N TP QT CHUI CUNG NG Leadtime = l : thi gian t khi khch hng t hng n khi nhn c hng.

( i vi ngi bn) Order cycle time= thi gian t khi khch hng t hng n khi nhn c hng ( i vi ngi mua). Cash to cash cycle: vng lun chuyn tin. SKU: stock keep unit ( v d: tr hng theo size giy, mu sc) CU HOI Chui quan ly 3 dong gi ? TRA LI TNG QUAN V CHUI CUNG NG - Dong thng tin - Dong san phm - Dong tai chinh Phai

Quan tri chui cung ng co phai la quan tri mi quan h gia cac nha cung ng hay khng ? 2 hoat ng chinh trong logistics Quan ly u vao la gi ? Quan ly u ra la gi ? Cac thanh phn tham gia vao chui cung ng

Muc tiu cua quan tri chui cung ng

S khac nhau gia ngi tiu dung ( consummer) va khach hang ( customer)

nh gi vic qun l c hiu qu khng?

- Vn tai - Lu tr hang hoa Quan ly nguyn vt liu t nha cung ng n nha san xut Phn phi san phm t nha san xut n tay ngi tiu dung cui cung - Nha cung ng - Nha phn phi - Nha san xut - Ban bun - Ban le - Khach hang Lam hai long khach hang qua 7 yu t - ng khch hng - ng sn phm - ng s lng - ng iu kin - ng a im - ng thi gian - Chi ph hp ly - Ngi tiu dung ( consummer) la ngi tham gia cui cung trong chui hoat ng cua nganh logistics, ho s dung hang hoa va dich vu cho muc ich tiu dung cui cung. - Khach hang ( customer) la ngi trc tip mua san phm t cac cng ty, do o co th khng phai la ngi tiu dung cui cung trong chui hoat ng cua nganh. DN co th k cn bit NTD cui cung nhng cn phai lun gi mqh tt vi KH mua san phm cua minh. C 5 ch tiu 1. Order cycle time = leadtime - C 4 hot ng c bn ( cc hot ng ny xy ra t thi gian t hng n khi nhn c hng ca khch hng ) Ni t hng Qu trnh t hngChun b t hng Vn chuyn n t hng Dng sn xut c bn Dng thng tin c bn.

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Qu trnh t hng: Nhn n t hng, qu trnh ny bao gm:

Cc tiu ch chn nh cung ng

Cc m hnh thng mi in t ( ecommerce-model )

d bo cn da vo

Kim tra th ca khch hng lun chuyn thng tin ghi vo doanh s bn hng gi n t hng n sn xut, hng tn kho, vn chuyn. chun b ti liu vn chuyn. Chun b t hng: thi gian chun b thng bottleneck trong vng t hng. Vn chuyn n t hng: thi gian vn chuyn t lc bt u .. slide 2. Product availability ( c th sn xut ) l yu t c bn o lng s hiu qu ca qun tr chui cung ng v logistic. Cn to ra kh nng thay th cao cho sn phm c th m bo c tnh sn sng ca sn phm cao hn. - C mt hng khi khch hng cn k? - C s lng khi khch hng cn k? 3. Logistic p ng nhanh nhy: c 2 hnh thc - Ngi bn c th iu chnh vic cung ng ca h c th p ng c nhng yu cu khc nhau ca khc nhau ca ngi mua. - V lm th no ngi bn c th p ng c nhng s thay i bt ng trong nhu cu ca ngi mua. Thc o: - Kh nng p ng khi c s thay i v vn chuyn - Kh nng p ng khi c s thay i trong sn xut 4. H thng thng tin logistic - Thng tin chnh xc v kp thi gim hng tn kho, nng cao dng tin ch cc i tc trong chui cung ng. - Thng tin chnh xc v kp thi phi c m bo trong sut qu trnh: trc khi giao dch, giao dch, sau khi giao dch. Thc o: d bo chnh xc, d liu trung thc 5. Logistic h tr hu mi. - Qun l cc sn phm b tr v t khch hng thc o: thi gian tr li ca sn phm - H tr sn phm thng qua vn chuyn v lp t ph tng Thc o: thc hin t hng, hng tn kho sn c, order cycle time. - Cht lng - Uy tn - Nng lc - Cht lng mong mun - Ti chnh : n nh, gi c. C 4 m hnh: - Sell side system : ngi bn duy tr h thng V d: Dell - Buy side system : ngi mua l nhng ngi mua nhiu, s lng ln, u n. V d: chnh ph c - E-market place : bn th 3 duy tr h thng V d: Amazon.com - Online trading community : bn th 3 duy tr h thng - D liu c - Nghin cu th trng

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- Nhu cu theo ma - Nhu cu ngu nhin - Xu hng. DICH VU KHACH HANG ( Logistics gia tng gia tri ) Dich vu khach hang la gi ? Dch v khch hng l qu trnh sng to & cung cp nhng li ch gia tng trong chui cung ng nhm ti a ho tng gi tr ti khch hng( ngi trc tip mua hang hoa cua cng ty) dch v khch hng lin quan ti cc hot ng lm gia tng gi tr trong chui cung ng - Dch v khch hng l dch v i km vi cc sn phm chnh yu nhm cung cp s tha mn ti a cho khch hng khi i mua hng. Nhu cu v dch v khch hng l nhu cu pht sinh khi khch hng i mua sm, y chnh l nhng li ch m khch hng c th hng khi i mua hng. - Dch v khch hng mang tnh v hnh v to ra phn gi tr cng thm hu ch cho sn phm. - Dch v khch hng c s lin h cao vi khch hng nn i hi cc k nng phc v cao, nhng cc kinh nghim quan st c t dch v khch hng v tip thu trc tip t khch hng s lm pht sinh tng v dch v mi v nhng iu kin thun li ci tin dch v ang tn ti. Cac nhn t cu thanh dich vu khach hang Dch v khch hng ngy cng c vai tr quan trng trong cnh tranh

Theo quan im logistics , dich vu khach hang la gi ? c im cua dich vu khach hang

Thi gian : c o bng tng lng thi gian t thi im khch hng k n t hng ti lc hng c giao ( lead time/ order cycle time ) Tai sao KH quan tm n lead time/ order cycle time? t hang hang ti lin k cn lu gi hang hang tn kho giam Chi phi tn kho giam Vong lun chuyn vn nhanh tin cy : Ni ln kh nng thc hin dch v ph hp v ng thi hn ngay ln u tin. No quan trong hn nhn t thi gian ( lead time ) Cac khia canh cua tin cy Dao ng thi gian giao hang Phn phi an toan n hang chinh xac

Co nn tn kho hay khng ?

