1. Cc lnh x l bit * * Examine on: Tip im thng m , khi c tc ng s ng. Examine off : Tip im thng ng, khi c tc ng s m.

* Output Energize: u ra cp ngun,bt 1 bit khi iu kin u vo l ng. -V d: Mch Start-Stop, khi ta n Start ri nh ra rle khoi_dong c in ,ng cc tip im khoi_dong.Tip dim khoi_dong th nht l tip im t duy tr,cp in cho rle khoi_dong khi ta nh Start ra .Tip im khoi_dong th hai cp ngun cho rle Dong_co ng in cho ng c.Khi mun dng ng c ta nhn nt Stop ngt in ca rle khoi_dong , lm cc tip im khoi_dong m ngt in ca ng c.Ch y l mch rt hay dng trong lp trnh bng PLC.

* Output Latch(L), Output Unlatch(U) : l cc lnh u ra duy tr,(L) dng bt 1 bit cn (U) dng tt 1 bit, cc lnh ny thng dng theo 1 cp vi cng 1 a ch. -V d: Khi Start on u ra dieu_khien (U) c in s ng tip im dieu_khien, Den_a sng.Khi ta n Stop u ra dieu_khien(L) c in n s m tip im dieu_khien, Den_a tt.

2. Timer/Counter(TON,TOF,RTO,CTU,CTD,RES). - Cc lnh Timer/Counter khng tc ng ln cc c trng thi ton hc. 2.1 Timer On Delay

-Dng bt hoc tt 1 u ra sau khi b nh thi c khi ng v m trong mt khong thi gian nh trc .DN chuyn t off ln on.Sau khi u vo off th lnh TON s c reset li.( gi tr trong Accum v 0). Tn Timer .EN .TT .DN .PRE .ACC Kiu d liu Timer Bool Bool Bool Dint Dint M t Tn b nh thi On khi u vo on On trong khi b nh thi ang m. On khi iu kin thi gian l ng .ACC >=.PRE Khong thi gian t trc (ms). Gi tr m.

-V d: Khi Start on, b nh thi T1 c in v bt u m thi gian t 0-10s( xem trong Accum).Trong khong thi gian 10 s ny tip im T1.TT on, Den_a sng,T1.DN off Den_b tt.Sau khi ht 10s tip im T1.TT off Den_a tt ,T1.DN on Den_b sng.Khi Start off th b nh thi T1 s c reset li ( gi tr trong Accum tr v 0).

2.2.

Timer Off Delay

-Dng bt hoc tt 1 u ra sau khi u vo ca b nh thi tt mt khong thi gian nh trc .DN s chuyn t on sang off.Khi u vo on lnh TOF s c reset li.(gi tr trong Accum tr v 0). Tn Timer .EN .TT .DN .PRE .ACC Kiu d liu Timer Bool Bool Bool Dint Dint M t Tn b nh thi On khi u vo on On trong khi b nh thi ang m. On khi u vo on. Off khi iu kin thi gian l ng .ACC >=.PRE Khong thi gian t trc (ms). Gi tr m.

-V d: Khi Start on b nh thi T2 c in Den_a tt ,Den_b sng. Khi ta Stop on ngt in ca T2 , khi T2 s m n t 0-10s(xem trong Accum), trong 10s ny tip im T1.TT on Den_a sng. Sau khi m xong 10s tip im T2.TT v T2.DN off c Den_a v Den_b u mt in. Lc ny gi tr trong Accum vn gi 10s khi u vo T2 on tr li th n c reset ( gi tr trong Accum v 0).

2.3.

Retentive Timer On

- Hm thi gian c nh dng bt hoc tt mt u ra khi iu kin u vo l ng. Khi mt ngun hm RTO tip tc duy tr ti gi tr ti lc dng ( gi tr trong .ACC vn c gi nguyn).Mun reset lnh RTO ta phi dng lnh RES xa gi tr trong .ACC Tn Timer .EN .TT .DN .PRE .ACC Kiu d liu Timer Bool Bool Bool Dint Dint M t Tn b nh thi On khi u vo on On trong khi b nh thi ang m. On khi iu kin thi gian l ng .ACC >=.PRE Khong thi gian t trc (ms). Gi tr m.

-V d: khi Start on b nh thi T3 c in v s m thi gian t 0-30s, trong khong thi gian ny khi T3 ang m thi gian th Den_a sng,Den_b tt.Khi ang m n 10s th Start off, khi gi tr trong Accum vn gi nguyn 10s (10000) , c Den_a v Den_b u tt.Khi Start on tr li T3 li tip tc m thi gian t gi tr 10s, Den_a sng. Sau khi m song 30s th Den_a tt,Den_b sng.Khi ny d Start c off th do T3 khng c reset li nn Den_b vn sng.

