CC DNG BI TP CA CHNG BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC

Ch nht - 14/10/2012 15:42

CC DNG BI TP CA CHNG BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC Bi 1. a) Cn c vo u m ngi ta xp cc nguyn t thnh chu k, nhm ? b) Th no l chu k? Trong h thng tun hon c bao nhiu chu k? Mi chu k c bao nhiu nguyn t ? Bi 2. Mt nguyn t thuc chu k 3, phn nhm chnh nhm V trong h thng tun hon. Hi: - Nguyn t ca nguyn t c bao nhiu electron lp ngoi cng? - Cc e ngoi cng nm lp th my? - Vit s e trong tng lp? Bi 3. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII l 28. a) Tnh khi lng nguyn t? b) Vit cu hnh e ? p n: . Bi 4. Cho 5 nguyn t sau: Be (Z = 4) ; N (Z = 7) ; Sc (Z =21) ; Se (Z = 34); Ar (Z = 18). a) Vit cu hnh electron ca chng? b) Xc nh v tr mi nguyn t trong h thng tun hon. c) Nu tnh cht ha hc c bn ca chng? Gii thch?. Bi 5. a) Trong h thng tun hon nhng nhm A no gm cc kim loi ? Phi kim ? Cc kh him ? b) Nhng phn nhm ph no gm cc kim loi ? Phi kim ? Cc kh him ? Bi 6. Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca mt nguyn t mt nguyn t thuc phn nhm VIIA l 28. a) Tnh khi lng nguyn t. b) Vit cu hnh electron. p n : 19. Bi 7. Mt nguyn t thuc chu k 3 phn nhm VIA trong h thng tun hon. Hi : a) Nguyn t ca nguyn t c bao nhiu electron lp ngoi cng ? b) Cc electron ngoi cng nm lp th my ? c) Vit s electron trong tng lp ? Bi 8. Nguyn t ca mt s nguyn t c cu hnh electron nh sau : A) 1s2 2s2 2p1 C) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 B) 1s2 2s2 2p5 D) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 Hy xc nh v tr ca chng (s th t, chu k, nhm) trong bng h thng tun hon. Bi 9. Bit c v tr ca nguyn t trong h thng tun hon, ta c th bit c g v c im cu to ca nguyn t ca chng ? Bi 10. Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc R 2O5. Trong hp cht ca n vi hidro l mt cht c thnh phn khi lng R l 82,35%. Tm nguyn t . p n : Nit (M = 14). Bi 11. Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc RO3. Trong hp cht ca n vi hidro c 17,65% hidro v khi lng. Tm nguyn t . p n : Lu hunh (M = 32). Bi 12. Hp cht kh vi hidro ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc RH4. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 53,3% oxi. Tm nguyn t .

