You are on page 1of 15

A B

C
U
R
0
+
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
-

BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11
DNG IN KHNG I
Bi 1:
Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bin tr AB l 1 dy
ng cht, di l = 1,3m, tit din S = 0,1mm
2
, in
tr sut

= 10
- 6
m .U l hiu in th khng i.
Nhn thy khi con chy cc v tr cch u A hoc
u B nhng on nh nhau bng 40cm th cng sut
to nhit trn bin tr l nh nhau. Xc nh R0 v
t s cng sut ta nhit trn R0 ng vi 2 v tr ca C?
Gi i:
Gi R1, R2 l in tr ca bin tr ng vi 2 v tr trn ca con chy C; R l in tr ton phn ca bin tr:
R R
13
4
1
R R
13
9
2

P1 = P2
2
2 0
1
1 0
) ( ) ( R
R R
U
R
R R
U
+

+
R0 = R R R
13
6
2 1

Gi I1, I2 l cng dng in qua R0 trong 2 trng hp trn
R
U
R R
U
I
10
13
1 0
1

+

R
U
R R
U
I
15
13
2 0
2

+

I1 = 1,5I2
25 , 2
2
1

P
P
Bi 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v 3, ngun in c sut in ng E, in tr
trong r = R / 2, hai t in c in dung
C1 = C2 = C (ban u cha tch in) v hai in tr R v 2R, lc u kha k m.
B qua in tr cc dy ni v kho k. ng k.
a.Tnh in lng chuyn qua dy dn MN.
b.Tnh nhit lng ta ra trn in tr R.
Gii:
a. +Khi k ngt q1 = 0; q2 = 0 nn tng in tch cc bn pha tri ca cc t in q
= 0.
+ Khi k ng
' '
1 2
, q CE q CE nn q

=
' '
1 2
2 q q CE +
+in lng t cc dng ca ngun n nt A l: q

= 2CE
+ Gi in lng qua AM l q1, qua AN l
2
q , ta c :
q

=
1 2
q q + = 2CE (1)
+Gi I1, I2 l cng dng in trung bnh trong on AM v AN ta c:
1 1 1
2 2 2
2
2
q I t I R
q I t I R



(2)
+T (1) v (2) suy ra:
1 2
4 2
;
3 3
CE CE
q q
+in lng dch chuyn t M n N
'
1 1
4
3 3
MN
CE CE
q q q CE
b. +Cng ca ngun in lm dch chuyn in tch q

trong mch l : A = q

E = 2CE
2
1
R
2R
M
N
k
E, r
r
+ -
C
2
C
1
Hnh
3
BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11
+Nng lng ca hai t sau khi tch in: W = 2.
2 2
1
2
CE CE
+in tr tng ng ca mch AM l: RAM =
2
3
R
+Tng nhit lng ta ra trn cc in tr l: QAM + Qr = A - W = CE
2
(3)
+Trong on mch mc ni tip nhit lng ta ra t l thun vi in tr:
4
3
AM AM
r
Q R
Q r


+T (3) v (4) ta c:
2
4
7
AM
Q CE
+Trong on mch mc song song nhit lng ta ra t l nghch vi in tr nn:
2
2
2 2 8
2
3 21
R
R AM
R
Q R
Q Q CE
Q R

Bi 3 : C mt s in tr r = 5 ( ).
a. Hi phi dng ti thiu bao nhiu in tr mc thnh mch c in tr 3 ( ).
Xc nh s in tr r, lp lun v s mch ?
b. Hi phi dng ti thiu bao nhiu in tr mc thnh mch c in tr 7 ( ).
Xc nh s in tr r, lp lun v s mch ?
Gii:
a. Hi phi dng ti thiu bao nhiu in tr mc thnh mch c in tr 3 ( ).
* Gi in tr ca mch l R
V R < r nn cc in tr r phi c mc song song.
Gi s rng mch ny gm 1 in tr r mc song song vi mt mch no c in tr X nh hnh (a) .
Ta c :
R =
X r
X r
+
.
3 =
X
X
+ 5
. 5