Khi tip im reset on, lnh RES s reset li b nh thi T3 ( xa gi tr trong Accum v 0) ,Den_b off. 2.4. Count Up

- Dng m t gi tr sai sang ng ca iu kin u vo, khi u vo chuyn t off ln on b m s tng thm 1 n gi tr t th tc ng vo u ra.Mun reset li b m ta dng lnh RES xa gi tr trong .ACC. Tn Counter .CU .DN .PRE .ACC Kiu d lu Count Bool Bool Dint Dint M t Tn b m On khi u vo on On khi iu kin .ACC >= .PRE l ng. Gi tr t trc. Gi tr m.

-V d: Mi khi tip im Start chuyn t off sang on th gi tr trong Acccum tng thm 1 n v , khi Accum>=10 th tip im C1.DN s tc ng Den_a sng.Khi tip im reset on lnh RES s reset li b m C1( xa gi tr trong Accum tr v 0) v Den_a tt.

2.5.

Counter Down

-Dng m t gi tr ng sang sai ca iu kin u vo , khi u vo chuyn t off sang on b m s tr i 1 n gi tr t th tc ng vo u ra.Mun reset li b m ta dng lnh RES xa gi tr trong .ACC. Tn Counter .CU .DN .PRE .ACC Kiu d lu Count Bool Bool Dint Dint M t Tn b m On khi u vo on On khi iu kin .ACC >= .PRE l ng. Gi tr t trc. Gi tr m.

-V d:iu khin bi xe t ng.Mi ln xe_vao chuyn t off sang on th b m C1 li tng thm 1 n v. mi ln xe_ra chuyn t off sang on b m C1 li tr i 1 n v. Khi gi tr Accum >=100 th tip im C1.DN tc ng n bo het_cho sng.Khi tip im restart on lnh RES s reset li b m C1( Gi tr trong Accum v 0).

2.6.

Reset

- Dng xa b nh thi hoc b m, khi lnh RES c thc hin n s xa cc b m (Counter) , b nh thi (Timer) hoc b iu khin (Control) c cng a ch. S dng lnh RES cho: Gi tr b xa Timer Gi tr trong.ACC Counter Gi tr trong .ACC Control Gi tr trong .POS 3.Compare (CMP,EQU,NEQ,GEQ,GRT,LEQ,LES,LIM,MEQ) 3.1. Compare

-Nu u vo off th u ra CMP s l off, nu u vo on th tin hnh so snh biu thc trong Expression , nu biu thc ng th u ra s on, ngc li u ra s off. Ton hng Kiu d liu Hnh thc Expression Sint Trc tip Int,Dint,Real,String Tag M t Mt biu thc bao gm nhng Tag hoc nhng gi tr tc thi c cung cp bi ngi iu khin. Tag Sint hoc Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi sign-extension -Lnh CMP khi thc hin s chm hn v chim nhiu b nh hn cc lnh so snh khc nhng u im ca n l ta c th in vo trong Expression nhng biu thc phc tp.

-Lnh CMP ch tc ng ln cc c trng thi ton hc khi trong Expression c cha cc ton t ( +,-,*,/ ). - Nu bn in vo trong Expression khng phi l mt biu thc so snh m l cc biu thc nh: value_1+value_2, value_1hoc l cc gi tr tc thi th lnh CMP s x l nh sau: Nu Expression u ra ca CMP s Khc khng On Bng khng Off -V d: Nu cc biu thc so snh trong Expression ca lnh CMP ng th cc n sau n s sng. Den_4 lun sng do Expreesion bng 5 v khc 0.

- Cc ton t hp l:

Ton t + * / = < <= > >= <> ** ABS ACS AND ASN ATN

M t Cng Tr/du m Nhn Chia Bng Nh hn Nh hn hoc bng Ln hn Ln hn hoc bng Khng bng M Tr tuyt i Arc Cosine AND bit Arc Sine Arc Tang

Kiu d liu Dint,Real Dint,Real Dint,Real Dint,Real Dint,Real Dint,Real Dint,Real Dint,Real Dint,Real Dint,Real Dint,Real Dint,Real Real Dint Real Real

Ton t COS DEG NOT LN LOG MOD FRD OR RAD SIN SQR TAN TOD TRN XOR

M t Cosine Radian sang o bit Loga t nhin Loga c s 10 Ly phn d BCD sang s nguyn OR bit sang radian Sine Cn bc hai Tang S nguyn sang BCD Rt gn XOR bit

Kiu d liu Real Dint,Real Dint Real Real Dint,Real Dint Dint Dint,Real Real Dint,Real Real Dint Dint,Real Dint

- Th t thc hin cc php ton : Th t Php ton 1 () 2 ABS,ACS,ASN,ATN,COS,DEG,FRD,LN,LOG,RAD,SIN,SQR, TAN,TOD,TRN. 3 ** 4 -(du m), NOT 5 *,/ , MOD 6 <, <=,>,>=,= 7 -(tr),+ 8 AND 9 XOR 10 OR

