You are on page 1of 15

TNH TON THIT K MNG N

Xy nh trn gi xin trnh by cc kin thc v tnh ton v thit k mng n

- Lp b tng 4x6 mc 50100 dy 100, gi vai tr nh ct pha y.


- Ct lt dy 100-200, gi vai tr bin thot nc khi nn t bo ha b
bin dng.
- Ct thp dng loi c ng knh 10
2. Trng hp mng n chu ti thng ng ng tm
Theo quy phm xy dng 45-78, mt mng nng chu ti ng ng tm
c tnh theo trng thi gii hn v bin dng cho nn t, v trng thi gii
hn v cng cho kt cu mng, gm bn bc nh sau:
Bc1:
Kim tra p lc y mng nh khng gy vng bin dng do qu
ln trong nn, sao cho ton nn ng x nh vt th n hi.
(2.1)
tc
Trong : p p lc tiu chun y mng.
(2.2)
theo QPXD 45-70
(2.3)
theo QPXD 45-78
(2.4)

tb trng lng n v th tch trung bnh ca b tng mng v t


trn mng (=2022 kN/m3)
F - din tch y mng
Bc 2:
Kim tra bin dng ca nn hoc ln tm mng S:
S Sgh
(2.5)
Tnh ton ln ca nn t c th tin hnh vi phng php tng phn
t v p dng cc dng cng thc sau:
;;
vi
(2.6)
Ba cng thc trn c tnh ton vi ng cong e-p ca th nghim nn
c kt.
Hoc tnh ln theo ng e-logp
(2.7)
Bc 3: Tnh b dy mng h
B dy mng h c chn sao cho mng khng b chn ct xuyn thng
qua.
Lc gy xuyn thng bng vi p lc y mng p tt nhn vi phn din
tch y mng nm ngoi thp xuyn.
Pxt = ptt.Sngoi thp xuyn = [bl-(bc+2ho) (hc+2ho)].ptt
(2.8)
Lc chng xuyn thng bng vi tch s ca sc chng ko b tng v
din tch xung quanh ca thp xuyn tnh ton.
Pcx = [Rk.Sxung quanh ca thp xuyn] # 0,75Rk[2 ho (bc+ho)+ 2 ho (hc+ho)]
=0,75Rk.2 ho [2ho+ bc +hc]
(2.9)
Vi chiu dy lm vic: ho = h-ab
Trong ab lp b tng bo v thp y mng
Rk sc chng ct ca b tng mng.
bc b rng c ct
hc b di c ct
Thp xuyn tnh ton c chn gn ng bng din tch xung quanh ca
khi lp phng cnh bc+ho v dy ho.

Xem mt I-I nh l mt ngm, moment tc ng ln mt ny l


(2.10)
Din tch ct thp cn thit, c tnh theo cng thc gn ng sau:
(2.11)
Xem mt II-II nh l mt ngm, moment tc ng ln mt ny l
(2.10)
Din tch ct thp cn thit, c tnh theo cng thc gn ng sau:
(2.11)
V d 2.1:
Thit k mng n di chn ct c kch thc 0,3mx0,3m, lc dc ti
chn ct Ntc=48T. t nn c =1,92T/m3, c=0T/m2, =30o.

Mc nc ngm su 12m k t mt t t nhin.


B tng mng mc 250, c Rn=110kG/cm2; Rk=8,8kG/cm2.
Ct thp trong mng s dng loi c Ra = 2300kG/cm2.
Kt qu th nghim nn c kt t nn nh sau:
p(T/m2)
e

2.5

10

20

40

64

0.632 0.612 0.591 0.584 0.573 0.56 0.551

80
0.54

Gii:
Chn chiu su chn mng l 1,5m.
1-Xc nh s b kch thc mng:
T iu kin
Gi s b=1m, tnh Rtc:
=30o =>A=1,15; B=5,59; D=7,95
Rtc=1(1,15.1.1,92+5,59.1,5.1,92)=18,31T/m2.
F 48/(18,31-2,2.1,5) = 3,198m2.
Chn mng c kch thc F=bxl=1,8x1,8 = 3,24m2.
2-Kim tra iu kin n nh nn:
Rtc=1(1,15.2.1,92+5,59.1,5.1,92)=20,07T/m2.
Vy => m bo iu kin n nh nn.
3-Kim tra bin dng ca nn:
ng sut gy ln: gl = ptc-Df = 18,11-1,92.1,5=15,23T/m2.
Chia lp t di mng thnh cc lp mng c chiu dy hi=0,45m.
ln tng cng : S = 2,55cm Sgh = 8cm
m bo yu cu v bin dng.
4- Tnh b dy mng h
Chn mng c chiu dy h=0,4m.
Chiu dy lp b tng bo v ab = 0,05m.
Chiu cao lm vic ho = h-ab = 0,4-0,05=0,35m
Lc gy xuyn thng:
Pxt = [bl-(bc+2ho) (hc+2ho)].ptt
=[1,8.1,8-(0,3+2.0,35).
(0,3+2.0,35)].1,15
.18,11=46,66T
Lc chng xuyn thng:
Pcx = 0,75Rk.2 ho [2ho+ bc +hc]
=0,75.
88.2. 0,35. (2.0,35+0,3+0,3) =60,06T
Pcx>Pxt=> m bo yu cu chng xuyn thng
BNG KT QU TNH LN

MI-I = 0,15.18,11.1,8.(1,8-0,3)2/8 = 10,54662Tm.