X = 7,5 ( )
Vi X = 7,5 ( ) ta c X c s nh hnh (b)
Ta c : X = r + Y
Y = X - r = 7,5 - 5 = 2,5 ( )
Y = 2,5 ( ) th phi c 2 in tr r mc song song.
Vy phi c ti thiu 4 in tr r mc nh hnh (c).
b. Phi dng ti thiu bao nhiu in tr mc thnh mch c in tr 7 ( ).
* Gi in tr ca mch l R
/

V R
/
> r nn coi mch gm in tr r mc ni tip vi
mt on mch c in tr X nh hnh (d)
Ta c : R
/
= r + X
/

X
/
= R
/
- r = 7 - 5 = 2 ( ).
V X
/
< r X
/
l on mch gm r mc song song vi mt on mch c
in tr Y
/
nh hnh (e).
Ta c : X
/
=
/
/
.
Y r
Y r
+
2 =
/
/
5
. 5
Y
Y
+
Y
/
=
3
10
( ).
2
BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11
V Y
/
< r nn Y
/
l mt on mch gm r mc song song vi mt on mch c in tr Z nh hnh
(g).
Ta c : Y
/
=
Z r
Z r
+
.

3
10
=
Z
Z
+ 5
. 5
50 + 10 Z = 15.Z
Z = 10 ( ). Vy Z l on mch gm 2 in tr r mc ni
tip vi nhau nh hnh (h)
Vy cn phi c 5 in tr mc theo s nh hnh (h)
Bi 4:
C mt s n (3V- 3W) v mt s ngun, mi ngun c sut in ng = 4V, in tr r = 1.
a. Cho 8 n. Tm s ngun t nht v cch ghp n, ghp ngun n sng bnh thng. Xc nh hiu
sut cch ghp.
b. Cho 15 ngun. Tm s n nhiu nht v cch ghp n, ghp ngun n sng bnh thng. Xc nh
hiu sut cch ghp.
Gii
a. Gi x l s ngun in; m l s dy ca b ngun; n l s ngun in trong mi dy
Ta c: x = m.n; b = n;
b
nr
r
m

Gi y l s bng n; p l s dy bng n; q l s bng trn mi dy. Ta c: y = p.q


Cng dng in qua mch chnh I = p.Im
Ta c: U = b - Irb
nr
n I
m

2
dm
.
n r
U n p I
x
Vi
dm
.
x
m
n
I p I

'

(1)
M U = q.Um
dm
y
U
p

Vi
y
q
p

(2)
So snh (1) v (2) ta c:
2 dm
0
dm
prI y
n n U
x p
+
(3)
Phng trnh (3) c nghim khi:
2
4 0
dm
y
rp
x
(4)
2
4
dm
rp x
y

3
4
x
y

* Khi y = 8 th x 6 nn s ngun ti thiu l 6 ngun.
Thay y = 8 v x = 6 vo (4) = 0 nn
12
n
p

; ta li c
6 8
; n p
m q

Vi m; n; p; q l cc s nguyn dng nn:
m n p q
Cch 1 2 3 4 2
Cch 2 1 6 2 4
Hiu sut:
1 2
50%
dm
b
qU U
H H
n

b. Khi x = 15 th
3
20
4
x
y
y

nn s bng n nhiu nht c th mc c 20 bng.
3
BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11
Thay x = 15; y = 20 vo (4) = 0 nn
30
n
p

; ta li c
15 20
; n p
m q

Vi m; n; p; q l cc s nguyn dng nn:
m n p q
Cch 1 5 3 10 2
Cch 2 1 15 2 10
Hiu sut:
1 2
50%
dm
b
qU U
H H
n