3 ly do lu hang

Thng tin : L nhn t lin quan n cc hot ng giao tip, truyn tin cho khch hng v hng ha, dch v, qu trnh cung cp dch v mt cch chnh xc, nhanh chng, d hiu. Mt khc, lin quan n thu thp cc khiu ni, xut, yu cu t pha khch hng gii p, iu chnh v cung cp cc cho hng ph hp. - S thich nghi : Thch nghi l cch ni khc v tnh linh hot ca dch v logistics trc nhng yu cu a dng v bt thng ca khch hng. So sanh gia chi phi va li ich tai mi mc dich vu cho tng khach hang QUAN LY TN KHO Tuy tng loai san phm So sanh chi phi stock out ( ht hang ) va chi phi over stock ( tn kho ) Chi phi nao thp hn thi s dung - Gia re - CP vn chuyn re -

Page | 3

Phng phap phn loai san phm tn kho

Chi phi quan ly tn kho bao gm nhng chi phi gi ?

C 3 phng php phn loi hng tn kho:

c im cua vn chuyn hang hoa Cac thanh phn tham gia vao vn chuyn hang hoa

CP san xut re Qui tc Pareto, hay cn gi l qui tc 80/20 thng c s dng trong phn loi sn phm tn kho . Theo qui tc ny, nhng sn phm no c t trng mt hng tn kho (hoc t trng khch hng, n t hng, ngi cung ng ) thp (20%), nhng c t trng doanh s cao (80%) th c xp vo loi A. Tng t, t trng mt hng tn kho cao hn (30%), nhng t trng doanh s thp hn (15%) c xp vo loi B, v loi C c t trng mt hng tn kho hng ho cao nht (50%), v t trng doanh s thp nht (5%). Cch phn loi ny xc nh tm quan trng ca loi sn phm, loi khch hng trong kinh doanh c chin lc thch ng. Phn tich ABC ( Phn bit theo doanh thu ) Dung phn tich ABC khi : tr hang theo SKU ( stock keep unit tr hang theo mau sc, size ) - Chi phi v vn : Lng vn u t vao hang tn kho - Chi phi cho cac dich vu hang tn kho : Bao him Thu - Chi phi kho bai : Trang bi trong kho Kho cng cng Kho thu Kho cua cng ty - Chi phi rui ro i vi hang d tr : Hao mon v hinh H hong Hang bi thiu hut iu chuyn hang gia cac kho 1. Phn tch ABC: ( phn bit theo doanh thu ) - Dng phn tch ABC khi: tr hng theo SKU, SKU khc nhau ng x khc nhau dng chin lc khc nhau i vi khch hng khc nhau gim chi ph mang li li nhun khc nhau. - Quy tc 80-20: 20% khch hng to ra 80% li nhun s dng chin lc khc bit dnh cho nhng khch hnh ny. Tng t i vi hng tn kho: 80% doanh thu c to ra t 20% hng tn kho theo SKU ng x khc bit. 2. Fixed-order quantity model ( Q model ) C nh thi gian b sung hng, c nh gi, gi khng ph thuc bi s lng ??? 3. Fixed-order interval approach ( P model ) C nh thi im t hng ( t hng nh k) nhng s lng hng t khc nhau. QUAN LY VN CHUYN tnh v hnh, tnh khng tch ri, tnh khng n nh v tnh khng lu gi c. Ngi gi hang Ngi nhn hang n vi vn tai Chinh phu Cng chung a. ng st :

Phn loai vn chuyn

Page | 4

CP c inh cao , CP bin i thp . Thich hp vi cac loai hang co trong lng ln , khi lng vn chuyn nhiu ( Vd : than , g , hoa cht va cac hang tiu dung co gia tri thp vi khi lng 1 toa hang ) Han ch : - kem linh hoat ( Tau hoa chi cung cp dich vu t ga nay n ga kia ch k th n 1 im cu th theo yu cu DN) - thng i n theo lich trinh c inh, tc chm b. ng thuy : CP c inh trung binh , CP bin i thp . y la phng tin co tng chi phi thp nht . Thich hp vi nhng th hang cng knh, lu hong, gia tri thp ( vt liu xy dng , than a, cao su) va hang ri ( ca ph, gao ) trn cac tuyn ng trung binh va dai Han ch : - Tc chm , chiu anh hng nhiu cua thi tit va cac tuyn ng vn chuyn phu thuc vao mang li sng ngoai va bn bai. - Tinh linh hoat khng cao , mc tip cn thp ( nh ng st) i vi vn chuyn thng mai quc t , y la phng tin thng tri c. ng b : Chi phi c inh thp va chi phi bin i trung binh. Co tinh c ng va tinh tin li cao, co th n c moi ni, moi ch vi lich trinh vn chuyn rt linh hoat . Thich hp vi nhng l hang va va nho , tng i t tin vi c li trung binh va ngn. y la mt b phn quan trong cua mang li logistics vi kha nng ap ng yu cu cua khach hang mt cach hiu qua. d. ng hang khng : CP c inh cao va CP bin i cao. Co tc nhanh nht , an toan hang hoa tt nhng chi phi cao nn chi thich hp vi mt hang mau hong, gon nhe , co gia tri ln , nht la khi co yu cu vn chuyn gp. Dich vu co tinh c ng cao , linh hoat , co th ap ng nhanh chong nhu cu chuyn ch hang hoa . Han ch : Thu tuc kim tra hang hoa , chng t kha phc tap, mt nhiu thi gian . Mc tip cn thp, chi dng cac sn bay. Khi lng vn chuyn bi han ch bi dung tich khoang cha hang va sc nng cua may bay e. ng ng : CP c inh rt cao va CP bin i thp nht. Thich hp vn chuyn cht long va khi hoa long ( xng, du , gas , hoa cht ) an toan. CP vn hanh k ang k va gn nh k co hao hut. Han ch : gii han bi CP u t ban u rt ln va thit k phc tap. Vn tc trung binh cua phng tin nay kha chm. Cc nh cung ng khng vn chuyn trc tip ti a im ca khch hng, m vn chuyn thng qua mt trung tm phn phi (DC) trong mt khu vc a l nht nh. Sau , trung tm phn phi ny chuyn nhng l hng tng ng n tng khch hng trn a bn hot ng ca mnh. DC to nn mt khu trung gian gia nh cung ng v khch hng thc hin 2 nhim v: d tr v chuyn ti. S hin din ca DC c th gip gim chi ph ca ton b chui cung ng logistics khi cc nh cung ng xa khch hng v chi ph vn chuyn ln

Vn chuyn qua trung tm phn phi la gi ?

