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TS. NGUYN NH HIN, TS.

NGUYN MNH TNG

IU KHIN LOGIC V PLC


Sch chuyn kho dng cho o to i hc v Sau i hc ngnh iu khin & T ng ho

NH XUT BN KHOA HC T NHIN V CNG NGH H NI - 2007

MC LC
Ni dung CHNG 1 : L THUYT C S
1.1 Nhng khi nim c bn......................................................................................... 3 1.2. Cc phng php biu din hm logic .................................................................. 8 1.3. Cc phng php ti thiu ho hm logic ........................................................... 11 1.4. Cc h mch logic ............................................................................................... 15 1.5. Grafcet - m t mch trnh t trong cng nghip ........................................... 17

Trang

CHNG 2: MT S NG DNG MCH LOGIC TRONG IU KHIN


2.l. Cc thit b iu khin.......................................................................................... 27 2.2. Cc s khng ch ng c rto lng sc ........................................................ 28 2.3. Cc s khng ch ng c khng ng b rto dy qun.............................. 32 2.4. Khng ch ng c in mt chiu ..................................................................... 34

CHNG 3: L LUN CHUNG V IU KHIN LOGIC LP TRNH PLC


3.1. M u................................................................................................................. 36 3.2. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt b PLC.............................................................. 37 3.3. Cc vn v lp trnh ........................................................................................ 41 3.4. nh gi u nhc im ca PLC ...................................................................... 47

CHNG 4: B IU KHIN PLC CPM1A


4.l. Cu hnh cng....................................................................................................... 49 4.2. Ghp ni .............................................................................................................. 53 4.3. Ngn ng lp trnh............................................................................................... 54 CHNG 5: B IU KHIN PLC - S5 5.l. Cu to ca h PLC Step5.................................................................................... 58 5.2. a ch v gn a ch .......................................................................................... 59 5.3. Vng i tng.................................................................................................... 61 5.4. Cu trc ca chng trnh S5 .............................................................................. 62 5.5. Bng lnh ca S5 - 95U....................................................................................... 63 5.6. C php mt s lnh c bn ca S5..................................................................... 64 CHNG 6: B IU KHIN PLC - S7-20 6.1. Cu hnh cng...................................................................................................... 74 6.2. Cu trc b nh ................................................................................................... 77 6.3. Chng trnh ca S7-200..................................................................................... 79 6.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn ca S7-200 ............................................................ 80

CHNG 7: B IU KHIN PLC - S7-300 7.l. Cu hnh cng....................................................................................................... 83 7.2. Vng i tng.................................................................................................... 86 7.3. Ngn ng lp trnh............................................................................................... 88 7.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn ............................................................................... 89 PH LC 1 CC PHN MM LP TRNH PLC 1. Tp trnh cho OMRON............................................................................................. 98 2. Lp trnh cho PLC - S5........................................................................................... 105 3. Lp trnh cho PLC - S7200..................................................................................... 111 4. Lp trnh cho PLC - S7-300 ................................................................................... 116 PH LC 2 BNG LNH CA CC PHN MM PLC 1. BNG LNH CA PLC CPM1A ......................................................................... 121 2. BNG LNH CA PLC - S5................................................................................ 125 3. BNG LNH CA PLC - S7-200 ........................................................................ 128 4. BNG LNH CA PLC S7-300........................................................................... 135

TI LIU THAM KHO

PHN 1 : LOGIC HAI TRNG THI V NG DNG


CHNG 1 : L THUYT C S
1.1 Nhng khi nim c bn 1. Khi nim v logic hai trng thi Trong cuc sng cc s vt v hin tng thng biu din hai trng thi i lp, thng qua hai trng thi i lp r rt ca n con ngi nhn thc c s vt v hin tng mt cch nhanh chng bng cch phn bit hai trng thi . Chng hn nh ni nc sch v bn, gi c t v r, nc si v khng si, hc sinh hc gii v dt, kt qu tt v xu... Trong k thut, c bit l k thut in v iu khin, thng c khi nim v hai trng thi: ng v ct nh ng in v ct in, ng my v ngng my... Trong ton hc, lng ho hai trng thi i lp ca s vt v hin tng ngi ta dng hai gi tr: 0 v 1. Gi tr 0 hm c trng cho mt trng thi ca s vt hoc hin tng, gi tr 1 c trng cho trng thi i lp ca s vt v hin tng . Gi cc gi tr 0 hoc 1 l cc gi tr logic. Cc nh bc hc xy dng cc c s ton hc tnh ton cc hm v cc bin ch ly hai gi tr 0 v 1 ny, hm v bin c gi l hm v bin logic, c s ton hc tnh ton hm v bin logic gi l i s logic. i s logic cng c tn l i s Boole v ly tn nh ton hc c cng u trong vic xy dng nn cng c i s ny. i s logic l cng c ton hc phn tch v tng hp cc h thng thit b v mch s. N nghin cu cc mi quan h gia cc bin s trng thi logic. Kt qu nghin cu th hin l mt hm trng thi cng ch nhn hai gi tr 0 hoc 1 . 2. Cc hm logic c bn Mt hm y = f(x1, x2, xn) vi cc bin x1, x2, xn ch nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1 v hm y cng ch nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1 th gi l hm logic. Hm logic mt bin: y = f(x) Vi bin x s nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1, nn hm y c 4 kh nng hay thng gi l 4 hm yo, y1, y2, y3 cc kh nng v cc k hiu mch rle v in t ca hm mt bin nh trong bng 1.1

Bng 1.1

Trong cc hm trn hai hm yo v y3 lun c gi tr khng i nn t c quan tm, thng ch xt hai hm y1 v y2 Hm logic hai bin y = f (x1, x2) Vi hai bin logic x1, x2 mi bin nhn hai gi tr 0 v 1, nh vy c 16 t hp logic to thnh 16 hm. Cc hm ny c th hin trn bng 1.2

Bng 1.2

Cc hm i xng nhau qua trc nm gia gia bng 1.2 l: y7 v y8, ngha l Hm logic n bin y = f (x1, x2, xn ) Vi hm logic n bin, mi bin nhn mt trong hai gi tr 0 hoc 1 nn vi hm logic n bin c 2n t hp bin, mi t hp bin li nhn hai gi tr 0 hoc 1, do vy s hm logic tng l 22. Do , vi 1 bin c 4 kh nng to hm, vi 2 bin c 16 kh nng to hm, vi 3 bin c 256 kh nng to hm. Nh vy, khi s bin tng th s hm c kh nng to thnh rt ln. Trong tt c cc hm c to thnh c bit ch n hai loi hm l hm tng chun v hm tch chun. Hm tng chun l hm cha tng cc tch m mi tch c tt c cc bin ca hm. Hm tch chun l hm cha tch cc tng m mi tng u 6

c tt c cc bin ca hm. 3. Cc php tnh c bn Ngi ta xy dng ba php tnh c bn gia cc bin logic l: 1. Php ph nh (o): k hiu bng du "-" pha trn k hiu ca bin. 2. Php cng (tuyn): k hiu bng du "+". (song song). 3. Php nhn (hi): k hiu bng du ".". (ni tip). 4. Tnh cht v mt s h thc c bn 4.1. Cc tnh cht Tnh cht ca i s logic c th hin bn lut c bn l: lut hon v, lut kt hp, lut phn phi v lut nghch o. + Lut hon v: x1 + x2 = x2 + x1 + Lut kt hp: x1 + x2 + x3 = (x1 + x2 ) + x3 = x1 + (x2 + x3 ) x1.x2.x3 = (x1.x2).x3 = x1.(x2.x3) + Lut phn phi: (x1 + x2).x3 = x1.x3 + x2.x3 x1 + x2.x3 = (x1+x2) . (x1+x3) C th minh ho kim chng tnh ng n ca lut phn phi bng cch lp bng 1.3. Bng 1.3
x1 x2 x3 (x1+x2) . (x1 +x3) x1 + x2.x3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Lut phn phi c th hin qua s rle hnh 1.1 :

Hnh 1.1. Th hin lut phn phi + Lut nghch o:

Cng minh ho tnh ng n ca lut nghch o bng cch thnh lp bng 1.4. 7

Bng 1.4

Lut nghch o c th hin qua mch rle nh trn hnh 1.2:

Lut nghch o tng qut c th hin bng nh l De Morgan:

4.2. Cc h thc c bn Mt s h thc c bn thng dng trong i s logic c cho bng 1.5. Bng 1.5

1.2. Cc phng php biu din hm logic C th biu din hm logic theo bn cch l: biu din bng bng trng thi, biu din bng phng php hnh hc, biu din bng biu thc i s, biu din bng bng Karnaugh (ba Can). 8

1. Phng php biu din bng bng trng thi phng php ny cc gi tr ca hm c trnh by trong mt bng. Nu hm c n bin th bng c n + 1 ct (n ct cho bin v 1 ct cho hm) v 2n hng tng ng vi 2n t hp ca bin. Bng ny thng gi l bng trng thi hay bng chn l. V d: Mt hm 3 bin y = f(x1, x2, x3) vi gi tr ca hm cho trc c biu din thnh bng 1.6: Bng 1.6
TT t hp bin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 x2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 x3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 y 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0

u im ca phng php biu din bng bng l d nhn, t nhm ln, nhc im l cng knh, c bit khi s bin ln. 2. Phng php biu din hnh hc Vi phng php hnh hc hm n bin c biu din trong khng gian n chiu, t hp bin c biu din thnh mt im trong khng gian, phng php ny rt phc tp khi s bin ln nn thng t dng. 3. Phng php biu din bng biu thc i s Ngi ta chng minh c rng, mt hm logic n bin bt k bao gi cng c th biu din thnh cc hm tng chun y v tch chun y . Cch vit hm di dng tng chun y - Hm tng chun y ch quan tm n t hp bin m hm c gi tr bng 1 S ln hm bng 1 s chnh l s tch ca cc t hp bin. - Trong mi tch, cc bin c gi tr bng 1 c gi nguyn, cn cc bin c gi tr bng 0 th c ly gi tr o; ngha l nu xi = 1 th trong biu thc tch s c vit l xi, cn nu xi =0 th trong biu thc tch c vit l xi. Cc tch ny cn gi l cc mintec v k hiu l m. - Hm tng chun y s l tng ca cc tch . V d: Vi hm ba bin bng 1.6 trn, c hm dng tng chun y l:

Cch vit hm di dng tch chun y - Hm tch chun y ch quan tm n t hp bin m hm c gi tr bng 0 9

S ln hm bng khng s chnh l s tng ca cc t hp bin. Trong mi tng cc bin c gi tr 0 c gi nguyn, cn cc bin c gi tr 1 c ly o; ngha l nu xi = 0 th trong biu thc tng s c vit l xi, cn nu xi = 1 th trong biu thc tng c vit bng xi. Cc tng c bn cn c gi tn l cc Maxtec k hiu M. - Hm tch chun u s l tch ca cc tng . V d: Vi hm ba bin bng 1.6 trn, c hm dng tch chun y l:

4. Phng php biu din bng bng Karnaugh (ba can) Nguyn tc xy dng bng Karnaugh l: - biu din hm logic n bin cn thnh lp mt bng c 2n , mi tng ng vi mt t hp bin. nh s th t cc trong bng tng ng vi th t cc t hp bin. - Cc cnh nhau hoc i xng nhau ch cho php khc nhau v gi tr ca 1 bin. - Trong cc ghi gi tr ca hm tng ng vi gi tr t hp bin. V d l: Bng Karnaugh cho hm ba bin bng 1.6 nh bng 1.7 sau:

V d 2: Bng Karnaugh cho hm bn bin nh bng 1.8 sau:

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1.3. Cc phng php ti thiu ho hm logic Trong qu trnh phn tch v tng hp mch logic, phi quan tm n vn ti thiu ho hm logic. Bi v, cng mt gi tr hm logic c th c nhiu hm khc nhau, nhiu cch biu din khc nhau nhng ch tn ti mt cch biu din gn nht, ti u v s bin v s s hng hay tha s c gi l dng ti thiu. Vic ti thiu ho hm logic l a chng t mt dng bt k v dng ti thiu. Ti thiu ho hm logic mang ngha kinh t v k thut ln, c bit khi tng hp cc mch logic phc tp. Khi chn c mt s ti gin s c s bin (thit b) cng nh cc kt ni (thit b) ti gin, gim c chi ph vt t cng nh gim ng k xc sut hng hc do s phn t nhiu. V d: Hai s hnh 1.3a v hnh 1.3b u c chc nng nh nhau, nhng s a s tip im cn l 3, ng thi cn thm 1 rle trung gian p, trong khi s b ch cn 2 tip im, khng cn rle trung gian.

Thc cht vic ti thiu ho hm logic l tm dng biu din i s n gin nht ca hm v thng c hai nhm phng php l: - Phng php bin i i s. - Phng php dng thut ton. 1. Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic bng bin i i s phng php ny cn da vo cc tnh cht v cc h thc c bn ca i s Boole thc hin ti gin cc hm logic. Nhng do tnh trc quan ca phng php nn nhiu khi kt qu a ra vn khng khng nh r c l ti thiu hay cha. Nh vy, y khng phi l phng php cht ch cho qu trnh ti thiu ho. V d: Cho hm

2. Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic dng thut ton Phng php dng bng Karnaugh y l phng php thng dng v n gin nht, nhng ch tin hnh c vi h c s bin n 6. phng php ny cn quan st v x l trc tip trn bng Karnaugh. 11

Quy tc ca phng php l: nu c 2n c gi tr 1 nm k nhau hp thnh mt khi vung hay ch nht th c th thay 2n ny bng mt ln vi s lng bin gim i n ln. Nh vy, bn cht ca phng php l tm cc k nhau cha gi tr 1 (cc c gi tr hm khng xc nh cng gn cho gi tr 1) sao cho lp thnh hnh vung hay ch nht cng ln cng tt. Cc bin nm trong khu vc ny b loi b l cc bin c gi tr bin i, cc bin c dng l cc bin c gi tr khng bin i (ch l 0 hoc l). Quy lc ny p dng theo th t gim dn ln cc , sao cho cui cng ton b cc cha gi tr 1 u c bao ph. Cng c th tin hnh ti thiu theo gi tr 0 ca hm nu s lng ca n t hn nhiu so vi gi tr 1, lc by gi hm l hm ph nh. V d: Ti thiu hm

+ Lp bng Karnaugh c nh bng 1.9. Bng Karnaugh c 3 bin vi 6 mintec c gi tr 1. Bng 1.9

+Tm nhm cc (hnh ch nht) cha cc c gi tr bng 1, c hai nhm, nhm A v nhm B. + Loi bt cc bin cc nhm: Nhm A c bin z = 1 khng i vy n c gi li cn hai bin x v y thay i theo tng ct do vy mintec mi A ch cn bin z: A = z. Nhm B c bin x v z thay i, cn bin y khng i vy mintec mi B ch cn bin y : B = y . Kt qu ti thiu ho l: f = a+b = z+y. Phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey y l phng php c tnh tng qut, cho php ti thiu ho mi hm logic vi s lng bin ln. a. Mt s nh ngha + nh: l mt tch cha y cc bin ca hm, nu hm c n bin th nh l tch ca n bin. nh 1 l nh m hm c gi tr bng 1 . nh 0 l nh m hm c gi tr bng 0. 12

nh khng xc nh l nh m ti hm c th ly mt trong hai gi tr 0 hoc 1. + Tch cc tiu: l tch c s bin l cc tiu hm c gi tr bng 1 hoc khng xc nh. + Tch quan trng: l tch cc tiu m gi tr hm ch duy nht bng 1 tch ny. b. Ti thiu ho bng phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey r phng php hy xt v d minh ho, ti thiu ho hm f(x1,x2,x3,x4) Vi Cc nh bng 1 l L = 2, 3, 7, 12, 14, 15 v cc nh c gi tr hm khng xc nh l N = 6, 13. Cc bc tin hnh nh sau: Bc 1: Tm cc tch cc tiu Lp bng biu din cc gi tr hm bng 1 v cc gi tr khng xc nh ng vi m nh phn ca cc bin theo th t s s 1 tng dn (bng 1.10a. Xp thnh tng nhm theo s lng ch s 1 vi th t tng dn. (bng 1.10b c 4 nhm: nhm 1 c 1 s cha 1 ch s 1 ; nhm 2 gm 3 s cha 2 ch s 1 ; nhm 3 gm 3 s cha 3 ch s 1, nhm 4 c 1 s cha 4 ch s 1). So snh mi t hp th i vi t hp th i + 1, nu hai t hp ch khc nhau mt ct th kt hp 2 t hp thnh mt t hp mi, ng thi thay ct s khc nhau ca 2 t hp c bng mt gch ngang (-) v nh du v vo hai t hp c (bng 1.10c). V c s ton hc, y thu gn cc t hp dng tnh cht: C tip tc c ng vic, t bng 1.10c chn ra cc t hp ch khc nhau 1 ch s 1 v c cng v tr gch ngang (-) trong mt ct, ngha l c cng bin va c gin c bng 1.10c, nh vy c bng 1.10d. Bng 1.10
a S thp phn 2 3 6* 12 7 13 * 14 15 C s 2 x1x2x3x4 0010 0011 0110 1100 0111 1101 1110 1111 2 b S ch S thp C s 2 s 1 phn x1x2x3x4 1 2 3 6 12 7 13 14 15 0010v 0011v 0110v 1100v 0111v 1101v 1110v 1111v c Lin x1x2x3x4 kt 2,3 2,6 3,7 6,7 6,14 12,13 12,14 7,15 13,15 14,15 001-v 0-10v 0-11v 011-v -110v 110-v 110v -111v 11-1v 111-v d Lin kt 2,3,6,7 2,6,3,7 6,7,14,15 6,14,7,15 12,13,14,15 x1x2x3x4 0-1-1111- -