Bi 5:
Cho hai t in phng khng kh, cc bn hnh trn bng kim loi c ng knh D. T 1c khong cch gia
hai bn l d, t 2 c khong cch gia hai bn l 2d. Tch in cho mi t n cng hiu in th U ri ngt khi
ngun. Sau a t 1 vo trong lng ca t 2 sao cho cc bn song song nhau v hon ton i din nhau. So
snh nng lng ca h t in trc v sau khi a t 1 vo trong lng t 2.
Gii:
+ Do khong cch gia 2 bn ca t 2 gp i t 1 nn C1 = 2C2 = C q1 = 2q2.
+ Nng lng t 1:
C
q
W
2
2
1
1
; Nng lng t 2:
C
q
C
q
W
4
2
1
2
2
2

+ Tng nng lng ban u ca h: W0 = W1 + W2 =
2 2
1 1
3 3
4
q q
C C

*Trng hp 1: a 2 bn cng du gn nhau do hin tng hng ng, h gm 3 t
1
/
C
,
/
2
C ,
/
3
C
+ T 1
1
/
C c in tch
1
/
2
q q v in dung
1
/
.
4 . .
S d
C C
k x x


+ T 2
/
2
C c in tch
/
2 2
3 q q v in dung
/
2
C = C
+ T 3
/
3
C c in tch
3
/
2
q q
/
3
.
4 . ( )
S d
C C
k d x d x



+ Nng lng:
1
1
2 2
/ 2 2
/
2 2
q q x
W
C dC

;
2
2
/ 2
9
2
q
W
C
;
3
3
2 2
/ 2 2
/
( )
2 2
q q d x
W
C dC



+Tng nng lng ca h lc sau :
1 2 3
2 2
/ / / 2 1
5 5
4
q q
W W W W
C C
+ +
+
0
3
5
W
W
Nng lng ca h tng ln.
*Trng hp 2: a 2 bn tri du li gn nhau Cng c h 3 t cng in .tch q2
+ Nng lng:
1
1
2 2
/ 2 2
/
2 2
q q x
W
C dC

2
2
/ 2
2
q
W
C

3
3
2 2
/ 2 2
/
( )
2 2
q q d x
W
C dC


4
2d
x
d
d-x
+ - + - +
-
2d
x
d
d-x
+ - + - + -

+ -

+ -

BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11
+Tng nng lng ca h lc sau :
1 2 3
2
/ / / 1
4
q
W W W W
C
+ +
+
0
3
W
W
Nng lng ca h gim xung.
Bi 6:
Cho mt mch in nh hnh 3. Tt c cc vn k u ging nhau, tt c cc in tr u ging nhau.
Vn k V1 ch 8V, vn k V3 ch 10V. Tm s ch vn k V5.
Gii:
*Tm t s R/RV
+ V3 = V1 +RI1 + R(I1+ IV2) 2 = 2 RI1+RIV2 (1)
+ IV2 = (8+ RI1)/RV (2) v I1 = 8/RV (3)
+ (1),(2),(3) 4x
2
+12x-1= 0 (4) vi x =R/RV
+ Gii (4) x =
10 3
2

*Tm s ch V5
+ V5 = V3 +RI3 + R(I3+ IV4) = 10+2RI3 +RIV4 (5)
+IV4 = (10+ RI3)/RV (6)
+ I3 = 10/RV +16/RV + 8R/
2
V
R (7)
+ Thay (6),(7) vo (5) v ch x =
10 3
2

V5 =
1
5 10
2
V
_


,
Bi 7:
xc nh v tr ch b chp ca mt dy i in thoi di 4km, ngi ta ni pha u dy vi ngun
in c hiu in th 15V; mt ampe k c in tr khng ng k mc trong mch pha ngun in th thy khi
u dy kia b tch ra th ampe k ch 1A, nu u dy kia b ni tt th ampe k ch 1,8A. Tm v tr ch b hng
v in tr ca phn dy b chp. Cho bit in tr ca mt n v di ca dy l 1,25/Km
Gii:
+ M t mch tng ng
Gi L l chiu di ca dy in thoi , x l khong cch t ch hng n ngun, R l in tr ca phn cch in
ti ch b hng
+ Khi u dy kia b tch ( trong mch in tng ng vi kha k m)
U = (2x + R)I1
2,5x + R = 15 (1)
+ Khi u dy kia b ni tt (trong mch in tng ng vi kha k ng )
5
V
n
V
1
V
2
V
3
V
4
V
5
Hnh 3
I
1
I
2
I
3
I
4
V
5
V
3
V
2
V
1
V
4
I
V2
I
V3
I
V4
I
V5
A
+
-
R K
x
L
BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11