Trung tm phn phi ( DC) la gi ?

Page | 5

S khc bit ca trung tm phn phi v nh kho.

Hng ha trung tm di 24h trung tm phn phi. Hng ha trung tm trn 24h nh kho.

Chin lc cnh tranh theo m hnh Porter

CAC CHIN LC M rng ( Broad) : cnh tranh phn khc th trng nhiu khch hng (many customer) - Thu hp ( Narrow ): Cnh tranh phn khc th trng chn lc khch hng ( selected customer). Broad Chi ph thp ton S khc bit ton th th trng trng Narrow Tp trung vo chi Tp trung vo s khc bit ph thp 1 phn 1 phn on no on no

1.
3PL

Khai nim

Doanh nghip thu mt bn th ba thay mt chu doanh nghip thc hin chc nng logistics. Cc hot ng logistics c cung cp 1 cch ring r hoc tch hp ty theo yu cu ca ch doanh nghip hoc nng lc ca nh cung cp dch v logistics. Da trn vn chuyn Da trn kho bai hay phn phi Da trn ngi giao nhn ( chuyn tip) Da trn tai chinh Da trn thng tin DN co mang li phn phi rng va phc tap Cac cng ty k tp trung vao hoat ng logistics nh 1 nng lc ct loi Khi mun tit kim thi gian, co th tp trung vao vic m rng thi trng va gia tng doanh s. Tit kim c nhiu thi gian va ngun nhn lc Co th tp trung ngun lc vao nhng hoat ng kinh doanh ct loi cua cng ty. Thun li khi m rng thi trng Li th v quy m kinh t trong phn phi Tit kim thi gian phuc vu khach hang lam hai long khach hang Linh hot trong vic ti c cu mng li phn phi v k hoch m rng.

Phn loai

ng dung cua 3PL giai quyt cac vn sau Li ich

Han ch

Vi du thc t

- Quyn kim sot t hn i vi cc hot ng logistic thu ngoi. - B gi mo giy t v b yu sch bi cng ty cung cp 3PL. - e da r r nng lc hot ng cho cc i th cnh tranh. Ford Motor va Penske ( 3PL) Vn gp Ford co qua nhiu nha cung cp Logistics cho mi nha may cua no. phai iu nay gy kho khn cho vic x li va vn chuyn NVL va thanh phm va vic thanh toan vn chuyn cc ky phc tap. C/nng cua - Ti u hoa mang li Penske - Quan ly chi phi vn chuyn va bao him - Tich hp h thng CNTT - Quan tri tai chinh Li ich at - Giam CP vn chuyn c - Ti a hoa dich vu vn chuyn

Page | 6

Thanh toan CP Logistics ro rang va minh bach hn

2.
DRP

Khi nim

Lp k hoch ngun lc phn phi (DRP) c dng cho vic lp k hoch n t hng trong mt chui cung ng, hoch nh cc ngun lc phn phi bao gm lao ng, thit b v cc yu cu khng gian nh kho. DRP cho php ngi dng thit lp cc thng s kim sot hng tn kho nht nh (ging nh hng tn kho an ton) v tnh ton cc yu cu kim k thi gian theo tng giai on. - d bo nhu cu chnh xc hn v sau s dng thng tin kim sot v iu phi hng tn kho sau khi sn xut v lp rp thnh phm v pht trin lch trnh giao nhn. - a ra gii php khi nhu cu thiu ht hoc d tha (s dng cc thut ton phn phi chia s hp l khi nhu cu vt qu cung v "y", "ko" hoc "ko / y" phn phi khi ngun cung vt qu cu). - Gii quyt vn phn phi cc ngun nguyn vt liu theo s lng, thi gian v v tr trong lnh vc vn chuyn. Ci thin s iu phi hng tn kho Gim chi ph vn chuyn hng ca trung tm phn phi nh vic phi hp vn chuyn. Gim mc tn kho khi DRP c th xc nh nhng sn phm no cn thit v cn thit khi no. Gim yu cu v khng gian nh kho v gim tn kho. Gim chi ph vn chuyn do c t n t hng tr li. Tng cng kh nng phi hp gia logistics v sn xut.

Nhng vn gii quyt c ca DRP

Li ch

Hn ch

D bo nhu cu ti a im hoc ti thi im sai. Yu cu k hoch hng tn kho phi c chu k thc hin nht qun v tin cy

di chuyn gia cc trung tm phn phi. Tch hp k hoch phi i mt vi s cng thng v gia hn thng xuyn, bi v s c sn xut v s chm tr giao hng . DRP khng phi l gii php ph qut cho qun l hng tn kho Phn mm ch Php phn mm SAP hay AOP: gim thiu ti a s phc tp do c nhiu h yu c s dng thng khc nhau v h tr kh nng tnh ton thi gian thc(Realtime) tt hn. trin khai Phn mm TRAVERSE: xc nh cc mc cn thit v khi bn cn phi mua chng hon thnh cc mc tiu bn hng c quy nh trong d bo ca bn. DRP: V d thc t Vn gp phi: Nestle S knh phn phi, nh bn s, bn l trong chui phn phi ca Nestle, k c cc cng ty con cc quc gia l rt nhiu cn c s qun l thun tin cho vic vn chuyn hng ho 1 cch chnh xc. 1. K hoch cung ng (chc nng chnh): + Thit lp mng li cung ng + Lp danh sch cc yu cu phn phi + Trin khai hin thc hin + Lp k hoch vn ti

ng dng DRP :

Page | 7

Cch thc p dng DRP Li ch

2. D bo nhu cu 3. D bo sn xut s dng phn mm SAP APO

Gim leadtime xung cn ti a 7 ngy Gim chi ph trung tm phn phi vn chuyn hng ha t vic phi hp cc l hng. Gim hng tn kho Gim chi ph vn chuyn cho khch hng. Gim khng gian nh kho v gim hng tn kho. Tng s phi hp gia logistic v sn xut. Tng kh nng p ng ca ngn sch v khi p dng DRP c th d on 1 cch c hiu qu v hng tn kho v yu cu vn chuyn hng theo k hoch. Tng doanh s, li nhun Dell