-S dng ngn ng Ladder hoc Structure text so snh cc d liu kiu string(chui k t) , s dng cc string trong biu thc theo cc ch dn: + Mt biu thc cho php bn so snh 2 Tag string +Bn khng th nhp cc k t ASCII trc tip vo trong cc biu thc. +Ch cc ton t sau y c php s dng: Ton t = < <= > >= <> M t Bng Nh hn Nh hn hoc bng Ln hn Ln hn hoc bng Khng bng

+ Cc String bng nhau khi m cc k t ca chng tng ng vi nhau. +Cc k t ASCII l trng hp nhy cm,Ch hoa A ($41) khng bng vi ch thng a ($61). + Gi tr Hexadecimal ca cc k t quyt nh mt string ny nh hn hoc ln hn mt string khc. +Khi 2 string c sp xp theo th t nh trong danh b in thoi th th t ca string s quyt nh string no ln hn.V d :1b>1ab,a>B K t ASCII 1ab 1b A AB B a ab M Hexadecimal $31$61$62 $31$62 $41 $41$42 $42 $61 $61$62

L n h n

3.2.

Equal to,

Not Equal to ,

Greater Than,

Greater Than or

Equal to,

Less Than,

Less Than or Equal to.

- Nhm lnh ny c cu trc ging nhau gm Source A v Source B, khi u vo on th lnh s tin hnh so snh Source A vi Source B nu tha mn iu kin th u ra s on, ngc li u ra vn off. - Khi nhm lnh ny c s dng n khng nh hng ti cc c trng thi ton hc . Ton hng Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Source A Sint Trc tip Gi tr so snh Int,Dint,Real,String Tag vi Source B SourceB Sint Trc tip Gi tr so snh Int,Dint,Real,String tag vi Source A Khi bn nhp vo mt Tag Sint hay Int n s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi sign-extension - Ch khi so snh cc String ta khng c nhp trc tip vo cc Source A v Source B m phi nhp chng vo cc Tag sau mi em so snh cc tag ny vi nhau. *EQN (Equal to)

- Lnh so snh bng, khi u vo on, EQU s tin hnh so snh Source A vi Source B nu chng bng nhau th u ra s on ,ngc li u ra off. -V d: Khi u vo on lnh EQN s so snh value_1 vi value_2 nu value_1=value_2 th Den_1 sng.

*NEQ (Not Equal to)

- Lnh so snh khng bng,khi u vo on ,NEQ s tin hnh so snh Source A vi Source B nu chng khng bng nhau th u ra s on,ngc li u ra off. - V d: khi u vo on , nu value_3 khc value_4 th Den_2 sng, ngc li nu value_3 = value_4 th Den_2 khng sng.

*GRT( Greater Than)

-Lnh so snh ln hn,khi u vo on, GRT s tin hnh so snh Source A vi Source B nu Source A ln hn Source B th u ra s on,ngc li u ra off. -V d: Khi u vo on ,lnh GRT s so snh value_2 vi value_4 nu value_2>value_4 th Den_3 sng,ngc li Den_3 khng sng.

*GEQ(Greater Than or Equal)

- Lnh so snh ln hn hoc bng,khi u vo on ,GEQ s tin hnh so snh Source A vi Source B, nu SourceA ln hn hoc bng Source B l ng th u ra on, ngc li u ra off. -V d:Khi u vo on, nu value_3>=value_4 l ng th Den_4 s sng , ngc li nu value_3<value_4 th Den_4 s khng sng.

*LES(Less Than)

- Lnh so snh nh hn,khi u vo on ,LES s tin hnh so snh Source A vi Source B , nu Source A nh hn Source B th u ra s on, ngc li u ra off. - V d:Nu value_1<value_3 l ng th Den_5 s sng, ngc li nu value_1>=value_3 th Den_5 s khng sng.

*LEQ(Less Than or Equal)

- Lnh so snh nh hn hoc bng,khi u vo on , LEQ s tin hnh so snh Source A vi Source B, nu Source Anh hn hoc bng Source B l ng th u ra s on, ngc li u ra off. -V d:Nu value_1<=value_2 l ng th Den_6 s sng, ngc li nu value_1>value_2 th Den_6 s khng sng.

3.3.

Limit

-Khi u vo ON ,LIM s tin hnh so snh gi tr Test vi vi Low Limit v High Limit. Khi (Low Limit<= High Limit )nu (Low Limit =< Test=<High Limit) l ng th u ra LIM s on, ngc li u ra off. Khi (Low Limit > High Limit) nu (Test >=Low Limit) hoc (Test<= High Limit) l ng th u ra s on, ngc li u ra off. Ton hng Low Limit Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Sint Trc tip Gi tr gii hn di Int,Dint,Real Tag Test Sint Trc tip Gi tr kim tra Int,Dint,Real Tag High Limit Sint Trc tip Gi tr gii hn trn Int,Dint,Real Tag Tag Sint,Int s chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi sign-extension.