( )
( )
2
.2
2
2
R L x
U x I
R L x



+
' )
+



3,75x
2
27,5x-R+50 = 0 (2)
+ T (1) & (2) 3,75x
2
25x +35 = 0 (3)
+ Gii (3) x = 2km (1) R = 10km
Bi 8:Cho mch in:
Trong :
E = 80V
R1 = 30
R2 = 40
R3 = 150
R + r = 48, ampe k ch 0,8A, vn k ch 24V.
1. Tnh in tr RA ca ampe k v in tr RV ca vn k.
2. Khi chuyn R sang song song vi an mch AB. Tnh R trong hai trng hp:
a. Cng sut tiu th trn in tr mch ngoi t cc i.
b. Cng sut tiu th trn in tr R t cc i.
Gii:
1. Gi I l cng dng in trong mch chnh:
Ta c: E = I (r + R) + R2 (I IA) + UV
80 = 48I + 40 (I 0,8) + 24 I = 1A
UAB = (I IA) R2 + UV = 32V
10
1
R
I
U
R
A
AB
A


600
3
R
U
I I
U
I
U
R
V
A
V
V
V
V
2. Ta c: 32
I
U
R
AB
AB
a. Khi chuyn R sang song song vi on mch AB th mch ngoi c in tr
R
R
R
N
+

32
. 32
(1)
Cng sut P ca in tr mch ngoi:
P = E . I rI
2
Hay : rI
2
E.I + P = 0
= E
2
4.r.P 0
r
E
P
4
2
max

Mt khc ta c:
( )
2
2
.
r R
E
R P
N
N
+

P = Pmax khi RN = r (2)


T (1) v (2): R r
R
R

+
48
32
32
R = 32
b. Gi: I l cng dng in qua R
I3 l cng dng in qua mch AB c cha R1, R2, RA,R3
6
A V
A
V
R
3
R
1
R
2
R
A
B
(
E,r
)
BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11
Ta c:
'
'
'
3
r
U E
R
U
r
U E
I I I
AB
AB
AB


Vi
r r R
R
E E
+

32
32
. 80 . '
r
r
r R
r R
r
+

32
. 32 .
'
(E, r): ngun tng ng
Cng sut tiu th trn R cc i khi: R = r
+
32
32
. 32
48 r
r
r
r
V do : R = 48 32 = 16
Bi 9:
Cho mch in nh hnh v. Ngun in
c E = 8V, r =2.
in tr ca n l R1 = 3; R2 = 3 ; ampe k c in
tr khng ng k.
a, K m, di chuyn con chy C ngi ta nhn thy khi
in tr phn AC ca bin tr AB c gi tr 1 th n
ti nht. Tnh in tr ton phn ca bin tr.
b, Thay bin tr trn bng mt bin tr khc v mc
vo ch bin tr c mch in trn ri ng kho K. Khi in tr phn AC bng 6 th ampe k ch
5
3
A. Tnh
in tr ton phn ca bin tr mi.
Gii:
a, Gi R l in tr ton phn, x l in tr phn AC.
Khi K m, ta v li mch in nh hnh bn.
- in tr ton mch l:

2
3( 3) ( 1) 21 6
6 6
tm
x x R x R
R R x r
x x
+ + + +
+ +
+ +

2
tm
8( 6)
R ( 1) 21 6
E x
I
x R x R
+

+ + +
;
- H..t gia hai im C v D:
2
24( 3)
( )
( 1) 21 6
CD
x
U E I R r x
x R x R
+
+
+ + +
;
- Cng dng in qua n l:
1 2
1
24
R ( 1) 21 6
CD
U
I
x x R x R

