PHNG PHP CHIA TH THEO S

Khi gp mt cu v chia th ta xem xt xem hnh ng trong thuc khu vc no trong 3 khu vc sau: - Xy ra sut qu trnh thi gian - Xy ra ri - ang xy ra trc mt - Cha xy ra Nu ta thy hnh ng lc no cng c, lc trc cng c, sau ny cng c, ni chung l trn biu thi gian ch no cng c n th ta phn loi chng vo nhm Xy ra sut qu trnh thi gian, v ta chia th hin ti n cho nhm ny. Nu ta thy hnh ng xy ra ri th ta xp chng vo nhm - Xy ra ri , nhm ny c biu th khu vc bn tri ca s gm cc th sau : qu kh n, qu kh hon thnh, hin ti hon thnh - hon tt c thi gian xc nh: qu kh n - hon tt khng c thi gian xc nh : hin ti hon thnh - C trc - sau : qu kh hon thnh cho hnh ng trc v qu kh n cho hnh ng sau. Nu ta thy hnh ng ang xy ra trc mt, ta xp vo nhm ang xy ra trc mt v dng hin ti tip din. Nu ta thy hnh ng cha xy ra ri th ta xp chng vo nhm - Cha xy ra. Nhm ny nm khu vc bn phi s : Nu c 2 hnh ng trc -sau th hnh ng xy ra trc dng tng lai hon thnh, hnh ng xy ra sau dngtng lai n Lu nu trc mnh c ch "khi" ( when, as, after, before, by the time...) th khng c dng will

V d 1: When a child, I usually (walk) to school. Cu ny nu hc vt, thy usually th vi chia hin ti n l tiu. Phn tch coi sao: when a child ( khi ti cn nh) vy l chuyn xy ra ri =>Nu lm trc nghim th cc em loi ht cc th bn phi s (cc th tng lai, hin ti), khng c ni trc- sau nn loi lun qu kh hon thnh, ch cn li hin ti hon thnh v qu kh n thi. Thy c thi gian xc nh ( when a child) nn dung qu kh n xong V d 2: When I came, he ( already go) for 15 minutes. Cu ny cng vy, nu lm theo thi quen thy already c ch hin ti hon thnh l sai. Phi xem xt 2 hnh ng, khi ti n, anh ta i ri=> 2 hnh ng trc sau => hnh ng xy ra trc chia qu kh hon thnh => had already gone

CCH CHIA TH KHI GP CH WHEN

1) i vi trng hp cha xy ra :
+ Nu hai hnh ng xy ra lin tc nhau:
Bn c when chia th hin ti n, bn khng c when chia th tng lai n V d: Tomorrow I will give her this book when I meet her (gp ri tip sau l trao sch )

+ Nu hai hnh ng ct ngang nhau:

Hnh ng ang xy ra dng tng lai tip din, hnh ng ct ngang chia th tng lai n V d: Tomorrow when you arrive at the airport, I will be standing at the gate.(bn n lc ti ang i )

+ Hai hnh ng trc sau (hnh ng ny hon tt trc mt hnh ng khc xy ra )

Hnh ng xy ra trc dng th tng lai hon thnh, hnh ng xy ra sau dng th tng lai n (nh khi gp ch KHI th phi b WILL ) V d: By the time you come ,I will have gone out . ( By the time = before : trc khi )

2) i vi trng hp xy ra ri :
+ Nu hai hnh ng ct ngang nhau (mt hnh ng ny ang xy ra th c mt hnh ng khc ct ngang )
Hnh ng ang xy ra dng Qa kh tip din Hnh ng ct ngang dng Qa kh n V d: I was playing soccer when it began to rain.(ma ct ngang hnh ng chi bng) Cch nhn dng ra loi ny: Phi dch ngha ca cu,cc ng t ct ngang thng l :come, meet, see, start, begin..

+ Nu hai hnh ng xy ra lin tc hoc ng thi nhau:

C hai hnh ng u chia Qa kh n Du hiu nhn bit l : - Dch ngha thy 2 hnh ng xy ra lin tc nhau V d: When he came home, he opened the door. - Khi mnh when c cc ch sau: lived, was, were V d: When Mr cucku lived in HCM city, he studied at TBT school. When he was a child, he had a habit of getting up late.

+ Hai hnh ng trc sau (hnh ng ny hon tt trc mt hnh ng khc xy ra )

Hnh ng xy ra trc dng Qa kh hon thnh, hnh ng sau dng Qa kh n Cch nhn ra loi ny :

- Cc du hiu thng gp l :already, for + khong thi gian, just V d: When I came, he had already gone out. (khi ti n anh ta i ri ) When I came, he had gone out for two hours .(khi ti n anh ta i c hai ting ri ) - Cng c th dch qua ngha V d: I didnt meet Tom because when I came, he had gone out .(du hiu l do ti khng gp -> i ri )

CCH CHIA CC TH TIP DIN

V d, mt trong nhng ng cnh phi dng tip din l mt hnh ng ang xy ra b mt hnh ng khc ct ngang th hnh ng ang xy ra phi dng tip din, cn dng th g tip din th phi xem thi gian xy ra u. V d: Tomorrow I ( wait) for you here when you come. ( ct nhau tng lai => dng tng lai tip din : will be waiting ) Yesterday I (eat ) lunch when he came. ( ct nhau qu kh => dng qu kh tip din : was eating ) Nh cc em bit, th tip din thng c dch l "ang", nh vy cc em cng thy n hm ch s ko di trong , hoc ang din ra trc mt. T , cc em nn c mt s hiu bit tng qut cc trng hp no "ang xy ra" hay "xy ra ko di" th lc ta c xu hng chia tip din.

