I HC Y DC TP.

H CH MINH
KHOA KHOA HC C BN

B MN SINH HC

GII BI TP
MT S PHNG PHP NGHIN CU DI TRUYN

GV: Trn Anh Minh

BI 1 (a)

Bnh A do mt gen n 2 allele quy nh (A, a A tri hon ton so vi a).

Hy xc nh kiu gen ca cc thnh vin trong gia nh ny.

aa

aa

A_

aa

Aa

A_

A_

Aa

A_

A_

A_

A_ A_

A_

AA

Aa

A_

A_

Aa

A_

Aa

A_

aa

Aa

Aa

A_

aa

A_

A_

Gi s gen tri c thm hon ton A: bt, a: bnh.

Gen c th nm trn NST thng hoc X. Ta gi s gen nm trn NST thng.
II-2 c th l AA hoc Bb, nhng th h III (6 ngi con) bnh thng nn
kgen II-2 l AA hp l hn.

BI 1 (b)

Bnh B do mt gen n 2 allele quy nh (B, b B tri hon ton so vi b).

Hy xc nh kiu gen ca cc thnh vin trong gia nh ny.

B_

B_

bb

BB

Bb

bb

bb

Bb

Bb

bb

bb

Bb

bb

bb

Bb

Bb

bb

Bb

Bb

bb

bb

Bb

Bb

Trng hp ny gen c thm hon ton. B: bnh, b: bt

Ta gi s gen bnh l gen tri trn NST thng.

Bb

bb

Bb

bb

bb

bb

BI 2

a) Phng php gii trnh t no c s dng?

b) Cho bit trnh t base nitric ca kt qu in di trn.

a) Phng php ha hc ca Maxam-Gilbert.

b) 5- G A G C T T A -3

BI 3
Lp s band kt qu in di trnh t DNA sau:

5 - A T T A G C C G T - 3
a) Theo phng php Maxam-Gilbert.
b) Theo phng php Sanger.

Lp s band kt qu in di trnh t DNA sau:

5 - A T T A G C C G T - 3
a) Theo phng php Maxam-Gilbert:
G

G+A

T+C

Lp s band kt qu in di trnh t DNA sau:

5 - A T T A G C C G T - 3
a) Theo phng php Sanger:
A

BI 4 (a)
Da trn kt qu
in di, lp s
v tr ct gii hn
ca on DNA
nghin cu.

Nhn xt:
BamHI v HindIII ct mch DNA thnh 3 on Mi enzyme c 2 v tr ct.
on DNA c kch thc = 3000+2500+2000 = 4500+2000+1000 =
3000+2000+1000x2+500 = 7500 bp
Band 3000 (BamHI) khng b chia nh.
Band 2000 (BamHI) = 1000x2
Band 2500 (BamHI) = 2000+500
Band 2000 (HindIII) khng b chia nh.
Band 1000 (HindIII) khng b chia nh.
Band 4500 (HindIII)=3000+1000+500
Da vo HindIII, suy ra c 3 cch sp xp cc band. Ta th 2 cch di trc tm cch
xp ng. Nu c 2 cch u sai th cch th 3 ng.
HindIII
HindIII
Cch 1 |---1000---X-----------------------4500-------------------------------X-------2000-------|
HindIII
HindIII
7500 bp
Cch 2 |---1000---X-------2000-------X-----------------------4500-------------------------------|
Kt qu l cch 1 ng. Ta c bn ct gii hn sau:
HindIII
HindIII
|---1000---X---1000---X----------------3000---------------X-500-X-------2000-------| 7500 bp
BamHI
BamHI

BI 4 (b)
Da trn kt qu
in di, lp s
v tr ct gii hn
ca on DNA
nghin cu.

Nhn xt:
EcoRI v HindIII ct mch DNA thnh 3 on Mi enzyme c 2 v tr ct.
on DNA c kch thc = 5000+2500+500 = 4500+2500+1000 =
3000+2000+1500+1000+500 = 8000 bp
Band 500 (EcoRI) khng b chia nh
Band 2500 (EcoRI) = 1000+1500
Band 5000 (EcoRI) = 3000+2000
Band 1000 (HindIII) khng b chia nh.
Band 2500 (HindIII) = 2000+500
Band 4500 (HindIII) = 3000+1500
Da vo EcoRI, suy ra c 3 cch sp xp cc band. Ta th 2 cch di trc tm cch
xp ng. Nu c 2 cch u sai th cch th 3 ng.
EcoRI EcoRI
Cch 1 |---------------------------5000-------------------------------X-500-X-----------2500-----------|
8000 bp
EcoRI
EcoRI
Cch 2 |-500-X----------2500-----------X----------------------------5000-------------------------------|
Kt qu l cch 1 v 2 u sai cch 3 ng. Ta c bn ct gii hn sau:
EcoRI
EcoRI
|-500-X-------2000-------X----------------3000---------------X------1500------X---1000---|
HindIII
HindIII
8000 bp

BI 5
Gene mc tiu a c 2 alelle a1 v a2. Allele a1 c 2
v tr ct gii hn ca enzyme XhoI thnh cc on
200 bp, 300 bp v 250 bp; allele a2 (to thnh do
mt t bin im ca a1) ch c 1 v tr ct ca
XhoI thnh 2 on 200 bp v 550 bp.