+ + + +
;
- Khi n ti nht tc
1
I t min, v khi mu s t cc i.
- Xt tam thc bc 2 mu s, ta c:
1
1
2 2
b R
x
a

;
- Suy ra R 3 ( ).
b, Khi K ng, ta chp cc im A v B li vi nhau
nh hnh v. Gi R' l gi tr bin tr ton phn mi.
- in tr ton mch lc ny:
17 ' 60
4( ' 3)
tm
R
R
R

- T cc nt ta c:
A BC
I I I + hay
A BC
I I I .
- T s ta tnh c cng dng in mch chnh v cng qua BC:
7
+ -
R
1
R
2
E , r
A B
C
A
K
+ -
R - x
R
1
R
2
x
E r
B
C
A
D
D
+ -
A
B
C
R
1
R
2
R'-6
x = 6
E, r
BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11

32( ' 3)
17 ' 60
R
I
R

;
48
17 ' 60
BC
I
R

;
- Theo gi thit
5
3
A
I A, ta c:
32( ' 3) 48 5
17 ' 60 17 ' 60 3
R
R R



;
- T tnh c : R' = 12 ( )
Bi 10:
Mun mc ba bng n,
1
(110V-40W),
2
(110V-50W) v
3
(110V-80W) vo mng in c hiu in th
220V sao cho c ba bng u sng bnh thng, ngi ta phi mc thm vo mch mt in tr R
0
.
a. Tm cc cch mc kh d v gi tr R
0
tng ng vi mi cch mc.
b. Cch mc no li nht (cng sut tiu th R
0
l nh nht), v vi cch mc cng sut tiu th
R
0
l bao nhiu ?
Gii:
a. Tm cc cch mc kh d v gi tr R
0
tng ng vi mi cch mc.
- in tr ca cc bng n :
R
1 D
=
1
2
1
Dm
Dm
P
U
=
40
110
2
= 302,5 (
)
R
2 D
=
2
2
2
Dm
Dm
P
U
=
50
110
2
= 242 (
)
R
3 D
=
3
2
3
Dm
Dm
P
U
=
80
110
2
= 151,25 (
)
V mng in c hiu in th gp i hiu in th nh mc ca cc n, nn phi
mc thnh hai nhm ni tip, mi nhm c mt s n song song v mc thm in tr ph
R
0
sao cho in tr tng ng ca hai nhm bng nhau (dng in qua hai nhm nh nhau).
C 4 cch mc kh d nh sau :
- Vi s (a) :
0 3 2 1
1 1 1 1
R R R R
D D D
+ +
0
1
25 , 151
1
242
1
5 , 302
1
R
+ +
R
0
= 1210 ( )
- Vi s (b) :
0 2 3 1
1 1 1 1
R R R R
D D D
+ +
0
1
242
1
25 , 151
1
5 , 302
1
R
+ +
R
0
172,86 ( )
8
BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11
- Vi s (c) :
0 1 3 2
1 1 1 1
R R R R
D D D
+ +
0
1
5 , 302
1
25 , 151
1
242
1
R
+ +
R
0
134,44 ( )
- Vi s (d) :
25 , 151
1
242
1
5 , 302
1 1 1 1 1
3 2 1
+ + + +
D D D td
R R R R
R
td
71,17 ( )
R
0
71,17 ( )
b. Cch mc no li nht (cng sut tiu th R
0
l nh nht), v vi cch mc
cng sut tiu th R
0
l bao nhiu ?
Cng sut tiu th ca R
0
: P =
0
2
R
U
- V U = 110 V = const nn P
min
khi R
max 0
- Trong bn cch mc ta nhn thy rng theo cch mc s (a) l li nht :
R
max 0
= 1210 ( ).
- P
min
=
max 0
2
R
U
=
1210
110
2
= 10 (W).
Bi 11:
Tm on dy dn cng c in tr R c hn li thnh hnh thp c y
ABCD v nh 0 nh hnh v : Tnh in tr tng ng gia cc im :
a. A v C.
b. A v B.
c. A v 0. Bit hiu in th gia A v 0 l 14 (V) v R = 2 ( ), tnh
cc dng in trong cc on dy dn.
Gii:
Khung dy hnh thp v li dng phng nh hnh v
a. Tnh in tr tng ng gia A v C :
Do i xng nn V
B
= V
D
=
2
A C
V V
= V
0
. Nn c th b
on OB v OD.
- in tr tng ng gia A v C : R
AC
= R
3
2
b. Tnh in tr tng ng gia A v B :
Nu tch cc dy 0 nh hnh (a), do i xng V
01
= V
02
, nn
c tch hay chp khng tc dng g n dng Mng mi
tng ng vi mng cho; ta c mch in c dng nh
hnh (b)
- R
CD
=
3
2
R
- R
ADCB
=
3
2
R + 2R =
3
8
R.
9
BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11
-
AB
R
1
=
R
3
8
1
+
R
3
2
1
=
R R 2
3
8
3
+
-
AB
R
1
=
R 8
15
R
AB
= R
15
8
.