Cc vn

3. CPFR Khi nim

Cch thc bn hng trc tip khng cn ph hp. Dch v khch hng, thi gian khch hng i qu lu. Khng chm sc p dng Bn hng : gim kiu bn hng trc tip v s nhn cc nh phn phi DRP : bn hng cho mnh. Da vo DRP d bo nhu cu ca khch hng t cc nh phn phi Cch thc - S dng tn s v tuyn in theo di hng tn kho trong cc ca p dng hng, giao hng v hng ha lu trong kho ti cc trung tm phn DRP phi. Qun l trt t v b sung hng ha ca cng ty, c th gim st v theo di doanh s bn hng v lng c phiu hng ha trn k hng. - Dell cng s dng thanh m ha v cng ngh tn s radio. Li ch Gim lng hng tn kho. Gim chi ph lu kho. Trnh c cc ri ro trong vic lu kho. To mi lin kt thng tin hai chiu chnh xc. Rut ngn chi ph vn chuyn. Ci thin kh nng d bo. CPFR ( Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment) l mt chin lc kinh doanh kt hp tr thng minh ca nhiu i tc thng mai trong vic ln k hoch, d bo nhu cu v b sung hng. CPFR l mt mi quan h i tc chin lcmt mi quan h c thc hin lin tc v di hn gia cc i tc tham gia t c cc mc tiu chin lc mang li gi tr cho khch hng v li nhun cho tt c cc i tc hp tc. Thnh cng ca chin lc CPFR ph thuc phn ln trong vic hp tc thnh cng v kh nng ca cc i tc. a. Xy dng chin lc v ln k hoch Tha thun hp tc ban u Xy dng k hoch kinh doanh chung

M hnh hot ng

Page | 8

b.

iu kin tin quyt thc hin

Li ch

Thch thc

Hiu ng BULLWHIP (roida)

Qun l nhu cu v cung ng D bo bn hng Ln k hoch t hng/d bo c. Thc hin Th t t hng Thc hin n t hng d. Phn tch Gim st, nh ga cc k hoch v qu trnh thc hin cc hot ng Qun l ngoi l Kt ni chin lc bn trong doanh nghip v cc i tc Doanh nghip phi chn lc, quyt nh thng tin no s chia s vi i tc. Kt ni bn trong ni b cng ty, lin kt gia cc qu trnh, nhn t cng ngh, tt c nhng th h tr v ng b ha vi chin lc kinh doanh ct li - Gim tnh trng ht hng, thi gian chu k ngn hn, p ng nhiu hn, ci thin mc hng ha sn sng - D bo chnh xc hn - Ci thin mi quan h gia cc i tc kinh doanh - Tng doanh s bn hng - Gim tn kho - Gim chi ph - Ci thin vic s dng nng lc sn xut Li ch ca nh bn l Li ch ca nh sn xut - T l s dng kho tt hn - Mc tn kho thp - Mc tn kho thp - Chu k t hng ngn hn - Doanh s tng - Doanh thu tng - Chi ph Logistic thp - Dch v vi khch hng tt hn - Kh khn trong vic la chn i tc - Qun l u vo - Mc tin tng gia cc i tc - Tnh bo mt ca thng tin - Cn phi xc nh chnh xc kh nng ca tng h thng, tng i tc trong chui cung ng. - Cc t chc cn linh hot thay i, thay i t duy, hp tc c hiu qu Nhng thng tin d bo nhu cu khng chnh xc, nhng thay i nh v nhu cu sn phm s chuyn thnh nhng thay i ln hn v Khi nim nhu cu khi thng tin c a n nh sn xut, t s sai st nh c th dn n nhng lng ph ln hn trong chui cung ng Dn n nhng lng ph: mc d tr ln qu mc, dch v khch hng ti, mt doanh s, k hoch sn xut khng chnh xc, vn ti Hu qu khng hiu qu, sn phm d tha hoc thiu ht, m hnh sn xut c th bin i. Nguyn nhn D bo nhu cu khng chnh xc, mc chia s thng tin, chia s d liu POS gia cc i tc cha hiu qu Do t hng theo l n hng a dng, khc nhau theo nhu cu thc s khc bit ny b thi phng ln chi ph gia tng Bt cp trong h phn b SP: v d, nu kh nng cung ng bng

Page | 9

ng dng thc t Wall Mart v Warner-Lambert ( cng ty dc phm M)

4. RFID Khi nim

u im

70% s lng t hng th NSX s ch thc hin 70% v phn cn li cung cp tr hn c c lng hng mong mun, khng b tr hn, nh phn phi, nh bn l gia tng lng t hng, gi to lng nhu cu nhm gia tng thm lng sn phm c cung cp sai st pht sinh. - Gi c thay i nhu cu bin ng Tha thun hp tc vi nhiu i tc, cng tham gia vo CPFR. S dng d liu POS t nh bn l n nh sn xut mc chnh xc ca Cch khc thng tin c nng cao, cp nht doanh s v mc tn kho hng phc ngy. D liu c chia s cho cc i tc to c li th cnh tranh gia tng li nhun. Warner Lambert lun duy tr mt lng hng tn kho ng k tn Vn kho qu ln. Cc nh bn l ca Wall Mart chia s nhng thng tin bn hng cn thit, kt hp d bo nhu cu vi nh bn l nhiu k hoch sn Thc hin xut ca Warner-Lambert c tt hn, ph hp vi nhu cu th hp tc trng, cng ty duy tr sn xut da trn nhu cu d bo, hiu qu hn so vi vic duy tr tn kho ng k - Ci thin p ng nhu cu tiu dng - chnh xc ca d bo doanh s bn hng cao hn - Giao tip trc tip v lu di Li ch - Ci thin doanh s bn hng - Hng tn kho gim - Gim chi ph - l cng ngh nhn dng i tng bng sng v tuyn, cho php mt thit b c thng tin cha trong chip khong cch xa, khng cn tip xc trc tip, khng thc hin bt k giao tip vt l no gia hai vt khng nhn thy. - bao gm th (tag) v u c (reader) c 2 loi th: ch ng v th ng - S cch ly(khng tip xc): c th c m khng cn s tip xc vt l no gia Tag v u c RFID . - Kh nng ghi d liu: C th ghi d liu ln tag RFID read-write nhiu ln - Phm vi c: Tag RFID c phm vi hot ng t vi inch n 100 feet(30.48m) - Dung lng lu tr d liu: Tag RFID c th lu tr vi bytes d liu n mt dung lng ln d liu - H tr c a knh: s dng mt u c c nhiu Tag trong vng hot ng ca n vi thi gian ngn - Kh nng thch ng: Tag RFID c th duy tr hot ng trong iu kin mi trng tng i bt li - Hot ng thng minh: Tag RFID ngoi vic mang v truyn d liu n cn c thit k thc hin cc nhim v khc - c chnh xc: C th c chnh xc 100 % Km hiu qu vi nhng vt chn sng RF v nhng vt hp th sng RF nh hng bi cc yu t mi trng Gii hn c tag