Lp s band in di ca cc kiu gen a1a1,

a1a2 v a2a2.

200 bp

XhoI

Thang
chun

a1a1

a2a2

a1a2

550

550

1000

250 bp

XhoI

550 bp

900

300 bp

200 bp

XhoI

bp

800
700

a1

a2

600
500

S band in
di ca cc kiu
gen sau khi ct
bng XhoI

400

300
200
100

300

300

250

250

200

200

200

BI 6
Thnh ph X c 30.000 dn. Kt qu kho st bnh bch tng TP X (nm
2000) cho thy: trong nhm 4.400 ngi la chn ngu nhin c 11 ngi b
bch tng. Bit bnh bch tng do gen ln trn NST thng quy nh, kiu
gen ng hp tri v d hp cho kiu hnh bnh thng, hy gii quyt cc
trng hp sau:

a) Mr. Kent, 30 tui, mun c t vn di truyn v kh nng sinh

con b bnh bch tng. Trong gia nh anh ta c mt ngi ch rut b bch
tng, hai ngi ch bnh thng v mt em gi bch tng, mt em trai bnh
thng. Gi s khng xy ra bin c gy mt trng thi cn bng qun th,
hy t vn cho Mr. Kent v kh nng sinh con b bnh bch tng.
b) Nm 2001, thnh ph X st nhp vi thnh ph Y ln cn v i
tn thnh thnh ph XY. Bit thnh ph Y c c 20.000 dn, tn s allele gen
quy nh bnh bch tng nh sau: p = 0.98, q=0.02. Hy cho bit s ngi
lnh mang gen bnh thnh ph XY nm 2001 l bao nhiu?

BI 6 (a)
Thnh ph X c 30.000 dn.
Trong nhm 4.400 ngi la chn ngu
nhin c 11 ngi b bch tng.
Bnh do gen ln trn NST thng quy nh.
Kiu gen ng hp tri v d hp cho kiu
hnh bnh thng.

Mr.Kent, 30 tui.
Mt ngi ch rut b bch tng.
Hai ngi ch bnh thng.
Mt em gi bch tng, mt em trai
bnh thng.
Xc sut Mr. Kent ly v v
sinh con b bnh bch tng?

BI 6 (a)
- Gia nh Kent c ch rut, em gi rut b bch tng B m u
mang kgen d hp v bnh bch tng, gi s l Aa.
- Vy kh nng Kent mang allele a (Kgen Aa) l 2/3.
- sinh con b bnh (aa) th Kent phi ly ngi mang gen bnh. Kent
khng mun con b bnh nn chc chn anh ta s chn ly ngi ph
n khng b bch tng Kh nng Kent chn phi ngi mang gen
bnh (Aa) l:
- p=P(A), q=P(a), p2 = P(AA), q2 = P(aa)
- P(Aa)=2pq
- q= 2 =

11
4400

= 0.05 p = 1 q = 0,95

2pq = 0,0475
Kh nng Kent c gen bnh v ly v c gen bnh l:
2/3 x 0,0475 = 0,0317
Kh nng h sinh con biu hin bnh (aa) = = 0,25
Xc sut Kent c con b bch tng l 0,0317x0,25=0,0079

BI 6 (b)
Thnh ph X c 30.000 dn.
trong nhm 4.400 ngi la chn ngu
nhin c 11 ngi b bch tng.
Bit bnh bch tng do gen ln trn NST
thng quy nh
Kiu gen ng hp tri v d hp cho
kiu hnh bnh thng.

Nm 2001, TP X + TP Y TP XY.
TP Y c c 20.000 dn.
P(A) = p = 0.98, P(a) = q = 0.02.
Hi s ngi lnh mang gen bnh
thnh ph XY nm 2001 l bao nhiu?

BI 6 (b)
Tn s gen A v a TP Y: p=0.98, q=0.02
S ngi lnh mang gen bnh TP Y (Aa) l :
2pq x 20.000 = 0.0196 x 20.000 = 392 ngi.
S ngi lnh mang gen bnh TP X (Aa) l:
0,0475 x 30.000 = 1425 ngi.
S ngi lnh mang gen bnh TP XY l:
392+1425 = 1817 ngi.