-V d1:Do Low limit=0 <High Limit =100 nn nu value_1 nm trong on [0,100] th Den_1 s sng, ngc li nu value_1 <0 hoc value_1>100 th Den_1 s khng sng.

-V d 2: Do Low Limit =0 >High Limit=-100 nn nu value_2>=0 hoc value_2<= -100 th Den_2 s sng , ngc li nu -100<value_2<0 th Den_2 s khng sng .

3.4.

Mask Equal to

- Khi u vo on lnh MEQ s tin hnh php AND bit gia Mask vi Source v gia Mask vi Compare , sau ly hai kt qu ny so snh vi nhau, nu hai kt qu ny bng nhau th u ra MEQ s on. Ton hng Source Mask Compare Kiu d liu Sint Int,Dint Sint Int,Dint Sint Int,Dint Hnh thc Trc tip Tag Trc tip Tag Trc tip Tag M t Gi tr kim tra vi Compare Ch ra khi no bit c i qua hoc b kha Gi tr kim tra vi Source

Tag Sint,Int s chuyn ti gi tr Dint bi zero-fill. -Khi bn nhp gi tr trc tip vo Mask ,chng trnh s mc nh l gi tr thp phn. Nu bn mun s dng cc c s khc th thm vo trc gi tr cc tin t: Tin t 16# 8# 2# M t H hexadecimal V d: 16#0F0F H Octal V d: 8#16 H Binary V d: 2#110101

- V d: lnh MEQ thc hin php AND bit gia mask_1 vi value_1 v gia mask_1 vi value_2. Do masked value_1= masked value_2 nn Den_1 sng. 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 x x x x 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 x x x x value_1:22315 Mask:65520 Masked value_1 value_2: 22319 Mask:65520 Masked value_2

4.Mt s lnh ton hc ( CPT,ADD,SUB,MUL,DIV,MOD,SQR,NEG,ABS). -Cc lnh ton hc khi thc hin s tc ng ln trng thi ca cc c trng thi ton hc.

4.1.

Compute

-Khi u vo on , lnh CPT s tin hnh tnh ton cc biu thc trong Expression kt qu c lu trong Dest.Lnh CPT hot ng chm v s dng nhiu b nh hn so vi cc lnh tnh ton khc ,nhng n c u im l bn c th nhp vo nhng biu thc phc tp trong mt lnh ( khng gii hn chiu di ca mt biu thc). Ton hng Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Destination Sint,Int Tag Tag cha kt qu Dint,Real Expression Sint, Trc tip Biu thc cha cc tag v cc gi Int,Dint,Real Tag tr ngi iu khintrc tip nhp vo Tag Sint,Int chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi sign-extension - V d: Khi u vo on ,lnh CPT s thc hin phep ton ly value_1 cng vi value_2 sau chia cho value_3, kt qu c lu trong tag result

- Cc ton t hp l: Ton t + * / M t Cng Tr/du m Nhn Chia Kiu d liu Dint,Real Dint,Real Dint,Real Dint,Real Ton t LN LOG MOD FRD M t Loga t nhin Loga c s 10 Ly phn d BCD sang s nguyn Kiu d liu Real Real Dint,Real Dint

** ABS ACS AND ASN ATN COS DEG NOT

M Tr tuyt i Arc Cosine AND bit Arc Sine Arc Tang

Dint,Real Dint,Real Real Dint Real Real

OR RAD SIN SQR TAN TOD TRN XOR

Cosine Real Radian sang Dint,Real o bit Dint

OR bit sang radian Sine Cn bc hai Tang S nguyn sang BCD Rt gn XOR bit

Dint Dint,Real Real Dint,Real Real Dint Dint,Real Dint

- Th t thc hin cc php ton: Th t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Php ton () ABS,ACS,ASN,ATN,COS,DEG,FRD,LN,LOG,RAD,SIN,SQR, TAN,TOD,TRN. ** -(du m), NOT *,/ , MOD -(tr),+ AND XOR OR

4.2.

Add

- Lnh cng,khi u vo on lnh ADD s tin hnh cng Source A vi Source B , kt qu c lu trong Dest. Ton hng Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Source A Sint Trc tip Gi tr cng vo Int,Dint,Real Tag Source B Source B Sint Trc tip Gi tr cng vo Int,Dint,Real Tag Source A Tag Sint,Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi sign-extension Destination Sint Tag Tag cha kt qu Int,Dint,Real -V d: Khi u vo on lnh ADD s ly value_3 cng vi value_4 kt qu ca php cng ny uc lu trong tag result.

4.3.

Subtract

- Lnh tr,khi u vo on lnh SUB s ly Source A tr i Source B , kt qu c la trong Dest.