p n : Silic (M = 28). Bi 13. Khi cho 3,33 g mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc th c 0,48 g hidro thot ra. Cho bit tn kim loi kim . p n : Liti (M = 6,94). Bi 14. Khi cho 0,6g mt kim loi thuc nhm IIA tc dng vi nc th c 0,336 lt hidro thot ra (ktc). Gi tn kim loi . p n : Canxi (M = 40). Bi 15. Nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 82, ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 22 ht. Xc nh Z, A v vit k hiu ca nguyn t X. p n : Z = 26 ; A = 56, . Bi 16. Cho cc nguyn t X, Y, Z. Tng s ht trong cc nguyn t ln lt l 16, 58, 78. S chnh lch gia s khi v khi lng nguyn t khng vt qu mt n v. Hy xc nh cc nguyn t v vit k hiu ca cc nguyn t. p n : X : ; Y: ; Z: . Bi 17. Hp cht Y c cng thc MX2 trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. Trong ht nhn X s ntron nhiu hn s proton l 4 ht. Trong ht nhn s ntron bng s proton.Tng s ht trong MX2 l 58. a) Tm AM; AX . b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca MX2. p n : a) AM = 56 (Fe) ; AX = 26(S) ; b) FeS2. Bi 18. A v B l hai nguyn t cng nm trong cng mt phn nhm chnh v c tng s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t l 16. Hy lp lun xc nh v tr A, B trong bng tun hon. p n : Be v Mg. Bi 19. C 3 nguyn t X, Y, Z. Bit X chu k 3, nhm VIA; Y chu k 4, nhm VIIIA; Z chu k 5, nhm IA. a) Vit cu hnh electron. Cho bit s lp electron, s electron trn mi lp ca mi nguyn t? b) Nguyn t no l kim loi, phi kim, kh tr? V sao? c) Cho bit tn mi nguyn t. Bi 20. Nguyn t R thuc nhm IIIA v c tng s ht c bn l 40. a) Xc nh s hiu nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron ca R. b) Tnh % theo khi lng ca R trong oxit cao nht ca n. p n: Bi 21. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X thuc nhm VIA, c tng s ht l 24. a) Vit cu hnh electron, xc nh v tr ca X trong h thng tun hon v gi tn. b) Y c t hn X l 2 proton. Xc nh Y. c) X v Y kt hp vi nhau to thnh hp cht Z, trong X chim 4 phn v Y chim 3 phn v khi lng. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca Z. p n: a) O ; b) C ; c) CO Bi 22. A v B l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt phn nhm chnh v hai chu k nh lin tip trong h thng tun hon. Tng s proton ca chng l 32. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron ca A, B. p n: 12 ; 20 Bi 23. A v B l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt phn nhm chnh v hai chu k lin tip trong h thng tun hon. Tng s in tch ht nhn ca chng l 24. Tm s hiu nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron ca A, B. p n: 8 ; 16 Bi 24. A v B l hai nguyn t ng k tip nhau mt chu k trong h thng tun hon. Tng s proton ca chng l 25. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron ca A, B. p n: 12 ; 13 Bi 25. A v B l hai nguyn t hai nhm A lin tip nhau trong h thng tun hon. Tng s hiu nguyn t ca chng l 31. Xc nh v tr v vit cu hnh electron ca A, B. p n: 15 ; 16 Bi 26. C v D l hai nguyn t ng k tip nhau mt chu k trong h thng tun hon. Tng s khi ca chng l 51. S ntron ca D ln hn C l 2 ht. Trong nguyn t C, s electron bng vi s ntron. Xc nh v tr v vit cu hnh electron ca C, D.

p n: ZA = 12 ; ZB = 13 Bi 27. Cho 10 (g) mt kim loi A ha tr II tc dng ht vi nc th thu c 5,6 (l) kh H 2(kct). Tm tn kim loi . p n: Ca Bi 28. Ha tan hon ton 5,85 (g) mt kim loi B ha tr I vo nc th thu c 1,68 (l) kh (kct). Xc nh tn kim loi . p n: K Bi 29. Cho 3,33 (g) mt kim loi kim M tc dng hon ton vi 100 ml nc (d = 1 g/ml) th thu c 0,48 (g) kh H2 (kc). a) Tm tn kim loi . b) Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c. p n: a) Li ; b) 11,2% Bi 30. Cho 0,72 (g) mt kim loi M ha tr II tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 672 (ml) kh H 2 (kc). Xc nh tn kim loi . p n: Mg Bi 31. Ha tan hon ton 6,85 g mt kim loi kim th R bng 200 (ml) dung dch HCl 2M. trung ha lng axit d cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 3M. Xc nh tn kim loi trn. p n: Ba Bi 32. ha tan hon ton 1,16 (g) mt hiroxit kim loi R ho tr II cn dng 1,46 (g) HCl. a) Xc nh tn kim loi R, cng thc hiroxit. b) Vit cu hnh e ca R bit R c s proton bng s ntron. p n: Mg Bi 33. Khi cho 8 (g) oxit kim loi M nhm IIA tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl 20% thu c 19 (g) mui clorua. a) Xc nh tn kim loi M. b) Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl dng. p n: a) Mg ; b) 73 (g) Bi 34. Ha tan hon ton 3,68 (g) mt kim loi kim A vo 200 (g) nc th thu c dung dch X v mt lng kh H2. Nu cho lng kh ny qua CuO d nhit cao th sinh ra 5,12 (g) Cu. a) Xc nh tn kim loi A. b) Tnh nng phn trm ca dung dch X. p n: a) Na ; b) 3,14% Bi 35. Ha tan 20,2 (g) hn hp 2 kim loi nm hai chu k lin tip thuc phn nhm chnh nhm I vo nc thu c 6,72 (l) kh (kc) v dung dch A. a) Tm tn hai kim loi. b) Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 (M) cn dng trung ha dung dch A. p n: a) Na ; K ; b) 150 (ml) Bi 36. Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c cng thc RO 3. Hp cht kh ca n vi hiro c 5,88 % hiro v khi lng. Tm R. p n: S Bi 37. Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c cng thc R 2O5. Trong hp cht kh vi hiro, R chim 82,35 % v khi lng. Tm R. p n: N Bi 38. Hp cht kh vi hiro ca nguyn t R l RH4. Trong oxit cao nht ca R c 53,3 % oxi v khi lng. Tm R. p n: Si Bi 39. Hp cht kh vi hiro ca nguyn t R l RH 2. Trong oxit cao nht, t l khi lng gia R v oxi l 2 : 3. Tm R. p n: S Bi 40. Nguyn t R thuc nhm VA. T l v khi lng gia hp cht kh vi hiro v oxit cao nht ca R l 17 : 71. Xc nh tn R. p n: P