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Qu trnh tip tc cho n khi khng cn kh nng kt hp na. Cc t hp tm c bng 1.10d l t hp cui cng, cc t hp ny khng cn kh nng kt hp na, y chnh l cc tch cc tiu ca hm cho. Theo th t x1x2x3x4, cc xk v tr c du (-) c lc b, cc xk v tr gi tr 0 c ly nghch o, cc tch cc tiu trong v d c vit nh sau: 0-1- (ph cc nh 2, 3, 6, 7) ng vi: x1x3. -11- (ph cc nh 6, 7, 14, 15) ng vi: x2x3. 1 1- - (ph cc nh 12, 13, 14, 15 ) ng vi : x1x2. Bc 2: Tm cc tch quan trng Vic tm cc tch quan trng cng c tin hnh theo cc bc nh. Gi Li l tp cc nh 1 ang xt bc nh th i, lc ny khng quan tm n cc nh c gi tr khng xc nh na. Zi l tp cc tch cc tiu ang bc nh th i. Ei l tp cc tch quan trng bc nh th i. Vi i = 0

Xc nh cc tch quan trng Eo t tp Lo v Zo nh sau: + Lp bng trong mi hng ng vi mt tch cc tiu thuc Zo mi ct ng vi mt nh thuc Lo. nh du "x" vo cc trong bng ng vi tch cc tiu bng 1.11 (tch x1x3 ng vi cc nh 2, 3, 7; tch x2x3 ng vi cc nh 7, 14, 5; tch x1x2 ng vi cc nh 12, 14, 15 bng 1.10). Bng 1.11

Xt tng ct, ct no ch c mt du "x" th tch cc tiu (hng) ng vi n l tch quan trng, i thnh du "(x)". Vy tp cc tch quan trng bc ny l:

Vi i = 1 Tm L1 t Lo bng cch loi khi Lo cc nh 1 ca Eo Tm Z1 t Zo bng cch loi khi Zo cc tch trong Eo v cc tch nm trong

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hng c chn t Eo. Khi tm c L1, v Z1, lm li nh bc i = 0 s tm c tch quan trng E1. Cng vic c tip tc cho n khi Lk = 0. Trong v d ny v Eo = (x1x3, x1 x2 ) m cc nh 1 ca x1x3 l 2, 3, 7; cc nh 1 ca x1, x2 l 12, 14, 15 (b qua nh 6, 13 l cc nh khng xc nh); do L1 = 0, qu trnh kt thc. Kt qu dng hm ti thiu chnh l tng ca cc tch cc tiu. Vy hm cc tiu l:

1.4. Cc h mch logic Cc php ton v nh l ca i s Boole gip cho thao tc cc biu thc logic. Trong k thut thc t l cch ni cng logic ca cc mch logic vi nhau (theo kt cu ti gin nu c). thc hin mt bi ton iu khin phc tp, s mch logic s ph thuc vo s lng u vo v cch gii quyt bng loi mch logic no, s dng cc php ton hay nh l no. y l mt bi ton ti u nhiu khi c khng ch mt li gii. Tu theo loi mch logic m vic gii cc bi ton c nhng phng php khc nhau. V c bn cc mch logic c chia lm hai loi: + Mch logic t hp. + Mch logic trnh t. 1. Mch logic t hp Mch logic t hp l mch m u ra ti bt k thi im no ch ph thuc t hp cc trng thi ca u vo thi im . Nh vy, mch khng c phn t nh. Theo quan im iu khin th mch t hp l mch h, h khng c phn hi, ngha l trng thi ng m ca cc phn t trong mch hon ton khng b nh hng bi trng thi tn hiu u ra. S mch logic t hp nh hnh 1.4.

Hnh 1.4. Mch t hp Vi mch logic t hp tn ti hai loi bi ton l bi ton phn tch v bi ton tng hp. + Bi ton phn tch c nhim v l t mch t hp c, m t hot ng v vit cc hm logic ca cc u ra theo cc bin u vo v nu cn c th xt ti vic ti thiu ho mch. + Bi ton tng hp thc cht l thit k mch t hp. Nhim v chnh l thit k c mch t hp tho mn yu cu k thut nhng mch phi ti gin. Bi ton tng 15

hp l bi ton phc tp, v ngoi cc yu cu v chc nng logic, vic tng hp mch cn ph thuc vo vic s dng cc phn t, chng hn nh phn t l cc loi: rle cng tc t, loi phn t kh nn hay loi phn t l bn dn, vi mch... Vi mi loi phn t logic c s dng th ngoi nguyn l chung v mch logic cn i hi phi b sung nhng nguyn tc ring lc tng hp v thit k h thng. V d: Mch logic t hp nh hnh 1.5.

2. Mch logic trnh t Mch trnh t hay cn gi l mch dy (sequential circuits) l mch trong trng thi ca tn hiu ra khng nhng ph thuc tn hiu vo m cn ph thuc c trnh t tc ng ca tn hiu vo, ngha l mch c nh cc trng thi. Nh vy, v mt thit b th mch trnh t khng nhng ch c cc phn t ng m m cn c c cc phn t nh. S nguyn l mch logic trnh t nh hnh 1.6. Xt mch logic trnh t nh hnh 1.7. Xt hot ng ca mch khi thay i trng thi ng m ca x1 v x2. Biu hnh 1.7b m t hot ng ca mch, trong biu cc nt m biu hin tn hiu c gi tr 1, cn nt mnh biu hin tn hiu c gi tr 0.

Hnh 1.7. S mch trnh t T biu hnh l.7b thy, trng thi z = 1 ch t c khi thao tc theo trnh t x1 = 1, tip theo x2 = 1. Nu cho x2 = 1 trc, sau cho x1 = 1 th c y v z u khng th bng 1 . m t mch trnh t c th dng bng chuyn trng thi, dng hnh trng thi Mealy, hnh trng thi Moore hoc dng phng php lu . Trong phng php lu c dng trc quan hn. T lu thut ton d dng chuyn sang dng hnh trng thi Mealy hoc hnh trng thi Moore, v t c th thit k 16

c mch trnh t. Vi mch logic trnh t cng c bi ton phn tch v bi ton tng hp. 1.5. Grafcet - m t mch trnh t trong cng nghip 1. Hot ng ca thit b cng nghip theo logic trnh t Trong dy chuyn sn xut cng nghip, cc thit b my mc thng hot ng theo mt trnh t logic cht ch nhm m bo cht lng sn phm v an ton cho ngi v thit b. Mt qu trnh cng ngh no cng c th c ba hnh thc iu khin hot ng sau: + iu khin hon ton t ng, lc ny ch cn s ch huy chung ca nhn vin vn hnh h thng. + iu khin bn t ng, qu trnh lm vic c lin quan trc tip n cc thao tc lin tc ca con ngi gia cc chui hot ng t ng. + iu khin bng tay, tt c hot ng ca h u do con ngi thao tc. Trong qu trnh lm vic m bo an ton, tin cy v linh hot, h iu khin cn c s chuyn i d dng t iu khin bng tay sang t ng v ngc li, v nh vy h iu khin mi p ng ng cc yu cu thc t. Trong qu trnh lm vic s khng bnh thng trong hot ng ca dy chuyn c rt nhiu loi, khi thit k phi c gng m t chng mt cch y nht. Trong s cc hot ng khng bnh thng ca chng trnh iu khin mt dy chuyn t ng, ngi ta thng phn bit ra cc loi sau: + H hng mt b phn trong cu trc iu khin, lc ny cn phi x l ring phn chng trnh c ch h hng, ng thi phi lu tm cho dy chuyn hot ng lc c h hng v sn sng chp nhn li diu khin khi h hng c sa cha xong. + H hng trong cu trc trnh t iu khin. + H hng b phn chp hnh (nh h hng thit b chp hnh, h hng cm bin, h hng cc b phn thao tc...). Khi thit k h thng phi tnh n cc phng thc lm vic khc nhau m bo an ton v x l kp thi cc h hng trong h thng, phi lun c phng n can thip trc tip ca ngi vn hnh n vic dng my khn cp, x l tc nghn vt liu v cc hin tng nguy him khc. Grafcel l cng c rt hu ch thit k v thc hin y cc yu cu ca h t ng cho cc qu trnh cng ngh k trn. 2. nh ngha Grafcet Grafcet l t vit tt ca ting Php "Graphe fonctionnel de commande tape transition" (chui chc nng iu khin giai on - chuyn tip), do hai c quan AFCET (Lin hp Php v tin hc, kinh t v k thut) v ADEPA (t chc nh nc v pht trin nn sn xut t ng ho) hp tc son tho thng 11/1982 c ng k 17

t chc tiu chun ho Php. Nh vy, mng grafcet c tiu chun ho v c cng nhn l mt ngn ng thch hp cho vic m t hot ng dy ca qu trnh t ng ho trong sn xut. Mng grafcet l mt hnh chc nng cho php m t cc trng thi lm vic ca h thng v biu din qu trnh iu khin vi cc trng thi v s chuyn i t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc, l mt hnh nh hng c xc nh bi cc phn t l: tp cc trng thi, tp cc iu kin chuyn trng thi. Mng grafcet m t thnh chui cc giai on trong chu trnh sn xut. Mng grafcet cho mt qu trnh sn xut lun lun l mt hnh khp kn t trng thi u n trng thi cui v t trng thi cui v trng thi u. 3. Mt s k hiu trong grafcet - Mt trng thi (giai on) c biu din bng mt hnh vung c nh s th t ch trng thi. Gn lin vi biu tng trng thi l mt hnh ch nht bn cnh, trong hnh ch nht ny c ghi cc tc ng ca trng thi hnh l.8a v b. Mt trng thi c th tng ng vi mt hoc nhiu hnh ng ca qu trnh sn xut Trng thi khi ng c th hin bng 2 hnh vung lng vo nhau, th t thng l 1 hnh l.8c. - Trng thi hot ng (tch cc) c thm du trong hnh vung trng thi hnh l.8d.

Hnh 1.8. Cc trng thi trong grafcet - Vic chuyn tip t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc ch c th c thc hin khi cc iu kin chuyn tip c tho mn. Chng hn, vic chuyn tip gia cc trng thi 3 v 4 hnh 1.9a c thc hin khi tc ng ln bin b, cn chuyn tip gia trng thi 5 v 6 c thc hin sn tng ca bin c hnh 1.9b, hnh l.9c l tc ng sn gim ca bin d. Chuyn tip gia trng thi 9 v 10 hnh 1.9d s xy ra sau 2s k t khi c tc ng cui cng ca trng thi 9 c thc hin.

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- K hiu phn nhnh nh hnh 1.10, s phn nhnh li tn ti hai loi l s r nhnh v s song song. S r nhnh l phn s c hai iu kin lin h gia ba trng thi nh hnh 1.1a v b . S song song l s ch c mt iu kin lin h gia 3 trng thi nh hnh 1.10c v d . hnh 1.10a, khi trng thi 1 ang hot ng, nu chuyn tip t12 tho mn th trng thi 2 hot ng; nu chuyn tip t13 tho mn th trng thi 3 hot ng. hnh 1.10b nu trng thi 7 ang hot ng v c t79 th trng thi 9 hot ng, nu trng thi 8 ang hot ng v c t89 th trng thi 9 hot ng. hnh 1.10c nu trng thi 1 ang hot ng v c t123 th trng thi 2 v 3 ng thi hot ng. hnh 1.10d nu trng thi 7 v 8 ang cng hot ng v c t789 th trng thi 9 hot ng

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K hiu bc nhy nh hnh 1.11 .

Hnh 1.11. K hiu bc nhy Hnh 1.11a biu din grafcet cho php thc hin bc nhy, khi trng thi 2 ang hot ng nu c iu kin a th qu trnh s chuyn hot ng t trng thi 2 sang trng thi 5 b qua cc trng thi trung gian 3 v 4, nu iu kin a khng c tho mn th qu trnh chuyn tip theo trnh t 2, 3, 4, 5. Hnh 1.11b khi trng thi 8 ang hot ng nu tho mn iu kin f th qu trnh 20

chuyn sang trng thi 9, nu khng tho mn iu kin 8 th qu trnh quay li trng thi 7. 4. Cch xy dng mng grafcet xy dng mng grafcet cho mt qu trnh no th trc tin phi m t mi hnh vi t ng bao gm cc giai on v cc iu kin chuyn tip, sau la chn cc dn ng v cc cm bin ri m t chng bng cc k hiu, sau kt ni chng li theo cch m t ca grafcet. V d : kp cht chi tit c v khoan trn mt l hnh 1.12 th trc tin ngi iu khin n nt khi ng d khi ng chu trnh cng ngh t ng, qu trnh bt u t giai on 1 :

Hnh 1.12. S quy trnh khoan + Giai on 1: S1 Pttng A chuyn ng theo chiu A+ kp cht chi tit c. Khi lc kp t yu cu c xc nh bi cm bin p sut a1 th chuyn sang giai on 2. + Giai on 2: S2 u khoan B i xung theo chiu B+ v mi khoan quay theo chiu R, khi khoan su, xc nh bng nt b1 th kt thc giai on 2, chuyn sang giai on 3. + Giai on 3: S3 mi khoan i ln theo chiu B- v ngng quay. Khi mi khoan ln cao, xc nh bng bo th khoan dng v chuyn sang giai on 4. + Giai on 4: S4 Pttng A tr v theo chiu A- ni lng chi tit, v tr tr v c xc nh bi ao khi mung ngng chuyn ng, kt thc mt chu k gia cng. S grafcet nh hnh 1.13 . 5. Phn tch mng grafcet 5.1. Quy tc vt qua, chuyn tip - Mt trng thi trc ch chuyn tip sang trng thi sau khi n ang hot ng (tch cc) v c iu kin chuyn tip. - Khi qu trnh chuyn tip sang trng thi sau th giai on sau hot ng (tch cc) v s kh b hot ng ca trng thi trc (giai on trc ht tch cc)

21

Vi cc iu kin hot ng nh trn th c nhiu khi s khng hot ng c hoc hot ng khng tt. Ngi ta gi: + S khng hot ng c l s c nhnh cht. (S c nhnh cht c th vn hot ng nu nh khng i vo nhnh cht). + S khng sch l s m ti mt v tr no c pht lnh hai ln. V d 1 : S hnh 1.14 l s c nhnh cht. S ny khng th lm vic c do S2 v S4 khng th cng tch cc v gi s h ang trng thi ban u So nu c iu kin 3 th So ht tch cc v chuyn sang S3 tch cc. Sau nu c iu kin 4 th S3 ht tch cc v S4 tch cc. Nu lc ny c iu kin 1 th S1 cng khng th tch cc c v So ht tch cc. Do khng bao gi S2 tch cc c na, m S5 tch cc th phi c S2 v S4 cng tch cc km iu kin 5 nh vy h s nm im v tr S4 Mun s trn lm vic c phi chuyn mch r nhnh thnh mch song song.

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V d 2: S hnh 1.15 l s khng sch. Gi s mng ang trng thi ban u nu c iu kin 1 th s chuyn trng thi cho c S1 v S3 tch cc, nu c iu kin 3 ri 4 th s chuyn cho S5 tch cc, khi cha c iu kin 6 m li c iu kin 2 ri 5 trc th S5 li chuyn tch cc ln na. Tc l c hai ln lnh cho S5 tch cc, vy l s khng sch. V d 3: S hnh 1.16 l s sch. s ny nu c S3 tch cc (diu kin 3) th nu c iu kin 1 cng khng c ngha v So ht tch cc. Nh vy, mch r sang nhnh 2, nu ln lt c cc iu kin 4 v 6 th S5 s tch cc sau nu c iu kin 7 th h li tr v trng thi ban u. 5.2. Phn tch mng grafcet Nh phn tch trn th nhiu khi mng grafcet khng hot ng c hoc hot ng khng tt. Nhng i vi cc mng khng hot ng c hoc hot ng khng tt vn c th lm vic c nu nh khng i vo nhnh cht. Trong thc t sn xut mt h thng c th ang hot ng rt tt, nhng nu v l do no m h thng phi thay i ch lm vic (do s c tng phn hoc do thay i cng ngh...) th c th h thng s khng hot ng c nu l nhnh cht. Vi cch phn tch s nh trn th kh nh gi c cc mng c phc tp ln. Do , phi xt mt cch phn tch mng grafcet l dng phng php gin im. thnh lp gin im cn i theo cc bc sau: + V mt u tin cho gin im, ghi s 0. Xut pht t giai on u trn grafcet c coi l ang tch cc, giai on ny ang c du ".", khi c mt iu kin c thc hin, s c cc giai on mi c tch cc th: nh du "." vo cc giai on va c tch cc trn grafcet, 23

Xo du "." giai on ht tch cc trn grafcet, To mt mi trn gin im sau iu kin va thc hin, Ghi ht cc giai on tch cc ca h (c du ".") vo mi va to.