FaI-I = 1054662/(0,9.35.2300)=14,56cm2
Chn thp 1312 khong cch 140
Phng cn li c tnh v b tr tng t.
3. Trng hp mng n chu ti thng ng lch tm nh
Bc1:
Kim tra iu kin nn cn lm vic nh vt th n hi:

hoc vi mt s cng trnh c cu chy


Trong : p p lc tiu chun y mng.

(2.12)

tc

(2.13)
(2.14)
theo QPXD 45-70
(2.15)
theo QPXD 45-78
(2.16)
tc
tc
ey=M x/N
ex=Mtcy/Ntc
tb trng lng n v th tch trung bnh ca b tng mng v t
trn mng (=2022 kN/m3)
F - din tch y mng
Bc 2:
Kim tra bin dng ca nn hoc ln tm mng S:
S Sgh
(2.17)
i igh
(2.18)
Vi gc xoay iy hay il theo phng y (trc di ca mng) v gc xoay
ix hay ib theo phng x (trc ngn ca mng) c xc nh theo phng php
tng phn t vi cng thc iy=Sy/by v ix=Sx/bx
Hoc c xc nh theo phng php lp bin dng tuyn tnh
v

(2.19)
Bc 3: Tnh b dy mng h, ti lch tm mt phng
Thp xuyn tnh ton c chn gn ng bng din tch xung quanh ca
khi lp phng cnh bc+ho v dy ho.
Cng nguyn tc tnh ton nh trng hp mng chu ti ng tm, nhng
do phn lc y mng phn b khng u, kh nng mng b b gy khu vc
phn lc y mng cc i nhiu hn, nn cn tnh ton vi mt mt b xuyn
bt li nht thay v tnh cho c thp xuyn thng.

Pxt =0,5[pmax+p1].F1
(2.20)
2
2
Vi F1=1/4[b -( bc+2ho) +2b(a+bc-bhc)]
(2.20)
Lc chng xuyn cng ch xt vi mt mt ca thp xuyn quy c.
Pcx = [Rk.Smt mt bn ca thp xuyn] # 0,75Rk(bc+ho)ho
(2.21)
Vi chiu dy lm vic: ho = h-ab
Trong ab lp b tng bo v thp y mng
Rk sc chng ct ca b tng mng.
bc b rng c ct
Bc 4: Tnh ct thp trong mng

Vi s ti trng tc ng nh hnh v, xc nh pttA, pttB, pttC, pttD.


Xem mt I-I nh l mt ngm, xc nh:
pAB = 0,5(pA+pB)
pCD = 0,5(pC+pD)
T suy ra pmnI-I bng cch ni suy

Xc nh pmaxI-I = Max(pAB; pCD)


Gi b1 =( b-bc)/2
Moment ti mt ngm I-I
MI-I = (pmnI-I+2 pmaxI-I) .l.b12/6
(2.22)
Din tch ct thp cn thit, c tnh theo cng thc gn ng sau:
(2.23)
Xem mt II-II nh l mt ngm, xc nh:
pAD = 0,5(pA+pD)
pBC = 0,5(pB+pC)
T suy ra pmnII-II bng cch ni suy
Xc nh pmaxII-II = Max(pAD; pBC)
Gi l1 =( l-hc)/2
Moment ti mt ngm II-II
MII-II=(pmnII-II+2 pmaxII-II) .b.l12/6
(2.24)
Din tch ct thp cn thit, c tnh theo cng thc gn ng sau:
(2.25)
V d 2.2:
Thit k mng n di chn ct c kch thc 0,3mx0,3m, lc dc ti
chn ct Ntc=48T, moment Mxtc=3,6Tm. t nn c =1,92T/m3,
c=0T/m2, =30o.
Mc nc ngm su 12m k t mt t t nhin.
B tng mng mc 250, c Rn=110kG/cm2; Rk=8,8kG/cm2.
Ct thp trong mng s dng loi c Ra = 2300kG/cm2.
Kt qu th nghim nn c kt t nn nh sau:
p(T/m2)
e