Bi 41. X l nguyn t thuc nhm VIIA. Oxit cao nht ca n c phn t khi l 183. a) Xc nh tn X. b) Y l kim loi ha tr III. Cho 10,08 (lit) kh X (kc) tc dng Y thu c 40,05 (g) mui. Tm tn Y. p n: a) Cl ; b) Al

Bi tp chng 2: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc. nh lut tun hon (SGK Ha 10CB)

Bi 7: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc

Bi tp 1 trang 35 Cc nguyn t xp chu k 6 c s lp electron trong nguyn t l: A. 3 Bi B. 5 tp C. 6 D. 7 2 trang 35

Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t, s chu k nh v s chu k ln l: A. 3 v 3 Bi B. 3 v 4 tp C. 4 v 4 3 D. 4 v 5 trang 35

S nguyn t trong chu k 3 v 5 l: A. 8 v 18 B. 18 v 8 C. 8 v 8 D. 18 v 18

Chn p s ng? Bi tp 4 trang 35

Trong bng tun hon, cc nguyn t c sp xp theo nguyn tc no? A. Theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn B. Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t c xp thnh 1 hng C. Cc nguyn t c cng s electron ho tr trong nguyn t c xp thnh 1 ct

D. C A, B, C Bi tp 5 trang 35

Tm cu sai trong cc cu sau y: A. Bng tun hon gm c cc nguyn t, cc chu k v cc nhm B. Chu k l dy cc nguyn t m nguyn t ca chng c cng s lp electron, c sp xp theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng dn C. Bng tun hon c 7 chu k. S th t ca chu k bng s phn lp electron trong nguyn t D. Bng tun hon c 8 nhm A v 8 nhm B Bi tp 6 trang 35

Hy cho bit nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. Bi tp 7 trang 35

a) Nhm nguyn t l g? b) Bng tun hon cc nguyn t c bao nhiu ct? c) Bng tun hon c bao nhiu nhm A? Cc nhm A gm bao nhiu ct? d) Bng tun hon c bao nhiu nhm B? Cc nhm B gm bao nhiu ct? e) Nhng nhm no cha nguyn t s? Nhng nhm no cha nguyn t p? Nhng nhm no cha nguyn t d? Bi tp 8 trang 35

Hy cho bit quan h gia s th t ca nhm A v s electron ho tr ca nguyn t cc nguyn t trong nhm. Bi tp 9 trang 35

Hy cho bit s electron thuc lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne.

Bi 8: S bin i tun hon cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t ho hc

Bi tp 1 trang 41 Cc nguyn t thuc cng mt nhm A c tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau, v v nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm A c A. s electron nh nhau

B. s lp electron nh nhau C. s electron thuc lp ngoi cng nh nhau D. cng s electron s hay p Bi tp 2 trang 41

S bin thin tnh cht ca cc nguyn t thuc chu k sau c lp li tng t nh chu k trc l do: A. S lp li tnh cht kim loi ca cc nguyn t chu k sau so vi chu k trc B. S lp li tnh cht phi kim ca cc nguyn t chu k sau so vi chu k trc C. S lp li cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t cc nguyn t chu k sau so vi chu k trc ( ba chu k u) D. S lp li tnh cht ho hc ca cc nguyn t chu k sau so vi chu k trc Bi tp 3 trang 41

Nhng nguyn t ho hc thuc nhm A no l cc nguyn t s, nguyn t p? S electron thuc lp ngoi cng trong nguyn t ca cc nguyn t s v p khc nhau th no? Bi tp 4 trang 41