c. Tnh in tr tng ng gia A v 0 :
- Do i xng nn V
B
= V
D
, ta chp ABC vi ADC
C dng nh hnh (c), mch in tng ng nh hnh (d)
- R
BO
= R
8
3
- R
ABO
= R
8
7
- RtAO = R
15
7
- Dng in trong cc on dy dn c chiu nh
hnh(e)
* Cn c vo s mch in hnh (d) ta c :
- I
AO
=
AO
AO
R
U
=
2
14
= 7 (A).

- I
ABO
=
ABO
AO
R
U
=
2 .
8
7
14
= 8 (A)
- U
BO
= I
ABO
.R
BO
= 8.
8
3
.2 = 6 (V)
- I
BO
=
2
R
U
BO
=
2
2
6
= 6 (A)
- I
BDO
= I
ABO
- I
BO
= 8 - 6 = 2 (A)
* Cn c vo mch in hnh (e) ta c cng dng in trong cc on dy dn nh sau :
I
1
= I
4
=
2
ABO
I
=
2
8
= 4 (A)
I
2
= I
3
=
2
BDO
I
=
2
2
= 1 (A)
I
5
= I
2
+ I
3
= 2 (A)
I
6
= I
4
- I
3
= 4 - 1 = 3 (A)
I
7
= I
1
- I
2
= 4 - 1 = 3 (A)
I
8
= I
AO
= 7 (A)
Hoc cng dng in mch chnh I =
tdAO
AO
R
U
=
2 .
15
7
14
= 15 (A)
I
8
= I - I
1
- I
4
= 15 - 4 - 4 = 7 (A)
Bi 12:
10
BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11
Cho mch in nh hnh v :
R
1
= R
2
= 3 ( ) ; R
3
= 2 ( ) ; R
4
l bin tr ; K l kha
in.
Ngun in mc vo hai u B, D c hiu in th U khng i. Ampe
k v vn k u l tng. Cc dy ni c in tr khng ng k.
a. Ban u kha K m, R
4
= 4 ( ) th vn k ch 1 (V).
- Xc nh hiu in th U ca ngun in.
- Nu ng kha K th ampe k v vn k ch bao nhiu ?
b. ng kha K v di chuyn con chy C ca bin tr R
4
t u bn tri sang u bn phi th s ch ca
ampe k I
A
thay i nh th no ? V th ca I
A
theo v tr ca con chy C.
Gii:
a. Ban u kha K m, R
4
= 4 ( ) th vn k ch 1 (V).
- Xc nh hiu in th U ca ngun in.
R
12
= R
1
+ R
2
= 6 ( )
R
34
= R
3
+ R
4
= 6 ( )
I
1
= I
2
=
6
U
Ta c : U
1
= I
1
.R
1
= 3.I
1
= 3.
6
U
U
2
= I
2
.R
3
= 2.I
2
= 2.
6
U
Gi s V
M
> V
N
ta c :
U
MN
= U
2
- U
1
=
2 3
U U
=
6
U
U
V
= U
NM
=
6
U
U = 6 U
V
= 6.1 = 6 (V)
- Khi kha K ng :
R
13
=
3 1
3 1
R R
R R
+
= 2 , 1
5
6
2 3
2 . 3