+ T cc thnh lp khi mt iu kin no li c thc hin th cc giai on tch cc li c chuyn i, li lp li bn bc nh trn. + Qu trnh c nh vy tip tc, c th v hon thin c gin im (s to thnh mch lin tc, sau khi kt thc li tr v im xut pht) hoc khng v hon thin c. Nhn vo gin im s c cc kt lun sau: - Nu trong qu trnh v n giai on no khng th v tip c na (khng hon thin s ) th s l s c nhnh cht, v d 2. - Nu v c ht m v tr no c cc im lm vic cng tn th l s khng sch v d 3. - Nu v c ht v khng c v tr no c cc im lm vic cng tn th l s lm vic tt, s sch v d 1 . V d 1 : V gin im cho s sch hnh 1.17a. thi im u h ang giai on So (c du "."), khi iu kin 1 c thc hin th c Sl v S3 cng chuyn sang tch cc, nh du "." vo Sl v S3 xo du "." So. Vy, sau iu kin 1 to mi v trong ny cn ghi hai trng thi tch cc l 1,3. Nu cc iu kin khc khng din ra th mch vn trng thi 1 v 3. Khi h ang 1,3 nu iu kin 4 c thc hin th giai on 4 tch cc (thm du "."), giai on 3 ht tch cc (mt du "."). Vy sau iu kin 4 to mi (ni vi 1,3), ny ghi hai trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 1, 4.

Hnh 1.17. Gin im s sch 24

Khi h ang 1,3 nu iu kin 2 c thc hin th giai on 2 tch cc (thm du "."), giai on 1 ht tch cc (mt du "."). Vy sau iu kin 2 to mi (ni vi l,3), ny ghi hai trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 2,3. Khi h ang 1,4 hoc 2,3 nu c iu kin 5 th qu trnh vn khng chuyn tip v chuyn giai on 5 phi c S2 v S4 Cng tch cc kt hp iu kin 5. Khi h ang 1,4 nu iu kin 2 c thc hin th giai on 2 tch cc (thm du "."), giai on 1 ht tch cc (mt du "."). Vy sau iu kin 2 to mi (ni vi l,4), ny ghi hai trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 2,4. Khi h ang 2,3 nu iu kin 4 c thc hin th giai on 4 tch cc (thm du "."), giai on 3 ht tch cc (mt du "."). Vy sau iu kin 4 to mi (ni vi 2,3), ny ghi hai trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 2,4. Khi h ang 2,4 nu iu kin 5 c thc hin th giai on 5 tch cc (thm du "."), giai on 2 v 4 ht tch cc (mt du "."). Vy sau iu kin 5 to mi (ni vi 2,4), ny ghi trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 5. Khi h ang 5 nu iu kin 6 c thc hin th giai on 0 tch cc (thm du "."), giai on 5 ht tch cc (mt du "."), h tr v trng thi ban u. T gin im, thy khng c no c 2 im lm vic cng tn v v c c s , vy l s sch.

V d 2 : V gin im cho s c nhnh cht hnh 1.14 Gin im nh hnh 1.18. Trong trng hp ny khng th v tip c na v S5 tch cc phi c c S2 v S4 cng tch cc cng iu kin 5, nhng khng c no c 2, 4. V d 3: V gin im cho s khng sch hnh 1.5. Cch tin hnh v gin im nh trn, gin im nh hnh 1.19. T gin 25

im nhn thy c nhiu c 2 im lm vic trng nhau (cng tn), vy l s khng sch. gin im hnh 1.19 c th tip tc v gin s m rng.

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CHNG 2: MT S NG DNG MCH LOGIC TRONG IU KHIN


2.l. Cc thit b iu khin 1. Cc nguyn tc iu khin Qu trnh lm vic ca ng c in truyn ng mt my sn xut thng gm cc giai on: khi ng, lm vic v iu chnh tc , dng v c th c c giai on o chiu. Xt ng c l mt thit b ng lc, qu trnh lm vic v c bit l qu trnh khi ng, hm thng c dng in ln, t thn ng c in va l thit b chp hnh nhng cng va l i tng iu khin phc tp. V nguyn l khng ch truyn ng in, khi ng v hm ng c vi dng in c hn ch trong gii hn cho php, thng dng ba nguyn tc khng ch t ng sau: - Nguyn tc thi gian: Vic ng ct thay i tc ng c da theo nguyn tc thi gian, ngha l sau nhng khong thi gian xc nh s c tn hiu iu khin thay i tc ng c. Phn t cm bin v khng ch c bn y l rle thi gian. - Nguyn tc tc : Vic ng ct thay i tc ng c da vo nguyn l xc nh tc tc thi ca ng c. Phn t cm bin v khng ch c bn y l rle tc . - Nguyn tc dng in: Bit tc ng c do m men ng c xc nh, m m men li ph thuc vo dng in chy qua ng c, do vy c th o dng in khng ch qu trnh thay i tc ng c in. Phn t cm bin v khng ch c bn y l rle dng in. Mi nguyn tc iu khin u c u nhc im ring, ty tng trng hp c th m chn cc phng php cho ph hp. 2. Cc thit b iu khin iu khin s lm vic ca cc thit b cn phi c cc thit b iu khin. ng ct khng thng xuyn thng dng ptmt. Trong ptmt h thng tip im c b phn dp h quang v cc b phn t ng ct mch bo v qu ti v ngn mch. B phn ct mch in bng tc ng in t theo kiu dng in cc i. Khi dng in vt qu tr s cho php chng s ct mch in bo v ngn mch, ngoi ra cn c rle nhit bo v qu ti. Phn t c bn ca rle nhit l bn lng kim gm hai ming kim loi c dn n nhit khc nhau dn li vi nhau. Khi bn lng kim khi b t nng (thng l bng dng in cn bo v) s b bin dng (cong), bin dng ti ngng th s tc ng vo cc b phn khc ct mch in. Cc rle in t, cng tc t tc dng nh lc ht in t. Cu to ca rle in 27

t thng gm cc b phn chnh sau: cun ht; mch t tnh lm bng vt liu st t; phn ng cn gi l phn ng v h thng cc tip im.

Mch t ca rle c dng in mt chiu chy qua lm bng thp khi, cn mch t ca rle dng in xoay chiu lm bng l thp k thut in. chng rung v lc ht ca nam chm in c dng xung trn mt cc ngi ta t vng ngn mch. Sc in ng cm ng trong vng ngn mch s to ra dng in v lm cho t thng qua vng ngn mch lch pha vi t thng chnh, nh lc ht phn ng khng b gin on, cc tip im lun c tip xc tt. Tu theo nguyn l tc ng ngi ta ch to nhiu loi thit b iu khin khc nhau nh rle dng in, rle in p, rle thi gian.... H thng tip im ca cc thit b iu khin c cu to khc nhau v thng m bc hay thic m bo tip xc tt. Cc thit b ng ct mch ng lc c dng in ln, h thng tip im chnh c b phn dp h quang, ngoi ra cn c cc tip im ph ng ct cho mch iu khin. Tu theo trng thi tip im ngi ta chia ra cc loi tip im khc nhau. Mt s k hiu thng gp nh bng 2.1. 2.2. Cc s khng ch ng c rto lng sc Tu theo cng sut v yu cu cng ngh m ng c khng ng b rto lng sc c th c ni trc tip vo li in, dng i ni sao-tam gic, qua in khng, qua bin p t ngu, ngy nay thng dng cc b khi ng mm khi ng ng c. Xt mt s s n gin. 1. Mch khng ch n gin 28

Vi ng c cng sut nh c th ng trc tip vo li in. Nu ng c ch quay theo mt chiu th mch ng ct c th dng cu dao, ptmt. Vi thit b ng ct ny c nhc im l khi ang lm vic nu mt in, th khi c in tr li ng c s t khi ng. trnh iu dng khi ng t n ng ct cho ng c. Xt s ng ct c o chiu dng khi ng t kp nh hnh 2.1. Cu dao trn mch ng lc l cu dao cch ly (cu dao ny ch yu ng ct khng ti, cch ly khi sa cha). Cc tip im T1, T2, T3 ng ng c chy thun, cc tip im N1, N2, N3 ng ng c chy ngc (o th t hai trong ba pha li in). Cc tip im T5 v N5 l cc kho lin ng v in khng ch cc ch chy thun v ngc khng th cng ng thi, nu ang chy thun th T5 m, N khng th c in, nu ang chy ngc th N5 m, T khng th c in. Ngoi cc lin ng v in khi ng t kp cn c lin ng c kh. Khi cun T ht th ly c kh kho khng cho cun N ht na, khi cun N ht th ly c kh kho

Trong mch dng hai rle nhit RN1 v RN2 bo v qu ti cho ng c, khi ng c qu ti th rle nhit tc ng lm cc tip im ca n bn mch iu khin m, cc cun ht mt in ct in ng c. khi ng ng c chy thun (hoc ngc) n nt KT (hoc KN) cun ht T c in, ng cc tip im T1... T3 cp in cho ng c chy theo chiu thun, tip im T4 ng li t duy tr. dng ng c n nt dng D, cc cun ht mt in, ct in ng c khi li in, ng c t dng. o chiu ng c trc ht phi n nt dng D, cc cun ht mt in mi n nt o chiu. 2. Mch khng ch o chiu c gim st tc 29

Xt s khng ch ng c rto lng sc quay theo hai chiu v c hm ngc. Hm ngc l hm xy ra lc ng c cn ang quay theo chiu ny (do qun tnh), nhng li ng in cho ng c quay theo chiu ngc li m khng ch cho ng c dng hn ri mi ng in cho ng c o chiu. Hm ngc c kh nng hm nhanh v c th to m men hm ln (do s dng c hai ngun nng lng l ng nng v in nng to thnh nng lng hm), tuy vy dng in hm s ln v trong ng dng c th phi lu hn ch dng in hm ny. S hnh 2.2 thc hin nhim v c nhim v khi ng, o chiu. Trong s c thm rle trung gian, hai rle tc (gn vi ng c), rle tc thun c tip im KT v rle tc ngc c tip im KN cc rle ny khi tc cao th cc tip im rle kn, tc thp th tip im rle h.

Khi khi ng chy thun n nt khi ng thun KT, tip im KT1 h ngn khng cho P c in, KT3 h ngn khng cho cun ht N c in, tip im KT2 kn cp in cho cun ht T, cc tip im T1... T3 kn cp in cho ng c chy thun, tip im T4 kn t duy tr, tip im T5 h cm cun N c in. Khi ang chy thun cn chy ngc n nt khi ng ngc KN, tip im KN1 h khng cho P c in, tip im KN2 h ct in cun ht T lm mt in ch chy thun, tip im KN3 kn cp in cho cun ht N cp in cho ch chy ngc, khi N ht tip im N4 kn t duy tr. Nu mun dng n nt dng D, cp in cho cun ht P, cun ht P ng tip im Pl t duy tr, h P2 ct ng ngun ang cp cho cun ht T hoc N, nhng lp tc P3 kn cun ht N hoc T li c cp in, nu khi trc ng c ang chy thun (cun T lm vic) tc ang ln th KT kn, cun N c cp in ng in cho ch chy ngc lm ng c dng nhanh, khi tc gim thp th KT m ct in cun ht N, ng c dng hn. 30

Khi cc rle nhit tc ng th ng c dng t do. 3. Khng ch ng c lng sc kiu i ni / c o chiu Vi mt s ng c khi lm vic nh mc ni th khi khi ng c th ni hnh sao lm in p t vo dy cun giml(do dng in khi ng gim. S hnh 2.3 cho php thc hin i ni Y c o chiu.

Hnh 2.3. Khng ch ng c lng sc kiu i ni / c o Trong s c khi ng t T ng in cho ch chy thun, khi ng t N ng in cho ch chy ngc, khi ng t S ng in cho ch khi ng hnh sao, khi ng t ng in cho ch chy tam gic. Rle thi gian Tg duy tr thi gian khi ng, c hai tip im Tg1 l tip im thng kn m chm thi gian t1, Tg2 l tip im thng m ng chm thi gian t2 vi t1 > t2. Khi cn khi ng thun n nt khi ng thun KT, tip im KT2 ngn khng cho cun N c in, tip im KT1 kn ng in cho cun thun T, T c in ng cc tip im T1...T3 a in p thun vo ng c, T4 ng t duy tr, T5 m ngn khng cho N c in, T6 ng cp in cho rle thi gian Tg, ng thi cp in ngay cho cun ht S, ng c khi ng kiu ni sao, tip im S5 m cha cho cun c in. Khi Tg c in, sau thi gian ngn t2 th Tg2 ng chun b cp in cho cun ht . Sau khong thi gian duy tr t1 tip im Tg1 m ra cun ht S mt in ct ch khi ng sao ca ng c, tip im S5 kn cp in cho cun ht , a ng c vo lm vic ch ni tam gic v t duy tr bng tip im 4 Khi cn o chiu (nu ang chy thun) n nt khi ng ngc KN, T mt in lm T6 m qu trnh li khi ng theo ch ni sao nh trn vi cun ht N, cc tip im N1 ... N3 i th t hai trong ba pha (i pha A v B cho nhau) lm chiu quay i chiu. 31

Khi mun ng n nt dng D, ng c dng t do. 2.3. Cc s khng ch ng c khng ng b rto dy qun Cc bin php khi ng v thay i tc nh ng c rto lng sc cng c th p dng cho ng c rto dy qun. Nhng nh vy khng tn dng c u im ca ng c rto dy qun l kh nng thay i dng khi ng cng nh thay i tc bng cch thay i in tr ph mc vo mch rto. Do , vi ng c rto dy qun gim dng khi khi ng cng nh thay i tc ng c ngi ta dng phng php thay i in tr ph mc vo mch rto. 1. Khi ng ng c rto dy qun theo nguyn tc thi gian Cch ny thng dng cho h thng c cng sut trung bnh v ln. S khng ch nh hnh 2.4. Trong s c 2 rle nhit RN1 v RN2 bo v qu ti cho ng c, hai rle thi gian 1Tg v 2Tg vi hai tip im thng m ng chm duy tr thi gian loi in tr ph mch rto. khi ng n nt khi ng K cp in cho cun ht K, cc tip im K,, K2, K3 ng cp in cho ng c, ng c khi ng vi hai cp in tr ph, tip im K4 ng t duy tr, tip im K5 ng cp in cho cc rle thi gian. Sau khong thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m ng chm 1Tg ng li cp in cho 1K loi in tr ph R2 ra khi mch rto, tip im 1K3 ng cp in cho rle thi gian 2Tg. Sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m ng chm 2Tg ng li cp in cho 2K loi nt in tr R1 khi mch khi ng, ng c lm vic trn c tnh c t nhin. Tip im 2K4 t duy tr, 2K5 ct in cc rle thi gian. Khi mun dng n nt dng D, ng c c ct khi li v dng t do.

Hnh 2.4. Khi ng ng c rto dy qun theo nguyn tc thi gian 32

2. Thay i tc ng c rto dy qun bng thay i in tr ph Trong cng nghip c nhiu my sn xut dng truyn ng ng c rto dy qun iu chnh tc nh cu trc, my cn.... v y thng dng thm khu hm ng nng dng my. Hm ng nng l cch hm s dng ng nng ca ng c ang quay to thnh nng lng hm. Vi ng c rto dy qun, mun hm ng nng th khi ct in phi ni cc cun dy stato vo in p mt chiu to thnh t thng kch thch cho ng c to m men hm. S nguyn l ca h thng nh hnh 2.5. ng c rto dy qun c th quay theo hai chiu, theo chiu thun nu 1S, 2S ng v theo chiu ngc nu 1S, 3S ng. Cng tc t H ng ngun mt chiu lc hm ng nng, cng tc t 1K, 2K ct in tr ph trong mch rto lm thay i tc ng c khi lm vic. Khi hm ng nng ton b in tr ph r1 v r2 c a vo mch rto hn ch dng in hm, cn in tr ph R trong mch mt chiu t gi tr mmen hm.