Ton hng Source A

Kiu d liu Sint

Hnh thc Trc tip

M t Gi tr ca s b tr

Int,Dint,Real Tag Source B Sint Trc tip Gi tr ca s tr Int,Dint,Real Tag Tag Sint,Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi sign-extension Destination Sint Tag Tag cha kt qu Int,Dint,Real -V d: khi u vo on, lnh ADD ly value_1 tr i value_2 kt qu c lu trong tag result_2

4.4.

Multiply

- Lnh nhn ,khi u vo on, lnh MUL s ly Source A nhn vi Source B kt qu c lu trong Dest. Ton hng Source A Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Sint Trc tip Gi tr ca s nhn Int,Dint,Real Tag Source B Sint Trc tip Gi tr ca s nhn Int,Dint,Real Tag Tag Sint,Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi sign-extension Destination Sint Tag Tag cha kt qu Int,Dint,Real

- V d :Khi u vo on ,lnh MUL s nhn value_1 vi value_3 kt qu c lu trong result_3.

4.5.

Divide

- Khi u vo ON , lnh DIV s ly Source A chia cho Source B , kt qu c lu trong Dest. Ton hng Source A Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Sint Trc tip Gi tr ca s b chia Int,Dint,Real Tag Source B Sint Trc tip Gi tr ca s chia Int,Dint,Real Tag Tag Sint,Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi sign-extension Destination Sint Tag Tag cha kt qu Int,Dint,Real -Nu kt qu khng phi l s thc th lnh DIV s x l kt qu nh sau: Nu Source A X l kt qu V Source B khng Ct b phn thp phi l s thc phn Hoc Source B l s thc V d Soucer A Source B Destination Soucer A Source B Destination

Lm trn

Dint Dint Dint Real Dint Dint

5 3 1 5.0 3 2

- Nu Source B( s chia) bng khng : + C mt li nh xy ra: - Dng 4 :chng trnh li. -M s 4 : Trn s hc. +Kt qu s c x l nh sau: Nu Source B bng V ch n l 0 v: mt: Tt c cc ton hng u l s nguyn. Sint,Int, t nht mt ton Dint hng l s thc Real V kt qu l Cui cng Destination bng: Source A -1 0 1$(Dng v cng) -1$(m v cng)

S dng S m S dng S m

-V d:Khi u vo on,lnh DIV ly value_1 chia cho value_3 kt qu c lu trong result_4.

4.6

Modulo

- Php ly s d , khi u vo on lnh MOD s ly s d ca php chia Source A cho Source B kt qu c lu trong Dest.

Ton hng Source A

Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Sint Trc tip Gi tr ca s b chia Int,Dint,Real Tag Source B Sint Trc tip Gi tr ca s chia Int,Dint,Real Tag Tag Sint,Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi sign-extension Destination Sint Tag Tag cha kt qu Int,Dint,Real - Nu Source B( s chia) bng khng : + C mt li nh xy ra: - Dng 4 :chng trnh li. -M s 4 : Trn s hc. +Kt qu s c x l nh sau: Nu Source B bng V ch n l 0 v: mt: Tt c cc ton hng u l s nguyn. Sint,Int, t nht mt ton Dint hng l s thc Real V kt qu l Cui cng Destination bng: Source A -1 0 1$(Dng v cng) -1$(m v cng)

S dng S m S dng S m

-V d: Khi u vo on ,lnh MOD s ly s d ca php chia value_2 cho value_4 ,kt qu c lu trong tag result_5.

4.7.

Square Root

- Lnh ly cn bc hai,khi u vo on lnh SQR s ly cn bc hai ca gi tr trong Source kt qu c lu vo Dest. Ton hng Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Source Sint Trc tip Gi tr ca s ly cn Int,Dint,Real Tag bc hai. Tag Sint,Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi sign-extension Destination Sint Tag Tag cha kt qu Int,Dint,Real - Nu Destination khng phi l s thc (real) th lnh SQR s x l kt qu nh sau: Nu Source X l V d Khng phi l s Ct b phn thp Source Dint 3 thc. phn. Destination Dint 1 L s thc Lm trn s Source Real 3.0 Destination Dint 2 - Nu Source l s m th lnh SQR s ly gi tr tuyt i ca Source trc khi tnh cn bc hai ca n. -V d: khi u vo on ,lnh SQR s ly cn bc hai ca gi tr trong value_1, kt qu c lu trong tag result_6.

4.8.

Negate

-Lnh o du , khi u vo on lnh NEG s o du ca gi tr trong Source kt qu lu trong Dest. Ton hng Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Source Sint Trc tip Gi tr ca s b o du Int,Dint,Real Tag Tag Sint,Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi sign-extension Destination Sint Tag Tag cha kt qu Int,Dint,Real -V d: lnh NEQ o du ca gi tr trong value_2 =-10 kt qu l 10 c lu trong tag result_7.

4.9.