+
( )
R
24
=
7
12
4 3
4 . 3
4 2
4 2

+ R R
R R
( )
R
BD
= R
13
+ R
24
= 1,2 +
7
12
=
7
4 , 20
( )
Cng dng in mch chnh : I =
BD
R
U
=
7
4 , 20
6
=
2 , 10
21
4 , 20
42

2,06 (A)
U
13
= U
1
= U
3
= I. R
13
=
2 , 10
21
.1,2 = 2,47 (V)
I
1
=
1
1
R
U
=
3
47 , 2
= 0,823 (A)
U
24
= U
2
= U
4
= I. R
24
=
2 , 10
21
.
7
12
= 3,53 (V)
I
2
=
2
2
R
U
=
3
53 , 3
= 1,18 (A)
Ta c : I
2
> I
1
I
A
= I
2
- I
1
= 1,18 - 0,823 = 0,357 (A)
Vy dng in qua ampe k c chiu t N n M v c cng
11
BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11
I
A
= 0,357 (A)
Vn k ch 0 (V)
b. ng kha K v di chuyn con chy C ca bin tr R
4
t u bn tri sang u bn phi th s ch ca
ampe k I
A
thay i nh th no ? V th ca I
A
theo v tr ca con chy C.
Ta c :
R
13
=
3 1
3 1
R R
R R
+
= 2 , 1
5
6
2 3
2 . 3

+
( )
t NC = x
R
24
=
x R
x R
+
2
2
.
=
x
x
+ 3
. 3
R
BD
= 1,2 +
x
x
+ 3
. 3
=
x
x
+
+
3
6 , 3 2 , 4
I =
BD
R
U
=
x
x
+
+
3
6 , 3 2 , 4
6
=
6 , 3 2 , 4
) 3 ( 6
+
+
x
x
U
13
= I. R
13
=
6 , 3 2 , 4
) 3 ( 6
+
+
x
x
.1,2 =
6 , 3 2 , 4
) 3 ( 2 , 7
+
+
x
x
I
1
=
1
13
R
U
=
3
6 , 3 2 , 4
) 3 ( 2 , 7
+
+
x
x
=
6 , 3 2 , 4
) 3 ( 4 , 2
+
+
x
x
U
24
= I.R
24
=
6 , 3 2 , 4
) 3 ( 6
+
+
x
x
.
x
x
+ 3
. 3
=
6 , 3 2 , 4
. 18
+ x
x
I
2
=
2
24
R
U
=
3
6 , 3 2 , 4
. 18
+ x
x
=
6 , 3 2 , 4
. 6
+ x
x
* Xt hai trng hp :
- Trng hp 1 : Dng in chy qua ampe k c chiu t M n N.
Khi : I
A
= I
1
- I
2
=
6 , 3 2 , 4
) 3 ( 4 , 2
+
+
x
x
-
6 , 3 2 , 4
. 6
+ x
x
=
6 , 3 2 , 4
6 , 3 2 , 7
+

x
x
(1)
Bin lun :
Khi x = 0 I
A
= 2 (A)
Khi x tng th (7,2 - 3,6.x) gim ; (4,2.x + 3,6) tng do I
A
gim
Khi x = 2 I
A
=
6 , 3 2 . 2 , 4
2 . 6 , 3 2 , 7
+