2.5

10

20

40

64

0.632 0.612 0.591 0.584 0.573 0.56 0.551

Gii:
Chn chiu su chn mng l 1,5m.
1-Xc nh s b kch thc mng:
T iu kin
Gi s b=1m, tnh Rtc:
=30o =>A=1,15; B=5,59; D=7,95
Rtc=1(1,15.1.1,92+5,59.1,5.1,92)=18,31T/m2.
F 48/(18,31-2,2.1,5) = 3,198m2.
Chn mng c kch thc F=bxl=1,8x1,8 = 3,24m2.
2-Kim tra iu kin n nh nn:
ey=Mtcx/Ntc=0,075m

80
0.54

Rtc=1(1,15.2.1,92+5,59.1,5.1,92)=20,07T/m2.
Vy
=> m bo iu kin n nh nn.
3-Kim tra bin dng ca nn:
ng sut gy ln: gl = ptc-Df = 18,11-1,92.1,5=15,23T/m2.
Chia lp t di mng thnh cc lp mng c chiu dy hi=0,45m.
Tng t v d 2.1, ln tng cng : S = 2,55cm Sgh = 8cm
m bo yu cu v bin dng.
4- Tnh b dy mng h
Chn mng c chiu dy h=0,4m.
Chiu dy lp b tng bo v ab = 0,05m.
Chiu cao lm vic ho = h-ab = 0,4-0,05=0,35m
Lc gy xuyn thng:
Pxt =0,5[pmax+p1].F1
Vi F1=1/4[b2-( bc+2ho)2+2b(a+bc-b-hc)]
=0,56m2.
pttmax =1,15.21,82=25,09T/m2.
ptt1 =23,2T/m2.
=>Pxt = 13,52T
Lc chng xuyn thng:
Pcx = 0,75Rk(bc+ho)ho]=0,75.88.(0,3+0,35).0,35=15,02T
Pcx>Pxt=> m bo yu cu chng xuyn thng
5- Tnh ct thp trong mng

Moment ti mt ngm I-I

MI-I =ptttb .l.b12/2=20,83.1,8.((1,8-0,3)/2)^2/2=10,545Tm.


FaI-I = 1054500/(0,9.35.2300)=14,56cm2
Chn thp 1312 khong cch 140
Moment ti mt ngm II-II
MII-II =(pmnII-II+2pttmax) .b.l12/6
=(21,542+2.25,091).1,8.((1,8-0,3)/2)^2/6=12,1035Tm.
FaI-I = 1210350/(0,9.35.2300)=16,71cm2
Chn thp 1512 khong cch 120
V d 2.3:
Thit k mng n di chn ct c kch thc 0,3mx0,3m, lc dc ti
chn ct Ntc=50T, moment Mxtc=3,75Tm, moment Mytc=1,25Tm. t nn
c =1,89T/m3, c=3,01T/m2, =20o.
Mc nc ngm su 11m k t mt t t nhin.
B tng mng mc 300, c Rn=130kG/cm2; Rk=10kG/cm2.
Ct thp trong mng s dng loi c Ra = 2300kG/cm2.
Kt qu th nghim nn c kt t nn nh sau:
p(kG/cm2)
e

0,25

0,5

6,4

0,719 0,705 0,69 0,673 0,639 0,594 0,54 0,504

Gii:
Chn chiu su chn mng l 1,5m.
1-Xc nh s b kch thc mng:
T iu kin
Gi s b=1m, tnh Rtc:
=20o =>A=0,51; B=3,06; D=5,66
Rtc=1(0,51.1.1,89+3,06.1,5.1,89+5,66.3,01)=26,68T/m2.
F 50/(26,68-2,2.1,5) =2,138m2.
Chn mng c kch thc F=bxl=1,4x1,8 = 2,52m2.
2-Kim tra iu kin n nh nn:
ey=Mtcx/Ntc=0,075m
ex=Mtcy/Ntc=0,025m
Rtc=1(0,51.1,4.1,89+3,06.1,5.1,89+5,66.3,01)=27,06T/m2.
Vy

=> m bo iu kin n nh nn.


3-Kim tra bin dng ca nn:
ng sut gy ln: gl = ptc-Df = 23,14-1,89.1,5=20,31T/m2.
Chia lp t di mng thnh cc lp mng c chiu dy hi=0,56m.
ln tng cng : S = 6,519cm Sgh = 8cm
m bo yu cu v bin dng.