Absolute Value

- Lnh ly tr tuyt i, khi u vo on lnh ABS s ly gi tr tuyt i ca gi tr trong Source kt qu c lu trong Dest. Ton hng Source Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Sint Trc tip Gi tr ca s ly tr Int,Dint,Real Tag tuyt i Tag Sint,Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi sign-extension Destination Sint Tag Tag cha kt qu Int,Dint,Real

- V d: Khi u vo on lnh ABS ly tr tuyt i ca gi tr trong value_3= -4, kt qu thu c bng 4 c lu trong result_8

5.Cc lnh di chuyn/logic. 5.1 Move

-Lnh copy, khi u vo on lnh MOV s copy gi tr trong Source vo trong Dest.Gi tr trong Source vn khng thay i.S dng lnh MOV s tc ng ln c trng thi ton hc. Ton hng Source Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Sint Trc tip Gi tr copy Int,Dint.Real Tag Tag Sint,Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi sign-extension Destination Sint Tag Tag lu tr kt qu Int,Dint,Real -V d: khi u vo on,lnh MOV copy gi tr trong value_1 vo value_2.

5.2.

Masked Move.

- Khi u vo on lnh MVM s thc hin php ton : (Dest AND NOT Mask) OR ( Source AND Mask) kt qu ca php ton ny s c lu trong Dest. S dng lnh MVM s tc ng ln trng thi ca c trng thi ton hc. Ton hng Source Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Sint Trc tip Gi tr di chuyn Int,Dint Tag Mask Sint Trc tip Bit no b chn hoc i qua Int,Dint Tag Tag Sint,Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi zero-fill Destination Sin Tag Tag lu tr kt qu Int,Dint -Khi bn nhp gi tr trc tip vo Mask ,chng trnh s mc nh l gi tr thp phn. Nu bn mun s dng cc c s khc th thm vo trc gi tr cc tin t: Tin t 16# 8# 2# M t H hexadecimal V d: 16#0F0F H Octal V d: 8#16 H Binary V d: 2#110101

-V d:Gi tr ban u : Source=5(0101); Mask=6(0110) ;Dest=value_1=3(0011)

Source AND Mask: 0101 AND 0110 = 0100. Dest AND NOT Mask :0011 AND NOT 0110=0001 (Source AND Mask) OR( Dest AND NOT Mask) =0101=5 Kt qu value_1=5

5.3.

Bit Field Distribute

-Lnh phn phi bit, Khi u vo on lnh BTD s copy Length bit ca Source tnh t bit Source Bit( so vi bit thp nht) tr i ri ghi ln cc bit ca Dest tnh t bit Desbit tr i,Source khng b thay i. Lnh BTD khi thc hin khng nh hng n c trng thi ton hc . Ton hng Source Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Sint,Int,Dint Trc tip Tag c cha cc bit di ,tag chuyn Tag Sint,Int s chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi zero-fill. Source Bit Dint Trc tip S bit ( tnh t bit thp nht) (0-7 Sint) t bt u di chuyn,gi (0-15 Int) trin ny phi nm trong

(0-31 Dint) Destination Sint,Int,Dint Tag Destination bit Dint Trc tip (0-7 Sint) (0-15 Int) (0-31 Dint) Length Dint Trc tip (1-32)

khong bit ca kiu d liu. Tag ni bit di chuyn ti S bit ( tnh t bit thp nht) t bt u di chuyn,gi trin ny phi nm trong khong bit ca kiu d liu. S bit di chuyn

- Nu chiu di ca bit di chuyn vt ra ngoi khong ca Destination th lnh BTD khng lu li kt qu.Cc bit tha ra khng ph ln word k tip. -Nu bn s dng kt hp cc loi d liu s nguyn th lnh BTD s in thm bit 0 vo kiu d liu nh hn cho n bng kch thc ca kiu d liu ln nht. -V d: Khi u vo on,lnh BTD s chuyn 10 bit t value_1 vo value_2.

Length Source Bit 11111111111111111111111111111111 : value_1(Source) Dest Bit 00000000000000000000000000000000 Length 00000000000000001111111111000000 5.4. Clear :value_2(Dest )

:value_2 sau khi thc hin lnh BTD.

- Lnh xa, khi u vao on lnh CLR s xa ht cc gi tr cha trong Dest v 0. Khi thc hin lnh ny s tc ng ln c trng thi ton hc. Ton hng Destination Kiu d liu Sint,Int,Dint,Real Hnh thc M t Tag Tag xa

-V d : Khi Start on , lnh CLR s xa gi tr trong tag value_1 v 0.

5.5.