Hnh 2.5. Thay i tc ng c rto dy qun Trong h thng c b khng ch ch huy kiu chuyn mch c kh KC. B KC c nguyn l cu to l mt tr trn c kh, c th quay hai chiu, trn trc c gn cc tip im ng v kt hp vi cc tip im tnh to thnh cc cp tip im c ng ct tu thuc vo v tr quay ca tr. th ng m tip im ca b khng ch 33

KC c th hin trn hnh 2.5c. V d, v tr 0 ca b khng ch ch c tip im 12 ng, tt c cc v tr cn li ca cc tip im u ct hoc cp tip im 9- 1 0 s ng cc v tr 2, 3 bn tri v 2, 3 bn phi. Hot ng ca b khng ch nh sau: khi ng in cp ngun cho h thng. Ban u b khng ch c t v tr 0 cng tc t K c in, cc tip im K mch khng ch ng li, chun b cho h thng lm vic. Nu mun ng c quay theo chiu thun th quay b KC v pha tri, nu mun ng c quay ngc th quay b KC v pha phi. Gi thit quay b KC v v tr 2 pha tri, lc ny cc tip im 34, 5-6, 9-10 ca b KC kn, cc cun dy cng tc t 1S, 2S, 1K v cc rle thi gian 1Tg, 2Tg c in, cc tip im 1S, 2S mch ng lc ng li, cun dy stato c ng vo ngun 3 pha, tip im 1K trong mch rto ng li ct phn in tr ph r2 ra, ng c c khi ng v lm vic vi in tr ph r1 trong mch rto, tip im 1Tg m ra, 2Tg ng li chun b cho qu trnh hm ng nng khi dng. Nu mun dng ng c th quay b KC v v tr 0, cc cng tc t 1S, 2S, 1K v cc rle thi gian 1Tg, 2Tg mt in, ng c c ct khi ngun in 3 pha vi ton b in tr r1, r2 c a vo rto, ng thi tip im thng kn ng chm 1Tg ng li (ng chm mt thi gian ngn m bo h c ct khi li in), tip im thng m m chm 2Tg cha m (t2 > t1) cng tc t H c in tip im H1, H2 ng li cp ngun mt chiu cho stato ng c v ng c c hm ng nng. Sau thi gian chnh nh t2 tip im thng m m chm m ra tng ng vi tc ng c nh, cun dy H mt in, ngun mt chiu c ct khi cun dy stato, kt thc qu trnh hm ng nng. Trong thc t, ngi ta yu cu ngi vn hnh khi quay b khng ch KC qua mi v tr phi dng li mt thi gian ngn h thng lm vic an ton c v mt in v c. 2.4. Khng ch ng c in mt chiu Vi ng c in mt chiu khi khi ng cn thit phi gim dng khi ng. gim dng khi khi ng c th a thm in tr ph vo mch phn ng. Ngy nay nh k thut in t v tin hc pht trin ngi ta ch to cc b bin i mt chiu bng bn dn cng sut ln lm ngun trc tip cho ng c v iu khin cc b bin i ny bng mch s logic kh trnh. Cc b bin i ny ni trc tip vo ng c, vic khng ch khi ng, hm v iu chnh tc u thc hin bng cc mch s kh trnh rt thun tin v linh hot. Tuy nhin, mt s mch n gin vn c th dng s cc mch logic nh hnh 2.6. khi ng ng c n nt khi ng K lc cng tc t K c in, cc tip im thng m K, ng li cp in cho ng c vi 2 in tr ph, K2 ng li t duy tr, K3 ng li, K4 m ra lm rle thi gian 3Tg mt din, sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng ng ng chm 3Tg, ng li lm cng tc t 1K c in, ng tip im 1K1 loi in tr ph r2 khi mch ng c v lm rle thi gian 34

2Tg mt in, sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng ng ng chm 2Tg1 ng li cp in cho cng tc t 2K ng tip im 2K2 loi r1 ra khi mch ng lc qu trnh khi ng kt thc.

Hnh 2.6. Khng ch ng c in mt chiu dng ng c n nt dng D lc cng tc t K mt in, tip im K1 mch ng lc m ra ct phn ng ng c khi ngun in. ng thi tip im K2 K3 m ra lm rle thi gian 1 Tg mt in bt u tnh thi gian hm, K4 ng li lm cng tc t H c in ng tip im H1 a in tr hm Rh vo thc hin qu trnh hm. Sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m m chm 1 Tg1 m ra, cng tc t H mt in kt thc qu trnh hm, h thng khng ch v mch ng lc tr v trng thi ban u chun b cho ln khi ng sau.

35

PHN 2: IU KHIN LOGIC C LP TRNH (PLC)


CHNG 3: L LUN CHUNG V IU KHIN LOGIC LP TRNH PLC
3.1. M u S pht trin ca k thut iu khin t ng hin i v cng ngh iu khin logic kh trnh da trn c s pht trin ca tin hc m c th l s pht trin ca k thut my tnh. K thut iu khin logic kh trnh PLC (Programmable Logic Control) c pht trin t nhng nm 1968 -1970. Trong giai on u cc thit b kh trnh yu cu ngi s dng phi c k thut in t, phi c trnh cao. Ngy nay cc thit b PLC pht trin mnh m v c mc ph cp cao. Thit b iu khin logic lp trnh c PLC l dng thit b iu khin c bit da trn b vi x l, s dng b nh lp trnh c lu tr cc lnh v thc hin cc chc nng, chng hn cho php tnh logic, lp chui, nh gi, m, v cc thut ton iu khin my v cc qu trnh cng ngh. PLC c thit k cho cc k s, khng yu cu cao v kin thc my tnh v ngn ng my tnh, c th vn hnh. Chng c thit k cho cc nh k thut c th ci t hoc thay i chng trnh. V vy, cc nh thit k PLC phi lp trnh sn sao cho chng trnh iu khin c th nhp bng cch s dng ngn ng n gin (ngn ng iu khin). Thut ng logic c s dng v vic lp trnh ch yu lin quan n cc hot ng logic, v d nu c cc iu kin A v B th C lm vic... Ngi vn hnh nhp chng trnh (chui lnh) vo b nh PLC. Thit b iu khin PLC s gim st cc tn hiu vo v cc tn hiu ra theo chng trnh ny v thc hin cc quy tc iu khin c lp trnh. Cc PLC tng t my tnh, nhng my tnh c ti u ho cho cc tc v tnh ton v hin th, cn PLC c chuyn bit cho cc tc v iu khin v mi trng cng nghip. V vy cc PLC: + c thit k bn chu c rung ng, nhit, m v ting n, + C sn giao din cho cc thit b vo ra, + c lp trnh d dng vi ngn ng iu khin d hiu, ch yu gii quyt cc php ton logic v chuyn mch. V c bn chc nng ca b iu khin logic PLC cng ging nh chc nng ca b iu khin thit k trn c s cc rle cng tc t hoc trn c s cc khi in t l: + Thu thp cc tn hiu vo v cc tn hiu phn hi t cc cm bin, + Lin kt, ghp ni cc tn hiu theo yu cu iu khin v thc hin ng m 36

cc mch ph hp vi cng ngh, + Tnh ton v son tho cc lnh iu khin trn c s so snh cc thng tin thu thp c, + Phn pht cc lnh iu khin n cc a ch thch hp. Ring i vi my cng c v ngi my cng nghip th b PLC c th lin kt vi b iu khin s NC hoc CNC hnh thnh b iu khin thch nghi. Trong h thng ca cc trung tm gia cng, mi quy trnh cng ngh u c b PLC iu khin tp trung. 3.2. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt b PLC 1. Cu hnh phn cng B PLC thng dng c nm b phn c bn gm: b x l, b nh, b ngun, giao din vo/ra v thit b lp trnh. S h thng nh hnh 3.1 . 1.1 B x l B x l cn gi l b x l trung tm (CPU), l linh kin cha b vi x l. B x l bin dch cc tn hiu vo v thc hin cc hot ng iu khin theo chng trnh c lu trong b nh ca CPU, truyn cc quyt nh di dng tn hiu hot ng n cc thit b ra. Nguyn l lm vic ca b x l tin hnh theo tng bc tun t, u tin cc thng tin lu tr trong b nh chng trnh c gi ln tun t v c kim sot bi b m chng trnh. B x l lin kt cc tn hiu v a kt qu iu khin ti u ra. Chu k thi gian ny gi l thi gian qut (scan). Thi gian mt vng qut ph thuc vo dung lng ca b nh, vo tc ca CPU. Ni chung chu k mt vng qut nh hnh 3.2. S thao tc tun t ca chng trnh dn dn mt thi gian tr trong khi b m ca chng trnh i qua mt chu trnh y , sau bt u li t u.

37

nh gi thi gian tr ngi ta o thi gian qut ca mt chng trnh di 1K byte v coi l ch tiu so snh cc PLC. Vi nhiu loi PLC thi gian tr ny c th ti 20ms hoc hn. Nu thi gian tr gy tr ngi cho qu trnh iu khin th phi dng cc bin php c bit, chng hn nh lp li nhng ln gi quan trng trong thi gian mt ln qut, hoc l iu khin cc thng tin chuyn giao b bt i nhng ln gi t quan trng khi thi gian qut di ti mc khng th chp nhn c. Nu cc gii php trn khng tho mn th phi dng PLC c thi gian qut ngn hn. 1. 2. B ngun B ngun c nhim v chuyn i in p AC thnh in p thp cho b vi x l (thng l 5V) v cho cc mch in u ra hoc cc module cn li (thng l 24V). 1.3. Thit b lp trnh Thit b lp trnh c s dng lp cc chng trnh iu khin cn thit sau c chuyn cho PLC. Thit b lp trnh c th l thit b lp trnh chuyn dng, c th l thit b lp trnh cm tay gn nh, c th l phn mm c ci t trn my tnh c nhn. 1.4. B nh B nh l ni lu gi chng trnh s dng cho cc hot ng iu khin. Cc 38

dng b nh c th l RAM, ROM, EPROM. Ngi ta lun ch to ngun d phng cho RAM duy tr chng trnh trong trng hp mt in ngun, thi gian duy tr tu thuc vo tng PLC c th. B nh cng c th c ch to thnh module cho php d dng thch nghi vi cc chc nng iu khin c kch c khc nhau, khi cn m rng c th cm thm. 1.5. Giao din vo/ra Giao din vo l ni b x l nhn thng tin t cc thit b ngoi vi v truyn thng tin n cc thit b bn ngoi. Tn hiu vo c th t cc cng tc, cc b cm bin nhit , cc t bo quang in.... Tn hiu ra c th cung cp cho cc cun dy cng tc t, cc rle, cc van in t, cc ng c nh... Tn hiu vo/ra c th l tn hiu ri rc, tn hiu lin tc, tn hiu logic... Cc tn hiu vo/ra c th th hin nh hnh 3.3. Mi im vo ra c mt a ch duy nht c PLC s dng.

Hnh 3.3: Giao din vo/ra Cc knh vo/ra c cc chc nng cch ly v iu ho tn hiu sao cho cc b cm bin v cc b tc ng c th ni trc tip vi chng m khng cn thm mch in khc. Tn hiu vo thng c ghp cch in (cch ly) nh linh kin quang nh hnh 3.4. Di tn hiu nhn vo cho cc PLC c ln c th l 5v, 24v, 110v, 220v. Cc PLC c nh thng ch nhp tn hiu 24v.

Tn hiu ra cng c ghp cch ly, c th cch ly kiu rle nh hnh 3.5a, cch 39

ly kiu quang nh hnh 3.5b. Tn hiu ra c th l tn hiu chuyn mch 24v, 100mA; 110v, 1A mt chiu, thm ch 240v, 1A xoay chiu tu loi PLC. Tuy nhin, vi PLC c ln di tn hiu ra c th thay i bng cch la chn cc module ra thch hp.

2. Cu to chung ca PLC Cc PLC c hai kiu cu to c bn l: kiu hp n v kiu modulle ni ghp. Kiu hp n thng dng cho cc PLC c nh v c cung cp di dng nguyn chic hon chnh gm b ngun, b x l, b nh v cc giao din vo/ra. Kiu hp n thng vn c kh nng ghp ni c vi cc module ngoi m rng kh nng ca PLC. Kiu hp n nh hnh 3.6.

Kiu module ghp ni gm cc module ring cho mi chc nng nh module ngun, module x l trung tm, module ghp ni, module vo/ra, module m, module PID... cc module c lp trn cc rnh v dc kt ni vi nhau. Kiu cu to ny c th c s dng cho cc thit b iu khin lp trnh vi mi kch c, c nhiu b chc nng khc nhau c gp vo cc module ring bit. Vic s dng cc module tu thuc cng dng c th. Kt cu ny kh linh hot, cho php m rng s lng u ni vo/ra bng cch b sung cc module vo/ra hoc tng cng b nh bng cch tng thm cc n v nh.

40

3.3. Cc vn v lp trnh 1 Khi nim chung PLC c th s dng mt cch kinh t hay khng ph thuc rt ln vo thit b lp trnh. Khi trang b mt b PLC th ng thi phi trang b mt thit b lp trnh ca cng mt hng ch to. Tuy nhin, ngy nay ngi ta c th lp trnh bng phn mm trn my tnh sau chuyn sang PLC bng mch ghp ni ring. S khc nhau chnh gia b iu khin kh trnh PLC v cng ngh rle hoc bn dn l ch k thut nhp chng trnh vo b iu khin nh th no. Trong iu khin rle, b iu khin c chuyn i mt cch c hc nh u ni dy "iu khin cng", cn vi PLC th vic lp trnh c thc hin thng qua mt thit b lp trnh v mt ngoi vi chng trnh. C th ch ra quy trnh lp trnh theo gin hnh 3.8. lp trnh ngi ta c th s dng mt trong cc m hnh sau y:

Hnh 3.8. Quy trnh lp trnh + M hnh dy. + M hnh cc chc nng. + M hnh biu ni dy. + M hnh logic. Vic la chn m hnh no trong cc m hnh trn cho thch hp l tu thuc vo loi PLC v iu quan trng l chn c loi PLC no cho php giao lu tin li v trnh c chi ph khng cn thit. a s cc thit b PLC lu hnh trn th trng hin nay l dng m hnh dy hoc biu ni dy. Nhng PLC hin i cho php ngi dng chuyn t mt phng php nhp ny sang mt phng php nhp khc ngay trong qu trnh nhp. Trong thc t khi s dng biu ni dy th vic lp trnh c v n gin hn v n c cch th hin gn ging nh mch rle cng tc t. Tuy nhin, vi nhng ngi c sn nhng hiu bit c bn v ngn ng lp trnh th li cho rng dng m hnh dy d dng hn, ng thi vi cc mch c ln th dng m hnh dy c nhiu u im hn. 41

Mi nh ch to u c nhng thit k v phng thc thao tc thit b lp trnh ring, v th khi c mt loi PLC mi th phi c thi gian v cn phi c hun luyn lm quen vi n. 2. Cc phng php lp trnh T cc cch m t h t ng cc nh ch to PLC son tho ra cc phng php lp trnh khc nhau. Cc phng php lp trnh u c thit k n gin, gn vi cc cch m t c bit n. T ni chung c ba phng php lp trnh c bn l phng php bng lnh STL, phng php biu bc thang LAD v phng php lu iu khin CSF. Trong , hai phng php bng lnh STL v biu bc thang LAD c dng ph bin hn c. 2.1. Mt s k hiu chung Cu trc lnh Mt lnh thng c ba phn chnh v thng vit nh hnh 3.9 (c loi PLC c cch vit hi khc): 1. a ch tng i ca lnh (thng khi tp trnh thit b lp trnh t a ra). 2. Phn lnh l ni dung thao tc m PLC phi tc ng ln i tng ca lnh, trong lp trnh LAD th phn ny t th hin trn thanh LAD, khng c ghi ra. 3. i tng lnh, l phn m lnh tc ng theo yu cu iu khin, trong i tng lnh li c hai phn: 4. Loi i tng, c trng hp sau loi i tng c du ":", c cc loi i tng nh tn hiu vo, tn hiu ra, c (rle ni)... 5. Tham s ca i tng lnh xc nh c th i tng, cch ghi tham s cng ph thuc tng loi PLC khc nhau.

K hiu thng c trong mi lnh: Cc k hiu trong lnh, quy c cch vit vi mi quc gia c khc nhau, thm ch mi hng, mi thi ch to ca hng c th c cc k hiu ring. Tuy nhin, cch ghi chung nht cho mt s quc gia l: M: + K hiu u vo l I (In), u ra l Q (out trnh nhm O l khng). + Cc lnh vit gn ting Anh v d ra l out. + Lnh ra (gn) l out. + Tham s ca lnh dng c s 10. 42

+ Pha trc i tng lnh c du %. + Gia cc s ca tham s khng c du chm. V d: AND% I09; out%Q10. Nht: + u vo k hiu l X, u ra k hiu l Y. + Cc lnh hu nh c vit tt t ting Anh. + Lnh ra (gn) l out. + Tham s ca lnh dng c s 8. V d: A X 10; out Y 07 Ty c + u vo k hiu l I, u ra k hiu l Q. + Cc lnh hu nh c vit tt t ting Anh. + Lnh ra (gn) l = + Tham s ca lnh dng c s 8. + Gia cc s ca tham s c du chm phn bit khe v knh. V d: A I 1.0; = Q 0.7. Ngoi cc k hiu kh chung nh trn th mi hng cn c cc k hiu ring, c b lnh ring. Ngay cng mt hng cc thi ch to khc nhau cng c c im khc nhau vi b lnh khc nhau. Do , khi s dng PLC th mi loi PLC phi tm hiu c th hng dn s dng ca n. Mt s k hiu khc nhau vi cc lnh c bn c th hin r trn bng 3.1. 2.2. Phng php hnh thang LAD (Ladder Logic) Phng php hnh thang c dng ca biu nt bm. Cc phn t c bn ca phng php hnh thang l: + Tip im: thng m Thng kn + Cun dy (m t cc rle) + Hp (m t cc hm khc nhau, cc lnh c bit) Bng 3.1
IEC 1131-3 Misubishi OMRON Siemens Telemec- Spreher anique v Schuh Ch thch

LD LDN AND

LD LDI AND

LD

L LN A

STR STR NOT AND

Khi u vi tip im thng m Khi u vi tip im thng kn Phn t ni tip c tip im m

LD NOT AN AND A

43

IEC 1131-3

Misubishi OMRON Siemens

Telemec- Spreher anique v Schuh

Ch thch

ANDN O ORN ST

ANI OR ORI OUT

AND NOT OR

AN O

AN O ON =

AND NOT OR

Phn t ni tip c tip im kn Phn t song song c tiu im m

OR NOT ON OUT =

OR NOT Phn t song song c tip im kn OUT Ly tn hiu ra

Mng LAD l ng ni cc phn t thnh mt mch hon chnh, theo th t t tri sang phi, t trn xung di. Qu trnh qut ca PLC cng theo th t ny. Mi mt nc thang xc nh mt s hot ng ca qu trnh iu khin. Mt s LAD c nhiu nc thang. Trn mi phn t ca biu hnh thang LAD c cc tham s xc nh tu thuc vo k hiu ca tng hng sn xut PLC. V d: Mt nc ca phng php hnh thang nh hnh 3.10.