Nhng nguyn t no ng u cc chu k? Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c c im chung g? Bi tp 5 trang 41

Nhng nguyn t no ng cui cc chu k? Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c c im chung g? Bi tp 6 trang 41

Mt nguyn t chu k 3, nhm VI A trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc. Hi: a) Nguyn t ca nguyn t c bao nhiu electron lp electron ngoi cng? b) Cc electron ngoi cng nm lp electron th my? c) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t trn. Bi tp 7 trang 41

Mt nguyn t c cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nh sau:

1s22s22p4 1s22s22p63s23p1

1s22s22p3 1s22s22p63s23p5

a) Hy xc nh s electron ho tr ca tng nguyn t. b) Hy xc nh v tr ca chng (chu k, nhm) trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.

Bi 9: S bin i tun hon tnh cht ca cc nguyn t ho hc. nh lut tun hon
Bi tp 1 trang 47 Trong mt chu k, bn knh nguyn t cc nguyn t: A. tng theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn. B. gim theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn. C. gim theo chiu tng ca tnh phi kim. D. B v C u ng. Bi tp 2 trang 47

Trong mt nhm A, bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: A. tng theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn. B. gim theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn. C. gim theo chiu gim ca tnh kim loi. D. A v C u ng. Bi tp 3 trang 47

Nhng tnh cht no sau y bin i tun hon? a) Ho tr cao nht vi oxi. b) Nguyn t khi. c) S electron lp ngoi cng. d) S lp electron.

e) S electron trong nguyn t. Bi tp 4 trang 47

Cc nguyn t halogen c sp xp theo chiu bn knh nguyn t gim dn (t tri sang phi) nh sau: A. I, Br, Cl, F. C. I, Br, F, Cl. Bi tp B. F, Cl, Br, I. D. Br, I, Cl, F. 5 trang 47

Cc nguyn t ca chu k 2 c sp xp theo chiu gi tr m in gim dn (t tri sang phi) nh sau: A. F, O, N, C, B, Be, Li. B. Li, B, Be, N, C, F, O. C. Be, Li, C, B, O, N, F. D. N, O, F, Li, Be, B, C. Bi tp 6 trang 48

Oxit cao nht ca 1 nguyn t R ng vi cng thc RO2. Nguyn t R l: A. Magie. Bi B. Nit. tp C. Cacbon. 7 D.Photpho trang 48

Theo quy lut bin i tnh cht n cht ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon th: A. phi kim mnh nht l iot. B. kim loi mnh nht liti. C. phi kim mnh nht l flo. D. kim loi yu nht l xesi. Bi tp 8 trang 48

Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t magie (Z = 12). t c cu hnh electron ca nguyn t kh him gn nht trong bng tun hon, nguyn t magie nhn hay nhng bao nhiu electron? Magie th hin tnh cht kim loi hay phi kim?

Bi

tp

trang

48

Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t lu hunh S (Z = 16). t c cu hnh electron ca nguyn t kh him gn nht trong bng tun hon, nguyn t lu hunh nhn hay nhng bao nhiu electron? Lu hunh th hin tnh cht kim loi hay phi kim? Bi tp 10 trang 48

m in ca mt nguyn t l g? Gi tr m in ca cc nguyn t trong cc nhm A bin i nh th no theo chiu in tch ht nhn tng? Bi tp 11 trang 48

Nguyn t no trong bng tun hon c gi tr m in ln nht? Ti sao? Bi Cho hai dy cht sau: Li2O BeO B 2O3 CO2 CH4 N2O5 NH3 H2O HF tp 12 trang 48

Xc nh ho tr ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht vi oxi v vi hiro.

Bi 10: ngha ca bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.

Bi tp 1 trang 51 S hiu nguyn t Z ca cc nguyn t X, A, M, Q ln lt l 6, 7, 20, 19. Nhn xt no sau y ng? A. X thuc nhm VA. B. A, M thuc nhm IIA. C. M thuc nhm IIB. D. Q thuc nhm IA. Bi tp 2 trang 51

S hiu nguyn t Z ca cc nguyn t X, A, M, Q ln lt l 6, 7, 20, 19. Nhn xt no sau y ng? A. C 4 nguyn t trn thuc 1 chu k. B. M, Q thuc chu k 4. C. A, M thuc chu k 3.