= 0 .
- Trng hp 2 : Dng in chy qua ampe k c chiu t N n M.
Khi : I
A
= I
2
- I
1
=
6 , 3 2 , 4
. 6
+ x
x
-
6 , 3 2 , 4
) 3 ( 4 , 2
+
+
x
x
=
6 , 3 2 , 4
2 , 7 6 , 3
+

x
x
I
A
=
x
x
6 , 3
2 , 4
2 , 7
6 , 3
+

(2)
Bin lun :
+ Khi x tng t 2 ( ) tr ln th
x
2 , 7
v
x
6 , 3
u gim do I
A
tng.
12
BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11
+ Khi x rt ln ( x = ) th
x
2 , 7
v
x
6 , 3
tin ti 0. Do I
A
0,86 (A) v cng dng chy
qua in tr R
4
rt nh ; S mch c th v nh hnh bn.
* th biu din s ph thuc ca cng dng in I
A
chy qua ampe k vo gi tr x ca bin tr
R
4
c dng nh hnh v .
Bi 13:
Cho mch in hnh v:
Ngun in c E = 8V, r = 2. n c in tr
R1 = 3, R2 = 3 , in tr ca ampe k khng ng k.
a) K m di chuyn con chy C n v tr m RBC = 1 th n ti nht. Tnh in tr ton phn bin tr RAB.
b) Thay RAB = 12 ri di chuyn con chy C n gia (trung im AB) ri ng K. Tm s ch ca ampe k lc ny.
Gii:
a) Tnh in tr ton phn bin tr RAB.
- Hnh v
t: RAB = R ; RBC = x ; RAC = R x
Khi K m mch in v li nh sau
;
Cng dng in qua n
Khi n ti nht th I1 nh nht
t y = -x
2
+ (R - 1)x + 21 + 6R ;
13
6
) 3 ( 3
+
+

x
x
R
CD
6
) 3 ( 3
+
+
+
x
x
x R R
AD
R x R x
x
r R
E
I
AD
6 21 ) 1 (
) 6 ( 8
2
+ + +
+

1 1
1
.
R x
R I
R x
U
I
CD CD
R x R x
I
6 21 ) 1 (
24
2
1
+ + +

y
I
24
1

BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11
I1 min khi y max :
ymax khi
Theo : x = 1 , R = 3
b) Tm s ch ca ampe k lc ny.
Khi K ng con chy C gia Hnh v
R3 = RAC = 6
R4 = RBC = 6
R234 = 6

A
r R
E
I
AD
2
+


UAD = I . RAD = 4V ,
A I I
3
1
4 3

3
I I I
A
+

A I
A
3
5
s ch ca ampe k l A
3
5

Bi 14:
Cho mch in nh hnh v, cc ampe k c in tr
khng ng k; A1 ch 0.2A; A2 ch 0.3A. Nu
i v tr ca 2 in tr trong s cho nhau
th ch s ca cc ampe k vn khng i. Tm
cng dng in qua ngun trong cc trng hp hon i.
Bi gii: K hiu cc dng in qua cc nhnh nh hnh v.
Ta c I1 = i2 + i3 (1)
I2 = i1 + i3 (2)
I = I1 +i1 = I2 + i3. (3)
. (2) (1) : I2 - I1 = i1 i3 0 : (4) khng i sau khi i
cc in tr.
Nu hon i v tr R1 v R3
Sau khi i I1 = i2 + i1;
Theo bi I1 = I1 i1 = i3 I1 I2 = 0 : khng ph hp
vi iu kin khng i ca (4)
Vy khng th i v tr ca R1 cho R3
. Trng hp i R1 vi R2.
Sau khi i I1 = i1 + i3; (5)
V I1 = I1 nn t (1) v (5) i1= i2.
(2) : I2 =2i2 = 2i1 i1 = i2 = 0.15A
Vy I = I1 + i1 = 0.2+ 0.15 = 0.35A
. Trng hp i R2 vi R3.
Sau khi i I2 = i1 + i3; (6)
V I2 = I2 nn t (2) v (6) i2= i3.
(1) : I1 =2i2 = 2i3 i3 = i2 = 0.1A
14
2
1
2


R
A
B
x

+
2
.
1 234
1 234
R R
R R
R
AD
A
R
U
I
AD
3
2
234
2

A
2
E
A
1
R
1
R
2
R
3
A
2
E
A
1
I
I
1
i
1
i
2
i
3
I
2
R
1
R
2
R
3
BI TP BI DONG HSG L 11
Vy I = I2 + i3 = 0.3+ 0.1 = 0.4A
15

You might also like