Hnh 3.10. Phng php lp trnh thang LAD Hnh 3.10a l kiu k hiu ca Misubishi (Nht) Hnh 3.10b l kiu k hiu ca Siemens (Ty c) Hnh 3.10c l k hiu ca Allen Bradley 2.3. Phng php lit k 1nh STL (Statement List) Phng php STL gn vi biu logic. phng php ny cc lnh c lit k th t. Tuy nhin, phn bit cc on chng trnh ngi ta thng dng cc m nh, mi m nh tng ng vi mt nc thang ca biu hnh thang. khi u mi on (tng ng nh khi u mt nc thang) khi lp lun s dng cc lnh khi u nh LD, L, A, O... (bng 3.l). Kt thc mi on thng l lnh gn cho u ra, u ra c th l u ra cho thit b ngoi vi c th l u ra cho cc rle ni. V d: Mt on STL ca PLC S5 (Siemens)

44

Mt on STL ca PLC S7-200 (Siemens) 0 LD I 0.1 1 A I 0.2 3 = Q 1.0 Mt on STL ca PLC MELSEC Fl (Nht) 0 LD X 400 1 O X 403 2 ANI X 404 3 OUT Y 433 Mt on STL ca CPM1A (OMRON) 0 LD 1 OR 3 AND 000.01 010.00 000.03

2 AND NOT 000.00 4 OUT 010.00 2.4. Phng php lu iu khin CSF (Control System Flow) Phng php lu iu khin CSF trnh by cc php ton logic vi cc k hiu ho c tiu chun ho nh hnh 3.15. Phng php lu iu khin thch hp vi ngi quen vi php tnh iu khin bng i s Boo1e.

Hnh 3.15. Phng php lp trnh CSF 3. Cc rle ni Trong cc loi PLC c nhiu thut ng dng ch cc linh kin loi ny, v d: rle ph, b vch du, c hiu, lu tr bt, bt nh... y l linh kin cung cp cc chc nng c bit gn lin vi PLC v c dng ph bit trong lp trnh. Rle ni ny tng t nh cc rle trung gian trong s rle cng tc t. Rle ni cng c coi l cc u ra nhn cc lnh gn u ra, nhng thc cht u ra ny khng a ra ngoi (khng phi thit b ngoi vi) m ch nm ni ti trong PLC. PLC nh c th c ti hng trm rle ni, cc rle ni u c nui bng ngun d phng khi mt in. Mt s k hiu cc rle ni: 45

Hng Misubishi Siemens TelemecaniQue Toshiba Bradley

Tn gi Rle ph hoc b nh du C hiu Bt Rle ni Lu tr bt

K hiu M F C B R B

V d M100; M101 F0.0; F0.1 C001; C002 B0; B1 R000; R001 B3/001 ; B3/002

Sprecher v Schuh Cun dy

V d: S dng rle ni (ca Misibishi) 0 LD X 400 1 OR X 403 2 ANI X 404 3 OUT M 100 4 LD M 100 5 AND X 401 6 OUTY 433 4. Cc rle thi gian Trong cc h thng iu khin lun lun phi s dng rle thi gian duy tr thi gian cho qu trnh iu khin. Trong cc PLC ngi ta cng gn cc rle thi gian vo trong . Tuy nhin, thi gian y c xc nh nh ng h trong CPU. Cc rle thi gian cng c cc tn gi khc nhau nhng thng gi nht l b thi gian (Time). Cc nh sn xut PLC khng thng nht v cch lp trnh cho cc rle thi gian ny. Mi loi PLC (thm ch trong cng hng) cng c cc k hiu v cch lp trnh rt khc nhau cho rle thi gian. S lng rle thi gian trong mi PLC cng rt khc nhau. im chung nht i vi cc rle thi gian l cc hng u coi rle thi gian l cc u ra ni, do rle thi gian l u ra ca nc thang, hay ca mt on chng trnh. 5. Cc b m B m cho php m tn sut xut hin tn hiu vo. B m c th c dng trong trng hp m cc sn phm di chuyn trn bng chuyn v s sn phm xc nh cn chuyn vo thng. B m c th m s vng quay ca trc, hoc s ngi i qua ca. Cc b m ny c ci t sn trong PLC. C hai loi b m c bn l b m tin v b m li. Cc nh sn xut PLC cng s dng cc b m theo nhng cch khc nhau. Tuy nhin, cng nh cc b thi gian, b m cng c coi l u ra ca PLC v y cng l u ra ni, xut tn 46

hiu ra ngoi phi qua u ra ngoi vi (c chn ni ra ngoi PLC). 3.4. nh gi u nhc im ca PLC Trc y, b PLC thng rt t, kh nng hot ng b hn ch v quy trnh lp trnh phc tp. V nhng l do m PLC ch c dng trong nhng nh my v cc thit b c bit. Ngy nay do gim gi lin tc, km theo tng kh nng ca PLC dn n kt qu l ngy cng c p dng rng ri cho cc thit b my mc. Cc b PLC n khi vi 24 knh u vo v 16 knh u ra thch hp vi cc my tiu chun n, cc trang thit b lin hp. Cn cc b PLC vi nhiu kh nng ng dng v la chn c dng cho nhng nhim v phc tp hn. C th k ra cc u im ca PLC nh sau: + Chun b vo hot ng nhanh: Thit k kiu module cho php thch nghi nhanh vi mi chc nng iu khin. Khi c lp ghp th PLC sn sng lm vic ngay. Ngoi ra n cn c s dng li cho cc ng dng khc d dng. + tin cy cao: Cc linh kin in t c tui th di hn cc thit b c-in. tin cy ca PLC ngy cng tng, bo dng nh k thng khng cn thit cn vi mch rle cng tc t th vic bo dng nh k l cn thit. + D dng thay i chng trnh: Nhng thay i chng trnh c tin hnh n gin. sa i h thng iu khin v cc quy tc iu khin ang c s dng, ngi vn hnh ch cn nhp tp lnh khc, gn nh khng cn mc ni li dy (tuy nhin, c th vn phi ni li nu cn thit). Nh h thng rt linh hot v hiu qu. + nh gi nhu cu n gin: Khi bit cc u vo v cc u ra th c th nh gi c kch c yu cu ca b nh hay di chng trnh. Do , c th d dng v nhanh chng la chn PLC ph hp vi cc yu cu cng ngh t ra. + Kh nng ti to: Nu dng nhiu PLC vi quy cch k thut ging nhau th chi ph lao ng s gim thp hn nhiu so vi b iu khin rle, l do gim phn ln lao ng lp rp. + Tit kim khng gian: PLC i hi t khng gian hn so vi b iu khin rle tng ng. + C tnh cht nhiu chc nng: PLC c u im chnh l c th s dng cng mt thit b iu khin c bn cho nhiu h thng iu khin. Ngi ta thng dng PLC cho cc qu trnh t ng linh hot v d dng thun tin trong tnh ton, so snh cc gi tr tng quan, thay i chng trnh v thay i cc thng s. + V gi tr kinh t: Khi xt v gi tr kinh t ca PLC phi cp n s lng u ra v u vo. Quan h v gi thnh vi s lng u vo/ra c dng nh hnh 3.17. Trn hnh 3.17 th hin, nu s lng u vo/ra qu t th h rle t ra kinh t hn, nhng khi s lng u vo/ra tng ln th h PLC kinh t hn hn.

47

Khi tnh n gi c ca PLC th khng th khng k n gi ca cc b phn ph khng th thiu nh thit b lp trnh, my in, bng ghi... c vic o to nhn vin k thut. Ni chung nhng phn mm thit k lp trnh cho cc mc ch c bit l kh t. Ngy nay nhiu hng ch to PLC cung cp chn b ng gi phn mm c th nghim, nhng vic thay th, sa i cc phn mm l nhu cu khng th trnh khi, do , vn cn thit phi c k nng phn mm. Phn b gi c cho vic lp t mt PLC thng nh sau: - 50% cho phn cng ca PLC. - 10% cho thit k khun kh chng trnh. - 20% cho son tho v lp trnh. - 15% cho chy th nghim. - 5% cho ti liu. Vic lp t mt PLC tip theo ch bng khong 1/2 gi thnh ca b u tin, ngha l hu nh ch cn chi ph phn cng. C th so snh h iu khin rle v h iu khin PLC nh sau: H rle: + Nhiu b phn c chun ho. + t nhy cm vi nhiu. + Kinh t vi cc h thng nh. - Thi gian lp t lu. - Thay i kh khn - Kh theo di v kim tra cc h thng ln, phc tp. - Cn bo qun thng xuyn. - Kch thc ln. H PLC + Thay i d dng qua cng ngh phch cm. + Lp t n gin. + Thay i nhanh quy trnh iu khin. + Kch thc nh. + C th ni vi mng my tnh. - Gi thnh cao B thit b lp trnh thng t, s dng t.

48

CHNG 4: B IU KHIN PLC CPM1A


4.l. Cu hnh cng 1. Cu to ca h PLC CPM1A PLC CPM1A thuc h OMRON do Nht bn sn xut. y l loi PLC n khi c th lp ghp thm cc module v lp ghp nhiu PLC vi nhau. n v c bn ca PLC CPM1A nh hnh 4.1 .

Trong : 1. Cc n bo h thng: + n PWR (xanh): bo ngun, + n RUN (xanh): PLC ang ch chy hoc kim tra, (n tt th PLC ang ch lp trnh hoc c li), + n ERR/ALM (): + Sng: C li, PLC khng hot ng, + Nhp nhy, hoc tt: PLC ang hot ng, + COMM (da cam): D liu ang c truyn ti cng ngoi vi. 2. Cng ghp ni vi my tnh hoc thit b lp trnh (c np y). 3. Cc n ch th v a ch ra, (sng nu c tn hiu ra). 4. Chn ni cho u ra (c np y). 5. Cc n ch th v a ch vo, (sng nu c tn hiu vo). 6. Chn ni cho u vo (c np y). 2. Cc thng s k thut 2.1. Cc loi CPM1A 49

Trong h CPM1A c cc PLC sau:


M hiu CPM1A-10CDR-A CPM1A-10CDR-D CPM1A-20CDR-A CPM1A-20CDR-D CPM1A-30CDR-A CPM1A-30CDR-D CPM1A-40CDR-A CPM1A-40CDR-D Ngun cung cp AC DC AC DC AC AD AC DC S u vo S u ra Tng s I/O 6 12 18 24 4 8 12 16 10 20 30 40

2.2. Thng s chung


Mc in p cung cp Phm vi in p Tiu th in Dng in Ngun cp ra (ch c kiu AC) in tr cch ly Kiu AC Kiu DC Kiu AC Kiu DC Kiu AC Kiu DC p dng 10-u I/O 20-u I/O 30-u I/O 40-u I/O 100 n 240v AC, 50/60 Hz 24v DC 85 n 264 v AC 20,4 n 26,4v DC max 30 VA max 60 VA max 6 W max 20 W max 30 A max 60 A 24 VDC 200 mA 300 mA 20 M min. (ti 500v DC) gia cc AC v cc tip a. 147m/s2 (20G) ba ln mi chiu X, Y v Z Nhit lm vic: 0 n 55Co Nhit bo qun: -20 n 75Co 10% to 90% (with no condensation) Khng lm vic trong mi trng kh t Kiu AC: min 10ms; Kiu DC: min 2ms. (Thi gian gin on tnh khi ngun nh hn 85% nh mc) Max 400 g Max 500 g Max 600 g Max 700 g Max 300 g Max 400 g Max 500 g Max 600 g

bn xung lc Nhit mi trng m mi trng Mi trng lm vic Thi gian cho gin on ngun Trong lng Kiu AC CPU Kiu DC

2.3 Cc c trng
Mc di lnh Kiu lnh Thi gian thc hin Dung lng chng trnh Vo ra cc Ch CPU i C module m rng 10 - u I/O 20 - u I/O 30 - u I/O 40 - u I/O T 1 n 5 t cho 1 lnh Lnh c bn: 14; lnh c bit: 77 kiu, tng 135 lnh Lnh c bn: 0,72 n 16,2 s Lnh c bit: 12,375 s (lnh MOV) 2.048 t (Words) 6 input 12 input 18 input 24 input 4 output 8 output 12 output 16 output ------54 input 60 input 36 output 40 output

50

Mc Vo dng bt Ra dng bt T bt (vng IR ) Bt c bit (vng SR) Bt nh tm thi (vng TR) Bt gi (vng HR) Bt b tr (Vng AR) Bt lin kt (vng LR) Timers/Cunters

10 - u I/O 20 - u I/O 30 - u I/O 40 - u I/O 00000 n 00915 (Words 0 n 9) 01000 n 01915 (Words 10 to 19) 5 1 2 bts : IR20000 to 23115 (words IR 200 to IR 231 ) 384 bts: SR 23200 to 25515 (words SR 232 to IR 255) 8 bts (TR0 to TR7) 320 bts: HR 0000 to HR 1915 (words HR 00 to HR 19) 256 bts:AR 0000 to AR 1515 (words AR 00 to AR 15) 256 bts : LR 0000 to LR 1515 (words LR 00 to LR 15 ) 128 Timers/counters (TIM/CNT 000 to TIM/CNT 127) 100 - ms Timers: TIM 000 to TIM 127 10 - ms Timers: TIM 00 to TIM 127 Read/write: 1.024 words (DM 0000 to DM 1023 ) Read-only: 512 words (DM 6144 to DM 6655) 2 im (thi gian phn ng: 4 im (thi gian phn ng: Max 0,3 ms.) Max: 0,3 ms) HR, AR, S liu trong vng nh ni dung v s m c bo v khi ngun b gin on. T in d phng: s liu nh (c/vit), bt gi, bt nh b tr, b m (20 ngy trong iu kin nhit 25oC) CPU b hng, I/O li ng dn, li b nh. Khng c lnh kt thc, li ca chng trnh (lin tc kim tra trong thi gian lm vic) 1 b: 5 kHz 1 pha, hoc 2.5 kHz 2 pha Kiu tng dn: 0 n 65.535 (16 bts) Kiu tng/gim: -32.767 n 32.767 (16 bts) C th t 1 ms, 2 ms, 4 ms, 8 ms, 16 ms, 32 ms, 64 ms, hoc 128 ms 2 ng (0 n 200 BCD)

Nh d liu X l ngt Bo v b nh Sao lu b nh Chc nng t chun on Chng trnh kim tra B m tc cao

Nhp hng s thi gian t tn hiu analog

2.4. Cu trc vng nh


D liu IR vo Ra lm vic SR T (words) IR 000 n IR 009 (10 words) IR 010 n IR 019 (10 words) Ir 200 n IR 231 (32 words) SR 232 n SR 255 (24 words) --Bt IR 00000 n IR 00915 (160 bts ) IR 01000 n IR 01915 (160 bts) Ir 20000 n IR to 23 115 (5 2 bts) SR 23200 n 25515 (384 bts) Chc nng Cc bt ny c th lm vic vng vo ra m rng

TR

Cc t bt ny c th s dng tu trong chng trnh Nhng bt ny phc v cho chc nng c bit nh c v bt iu khin. TR 0 n TR 7 (8 bts) Bt ny c s dng trng thi ng m trong chng trnh phn nhnh

51

D liu HR Ar

T (words) HR 00 n HR 19 (20 words) AR 00 n HR 15 (1 6 words)

LR Timer/ couter DM c /vit

Ghi li Ch c Ci t PC

Chc nng Nhng bt ny lu gi trng thi ng m khi mt ngun ngoi. Nhng bt ny phc v cho chc nng c bit nh c v bt iu khin. LR 00 n LR 15 (16 LR 00000 n LR S dng kt ni vi PC khc words) 1515 (256 bts ) TC 000 n TC 127 (timer/counter) S ging nhau s dng cho c thu v couter. DM l d liu ch truy cp dng DM 0000 DM 0999 --t (words). Cc d liu dng t DM 1022 DM 1023 (words) c ct gi khi mt (1,002 words) ngun. DM 1000 n DM --S dng ghi thi gian s c 1021 (22 words) v li xut hin. T y c th c/ghi khi li xut hin. DM 6144 n DM - Khng th ghi ln chng 6599 (456 words) trnh Di 6600 n DM 6655 s dng n nhiu vng tham s (%6 words) iu khin lm vic ca PC

Bt HR 0000 dn HR 1915 (320 bts) AR 0000 n HR 1515 (256 bts)

Ch : 1. Bt IR v LR khi cha s dng cho cc chc nng chnh th c th s dng nh bt lm vic. 2. Ni dung ca vng HR, LR, Counter, v vng c/ghi DM c th c lu gi bng t in nhit 25oC, vi thi gian 20 ngy. 3. Khi truy nhp cc s PV, TC th d liu dng t (words), khi truy cp vo c th d liu dng bt. 4. D liu trong DM 6144 n DM 6655 khng th ghi t chng trnh nhng c th thay i t thit b ngoi "Peripheral Device". 2.5. Cc vo ra - cc bt vng IR cho vo ra m rng Bng sau cho bit cc bt vng IR dng cho module vo ra m rng ca CPM1A v cc loi module m rng.
S vo/ra ca CPU im ni CPU (a im ni vng m ch) rng (a ch) Vo Ra Vo Ra im: 6 im: 4 --00000 01000 --01003 00005 12 im: 8 im : 00000 01000 00011 01007 ----Ngun AC DC AC DC S module CPM1A-10CDR-A CPM1A-10CDR-D CPM1A-20CDR-A CPM1A-20CDR-D

10

20

52

S vo/ra ca CPU

30

40

im ni CPU (a ch) Vo Ra 18 im: 12 im: 00000 01000 00011 01007 00100 01100 00105 01103 20 im: 16 im : 00000 01000 00011 11007 00100 01100 00111 01107

im ni vng m rng (a ch) Vo Ra 36 im: 24 im: 00200 01200 00211 01207 00300 01300 00311 01307 00400 01400 00411 01407

Ngun AC DC

S module CPM1A-30CDR-A CPM1A-30CDR-D

AC DC

CPM1A-40CDR-A CPM1A-40CDR-D

4.2. Ghp ni PLC CPM1A c th ghp ni vi 32 b PLC cng loi thnh h thng. lp trnh cho PLC th c th ghp ni n vi thit b lp trnh cm tay, b lp trnh chuyn dng hoc my tnh tng thch. 1. Ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh cm tay: Ni trc tip cp ca thit b cm tay vo PLC nh hnh 4.2.