Bitwise AND

- Php AND bit, Khi u vo on lnh AND s tin hnh php AND gia cc bit ca Source A vi Source B ,kt qu c lu trong Dest.Lnh AND khi thc hin s tc ng ln c trng thi ton hc. Ton hng Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Source A Sint,Int,Dint Trc tip,tag Gi tr AND vi Source B Source B Sint,Int,Dint Trc tip,tag Gi tr AND vi Source A Tag Sint,Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi zero-fill. Dest Sint,Int,Dint Tag Tag lu kt qu -Php AND bit: Nu bit trong Source A l: 0 V bit trong Source Bit trong B l: Destination l: 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

0 0 1

- Nu kiu d liu trong Dest nh hn kiu d liu trong Source A hoc Source B th lnh AND s ct bt cc bit cao ca Source A v Source B cho bng vi s bit tng ng ca kiu d liu trong Dest.Sau mi tin hnh php OR gia cc bit cn li(bit thp) ca Source A v Source B. -V d:Khi u vo on, lnh AND s tin hnh php AND bit gia value_1 vi value_2 kt qu c lu vo trong tag result. 00000000 00000000 11111010 11111111 :value_1 = 64255 00000000 00000000 10101010 01110111 :value_2 = 43639 00000000 00000000 10101010 01110111 :result = 43639

5.6.

Bitwise OR

-Php OR bit , khi u vo on lnh OR s tin hnh php OR gia cc bit ca Source A vi Source B kt qu c lu trong Dest.Lnh OR khi thc hin s tc ng ln c trng thi ton hc. Ton hng Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Source A Sint,Int,Dint Trc tip,tag Gi tr OR vi Source B Source B Sint,Int,Dint Trc tip,tag Gi tr OR vi Source A Tag Sint,Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi zero-fill. Dest Sint,Int,Dint Tag Tag lu kt qu

-Php OR bit: Nu bit trong Source A l: 0 0 1 1 V bit trong Source Bit trong B l: Destination l: 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1

-Nu bn s dng kt hp cc loi d liu s nguyn th lnh OR s in thm bit 0 vo kiu d liu nh hn cho n bng kch thc ca kiu d liu ln nht. - Nu kiu d liu trong Dest nh hn kiu d liu trong Source A hoc Source B th lnh OR s ct bt cc bit cao ca Source A v Source B cho bng vi s bit tng ng ca kiu d liu trong Dest.Sau mi tin hnh php OR gia cc bit cn li(bit thp) ca Source A v Source B. -V d: Khi u vao on , lnh OR s thc hin php OR gia cc bit ca value_1 vi value_2 kt qu lu trong tag result_2 00000000 00000000 11110000 00111100 value_1 00000000 00000000 00001010 01010101 value_2 00000000 00000000 11111010 01111101 result_2

5.7.

Bitwise NOT

- Php o bt, khi u vo on lnh NOT s o cc bit ca Source , kt qu c lu vo Dest. Lnh NOT khi thc hin s tc ng ln c trng thi ton hc. Ton hng Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Source A Sint,Int,Dint Trc tip,tag Gi tr thc hin php NOT Tag Sint,Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi zero-fill. Dest Sint,Int,Dint Tag Tag lu kt qu

-Php NOT bit : Nu bit trong Source l: 0 1

Bit trong Destination l : 1 0

-Nu bn s dng kt hp cc loi d liu s nguyn th lnh OR s in thm bit 0 vo kiu d liu nh hn cho n bng kch thc ca kiu d liu ln nht. - Nu kiu d liu trong Dest nh hn kiu d liu trong Source th lnh OR s ct bt cc bit cao ca Source cho bng vi s bit tng ng ca kiu d liu trong Dest.Sau mi tin hnh php NOT cc bit cn li(bit thp) ca Source . -V d: 00000000 11111111 10101010 10101010 value_3 11111111 00000000 01010101 01010101 result_3

5.8.

Bitwise XOR

-Php XOR bit, khi u vo on lnh XOR s tin hnh php XOR gia cc bit ca Source A vi cc bit ca Source B. Lnh ny khi thc hin s tc ng ln c trng thi ton hc. Ton hng Kiu d liu Hnh thc M t Source A Sint,Int,Dint Trc tip,tag Gi tr XOR vi Source B Source B Sint,Int,Dint Trc tip,tag Gi tr XOR vi Source A Tag Sint,Int s c chuyn thnh gi tr Dint bi zero-fill. Dest Sint,Int,Dint Tag Tag lu kt qu -Nu bn s dng kt hp cc loi d liu s nguyn th lnh OR s in thm bit 0 vo kiu d liu nh hn cho n bng kch thc ca kiu d liu ln nht.Nu kiu d liu trong Dest nh hn kiu d liu trong Source A hoc Source B th lnh XOR s ct bt cc bit cao ca Source A v Source B cho bng vi s bit tng ng ca kiu d liu trong Dest. -V d:Khi XOR value_4 (32-Dint) vi value_5 (32-Dint) ri lu kt qu trong result_4(16 -Int) th cc bit cao ca value_4 v value_5 b ct bt (16 bit cao) cho bng vi s bt ca kiu d liu ca result_4 ri tin hnh php XOR gia cc bit cn li ca value_4 vi value_5 (bit thp). 00000000 00001010 01001101 10100001 value_4 ( Dint) 00000000 00000000 00101100 11110001 value_5 (Dint) 01100001 01010000 result_4 (Int)

6.Cc lnh iu khin chng trnh. 6.1. Jum to Label, Label.