1) Cc trng hp dng tip din :

+ Khi mt hnh ng xy ra mt thi im chnh xc:
Thng c du hiu l : At + gi + thi gian tng lai/ qu kh At this time + thi gian tng lai/ qu kh

+ Khi mt hnh ng xy ra ngay lc ni:

Trng hp d s c du hiu cho ta nhn bit nh:
Lc ni l hin ti thng c du hiu: Now At the present At the moment Lc ni l qu kh thng c du hiu: At that time ( lc ) Then ( lc )

Trng hp kh s khng c du hiu r rng cho ta nhn bit m phi bit suy lun:
- Cu mnh lnh: Be quiet! Someone is knocking at the door. ( cm t "be quiet" cho ta bit thi im ang ni hin ti nn dng hin ti tip din) - T cnh: It was a beautiful morning. Birds were singing in the trees. ( cu u cho ta bit nhng con chim ANG ht ) - Cu hi: Where is your mother? She is cooking in the kitchen. ( hi " u" ngm l "ang u" ngay lc ni ) Hai trng hp trn cc em cng thy l thuc v khi nim " ang xy ra", cn trng hp "ko di" th bao gm cc trng hp sau:

+ Khi mt hnh ng ang xy ra th mt hnh ng khc ct ngang:

- Hnh ng ang xy ra s dng tip din. ( hnh ng ct ngang dng n) Xem v d trn nh.

+ Khi hai hnh ng ang xy ra ng thi nhau:

Khi y ta s dng tip din cho c hai. V d: While I was eating, my mother was cooking. ( qu kh nn dng qu kh tip din)- Ng cnh ny a s dng cho qu kh, cn tng lai him khi thy dng.

+ Khi mt hnh ng xy ra trc v ko di n mt thi im no - cng c khi chm dt nhng ni chung l thi gian cng gn vi thi im . ( thng mang n kt qu no ti thi im )
- Nu thi im QU KH th dng QU KH hon thnh tip din. - Nu thi im HIN TI th dng HIN TI hon thnh tip din. - Nu thi im TNG LAI th dng TNG LAI hon thnh tip din. Cc em cng thy trong 3 trng hp trn cc ch in hoa th hin s ging nhau trong cng thc, t cc em ch cn hc ci chung ch khng cn nh tng trng hp ring l. y l u im ca phng php tng qut. He was out of breath. He had been running for 2 hours. ( hnh ng "run" ko di t trc v a n kt qu l "th khng ra hi" - hnh ng "th khng ra hi" ny qa kh nn "run" chia QKHTTD. ) Cng ng cnh nhng di ln mc thi gian l hin ti / tng lai th hnh ng kia cng theo m chia cho ph hp. He IS out of breath. He HAS BEEN RUNNING for 2 hours. By the time he IS out of breath, he WILL HAVE BEEN RUNNING for 2 hours. ( mnh u v c cm " by the time" ( trc khi) dch ra c ch "khi" trong nn khng dng WILL, tng lai n bin thnh hin ti n.

+ Mt s trng hp ring l dng tip din:

Phn ny bao gm cc trng hp dng tip din ring bit, khng theo cc cng thc chung trn.

- Dng vi always ch s bc bi ca ngi ni:

He is always borrowing my money. ( anh ta c lun mn tin ti)

- Dng thay cho th tng lai khi mun ni n mt d nh chc chn tng lai.
Would you like to come to my birthday party? We are having a party at NN restaurant. ( khi mi ai th tc l chun b ht mi th)

Cc ng t khng dng tip din

Nh bn trn cc em hc v cch chia cc th tip din, trong c nhng du hiu nhn bit cng nh cn c vo ni dung. Tuy nhin, trong ting Anh- khc vi ting Vit- Bn ting Vit ta c th ni " Ti ang yu" nhng bn ting Anh cc em c da theo m dch " I am loving" l sai Very Happy . L do l c nhng ng t khng th dng tip din cho d c du hiu y ca tip din. Cc ng t khng dng tip din l:

1. Nhm gic quan:

See, hear, taste ( nm c v), feel, sound ( nghe c v), notice...

2. Nhm ch tnh trng:

Be, appear, seem...

3. Nhm s hu:
Have ( c ), belong to ( thuc v), own ( c )

4. Nhm s thch:
Like, love, hate, dislike, prefer, desire, need ...

5. Nhm tri thc:

Know, understand, want, think, doubt, forgive, mean ( mun ni), remember, forget, recognize, believe... Lu : i khi cc ng t trn cng dng tip din nhng rt him v dng ch mt tnh trng nht thi m thi.