Hnh 4.2. Ghp ni PLC vi thit b lp trnh cm tay 2. Ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh chuyn dng hoc my tnh tng thch

Khi ghp ni vi my tnh tng thch ngi ta dng cp ni chun RS-232C v 53

b phi hp RS-232 (hoc RS-422) hoc cp chuyn i loi CQMI-CIF02. Ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh chuyn dng nh hnh 4.3. PLC c ghp ni vi cng ni tip (COM) ca my tnh. 3. Ghp ni nhiu PLC v my tnh C th ghp thnh h thng nh ni cc PLC - CPM1A vi nhau, s PLC CPM1A c th ghp ti a l 32, h thng ny c th ni vi my tnh tng thch, s nh hnh 4.4. Chiu di ln nht cho php ca cp RS-422 l 500 m. PLC - CPM 1 A

Hnh 4.4. Ghp ni nhiu PLC 4.3. Ngn ng lp trnh 1. Cu trc chng trnh PLC CPM1A Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC CPM1A c th c vit dng n khi hoc a khi. Chng trnh n khi Chng trnh n khi ch vit cho cc cng vic t ng n gin, cc lnh c vit tun t trong mt khi. Khi vit chng trnh n khi ngi ta dng khi OBI. B PLC qut khi theo chng trnh, sau khi qut n lnh cui cng n quay tr li lnh u tin. Chng trnh a khi (c cu trc) Khi nhim v t ng ho phc tp ngi ta chia chng trnh iu khin ra thnh tng phn ring gi l khi. Chng trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khi kia. Chng trnh ang thc hin khi ny c th dng lnh gi khi sang lm vic 54

vi khi khc, sau khi kt thc cng vic khi mi n quay v thc hin tip chng trnh tm dng khi c. 2. Bng lnh ca PLC PCM1A Xem phn "Bng lnh" ph lc 2 3. Lp trnh cc lnh logic c bn ca PLC PCM1A Vi PLC ny c: 12 u vo vi a ch xc nh t 000.00 n 000.11. 8 u ra vi a ch xc nh t 010.00 n 010.07. Khi lp trnh phn mm lp trnh t hiu cc a ch trn, khng cn a khi nim phn bit vo/ra. Nu a thm khi nim vo/ra (X/Y) phn mm s khng chp nhn. Kt thc chng trnh phi c lnh kt thc END chng trnh mi chy. 3.1. Lnh AND Lp trnh dng LAD (c th lp trnh dng STL v kim tra li dng LAD). LD AND AND OUT 000.00 000.03 000.04 010.00

+ Xem li chng trnh t biu tng (phn ph lc 1) + Chn trng thi MONITOR hoc trng thi PROGRAM (STOP/PRG) nh Shift + F10 hoc biu tng "PLC Mode". chng trnh sang PLC t biu tng hoc t ng dn (nh ph lc l). + Chn trng thi MONITOR hoc trng thi RUN nh Shift + F10 hoc biu tng "PLC Mode" chy chng trnh. 3.2. Lnh AND NOT Dng STL LD AND NOT AND OUT END 3.3. Lnh OR: Dng SLT LD OR OR 000.03 000.04 000.05 55 000.03 000.00 000.04 010.00

OUT END

010.02

3.4. Lnh OR NOT Dng STL LD OR OUT END 3. 5. Lnh OR gia hai 1nh AND Dng STL LD AND LD AND OR LD OUT END 3.6. Lnh thi gian tr Dng STL LD TIM LD OUT END Ch : + Trong lnh (TIM 000 #010) lot s u ch s hiu ca rle thi gian (rle thi gian s 0), lot s th hai ch thi gian t (10s) + Khi u vo 000.03 c gi tr 1 th b thi gian bt u tnh thi gian, khi 10s th b thi gian cho gi tr ra, tc u ra 010.00 c gi tr 1. 3.7. B m LD LD 56 000.03 000.00 000.03 000 010.00 #010 TIM000 010.00 000.03 000.04 000.05 000.06 00.03 000.05 010.02 OR NOT 00.04

CNT000 LD END Ch : OUT010.00

#005

CNT000

+ u vo th nht (000.03) l u vo m, mi khi u vo ny nhn gi tr 1 th b m m mt ln. + u vo th hai (000.00) l u vo reset b m, khi u vo ny nhn gi tr 1 th b m b reset v trng thi ban u. + Trong lnh (CNT 001 #0051 lot s u ch s hiu ca b m (b m s 1 lot s th hai ch s m t (5 s), khi u vo 000.03 t 5 ln gi tr 1 th b m cho gi tr ra, tc u ra 010.00 c gi tr 1.

57

CHNG 5: B IU KHIN PLC - S5


5.l. Cu to ca h PLC Step5 PLC Step 5 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi PLC hn hp va n khi va a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c bn sau c th ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi, c cc module m rng tiu chun S5-100U. Nhng module ngoi ny bao gm nhng n v chc nng m c th l hp li cho ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut c th. 1. n v c bn n v c bn ca PLC S5- 95U nh hnh 5.1.

Trong : 1. Ngn c quy, 2. Cng tc m in c quy, 3. Cng tt m ngun, 4. Bng cm v n bo cho u vo v ra logic, c: 16 u vo t I32.0 n I33.7; 16 u ra t Q32.0 n Q33.7, 5. u ni ngun 24v cho khi c bn, 6. Giao din cho u vo b ngt IW59.0 n IW59.3 v u vo b m IW36 n IW38, 7. Giao din ni tip vi my lp trnh hoc my tnh, 8. Giao din tip nhn module nh ngoi, 9. Giao din cho u vo ra analog, 10. Cng tc chn ch RUN, STOP, 58

11. n bo ch STOP, 12. n bo ch RUN, 13. n bo li. 2. Cc module vo ra m rng Khi qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u v u ra nhiu hn s lng sn c trn n v c bn hoc khi cn nhng chc nng c bit th c th m rng n v c bn bng cch g thm cc module ngoi. Ti a c th g thm 8 module vo ra qua 8 v tr c sn trn panen v pha phi. Thng Step 5 s dng cc module m rng: + Module vo, ra s duy tr, + Module vo, ra s khng duy tr ly t S5-100U, + Module vo, ra tng t khng duy tr ly t S5-100U, + Module thng tin khng duy tr CCP. * Quy c cc chn ca module m rng nh hnh 5.2. + Chn l: Dng ngun (L+), + Chn 2: m ngun (M), + Chn 4: Knh s 0, + Chn 3: Knh s 1, + Chn 6: Knh s 2, + Chn 5 : Knh s 3, + Chn 8: Knh s 4, + Chn 7: Knh s 5, + Chn 1 0 : Knh s 6 + Chn 9: Knh s 7. 5.2. a ch v gn a ch Trong PLC cc a ch cn gi thng tin n hoc ly thng tin i u phi c a ch lin lc. a ch l con s hoc t hp cc con s i theo sau ch ci. Ch ci ch loi a ch, con s hoc t hp con s ch s hiu a ch. Trong PLC c nhng b phn c gn a ch n nh b thi gian (T), b m (C) v c (F), ch cn mt trong 3 ch ci km theo mt s l , v d: T1, C32, F6... Cc a ch u vo v u ra cng vi cc module chc nng c a ch phc, cch gn a ch ging nhau. Xt cch gn a ch cho cc u vo, ra. C hai loi u vo ra: + u vo ra trn khi c bn (gn lin vi CPU), cc u vo ra ny c a ch 59

khng i, vi S5-95U l I32.0 n I33.7, Q32.0 n Q33.3, + u vo ra trn cc module m rng th a ch ph thuc vo v tr lp t ca module trn panen. Ch lp module trn panen gi l khe (slot), cc khe u c nh s, khe s 0 ng lin vi n v c bn v c th tip tc. 1. a ch vo/ra trn module s Khi lp module s vo ra ln mt khe no lp tc n c mang s hiu ca khe . Trn mi module th mi u vo ra l mt knh, cc knh u c nh s. a ch ca mi u vo ra l s ghp ca s hiu khe v knh, s hiu khe ng trc, s hiu knh ng sau, gia hai s c du chm. S hiu khe v knh nh hnh 5. 3 . V d: a ch ca knh s 2 trn module cm vo khe s 0 l 0.2. Khe s: n v c bn 0 1 2 3 ... 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 : : : : 7 7 7 7 Hnh 5.3. S hiu khe v knh trn module s Mi u vo ra trn module s ch th hin c ti mt thi im mt trong hai trng thi "1" hoc "0". Nh vy, mi knh ca module s ch c biu din bng mt bt s liu, v vy a ch ca knh trn module s cn c gi l a ch bt, mi module mang nhiu knh tc l cha nhiu bt, thng l 8 bt hay mt byte, v vy a ch khe cn gi l a ch byte. Module s c th c lp trn bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC. 2. a ch vo ra trn module tng t din t mt gi tr tng t phi cn nhiu bt. Trong PLC S5 ngi ta dng 16 bt (mt word). Cc lnh tng t c th c gn a ch byte hoc a ch word khi dng lnh np hoc truyn. Ch c th lp module tng t vo khe 0 n 7. Mi khe c 4 knh, mi knh mang 2 a ch nh s l 64 + 65 (u khe 0) n 126 + 127 (cui khe 7) nh hnh 5.4. Nh vy, mi knh mang a ch ring khng km theo a ch khe, c a ch knh l bit n nm khe no. V d: Mt module tng t lp vo khe s 2 trn knh s 0 mang a ch byte 80 v 81. Khe s: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 112+113 114+115 116+117 118+119 120+121 122+123 124+125 126+127 n 64+65 72+73 80+81 88+89 96+97 l04+l05 v c 66+67 74+75 82+83 90+91 98+99 106+107 bn 68+69 76+77 84+85 92+93 100+l01 l08+l09 70+ 71 78+79 86+87 94+95 102+103 110+111 Hnh 5.4. a ch module tng t 60

Ch : Cc khe trng bao gi cng c trng thi tn hiu "0". 5.3. Vng i tng
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Tn tham s ACCUM 1 ACCUM2 BN C CC0/CC1 D DB DL DR DW F FB FW FY I IB Iw KB KC KF KH KM KS KT KY OB PB PB/PY PII PIQ c quy 1 c quy 2 Hng s byte B m - C nh - Khng nh -127 n 127 0 n 7 8 n 127 0.0 n 255.15 2 n 255 0 n 255 0 n 225 0 n 255 0.0 n 63.7 64.0 n 255.7 0 n 255 0 n 62 64 n 254 0 n 63 64 n 255 0.0 n 127.7 0 n 127 0 n 126 0 n 255 0 n 999 -32768 n 32677 0000 n FFFF Mi byte 16 bt 2 k t ASCII 0.0 dn 999.3 0 n 255 cho mi byte Din gii Vng tham s

M iu kin 1 v m iu kin 2 S liu dng bt Khi s liu T (word) d liu tri T (word) d liu phi T (word) d liu C Khi hm T (word) c - C nh - Khng nh T (word) byte - C nh - Khng nh u vo bt u vo byte u vo t (word) Hng s 1 byte Hng s m Hng s Hng s dng c s 16 Hng s bt dng byte Hng s cho k t Hng s cho thi gian Hng s - C nh - Khng nh

Khi t chc (khi c bit: 1, 3, 13, 21, 0 n 255 31, 34, 251) Khi chng trnh m ngoi vi vo ra B m u vo B m u ra 0 n 255 0 n 127

61

TT 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

Tn tham s PW Q QB QW RS SB T u ra bt

Din gii m ngoi vi dng t (word) u ra dng byte u ra dng t (word) Vng s liu h thng Khi dy B thi gian

Vng tham s 0 n 125 0.0 n 127.7 0 n 127 0 n 125 0 n 255 0 n 255 0 n 127

5.4. Cu trc ca chng trnh S5 1. Cu trc chng trnh Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S5 c th c vit dng n khi hoc a khi. Chng trnh n khi Chng trnh n khi ch vit cho cc cng vic t ng n gin, cc lnh c vit tun t trong mt khi. Khi vit chng trnh n khi ngi ta dng khi OBI. B PLC qut khi theo chng trnh, sau khi qut n lnh cui cng n quay tr li lnh u tin. Chng trnh a khi (c cu trc) Khi nhim v t ng ho phc tp ngi ta chia chng trnh iu khin ra thnh tng phn ring gi l khi. Chng trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khi kia. Chng trnh ang thc hin khi ny c th dng lnh gi khi sang lm vic vi khi khc, sau khi kt thc cng vic khi mi n quay v thc hin tip chng trnh tm dng khi c. Ngi lp trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khi kia thnh lp, ti a l 16 lp Nu s lp vt qu gii hn th PLC t ng v trng thi ban u. 2. Khi v on (Block and Segment) Cu trc mi khi gm c: + u khi gm tn khi, s hiu khi v xc nh chiu di khi. + Thn khi: Th hin ni dung khi v c chia thnh on (Segment) thc hin tng cng on ca qu trnh t ng ho sn xut. Mi on li bao gm mt s dng lnh phc v vic gii bi ton logic. Kt qu ca php ton logic c gi vo RLO (Result of logic operation). Vic phn chia chng trnh thnh cc on cng nh hng n RLO. Khi bt u mt on mi th to ra mt gi tr RLO mi, khc vi gi tr RLO ca on trc. + Kt thc khi: Phn kt thc khi l lnh kt thc khi BE. Cc loi khi: 62

* Khi t chc OB (Organisation Block): Khi t chc qun l chng trnh iu khin v t chc vic thc hin chng trnh * Khi chng trnh PB (Program Block): Khi chng trnh sp xp chng trnh iu khin theo chc nng hoc cc kha cnh k thut. * Khi dy SB (Sequence Block): Khi dy l loi khi c bit c iu khin theo chng trnh dy v c x l nh khi chng trnh. * Khi chc nng FB (Function Block): Khi chc nng l loi khi c bit dng lp trnh cc phn chng trnh iu khin ti din thng xuyn hoc c bit phc tp. C th gn tham s cho cc khi v chng c mt nhm lnh m rng. * Khi d liu DB (Dm Block) : Khi d liu lu tr cc d liu cn thit cho vic x l chng trnh iu khin. 5.5. Bng lnh ca S5 - 95U Cc lnh ca chng trnh S5 c chia thnh ba nhm l: 1. Nhm lnh c bn Nhm lnh c bn gm nhng lnh s dng cho cc chc nng, thc hin trong cc khi t chc OB, khi chng trnh PB, khi dy SB v khi chc nng FB. Ngoi tr hai lnh s hc +F v -F ch c biu din bng phng php dy lnh STL, cn li tt c cc lnh c bn khc u c th c biu din bng c ba phng php l bng lnh STL, lu iu khin CSF v biu bc thang LAD. 2. Nhm lnh b tr Nhm lnh b tr bao gm cc lnh s dng cho cc chc nng phc tp, v d nh cc lnh thay th, cc chc nng th nghim, cc lnh dch chuyn hoc chuyn i... Cc lnh b tr dng trong khi chc nng v c biu din bng phng php bng lnh STL. Ch c rt t lnh c s dng phng php lu . 3. Nhm lnh h thng Cc lnh h thng c php thm nhp trc lip vo h thng iu hnh v ch c th c biu din bng phng php bng lnh STL. Ch khi thc s am hiu v h thng mi nn s dng cc lnh h thng. Din di ca cc lnh xem phn "Bng lnh" ph lc 2.