Nhc im

Page | 10

nh hng nhiu phn cng Hn ch kh nng chi phi nng lng sng RF Cng ngh non-tr Chi ph cao H tr cho d liu khng c nh Khng cn ng ngm c xa hn Cha c nhiu d liu hn c nhiu hn trong 1 thi im. bn c tnh thng minh Chi ph thp hn. C th cnh tranh c v chnh xc trong vi trng hp Khng b nh hng bi loi vt liu.. Khng b hn ch bi lut php quc t. Khng c cc vn x hi. Cng ngh lu i c ng dng rng ri. Airbus Tn ti cc thch thc trong thng tin lin lc, k kt hp ng, p lc cnh tranh. Mong mun nng cao vic qun l cht lng, thi gian giao hng cng nh gim thiu tn kho

u im so vi m vch

u im m vch so vi RFID

V d thc t Vn gp phi: -

Cch thc p dng RFID

Li ch t c

t c phn ng tt hn trong iu kin th trng kh khn, gim chi ph v tng kh nng p ng. u tin, cc nh cung cp cho Airbus trang b th RFID tng tnh minh bch ca ton b chui cung ng v cho php phn tch li mt cch t ng. Th hai l, trang b tt c cc cng c v hp cng c vi cc th RFID c cha lch s, vn chuyn, nh tuyn, v thng tin hi quan. Ngi ta nhn ra rng cc cng c qun l vi RFID c hiu qu cao hn hn nhng th sn c, yu cu th tc giy t t hn v c t l li thp hn, dn n vic qun l c ct gim i rt nhiu. - Tng kh nng kim sot t ng chnh xc tuyt i vi thi gian thc ca ton b chui cung ng, cng ngh RFID c th lm gim thi gian cn thit gii quyt cc vn lin quan n dch v, cn vic s dng cc th H tr trong vic pht hin vn trn my bay trc khi chng xy ra. My mc c th kim tra s vn hnh ca cc b phn thng qua chui cung ng, lch s phc v v ngun gc xut x ca n. - Loi b nhng quy trnh c bn thng thng v thit k li chng mt cch hiu qu hn. - D dng m bo v tnh xc thc ca sn phm - Qu trnh t ng ha hiu qu hn nhiu, c ngha l thi gian quay vng ngn hn v cn t hng tn kho hn. - Tc ca vic qun l cc quy trnh v qun l cht lng do thng tin chnh xc.

Page | 11

Qun l, ln lch hay iu chnh cc chuyn bay c thc hin d dng nh c cc phng tin in t. mgim chi ph bo tr, sn xut v tn kho, gim vn u t v tng nng sut lao ng cng nh kh nng kim sot cc nh cung cp DHL qun l nhng mt hng, bu gi rt kh khn v kh kim sot Dch v khch hng, thi gian khch hng i qu lu. Khng chm sc p dng cho tng bu gi, th t th cho cc thng th p dng gim st cc phng tin vn chuyn v xe ch bu gi. ng dng cho vic vn chuyn

Cc vn -

ng chin RFID

dng lc

Qu trnh p dng RFID (6 bc)

Li ch

1. Chn nhng quy trnh theo di c s dng rng ri nht. 2. Tp trung pht trin cc thit b 3. pht trin tng thit b mt 4. pht trin v kim tra 5. chy th cc thit b 6. lp rp, hon thin v a vo s dng - Hiu qu cao hn - Tc dch v nhanh hn (gip gim st v x l kp thi) - Lm gim chi ph - V nng cao cht lng dch v Walmart Vn ln nht ca Wal-Mart l chuyn hng ha ng thi hn v a hng ln k, Jim Russel, mt nh qun l khch hng cho phm vi quc gia cho cng ty ColgatePalmolive Co Bentonville pht biu. Hn loan trong qu trnh kim k kho Mt cp hng ha trong kho Tn km chi ph v thi gian theo di qu trnh vn chuyn hng ha Thiu hng trn k. Kim k kho nhanh chng B sung hng ln gi bn l kp thi D dng theo di giao nhn hng Wal-Mart cn c d nh s dng RFID truy nguyn ngun gc ca sn phm nhn bit nhng thay i ca nhit v kim sot hn s dng. Yu cu cc nh cung cp gn th RFID vo cc thng hng ca mnh. Bnh vin y hc thnh ph HCM phng php qun l ngi bnh ti cc bnh vin gn vi s sch v th nh s gy nn nhng nhm ln trong cng tc iu tr

Cc vn

Li ch

Cch thc p dng RFID Cc vn -

Page | 12

Cch thc p dng RFID

Th RFID c gn trn ngi bnh nhn vi hnh dng mt chic ng h nhm phc v cng tc qun l bnh nhn. gim chi ph cho cc bnh nhn ti bnh vin, trong khi em li cho bnh nhn nhiu hn s ring t. Qun l v theo di tin iu tr cho bnh nhn tt nht. Tn t cng sc hn cho vic nh v ti sn trong bnh vin. Tn t thi gian hn cho vic tm kim ti sn ca bnh vin v c nhiu thi gian hn bo tr cc ti sn nhm gim chi ph thay th. Gip nhn vin c nhiu thi gian hn v sinh v bo tr thit b, gip ko di thi gian s dng.

Li ch

5. VMI

Khi nim Vn c gii quyt Li ch u

Nhc

VMI l chin lc hoch nh v qun l h thng trong nh cung cp c trch nhim duy tr mc hng tn kho ca khch hng. Thanh tn hng tn kho c thc hin khi hng tn kho c tiu th - Ci thin mi quan h gia nh cung cp v ngi tiu dng - Ci thin ton b dy chuyn m n hot ng - C kh nng d bo v nhu cu v chi ph - Kim sot chnh xc v ti sn xut - /v nh cung cp - /v ngi mua: - /v c 2 bn V cp chui cung ng - gim tn kho n mc thp nht - t chi ph - tng doanh s bn - gim li do ngi nhp d liu - xy dng mqh chui mnh m V nh cung cp - nm bt c nhu cu khch hng - nng cao cht lng hn - hon thin hn cc phn tch th trng - tng doanh thu thng qua d bo chnh xc th trng V nh bn l - gim thi gian cung ng - cp tn kho c gim thiu - tng doanh thu thng qua vic gim HTK - nh SX h tr qun l cc danh mc V ngi tiu dng cui cng - mc dch v c gia tng - gim thi gian ch hng, ht hng - ch yu ph thuc vo mqh gia nh cung cp v nh bn l - tng chi ph to dng mqh - tng s ph thuc ln nhau, i khi mt tnh linh hot - m rng d liu v th nghim EDI, t chc thay i v cng ngh ln nhn s. Vn gp phi P&G v Wal-mart - gp phi hin tng thng tin nhu cu o nn kh khn trong vic ti sn xut - kh khn trong thi gian bn hng cao im WM