- Lnh JMP v LBL l nhng lnh nhy cch.Khi u vo on lnh JMP s b qua mt phn gin thang ca chng trnh v nhy n lnh LBL c cng tn nhn,chng trnh s tip tc thc hin t .Khi u vo off lnh JMP s khng nh hng ti hot ng ca gin thang. - Lnh JMP c th di chuyn s thc hin ca gin thang v pha trc hoc quay li .Nhy v pha trc tit kim thi gian qut ca chng trnh bng cch qut b qua mt on chng trnh .Nhy quay li cho php b iu khin lp li cc lnh trong on chng trnh . - Hy cn thn ng nhy li tha qu nhiu ln.Mch cnh gii thi gian c th ht gi bi v b iu khin khng bao gi chy ht chng trnh, iu ny s gy li b iu khin. - Lnh LBL l ch ca lnh JMP m c cng tn.Chc chn rng lnh LBL l lnh u tin trn u vo ca mt Network. Khi s dng cp lnh ny khng nh hng ti c trng thi ton hc. - Tn nhn phi l duy nht trong mt gin .Tn nhn c th ti a 40 k t, bao gm cc ch ci, cc s v du gch di ( _ ). -V d: Khi u vo on , lnh JMP s nhy n lnh LBL c cng nhn l label_15

Mt on ca chng trnh

6.2.

Jump to Subroutine,

Subroutine,

Return.

-Lnh JSR nhy n mt on chng trnh khc,lnh SBR v RET l nhng lnh ty dng trao i d liu vi lnh JSR.

Tn Routine Name Input Parameter

Kiu d liu on chng trnh Bool,Sint,Int, Dint,Real, structure.

Dng Tn

M t on chng trnh cn thc hin.

Return Parameter

Bool,Sint,Int, Dint,Real, structure.

Trctip,tag, -D liu t chng trnh ny m bn Array tag. mun copy n mt tag trong chng trnh con. -Input Parameter c th xa i ,bn c th nhp vo nhiu Input Parameter nu cn thit. Tag, Array -Tag trong chng trnh ny tag. copy kt qu ca chng trnh con. -Return Parameter c th xa i ,bn c th nhp vo nhiu Return Parameter nu cn thit.

- Lnh SBR phi l lnh u tin trong gin thang hoc structure.

Tn Input Parameter

Kiu d liu Dng Bool,Sint,Int, Tag, Dint,Real, array tag structure.

M t Tag trong on chng trnh ny trong bn mun copy Input parameter tng ng t lnh JSR.

-Lnh RET:

Tn Kiu d liu Dng Return Parameter Bool,Sint,Int, Trc tip, Dint,Real, Tag, structure. Array tag

M t D liu trong on chng trnh ny m bn mun copy ti Return parameter tng ng trong lnh JSR.

- Lnh JSR khi u cho s hot ng ca on chng trnh c ch nh. on chng trnh ny nh l mt chng trnh con:

+ Chng trnh con chy mt ln. + Sau khi chng trnh con chy xong, tip tc chy on chng trnh m c cha lnh JSR. - Khng c s dng lnh JSR gi chng trnh chnh. chng trnh nhy ti mt chng trnh con ,theo cc ch dn sau: + Bn c th t lnh JSR trong chng trnh chnh hoc cc chng trnh khc. + Nu bn s dng lnh JSR gi chng trnh chnh v dng lnh RET trong chng trnh chnh th s xy ra mt li ln (dng 4, m 31). - S sau y s minh ha hot ng ca cc lnh: Gi chng t nh Chng trnh con

JSR 1. Nu bn mun copy d liu ti mt tag trong chng trnh con, nhp s dng mt Input Parameter. 2.Nu bn mun copy mt kt qu ca chng trnh con ti mt tag trong chng trnh s dng mt Return Parameter. 3.C th s dng nhiu Input hoc Return Parameter nu bn cn.

SBR 1.Nu lnh JSR c Input Parameter th hy s dng lnh SBR 2.t lnh SBR l lnh u tin ca chng trnh. 3.Cho mi Input Parameter trong lnh JSR nhp vo mt tag trong .

RET 1.Nu lnh JSR c Return Parameter th hy s dng lnh RET. 2.t lnh RET l lnh cui cng trong chng trnh. 3.Cho mi Return Parameter trong lnh JSR nhp vo mt Return Parameter gi ti lnh JSR. 4.Trong chng trnh thang dt thm lnh RET thot khi chng trnh con da vo cc iu kin u vo khc nhau , nu cn thit.

-Khng c gii hn,khc vi b nh trong s lng cc chng trnh lng nhau m bn c th c cng nh cc bin m bn chuyn i hoc gi v.