63

5.6. C php mt s lnh c bn ca S5 1. Nhm lnh logic c bn Khi thc hin lnh u tin ca mt lot php ton logic th ni dung ca i tng lnh c ly vo s c np ngay vo RLO (kt qu ca php ton logic) m khng cn thc hin php ton. i tng ca cc lnh logic l: I, Q, F, T, C 1.1 Lnh A Lp trnh dng STL (c th lu trnh dng LAD v kim tra li dng STL).

+ n Enter tr v mn hnh Output. + n Shift-F5 Xem dng LAD v CSF, dng LAD nh hnh 5.6. + n Shift-F7 ct chng trnh v chng trnh sang PLC, chn yes xc nhn vic chng trnh ln chng trnh c trong PLC (khi ct th PLC phi ch STOP). + Bt cng tc ca CPU v ch RUN chy chng trnh. 1.2. Lnh AN Lp trnh dng STL A AN A = 1.3. Lnh O Lp trnh dng STL O O O = BE 1.4. Lnh ON Lp trnh dng STL O 64 I 32.0 I I I Q 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.0 I I I Q 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.0 BE

ON O = BE

I I Q

32.1 32.2 32.0

1.5. Lnh O gia hai lnh A Lp trnh dng STL A A O A A = BE 1.6. Lnh "(" v lnh ")" Lp trnh dng STL O O A A( O O = BE 2. Nhm lnh set v reset Cc lnh set v reset lu gi hoc xo b kt qu ca php ton logic c hnh thnh trong b x l. i tng ca cc lnh ny l I, Q, F. V d l: A S A R NOP0 Khi u vo I32.0 c th u ra Q32.0 c v c gi li cho d I32.0 mt, ch khi I32.l c th li xo nh lm Q32.0 v khng. 65 I Q I Q 32.0 32.0 32.1 32.0 I I Q 32.2 32.3 32.0 I 32.1 I 32.0 I I Q 32.2 32.3 32.0 I I 32.0 32.1

Lnh NOP 0 l lnh gi ch cho phng php LAD. V c u ra Q cha dng, mun phng php LAD v c hnh th phi a lnh NOP 0 vo. V d 2: A R A S A = I F I F F Q 32.0 17 32.1 17 17 32.0

y l v d v lnh st tri, v khi I32.0 c trng thi 1 th n s xo trng thi tn hiu trn c F17 v "0" cho n khi I32.1 c trng thi 1 th n s t trng thi 1 cho c F17 sau khng ph thuc I32.0 na. Khi c nhn trng thi 1 th s gn cho u ra Q32.0 trng thi 1. Khi c I32.0 v I32.l cng c trng thi 1 th c s c trng thi 1 v lnh st sau, gi l u tin st. 3. Nhm lnh np v truyn Lnh np v truyn trao i thng tin gia cc vng i tng lnh khc nhau. Lnh np v truyn chun b gi tr thi gian v gi tr m cho cc lnh thi gian v lnh m, np hng s phc v vic x l chng trnh. Lng thng tin c np v truyn thng qua hai thanh ghi tch lu ACCU1 v ACCU2. Thanh ghi tch lu l thanh ghi c bit trong PLC dng lu tr tm thi cc thng tin. Mi thanh ghi c di 16 bt. C th np hoc truyn cc i tng theo byte hoc t (word). trao i theo byte, thng tin lu tr trong byte phi tc l byte thp ca thanh ghi, s bt cn tha (ngoi 8 bt) c t khng. C th dng cc lnh khc nhau x l cc thng tin trong hai thanh ghi. Cc lnh thuc nhm ny l: Lnh np L: Ni dung ca i tng (n v byte) c chp vo ACCU1 khng ph thuc vo RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng. Ni dung trc ca ACCU1 c chuyn dch sang ACCU2, ni dung c ca ACCU2 s b mt.

66

V d: Np lin tip IB7 v IB8 t vng m PII vo thanh ghi tch lu, c s np nh hnh 5.14. Lnh truyn T: Ni dung ca ACCU1 c gn cho i tng lnh khng ph thuc RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng. Khi truyn th thng tin t ACCU1 c chp vo vng nh c a ch ho (v d vng m u ra PIQ). Ni dung ca ACCU1 khng b mt. Gi tr trc ca vng m u ra PIQ b mt. M t lnh nh hnh 5.15. Lnh LD: S m v s thi gian c np vo ACCU1 dng m BCD, khng ph thuc vo RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng.

Hnh 5.15. Lnh truyn i tng ca cc lnh ny l: + Lnh L: IB, IW, QB, QW, FY, FW, DR, DL, DW, PB/PY, PW, T, C, KM, KH, KF, KY, KB, KS, KT, KC. + Lnh T: IB, IW, QB, QW, FY, FW, DR, DL, DW, PB/PY, PW. + Lnh LD: T, C. 4. Nhm lnh thi gian Chng trnh iu khin s dng cc lnh thi gian theo di, kim sot v qun l cc hot ng c lin quan n thi gian. 4.1. Np gi tr thi gian Khi mt b thi gian c khi pht th ni dung trong ACCU1 (dng t 16 bt) c dng lm gi tr tnh thi gian. Do , mun dng cc lnh thi gian phi np gi tr thi gian cn t vo ACCU1 trc khi b thi gian hot ng. C th np cc kiu d liu sau dng cho cc lnh thi gian: + KT: gi tr thi gian hng s. + DW: t (word) d liu. + IW: t (word) u vo. + QW: t (word) u ra. + FW: t (word) c. Tr loi KT cc loi cn li phi dng m BCD. Np thi gian hng s: L KT 40.2 Trong lnh c: KT ch r l hng s. S 40: h s (c th gn t 0 n 999). 67

S 2: l m, c 4 m:

0 tng ng 0,01s; 1 tng ng 0,1s; 2 tng ng 1s; 3 tng ng 10s.

Vi s trn th thi gian c tnh l t = 40 x 1s = 40s . M cng nh th gi tr thi gian cng chnh xc, v vy nn dng m nh. Np thi gian di dng u vo, u ra, hoc t d liu: V d mun np mt gi tr thi gian t mt t d liu DW2 vo ACCU1, vit lnh sau: L DW2 Nh vy, trc khi thc hin lnh ny th gi tr thi gian c lu sn trong t d liu DW2 di dng m BCD. V d trong DW2 c cc s nh hnh 5.16:

M thi gian cng c s dng nh trn. t = 638 x 1s = 638s . Vy, trc khi dng lnh np trn phi dng chng trnh iu khin vit gi tr thi gian vo t d liu DW2. V d vit gi tr thi gian 27s vo t d liu DW2 trong khi DB3 ri sau np vo ACCU1 nh sau: C L T L DW2 4.2. c gi tr thi gian hin hnh C th dng hai lnh L v LD a gi tr thi gian hin hnh ca b thi gian T vo ACCU1 x l. L LD Tl Tl % c gi tr thi gian dng nh phn. % c gi tr thi gian dng BCD. DB3 KT 270. 1 DW2

Ch : Lnh L v T i vi T v C th bao gi cng c gi tr nh phn cn i vi cc i tng khc th cng c th c gi tr nh phn hoc dng BCD tu theo trng hp c th. 4.3. Cc lnh 68

1. B thi gian xung SP B thi gian c khi pht ln 1 ti si ln ca RLO khi RLO l 1 th b thi gian vn duy tr trng thi 1 cho n khi t gi tr t mi xung. Nhng khi RLO v khng th b thi gian v khng ngay. Lp trnh dng STL (c th lp trnh dng LAD v kim tra li dng STL). A L NOP NOP NOP A = BE T Q I KT 32.0 500.0 0 0 0 1 32.0

Hnh 5.17. Gin thi gian v dng LAD lnh SP Khi lp trnh cn ba chn R, BI v DE cha s dng phi dng lnh NOP gi ch. Chn R l chn xo gi tr thi gian hin hnh, chn BI l chn ly gi tr thi gian hin thi dng nh phn, chn DE l chn ly gi tr thi gian hin thi dng m BCD, c th dng lnh L hoc LD c cc gi tr thi gian. 2. B thi gian m rng SE B thi gian xung m rng SE c khi pht ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO na cho n khi thi gian t mi v khng. Lp trnh dng STL C L T A L SE NOP0 NOP0 69 DB KT IW I IW T 3 500.0 16 33.0 16 2

NOP0 A = BE 3. B thi gian bt u tr SD Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t trong lnh. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian cng b t ngay v khng. Lp trnh dng STL. C L T A L NOP0 NOP0 NOP0 = BE 4. B thi gian bt u tr lu tr SS Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ln ca RLO mt khong thi gian bng thi gian t trong lnh v sau khng ph thuc RLO na. N ch v khng khi c lnh xo R. A L SS A R NOP NOP A = BE 5. B thi gian tt tr SF 70 T Q I KT T I T 33.0 500.0 4 32.0 4 0 0 4 32.0 Q 33.0 DB KT FW I F 3 50.1 16 33.0 W16 T2 Q 33.0

B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian tip tc duy tr trng thi mt khong thi gian na bng khong t trong lnh ri mi v khng. xo thi gian dng lnh R, khi c lnh R t 0 ln 1 th b thi gian c t v khng v trng thi tn hiu vn gi 0 cho n khi b thi gian c khi pht li. A L SF NOP NOP NOP A = BE T Q I KT T 4 0 0 0 4 33.0 33.0 50.1

5. Nhm lnh m 5.1. Np gi tr m Cng nh b thi gian khi mt b m c khi pht th ni dung trong ACCU1 (dng t 16 bt) c dng lm gi tr m. Do , mun dng cc lnh m phi np gi tr m vo ACCU1 trc khi b m hot ng. C cc kiu d liu sau dng cho cc lnh m: + KC: gi tr hng s. + DW: t (word) d liu. + IW: t (word) u vo. + QW: t (word) u ra. + FW: t (word) c. Tr loi KC cc loi cn li phi dng m BCD. Np gi tr m hng s. L KC 38 S m t 0 n 999 71

Np s m di dng u vo, u ra, hoc t d liu: V d mun np mt gi tr m t mt t d liu DW2 vo ACCU1, vit lnh sau: L DW2

Nh vy, trc khi thc hin lnh ny th gi tr m c lu sn trong t d liu DW2 di dng m BCD. V d trong DW2 c cc s nh hnh 5.22:

Vi lnh trn th s 638 c np vo DW2. i tng ca lnh: C hai lnh m ch c mt i tng l b m C vi cc s hiu tu thuc loi PLC. + t b m: Sau khi np gi tr m dng lnh S cho b m lm vic. + Xo b m: Khi m ti mt gi tr no dng lnh R xo, tc l ngng m v a gi tr m v khng, nu khng dng lnh ny khi m gi tr t b m gi nguyn trng thi khng v khng. + Qut b m: Dng lnh logic boole qut b m (v d lnh A). Nu b m cha v khng th kt qu qut c trng thi 1 . + Xut ra trng thi b m hin hnh: C th dng lnh L v LD a trng thi b m hin hnh vo ACCU1 x l sau ny, lnh L dng cho s nh phn, lnh LD dng cho s BCD. 4.3. Cc lnh 1. Lnh m xung CD S m gim i mt n v lc xut hin mt sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng s m khng b nh hng. A CD NOP A L S NOP 72 I CK C I C 32.1 1 0 32.2 7 1 0

5.2. Chun b thc hin cc lnh m

NOP NOP A BE C

0 0 1

Chn BI l chn ly gi tr m hin thi dng nh phn, chn DE l chn ly gi tr m hin thi dng m BCD, c th dng lnh L hoc LD c cc gi tr m. 2. Lnh m ln CU S m tng mt n v lc xut hin sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng s m khng bi nh hng. A CU NOP0 NOP0 NOP0 A R NOP NOP A = BE C Q I C 33.1 1 0 0 1 33.1 I C 32.1 1

73

CHNG 6: B IU KHIN PLC - S7-20


6.1. Cu hnh cng PLC Step 7 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi PLC hn hp va n khi va a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c bn sau c th ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi. C cc module m rng tiu chun. Nhng module ngoi ny bao gm nhng n v chc nng m c th t hp li cho ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut c th. 1. n v c bn 1.1. Cu trc n v c bn n v c bn ca PLC S7-200 (CPU 3 14) nh hnh 6. 1

Trong : 1. Chn cm cng ra, 2. Chn cm cng vo, 3. Cc n trng thi: SF (n ): Bo hiu h thng b hng, RUN (n xanh): Ch nh rng PLC ang ch lm vic, STOP (n vng): Ch nh rng PLC ang ch dng, 4. n xanh cng vo ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng vo, 5. Cng truyn thng, 6. n xanh cng ra ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng ra, 7. Cng tc. Ch lm vic: Cng tc chn ch lm vic c ba v tr + RUN: cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh trong b nh. PLC s t chuyn 74

v trng thi STOP khi my c s c, hoc trong chng trnh gp lnh STOP, do khi chy nn quan st trng thi thc ca PLC theo n bo. + STOP: cng bc PLC dng cng vic ang thc hin, chuyn v trng thi ngh. ch ny PLC cho php hiu chnh li chng trnh hoc np mt chng trnh mi. + TERM: cho php PLC t quyt nh mt ch lm vic (hoc RUN hoc STOP) Chnh nh tng t: Nm iu chnh tng t t di np y cnh cng ra, nm iu chnh tng t cho php iu chnh tn hiu tng t vi gc quay c 270o. Pin v ngun nui b nh: Ngun pin c t ng chuyn sang trng thi tch cc khi dung lng nh b cn kit v n thay th ngun d liu khng b mt. Cng truyn thng: S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS 485 vi phch cm 9 chn phc v cho vic ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi cc PLC khc. Tc truyn cho my lp trnh kiu PPI l 9600 boud. Cc chn ca cng truyn thng l: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1.2. Thng s Vi CPU 214: + 14 cng vo v 10 cng ra logic, c th m rng thm 7 module bao gm c module analog, + Tng s cng vo v ra cc i l: 64 vo, 64 ra, + 2048 t n (4 Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi khng i lu chng trnh (vng nh giao din vi EFROM), + 2048 t n (4 Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi ghi d liu, trong c 512 t u thuc min khng i, + 128 b thi gian (times) chia lm ba loi theo phn di khc nhau: 4 b 1ms 16 b 10 ms v 108 b 100 ms, 75 t 24v DC truyn v nhn d liu khng dng t 5v DC (in tr trong 100 24v DC (1 20 ma) truyn v nhn d liu khng dng.

+ 128 b m chia lm hai loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m li, + 688 bt nh c bit thng bo trng thi v t ch lm vic, + Cc ch ngt v x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn ln hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn xung, + Ba b m tc cao vi nhp 2 KHZ v 7 KHZ, + 2 b pht xung nhanh cho dy xung kiu I7ro hoc kiu PWM, + 2 b iu chnh tng t, + Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 190h khi PLC b mt ngun cung cp. Vi CPU 212: + 8 cng vo v 6 cng ra logic, c th m rng thm 2 module bao gm c module analog, + Tng s cng vo v ra cc i l: 64 vo, 64 ra, + 512 t n (lkbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi khng i lu chng trnh (vng nh giao din vi EFROM), + 512 t n lu d liu, trong c 100 t nh c/ghi thuc min khng i, + 64 b thi gian tr (times) trong : 2 b 1 ms, 8 b 10 ms v 54 b 100 ms, + 64 b m chia lm hai loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m li, + 368 bt nh c bit thng bo trng thi v t ch lm vic, + Cc ch ngt v x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn ln hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn xung, + Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 50h khi PLC b mt ngun cung cp. 2. Cc module vo ra m rng Khi qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u v u ra nhiu hn s lng sn c trn n v c bn hoc khi cn nhng chc nng c bit th c th m rng n v c bn bng cch g thm cc module ngoi. Ti a c th g thm 7 module vo ra qua 7 v tr c sn trn panen v pha phi. a ch ca cc v tr ca module c xc nh bng kiu vo ra v v tr ca module trong rnh, bao gm c cc module cng kiu. V d mt module cng ra khng th gn a ch module cng vo, cng nh module tng t khng th gn a ch nh module s v ngc li. Cc module s hay ri rc u chim ch trong b m, tng ng vi s u vo ra ca module. Cch gn a ch c th hin trn hnh 6.3.