V d thc t PG

Page | 13

Kh khn khi s dng c/l Li ch t c

PG WM -

- phi gnh vc thm trch nhim qun l hng tn kho - phi gim st tnh trng tiu th hng ha v c trch nhim thng tin kp thi cho P&G gim ri ro v bin ng nh cu theo ma v HTK c gim st cht ch hn v b dung trn c s cn thit P&G tnh ton tt hn nhu cu sn xut ca h v quy hoch giao hng, m bo cp dch v mong mun c p ng Thi gian giao hng gim ng k

NOTE Hin tng Bullwhip

L hin tng nhu cu o (thng tin tiu th chnh lch ln so vi thc t) Hot ng theo nguyn l roi da, tc l thng tin i ngc t ngi tiu dng n nh sn xut b khuch i v khng chnh xc

6. Cross- docking

Khi nim

L chuyn ti hng ha nhanh, trnh a hng ha vo kho lu tr. C nhng chc nng c bn ging nh trung tm phn phi tng hp.

Phn loi -

Cc vn gii quyt Li ch

Cross docking bao gm 2 loi c bn sau: Cross docking n gin: Hng ha s c chuyn trc tip t xe ti sang xe ch hng i. Hnh thc ny s khng cn mt ci kho m ch cn mt a im sang hng ha m thi. Cross docking chuyn qua ngay: hng ha vn chuyn n kho vi s lng ln v s c phn loi (bao gm tch hay kt hp) thnh nhng l hng xc nh chuyn n tng khch hng tng ng. Qu trnh ny thng din ra ngay trong ngy hoc thm ch ch trong mt gi ng h. Phn loi c th: trong sn xut: thnh phm s c chuyn thng n v tr xut hng thay v c chuyn vo kho lu tr hng thnh phm. trong phn phi: hng ho c nhn trong nhng xe ti y hng, bao gm c nhng kin hng l khc nhau. trong vic gom hng: hng ha vn chuyn n c th kt hp vi mt s hng ha ang c trong kho hoc c th gom chung vi hng ha vn chuyn n t nhng ni khc. Cross-docking phi hp cc hot ng cung cp v phn phi gip cho hng ha i n ng ni cn n v dch chuyn trc tip n khu vc bc d hng ha, ri bc d ln cc phng tin vn ti. Gii quyt dc vn khi chi ph nh kho l ln.

- Gia tng tc di chuyn hng ha t nh cung cp n ca hng gip cng ty p ng nhu cu mt cch nhanh chng. - Gim ng k mt s chi ph nh nhn cng, lu kho, khai thc, din tch kho - Gim lng tn kho hng thnh phm (tn kho an ton) do san phm tn nhanh va khng lu vao kho. - Gim h hi hng ha trong qu trnh khai thc kho do khng lu kho trong thi gian dai. - Ti a ha cng sut nhn hng v xut hng vi nhng xe ti(contener) y hang thng qua lch trnh xut nhp khu hng ha c th v dng chy hng ha nhanh chng

Page | 14

trong kho (li th quy m) - Giam mt s lng ln cac giao dich gia nha cung ng va khach hang.

Hn ch

V d thc t

i tc tim nng khng c lu tr, nng lc cn thit. Cn mt i tu vn ti thch hp hot ng Cross Docking Cn h thng CNTT y Cc hoat ng x ly hang hoa c th dn n thit hi sn phm Yu cu mc cht che gia xut va nhp la rt cao. Cn phi thit k mt h thng v lch trnh ph hp. y l mt vn phc tp do khc bit v ng gi, hnh mu linh kin. Kho khn trong cch thc nhn v x l n hng, phn loi, mua v x l sn phm. Kodak Nhng ngi qun l nguyn vt liu khng nhn c li ch t vic thng nht vn chuyn. - Vic giao hng khng c k hoch din ra cc nh kho v nh my. - Hng tn kho dc ng khng xc nh c - Leadtime di Mc tn kho cao cc nh kho v cng xng, vic dn n s tc nghn, chi ph d tr v di chuyn cao Cch thc - Chon mt b phn nhng nha cung cp nguyn liu p dng - Chon ia im cross docking( vn chuyn hng t nha cung cp n Cross-dock va t Cross-dock n nha may) - Phat trin h thng thng tin ( th Kanban: mt ci th trn c cc thng tin ch r y l loi sn phm g, s lng sn phm bao nhiu, ni cn chuyn n) Li ch - Ci tin 2 hot ng: hiu qua va nng sut chui cung ng thun li ln k hoach san xut, iu khin vic giao hng c cai tin, thi gian xoay vong t hang nhanh hn, giam mc tn kho va yu cu khng gian tn tr. La phng php t chc sn xut theo d bo nhu cu th trng n gin, d thc hin, c nhiu thi gian sn xut, h gi thnh sn phm nh pht huy tnh kinh t v quy m v ng cong kinh nghim - To ra khi lng hng tn kho ln, chu k sn xut di, chi ph d tr cao, c nhng trng hp hng d tr khng bn c do d bo nhu cu khng chnh xc. - i hi lng vn lu ng ln, vng quay chm. Hoch nh sn xut da trn nhu cu v n hng thc t ca th trng ( san xut da vao n t hang ) Giup loai bo hang tn kho , tng mc dich vu , gim c vn lu ng, tng vng quay vn, phn ng nhanh v hiu qu hn vi nhng thay i ca th trng. Phi c kh nng phn ng nhanh trc nhng yu cu ca th trng, t chc linh hot (do phi p ng nhiu n hng c quy m nh), phi t chc v qun l tt h thng thng tin, chu trnh sn xut c qun l cht ch, khoa hc, c kh nng p ng c yu cu nghim ngt v tin , thi gian giao hng Chin lc Just-In-Time (JIT) c gi gn trong mt cu: "ng sn phm vi ng s lng ti ng ni vo ng thi im. Chin lc JIT san xut da vao n t hang , va khi bt u nhn c n t hang mi mua sm nguyn vt liu cho n t hang o. Cc vn -

PUSH ( y)