4- Tnh b dy mng h
Chn mng c chiu dy h=0,45m.
Chiu dy lp b tng bo v ab = 0,05m.
Chiu cao lm vic ho = h-ab = 0,45-0,05=0,4m
Lc gy xuyn thng:
Pxt =p*tb.F1
Vi F1=1/4[b2-( bc+2ho)2+2b(a+bc-b-hc)]
=0,4675 m2.
Cng thc xc nh pttA, pttB, pttC, pttD:
pttA =34,76 T/m2.
pttD =29,87 T/m2.
pttA =32,02 T/m2.
pttD =28,18 T/m2.
p*tb=( pttA+ pttD+ pttA+ pttD)/4=31,208 T/m2.
=>Pxt = 14,59 T

Lc chng xuyn thng:


Pcx = 0,75Rk(bc+ho)ho]=0,75.10.(0,3+0,4).0,4=21 T
Pcx>Pxt=> m bo yu cu chng xuyn thng

5- Tnh ct thp trong mng


Moment ti mt ngm I-I
MI-I = (pmnI-I+2 pttmaxI-I).l.b12/6
=(27,136+2.29,057).1,8.((1,4-0,3)/2)^2/6=7,7365Tm.
FaI-I = 773650/(0,9.40.2300)=9,34cm2
Chn thp 1210 khong cch 150
Moment ti mt ngm II-II
MII-II =(pmnII-II+2pttmax) .b.l12/6
=(27,563+2.32,317).1,4.((1,8-0,3)/2)^2/6=12,1008Tm.
FaI-I = 1210080/(0,9.40.2300)=14,61cm2
Chn thp 1312 khong cch 110

4. Mng n chu ng thi ti ng, moment v ti ngang


Khi moment v lc ngang tc ng ln mng tng i nh so vi lc
ng, mng c khuynh hng trt phng, h cn bng ca lc ca mng nh
sau: Ntt v Mytt cn bng vi tng phn lc t nn p, c tnh ton nh mng
chu ti lch tm v kim tra an ton chng trt ca mng theo iu kin sau:
Qxtt cn bng vi tng lc chng ct y mng sxF
(2.28)
Do , ngoi cc bc tnh ton nh bi ton mng n chu ti thng
ng lch tm nh cn kim tra thm iu kin n nh chng trt ngang.
V d 2.4:
Thit k mng n di chn ct c kch thc 0,3mx0,3m, lc dc ti
chn ct Ntc=50T, moment Mxtc=2,5Tm, lc ngang Qytc=5T. t nn
c =1,89T/m3, c=3,01T/m2, =20o.
Mc nc ngm su 11m k t mt t t nhin.
B tng mng mc 250, c Rn=110kG/cm2; Rk=8.8kG/cm2.
Ct thp trong mng s dng loi c Ra = 2300kG/cm2.
Kt qu th nghim nn c kt t nn nh sau:
p(kG/cm2)
e

0,25

0,5

6,4

0,719 0,705 0,69 0,673 0,639 0,594 0,54 0,504

Gii:
Chn chiu su chn mng l 1,5m.

1-Xc nh s b kch thc mng:


T iu kin
Gi s b=1m, tnh Rtc:
=20o =>A=0,51; B=3,06; D=5,66
Rtc=1(0,51.1.1,89+3,06.1,5.1,89+5,66.3,01)=26,68T/m2.
F 50/(26,68-2,2.1,5) =2,138m2.
Chn mng c kch thc F=bxl=1,4x1,8 = 2,52m2.
2-Kim tra iu kin n nh nn:
Chn b dy mng h=0,5m.
ey=Mtcx/Ntc= (Mtcx+ Qytc.h)/ Ntc= 0,1m

Rtc=1(0,51.1,4.1,89+3,06.1,5.1,89+5,66.3,01)=27,06T/m2.
Vy
=> m bo iu kin n nh nn.
3-Kim tra bin dng ca nn:
ng sut gy ln: gl = ptc-Df = 23,14-1,89.1,5=20,31T/m2.
Chia lp t di mng thnh cc lp mng c chiu dy hi=0,56m.
Tng t v d 2.3, ln tng cng : S = 6,519cm Sgh = 8cm
=>m bo yu cu v bin dng.
4- Tnh b dy mng h
Chn mng c chiu dy h=0,5m.
Chiu dy lp b tng bo v ab = 0,05m.
Chiu cao lm vic ho = h-ab = 0,5-0,05=0,45m
Lc gy xuyn thng:
Pxt =0,5[pmax+p1].F1
Vi F1=1/4[b2-( bc+2ho)2+2b(a+bc-b-hc)]
=0,41m2.
pttmax =1,15.23,14=34,218T/m2.
ptt1 =21,542T/m2.
=>Pxt = 13,51T
Lc chng xuyn thng:
Pcx = 0,75Rk(bc+ho)ho]=0,75.88.(0,3+0,45).0,45=22,28T
Pcx>Pxt=> m bo yu cu chng xuyn thng
5- Tnh ct thp trong mng
Moment ti mt ngm I-I
MI-I =ptttb .l.b12/2=7,24524Tm.
FaI-I = 7,78cm2
Chn thp 1010 khong cch 180
Moment ti mt ngm II-II

MII-II =(pmnII-II+2pttmax) .b.l12/6=12,64156Tm.


FaI-I = 13,57cm2
Chn thp 1212 khong cch 120

You might also like