D. Q thuc chu k 3. Bi tp 3 trang 51

Trong bng tun hon, nguyn t X c s th t 16, nguyn t X thuc A. chu k 3, nhm IVA. B. chu k 4, nhm VIA. C. chu k 3, nhm VIA. D. chu k 4, nhm IIIA. Bi tp 4 trang 51

Da vo v tr ca nguyn t Mg (Z = 12) trong bng tun hon a) Hy nu cc tnh cht sau ca nguyn t: Tnh kim loi hay tnh phi kim. Ho tr cao nht trong hp cht vi oxi. Cng thc ca oxit cao nht, ca hiroxit tng ng v tnh cht ca n. b) So snh tnh cht ho hc ca nguyn t Mg (Z = 12) vi Na (Z = 11) v Al (Z = 13). Bi tp 5 trang 51

a) Da vo v tr ca nguyn t Br (Z = 35) trong bng tun hon, hy nu cc tnh cht sau: - Tnh kim loi hay tnh phi kim. - Ho tr cao nht trong hp cht vi oxi v vi hiro. - Cng thc hp cht kh ca brom vi hiro. b) So snh tnh cht ho hc ca Br vi Cl (Z = 17) v I (Z = 53). Bi tp 6 trang 51

Da vo quy lut bin i tnh kim loi, tnh phi kim ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon, hy tr li cc cu hi sau: a) Nguyn t no l kim loi mnh nht? Nguyn t no l phi kim mnh nht? b) Cc nguyn t kim loi c phn b khu vc no trong bng tun hon? c) Cc nguyn t phi kim c phn b khu vc no trong bng tun hon? d) Nhm no gm nhng nguyn t kim loi in hnh? Nhm no gm hu ht nhng nguyn t phi kim in hnh? e) Cc nguyn t kh him nm khu vc no trong bng tun hon? Bi tp 7 trang 51

Nguyn t atatin At (Z = 85) thuc chu k 6, nhm VIIA. Hy d on tnh cht ho hc c bn ca n v so snh vi cc nguyn t khc trong nhm.

Bi 11: Luyn tp bng tun hon, s bin i tun hon cu hnh electron ca nguyn t v tnh chtca cc nguyn t ho hc
Bi tp 1 trang 53 a) Cn c vo u m ngi ta xp cc nguyn t thnh chu k, nhm? b) Th no l chu k? Bng tun hon c bao nhiu chu k nh, bao nhiu chu k ln? Mi chu k c bao nhiu nguyn t? Bi Tm A. B. C. Trong Trong Nguyn cu chu chu t k, k, ca cc cc cc tp sai nguyn nguyn nguyn t t t 2 trong c c trong xp xp cng nhng theo theo mt chiu chiu chu cu in s k tch hiu c s ht nguyn trang di nhn t tng tng bng 53 y: dn. dn. nhau.

electron

D. Chu k thng bt u l mt kim loi kim, kt thc l mt kh him (tr chu k 1 v chu k 7 cha hon thnh). Bi tp 3 trang 53

T tri sang phi trong mt chu k, ti sao bn knh nguyn t cc nguyn t gim th tnh kim loi gim, tnh phi kim tng? Bi tp 4 trang 53

Trong bng tun hon, cc nhm A no gm hu ht cc nguyn t kim loi, nhm A no gm hu ht cc nguyn t phi kim, nhm A no gm cc nguyn t kh him? c im s electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t trong cc nhm trn

Bi

tp

trang

54

Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca nguyn t ca mt nguyn t thuc nhm VIIA l 28. a) Tnh nguyn t khi.

b) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t Bi Mt a) b) nguyn Nguyn Lp t t ca tp thuc nguyn chu t 6 k c 3, bao cng nhm nhiu l VIA electron lp trong lp trang bng electron tun ngoi th 54 hon. cng? my?

electron

ngoi

electron

c) Vit s electron tng lp electron. Bi tp 7 trang 54

Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t l RO 3, trong hp cht ca n vi hiro c 5,88% H v khi lng. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca nguyn t . Bi tp 8 trang 54

Hp cht kh vi hiro ca mt nguyn t l RH 4. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 53,3% oxi v khi lng. Tm nguyn t khi ca nguyn t . Bi tp 9 trang 54

Khi cho 0,6g mt kim loi nhm IIA tc dng vi nc to ra 0,336lt kh hiro ( iu kin tiu chun). Xc nh kim loi .