Khai nim u im Nhc im

PULL ( Keo )

Khai nim u im Nhc im

7. JUST-IN-TIME ( Thuc CL Keo )

Khai nim

Page | 15

Just in time hng ti mc tiu: Tn kho bng khng,Thi gian ch i bng khng, Chi ph pht sinh bng khng. iu kin ap dung

p dng hiu qu nht i vi doanh nghip c hot ng sn xut c tnh cht lp i lp li. S dng m hnh Just in time i hi s kt hp cht ch gia nh sn xut v nh cung cp. Tng cng phn cng lao ng x hi thng qua hp tc vi cc Cng ty lin kt. Ap dng nhng l hng nh vi qui m sn xut gn nh nhau, tip nhn vt t trong sut qu trnh sn xut tt hn l sn xut nhng l hng ln ri tn kho, ng vn. N cng gip d kim tra cht lng, gim thit hi khi c sai st. Doanh nghip cn kt hp ng b nhiu bin php: p dng dy chuyn lung mt sn phm (sn phm c chuyn theo qui trnh sn xut ch khng theo b phn chuyn mn nhm gim thiu chi ph vn chuyn), kh nng t kim li (cng on sau kim tra, nghim thu cng on trc), bnh chun ha (phn b cng vic u mi ngy, khng c ngy qu bn, ngy t vic).

ng dung cua JIT giai quyt cac vn

Cn i hang tn kho Loi b cc lng ph trong qu trnh sn xut, v d nh ph phm, nhn cng lng ph, mc tn kho cao khng cn thit... Li ch chnh caJIT l gim chi ph sn xut, tng sn lng Ct gim thi gian sn xut gip nng cao s hi lng v nim tin vi khch hng, trnh c tnh trng stock out. Gim c lng hng tn kho ng k cho doanh nghip, linh hot bin i vi cc thay i ca th trng. m bo rng lng sn xut va cung ng nhu cu ca khch hng, v t tit gim c chi ph cho kho bi v gim s lng ph phm. Giam tn tho ban thanh phm, thanh phm va hang hoa Giam khng gian s dung D tim thy va giai quyt nhng kho khn phat sinh Giam chi phi lu kho va tit kim din tich kho bai Lam giam thi gian va chi phi lp t C tnh linh ng cao trong phi hp sn xut va tn dng s tham gia ca nhn cng trong gii quyt vn Tng cht lng sn phm, gim ph liu v sn phm li Giam tng thi gian san xut Tao ap lc xy dng mi quan h tt vi cac nha cung cp C s tham gia ca cng nhn trong vic khc phc cc s c ca qu trnh sn xut, t nng cao tinh thn trch nhim ca cng nhn Khng ap ng c cac dao ng ln cua thi trng oi hoi phai co kha nng d bao chinh xac va kip thi va cn s phi hp cht che gia nha san xut va nha cung ng

Li ich Han ch -

Page | 16

8. POSTPONEME NT ( Tri hoan) Khai nim

Khi co s c 1 b phn nao o co th lam gian oan ca quy trinh san xut, gy thit hai nhiu mt Cn co chi phi giam sat va quan ly

Cac hinh thc tri hoan

La chin lc tri hon mt trong cac quyt inh v vn chuyn , chuyn i hinh thc cua san phm trong mt phn qua trinh chui cung ng ( mua sm , san xut , phn phi ) nhm lm li giai on phn bit ha sn phm. Trong chin lc nay , cac giai oan ban u cua chui cung ng hoat ng da trn h thng y , va cac giai oan cui cung c hoat ng trn chin lc keo. - Tri hoan vic dan nhan ( Nokia, Samsung Pin ) - Tri hoan vic ong goi - Tri hoan vic lp rap - Tri hoan vic san xut - Tri hoan vic thit k San phm a dang Nhu cu co tinh khng chc chn cao Vong i san phm ngn Chui cung ng co quy m toan cu Vic hiu chinh san phm it tn kem Gia tri tng them cui chui cung ng la cao Tng cng s thoa man cua khach hang Giam chi phi tn kho Nng cao ti l ap ng n hang nng cao s hai long KH Co kha nng tp trung vao vic i mi va thit k sp Giam chi phi vn chuyn

ng dung cua CL Tri hoan giai quyt cac vn

Li ich

Han ch

9. EDI

Khi nim

Nguyn l hot ng

Phn loi

oi hoi chui cung ng thich hp va nhanh nhen am bao rng cac d bao nhu cu mi nht c cp nht thng xuyn - Trong 1 s trng hp, chi phi tri hoan cao hn chi phi thng thng cho sp o. - Mt thi gian - Vic thc hin kha phc tap vi no co th thay i cac quy trinh a tn tai t lu. - Trao i d liu in t (EDI electronic data interchange) l s chuyn thng tin t my tnh ny sang my tnh khc bng phng tin in t theo mt tiu chun c tha thun v cu trc thng tin (y ban lin hp quc v lut thng mi quc t -UNCITRAL) Mt b chun EDI l khung hng dn mt loi nh dng d liu thng nht dng to nhng phin bn in t c c bng my tnh thay th cho ti liu giy truyn thng. Hin nay c 2 loi chun EDI c s dng rng ri l ANSI X12 v EDIFACT Khi c s dng, EDI rt thng tin t nhng ng dng ca cng ty v truyn ti cc chng t giao dch phi giy t di dng my tnh c c qua ng dy din thoi hoc cc thit b vin thng khc. u nhn, d liu c th nhp trc tip vo h thng my tnh ca i tc, c t ng x l vi cc ng dng ni b ti ni nhn Quy trnh hot ng chung ca EDI : 5 bc Chun b ti liu in t: m ha DL in t di dng chun EDI Dch d liu chuyn i Truyn thng: c 2 cch: qua Internet, qua mng VAN ring Dch d liu n: da trn tiu chun EDI X l ti liu in t C 2 loi EDI truyn thng v EDI Internet EDI truyn thng l s chuyn thng tin t my tnh ny sang my tnh khc bng phng tin in t theo mt tiu chun c tha thun v cu trc thng tin.

