
1
ln(1 )
1
0
x
x
dx
+
+
l
51.
ln 2
0
1
x
e dx
l
52.
2
1
cos
1
1
x x
x
dx
+

l
53.
2
/ 2
1 2
/ 2
sin
x
x
x dx
r
r
+

l
54.
3
/ 2
cos
cos sin
0
x
x x
dx
r
+
l
55.
2
3 2
1
sin
1
0
x
x
dx

l
56.
1
2
0
ln x xdx
l
57.
3
1
. ln
1
e
x x
dx
l
58.
1
cos(ln )
e
x dx
r
l
59.
2
sin
1 cos
0
x x
x
dx
r
+
l
60.
3
1
1
0
x
x
e
e
dx

+
l
61.
1
2006
0
1 x xdx
l

62.
2
0
sin(2002 sin ) x x dx
r
+
l
63.
0
( sin2006 sin2007 ) x x dx
r

l
64.
1
2006
0
sin( ) x x dx r
l

E/ Nhp vo cc ma trn v thc hin cc tnh ton cng, tr, nhn ma trn.
Tnh ma trn chuyn v, nh thc v ma trn ngc ca mt ma trn nu c
Bi 1: Tnh A+B, A-B, 3A , 3A-3B,
T
A
,
T
B
v (3A-3B)
T
1.
1 1
2 1
A

1

]
,
2 1
1 8
B

1

]
2.
1 2
2 1
A
1

1
]
,
3 2
4 2
B

1

1
]
3.
6 1
2 4
3 5
A

1
1

1
1
]
,
1 4
1 5
1 10
B
1
1

1
1
]
4.
2 1 1
1 1 4
A
1

1

]
,
2 3 4
3 1 2
B

1

1

]
5.
2 2 1 0 1
1 1 2 0 1
A

1

1

]
,
1 1 1 1 0
3 4 9 6 7
B

1

1

]
Bi 2: Cho
2 1
1 0
3 4
A

1
1

1
1
]
v
0 3
2 0
4 1
B
1
1

1
1
]
, hy tnh
1.
3 2 A B
2. 2 4 A B + 3.
3 1
2 2
A B

+

Bi 3: Tnh ma trn ij
( ) .
m n
C c A B

.
Dng lnh Sum[] tnh
12
c
,
32
c
v
23
c
1.
0 1 0
4 0 2
8 1 7
A

1
1

1
1
]
,
2 1
3 4
1 6
B
1
1

1
1
]
2.
5 0 0
0 8 0
0 0 7
A
1
1

1
1
]
,
1
5
1
2
0 0
0 8 0
0 0
B
1
1
1
1
1
]
Bi 4: Tnh nh thc ca cc ma trn sau
1.
1
5
1
2
0 0
0 8 0
0 0
1
1
1
1
1
]
2.
6 3 7
0 0 0
4 6 3

1
1
1
1
]
3.
0.3 0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2 0.2
0.4 0.4 0.3
1
1
1
1
]
4.
6 0 3 5
4 13 6 8
1 0 7 4
8 6 0 2

1
1

1
1
1
]
12
Bi 5: Tm ma trn nghch o nu c ca cc ma trn sau
1.
2 17 11
1 11 7
0 3 2

1
1

1
1
]
2.
2 0 1 1
3 0 0 1
1 1 2 1
4 1 1 0
1
1
1
1
1

]
3.
1 2 1 1
4 9 5 6
0 1 1 1
3 5 3 3

1
1

1
1
1

]
4.
1
3
3 1 1 3
3 1 2 3
.
0 1 1 0
3 2 1 0

1
1

1
1
1

]
Bi 6: Tnh chun ca cc ma trn trong bi tp 5 theo chun v cng

Bi 7: Gii h phng trnh
. A X B
bng lnh
LinearSolve[ , ] A B
1.
2 17 11
1 11 7
0 3 2
A

1
1

1
1
]
,
1
2
3
B
1
1

1
1
]
2.
2 0 1 1
3 0 0 1
1 1 2 1
4 1 1 0
1
1
1
1
1

]
,
1.4
2.6
1
4
B
1
1
1

1
1

]

3.
1 2 1 1
4 9 5 6
0 1 1 1
3 5 3 3
A

1
1

1

1
1

]
,
3
2
2
7
B
1
1
1

1
1

]
4.
1
3
3 1 1 3
3 1 2 3
.
0 1 1 0
3 2 1 0

1
1

1
1
1

]
,
2
4
2
5
B

1
1
1

1
1

]
13