Page | 17

Cc v c gii quyt

Internet EDI l s trao i thng ip cho cc giao dch kinh doanh gia cc my tnh ca cc t chc khc nhau bng cch s dng cc tha thun chun ( cc hip nh khc nhau c ng rng ri trn th gii n mc c th c) qua Internet Hnh thc Internet EDI c s dng rng ri hin nay l Web EDI Giao dch trc khi c EDI qua giy t : - Trc khi c EDI, cc giao dch thng mi c thc hin hu ht qua giy t, vn bn. - Cc ha n, chng t, vn phiu, hay phiu giao hng u phi trc tip 2 bn chuyn giao cho nhau. - Khi 2 bn tha thun v a ra quyt nh k kt hp ng, tt c hp ng, ha n, tnh trng hng ha, tnh hnh vn chuyn u cn thit n s c mt ca 2 bn xc nhn, k tn, ng du. - Qu trnh ny lm tn kh nhiu thi gian v cng sc ca c doanh nghip v c nhn. - C quan qun l, cp b nghnh - Lnh vc giao thng - vn ti - Lnh vc ti chnh ngn hng - Lnh vc Cng ngh thng tin - Lnh vc sn xut phn phi bn l Gim chi ph giao dch cho vic trao i thng tin, chi ph giy t, th tn, chi ph x l DL bng tay. Tit kim thi gian v khng cn phi nhp li thng tin nhiu ln Tng tnh chnh xc ca thng tin, gim li sai st do khng phi nhp li s liu nhiu ln Theo di ng i ca hng ho trong tng giai on Chu trnh giao dch thng mi nhanh hn p ng nhu cu ca khch hng hiu qu hn gim thi gian lu kho, gim s lng hng tn kho thc y cc hot ng cung cp v sn xut tng tnh cnh tranh Ci thin mi quan h thng mi, cng c quan h gia khch hng v nh cung cp Gip cc doanh nghip ng vng trn th trng. Cn phi tn thi gian tiu chun ha chng trnh v th tc EDI cn l lnh vc mi cha c nhiu kin thc v kinh nghim. Cn phi o to i ng nhn vin IT Cch s dng phc tp Kh khn xc nh s lng tr li li nhun trn u t Chi ph cho EDI trn mng VAN (Value Added Network) l rt t, chi ph bo dng bo tr Gi c cn ph thuc vo s lng thng ip phin giao dch ca cng ty Vn - Vic trao i thng tin vi nh cung cp thng qua cc hnh thc trn giy v th l mt qu trnh chm v tn km - Mt hng tun x l cc n t hng v ho n bi v cc nh cung cp nh hn vn da trn mu giy t Thc hin GXS kt ni Internet truy cp v trao i ti liu kinh doanh vi tp on Chrysler vi mt khon ph c tnh theo mn mi ln giao dch. S dng Desktop EDI l phm mm kinh doanh trn my tnh bn qun l ti liu, n c th gi hn 30 ti liu mt thng Chrysler. N cho php cc nh cung cp trao i ti liu EDI khng ch vi Tp on Chrysler, m cn vi cc i tc thng mi khc. Li ch Tit kim chi ph giao dch bng giy t vi cc nh cung cp Ho n, n t hng hon thnh trong 24 gi thay v vi tun Ci thin chnh xc trn tt c cc ti liu Mi quan h i tc thng mi tt hn

Cc lnh vc ng dng

Li ch

Bt li

ng dng thc t: cng ty Chrysler ng dng phn mm EDI do GXS Trade Web cung cp

Page | 18

10. MRP Khi nim

Li ch ca cc nh cung cp : Cc khon thanh ton t Chrysler Group c chi tr nhanh hn Gim thi gian x l cc vn trn ha n Ci thin qun l tin mt MRP (Hoch nh nhu cu vt liu) l mt h thng qun l tn kho nguyn liu, l mt h thng thng tin da trn my tnh kim sot hng tn kho v lp k hoch sn xut. MRP lin quan n vic lp k hoch sn xut v kim sot hng tn kho. y l mt h thng kim sot nguyn vt liu, c gng gi cho lng tn kho mc thch hp m bo rng nguyn vt liu lun sn c khi cn n. m bo nguyn vt liu , cc thnh phn cu to sn c cho qu trnh sn

xut v sn phm cui cng c sn chuyn n khch hng. Mc tiu mua sm. MRP thch hp i vi h thng sn xut trong nhu cu ca cc b phn cu thnh sn phm v cc bn thnh phm ph thuc vo nhu cu ca cc sn phm phc v cho nhu cu th trng. a. u vo ca h thng Demand Forecasting (D bo nhu cu): Bill of material (BOM nh mc nguyn vt liu) Master Production Schedule (MPS): Duy tr mc tn kho thp nht c th. Lp k hoch cho hot ng sn xut, lch trnh giao hng v cc hot ng

b. H thng MRP

- Inventory status File (ISF - Leadtime Cc giai on x l MRP

Bc 1. Phn tch kt cu sn phm. Bc 2. Tnh tng nhu cu. Bc 3. Tnh nhu cu thc. Bc 4. Xc nh thi gian pht n hng hoc lnh sn xut c. u ra ca h thng Cn t hng hoc sn xut loi linh kin, ph tng no. S lung bao nhiu Thi gian khi no

ng dng

- MRP rt hu ch trong mi trng sn xut c tnh cht: Phc tp, khng chc chn. n t hng ca khch hng n tht thng. Lng hng bin i.

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 Thi gian ch bin i. Thnh phm c lp rp theo n t hng. u im Nhc im K thut m bo MRP thnh cng V d thc t PULL Tng hiu qu kinh doanh. Tng hiu qu sn xut. Thng tin kp thi v chnh xc. Gi mc tn kho mc ti thiu. Gim cc nguyn vt liu c. To tin cy cao i vi khch hng. Gim thi gian nhn ri. p ng nhanh hn vi nhu cu th trng. Thit lp mc tn kho an ton cho trng hp khn cp. Khng tn dng ht din tch kho hng (nu kho ln). i ng nhn vin cha trnh thc hin hoch nh. Nu 1 mc xch trong quy trnh cung ng vt t gp tr ngi s nh hng n tt c nhng khu sau. Tng chi ph t hng. Tng chi ph vn chuyn v chi ph n v. Chi ph ht hng cao. Pht hin v tm hiu nguyn nhn Hch ton theo chu k: Cp nht thng tin: Thit lp khong thi gian bo v toyota, suzuki, collins industries

SO SNH: t hng sn xut khch hng

PUSH Mc ch ca vic chuyn t push sang pull:

Sn xut hng tn kho khch hng Gim hng tn kho cc giai on materials intransit production outbound warehouse/ distribution center customer. - Gim chi ph vn chuyn: hng c bn chnh xc v s lng. - Gim chi ph tn kho. - Gim ngun lc rnh ri. - JIT: u vo cha c nguyn vt liu. - Postonement: u vo c nguyn vt liu. JIT l 1 phn ca postponement

So snh Just Postponement:

in

time

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