76

CPU 214

Module 0 (4 vo, 4 ra) I2.0 I2.1 I2.2 I2.3 Q2.0 Q2.1 Q2.2 Q2.3

Module 1 (8 vo) I3.0 I3.l I3.2 I3.3 I3.4 I3.5 I3.6 I3.7

Module 2 analog (3 vo, 1 ra) AIW0 AIW2 AIW3 AIW4 AQWO

Module 3 (8 ra) Q3.0 Q3.l Q3.2 Q3.3 Q3.4 Q3.5 Q3.6 Q3.7

Module analog AIW8 AIW10 AIW 12 AQW4

(3vo,1 ra)

IO.0 QO.O IO.1 QO.1 IO.2 QO.2 IO.3 QO.3 IO.4 QO.4 IO.5 QO.5 IO.6 QO.6 IO.7 QO.7 I1.0 Q1.0 I1.1 Ql.l I1.2 I1.3 I1.4 I1.5

Hnh 6.3. a ch cc module m rng ca S7-200 6.2. Cu trc b nh B nh ca PLC S7-200 c chia thnh 4 vng chnh l: 1. Vng nh chng trnh Vng nh chng trnh l min b nh c s dng lu gi cc lnh chng trnh. Vng ny thuc kiu khng i (non-volatile) c / ghi c. 2. Vng tham s Vng tham s lu gi cc tham s nh: t kho, a ch trm... vng ny thuc vng khng i c / ghi c. 3. Vng d liu Vng d liu ct cc d liu ca chng trnh gm kt qu ca cc php tnh, cc hng s trong chng trnh.... vng d liu l min nh ng, c th truy nhp theo tng bt, byte, t (word) hoc t kp. Vng d liu c chia thnh cc vng nh nh vi cc cng dng khc nhau l:
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tn tham s V I Q M SM ch c SM c/ghi Din gii L min c ghi m cng vo m cng ra Vng nh ni Vng nh c bit Vng nh c bit Tham s CPU 212 CPU214 0.0 1023.7 0.0 4095.7 0.0 7.7 0.0 7.7 0.0 7.7 0.0 7.7 0.0 15.7 0.0 31.7 0.0 29.7 0.0 29.7 30.0 45.7 30.0 85.7

77

a ch truy nhp c quy c vi cng thc: * Truy nhp theo bt: Tn min + a ch byte . ch s bt. V d : V 150.4 l a ch bt s 4 ca byte 150 thuc min V * Truy nhp theo byte: Tn min + B v a ch byte. V d: VB150 l a ch byte 150 thuc min V. * Truy nhp theo t (word): Tn min + W v a ch byte cao ca t. V d: VW150 l a ch t n gm hai byte 150 v 151 thuc min V, trong byte 150 c vai tr byte cao ca t. * Truy nhp theo t kp : Tn min + D v a ch byte cao ca t. V d : VD150 l a ch t kp gm bn byte 150, 151, 152 v 153 thuc min V, trong byte 150 c vai tr byte cao, 153 c vai tr l byte thp ca t kp. Tt c cc byte thuc vng d liu u c th truy nhp bng con tr. Con tr c nh ngha trong min V hoc cc thanh ghi AC1, AC2, AC3. Mi con tr ch a ch gm 4 byte (t kp). Quy c s dng con tr truy nhp nh sau: & + a ch byte cao V d: + AC1 = &VB150 l thanh ghi AC1 cha a ch byte 150 thuc min V. + VD100 = &VW150 l t kp VD100 cha a ch byte cao ca t n VW150 thuc min V. + AC2 : &VD150 l thanh ghi AC2 cha a ch byte cao 150 ca t kp VD150 thuc min V. Ton hng * (con tr): l ly ni dung ca byte, t hoc t kp m con tr ang ch vo. Vi cc a ch xc nh trn c cc v d: V d: + Ly ni dung ca byte VB150 l: *ACI. + Ly ni dung ca t n VW150 l: *VD100. + Ly ni dung ca t kp VD150 l: *AC2. Php gn a ch v s dng con tr nh trn cng c tc dng vi nhng thanh ghi 16 bt ca b thi gian, b m thuc i tng. 4. Vng i tng Vng i tng lu gi d liu cho cc i tng lp trnh nh cc gi tr tc thi, gi tr t trc ca b m, hay b thi gian. D liu kiu i tng bao gm cc thanh ghi ca b thi gian, b m, cc b m cao tc, b m tng t v cc thanh ghi AC. 78

Kiu d liu i tng b hn ch rt nhiu v cc d liu kiu i tng ch c ghi theo mc ch cn s dng ca i tng .
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tn tham s ACO AC C HSC AW AQW T Din gii CPU 212 c quy 0 (khng c kh nng lm con tr) c quy 13 B m 0 63 B m tc cao B m cng vo tng t 0 30 B m cng ra tng t 0 30 B thi gian 0 63 Tham s CPU 214 13 0 n 127 0 n 2 0 n 30 0 n 30 0 n 127

6.3. Chng trnh ca S7-200 1. Cu trc chng trnh S7-200 Cc chng trnh iu khin PLC S7-200 c vit c cu trc bao gm chng trnh chnh (main program) sau n cc chng trnh con v cc chng trnh s l ngt nh hnh 6.4 - Chng trnh chnh c kt thc bng lnh kt thc chng trnh MEND - Chng trnh l mt b phn ca chng trnh, chng trnh con c kt thc bng lnh RET. Cc chng trnh con phi c vit sau lnh kt thc chng trnh chnh MEND. - Cc chng trnh x l ngt l mt b phn ca chng trnh, cc chng trnh x l ngt c kt thc bng lnh RETI. Nu cn s dng chng trnh x l ngt phi vit sau lnh kt thc chng trnh chnh MEND. Cc chng trnh con c nhm li thnh mt nhm ngay sau chng trnh chnh, sau n ngay cc chng trnh x l ngt. C th t do trn ln cc chng trnh con v chng trnh x l ngt ng sau chng trnh chnh. 2. Bng lnh ca S7-200 Xem phn ph lc 2.

79

6.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn ca S7-200 1. Lnh LD v lnh A Lp trnh dng STL LD A A = 2. Lnh AN Lp trnh dng STL LD AN A = 3. Lnh O Lp trnh dng STL LD O O = 4. Lnh ON Lp trnh dng STL LD ` ON O = 5. Lnh OLD Lp trnh dng STL LD A LD OLD = 6. Lnh ALD Lp trnh dng STL 80 Q 1.0 I I I 0.0 0.1 0.2 I I I Q 0.0 0. 1 0.2 1.0 I I I Q 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0 I I I Q 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0 I I I Q 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0

LD LD O ALD =

I I I Q

0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0

7. Lnh LPS, LRD,LPP Lp trnh dng STL LD LD O ALD = LRD LD 0 LPP AI 0.5 = Q 0.2 8. Lnh TON NETWORK 1 LD I0.0 AN I0.1 ION T32, VW0 NETWORK 2 LD T32 = Q0 9. Lnh TONR NETWORK 1 LD I0.0 AN I0.1 TONR T32, VW0 NETWORK 2 LD T32 = Q0.0 10. Lnh CTU NETWORK 1 LD I0.0 81 I I 0.3 0.4 Q 0.0 I I I 0.0 0.1 0.2

ALD = Q 0.1

LD I0.2 CTU C0, +12 NETWORK 2 LD C0 = Q0.0 11. Lnh CTUD NETWORK 1 LD I0.0 LD I0.2 LD I0.1 CTUD C48, VW0 NETWORK 2 LD C0 = Q0.0

82

CHNG 7: B IU KHIN PLC - S7-300


7.l. Cu hnh cng 1. Cu to ca h PLC- S7-300 PLC Step S7-300 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemcns sn xut. y l loi PLC a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c bn (ch x l) sau ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi, c cc module m rng tiu chun. Nhng module m rng ny bao gm nhng n v chc nng m c th l hp li cho ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut c th. 1.1. n v c bn n v c bn ca PLC S7-300 nh hnh 7. 1.

Trong : Cc n bo: + n SF: bo li CPU, + n BAF: bo ngun c quy, + n DC 5v: Bo ngun 5v, + n RUN: Bo ch PLC ang lm vic, + n STOP: Bo PLC dang ch dng. 2. Cng tc chuyn i ch : + RUN-P: Ch va chy va sa chng trnh, + RUN: a PLC vo ch lm vic, + STOP: PLC ch ngh, + MRES: V tr ch nh ch xo chng trnh trong CPU. 83

Mun xo chng trnh trong PLC th gi nt bm v v tr MRES n STOP nhp nhy, khi thi khng nhp nhy th nh nhanh tay. Lm li nhanh mt ln na (khng n STOP) nu n vng nhy nhiu ln l xong, nu khng th phi lm li. 1.2. Cc kiu module Tu theo qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u vo v u ra m phi lp thm bao nhiu module m rng cng nh loi module cho ph hp. Ti a c th g thm 32 module vo ra trn 4 panen (rnh), trn mi panen ngoi module ngun, CPU v module ghp ni cn g c 8 cc module v bn phi. Thng Step 7- 300 s dng cc module sau: + Module ngun PS, + Module ghp ni IM (Intefare Module), + Module tn hiu SM (Signal Module): - Vo s cc loi: 8 knh, 16 knh, 32 knh, - Ra s cc loi: 8 knh, 16 knh, 32 knh, - Vo ra s cc loi: 8 knh vo 8 knh ra, 16 knh vo 16 knh ra, - Vo tng t cc loi: 2 knh, 4 knh, 8 knh, - Ra tng t cc loi: 2 knh, 4 knh, 8 knh, - Vo, ra tng t cc loi: 2 knh vo 2 knh ra, 4 knh vo 4 knh ra, + Module hm (Function Module), - m tc cao, - Truyn thng CP 340, CP340- 1, CP341, + Module iu khin (Control Module): - Module iu khin PID, - Module iu khin Fuzzy, - Module iu khin r bt, - Module iu khin ng c bc, - Module iu khin ng c servo. 2. a ch v gn a ch Trong PLC cc b phn con gi thng tin n hoc ly thng tin i u phi c a ch lin lc. a ch l con s hoc t hp cc con s i theo sau ch ci. Ch ci ch loi a ch, con s hoc t hp con s ch s hiu a ch. Trong PLC c nhng b phn c gn a ch n nh b thi gian (T), b m (C).... ch cn mt trong 3 ch ci km theo mt s l , v d:: T1, C32... Cc a ch u vo v u ra cng vi cc module chc nng c cch gn a ch ging nhau. a ch ph thuc vo v tr g ca module trn panen. Ch g module 84

trn pancn gi l khe (Slot), cc khe u c nh s, khe s 1 l khe u tin ca v c th tip tc.

c. a ch vo ra trn module s:
Khi g module s vo ra ln mt khe no lp tc n c mng a ch byte ca khe , mi khe c 4 byte a ch. Trn mi module th mi u vo, ra l mt knh, cc knh u c a ch bt l 0 n 7. a ch ca mi u vo, ra l s ghp ca a ch byte v a ch knh, a ch byte ng trc, a ch knh ng sau, gia hai s c du chm. Khi cc module g trn khe th a ch c lnh t byte u ca khe, cc u vo v ra ca mt khe c cng a ch. a ch byte v a ch knh nh hnh 7.2.

V d: Module 2 du vo, 2 u ra s g vo khe s 5 rnh 0 c a ch l 14.0, I4.1 v Q4.0, Q4.1. 85

Module s c th c g trn bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC.

d. a ch vo ra trn module tng t


din t mt gi tr tng t phi cn nhiu bt. Trong PLC S7-300 ngi ta dng 16 bt (mt word) cho mt knh. Mt khe c 8 knh vi a ch u lin l PIW256 hoc PQW256 (byte 256 v 257) cho n PIW766 hoc PQW766 nh hnh 7.3 Module tng t c th c g vo bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC. V d: Mt module tng t 2 vo, 1 ra g vo khe s 6 rnh 0 c a ch l PIW288, PIW290, PQW288. Ch : Cc khe trng bao gi cng c trng thi tn hiu 0. 7.2. Vng i tng 1. Cc vng nh Bng 7.1
TT Tn tham s Din gii vng tham s

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 86

I IB IW ID Q QB QW QD M MB MW MD PIB PIW PID PQB PQW PQD T C DBX DBB DBW DBD

u vo bt u vo byte u vo t u vo t kp u ra bt u ra byte u ra t u ra t kp Nh ni dng bt Nh ni dng byte Nh ni dng t Nh ni dng t kp. Vng m u vo dng byle Vng m u vo dng t Vng m u vo dng t kp Vng m u ra dng byte Vng m u ra dng t Vng m u ra dng t kp B thi gian B m Khi d liu kiu BD dng bt Khi d liu kiu BD dng byte Khi d liu kiu BD dng t Khi d liu kiu BD dng t kp

0.0 n 65535.7 0 n 65535 0 n 65534 0.0 n 65532 0 n 65535.7 0 n 65535 0 n 65534 0 n 65532 0.0 n 255.7 0 n 255 0 n 254 0 n 252 0 n 65535 0 n 65534 0 n 65532 0 n 65535 0 n 65534 0 n 65532 0 n 255 0 n 255 0.0 n 65535.7 0 n 65535 0 n 65534 0 n 65532

TT Tn tham s

Din gii

vng tham s

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

DIX DIB DIW DID L LB LW LD

Khi d liu kiu BI dng bt Khi d liu kiu BI dng byte Khi d liu kiu BI dng t Khi d liu kiu BI dng t kp Vng d liu tm thi dng bt Vng d liu tm thi dng byte Vng d liu lm thi dng l Vng d liu tm thi dng t kp

0.0 n 65535.7 0 n 65535 0 n 65534 0 n 65532 0.0 n 65535.7 0 n 65535 0 n 65534 0 n 65532

2. Nhp cc hng s Cc hng s c vit gm phn u v tham s di lin nhau v d: B#16#1A l s: vit dng byte, c s 16, gi tr l 1A tng ng c s thp phn l 26. Cc hng s v thi gian c vit theo cc k hiu: D (Date) ngy_ H (Hours) gi M (minuter) pht_ S (seconds) giy_ MS (milliseconds) mili giy v d 2D_23H_10M_50S_13MS l: 2 ngy, 23 gi, 10 pht, 50 giy, 13 mili giy. Cc kiu vit hng s c th hin trn bng 7.2: Bng 7.2
Loi Byte T Bt C s 8 16 16 2 16 BCD 10 khng du 32 16 10 khng du 0 n rF 0 n 1111_1111_1111_1111 0 n FFFF 0 n 999 (0,0) n (255,255) 0 n 1111_1111_1111_1111_ 1111_1111_1111_1111 0000_0000 n FFFF_FFFF (0,0,0,0) n (255,255,255,255) (khng c) - 32768 n 32767 L#... - 2147483648 n + 2147483647 (khng c) ln hn 3,402823 e + 38 nh hn l.175495e - 38 S5T#..... 0H_0M_0S_10MS n 2H_46M_30S_0MS -24D_20H_31M_23S_648MS n 24D_20H_31M_23S_647MS 1990-1-1 n 2168-12-31 0:0:0:0 n 23:59:59.999 Vit cc k t nh HA Phn du B#16#... 2#... W# 16#... C# B# 2#... DW#16#... B#... Phm vi tham s

T kp

S thc S thc S thc

16 c du 32 c du 32 du phy ng

Thi gian 16 gi_pht_ 32 giy_miligiy

Ngy

ngy_gi_ T#... pht_giy_ miligiy Nm_thng_ngy D#... TOD#... .

Thi gian 32 gi:pht: ca ngy giy.ngy K t 8

87

7.3. Ngn ng lp trnh 1. Cu trc chng trnh S7-300 Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S7-300 c th c vit dng n khi hoc a khi. Chng trnh n khi Chng trnh n khi ch vit cho cc cng vic t ng n gin, cc lnh c vit tun t trong mt khi. Khi vit chng trnh n khi ngi ta dng khi OB1. B PLC qut khi theo chng trnh, sau khi qua n lnh cui cng n quay tr li lnh u tin. Chng trnh a khi (c cu trc) Khi nhim v t ng ho phc tp ngi ta chia chng trnh iu khin ra thnh tng phn ring gi l khi. Chng trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khi kia. Chng trnh ang thc hin khi ny c th dng lnh gi khi sang lm vic vi khi khc, sau khi kt thc cng vic khi mi n quay v thc hin tip chng trnh tm dng khi c. Cc khi c xp thnh lp. Mi khi c: + u khi gm tn khi, s hiu khi v xc nh chiu di khi. + Thn khi: Th hin ni dung khi v c chia thnh on (Segment) thc hin tng cng on ca t ng ho sn xut. Mi on li bao gm mt s dng lnh phc v vic gii bi ton logic. Kt qu ca php ton logic c gi vo RLO (Result of logic operation). Vic phn chia chng trnh thnh cc on cng nh hng n RLO. Khi bt u mt on mi th to ra mt gi tr RLO mi, khc vi gi tr RLO ca on trc. + Kt thc khi: Phn kt thc khi l lnh kt thc khi BEU. Cc loi khi: * Khi t chc OB (Organisation Block) Khi t chc qun l chng trnh iu khin v t chc vic thc hin chng trnh. * Khi hm s FC (Functions) Khi hm s FC l mt chng trnh do ngi s dng to ra hoc c th s dng cc hm chun sn c ca SIEMENS. * Khi hm FB (Function Block) Khi hm l loi khi c bit dng lp trnh cc phn chng trnh iu khin ti din thng xuyn hoc c bit phc tp. C th gn tham s cho cc khi v chng c mt nhm lnh m rng. Ngi s dng c th to ra cc khi hm mi cho mnh, c th s dng cc khi hm sn c ca SIEMENS. * Khi d liu: c hai loi l 88

+ Khi d liu dng chung DB (Sllared Data Block) Khi d liu dng chung lu tr cc d liu chung cn thit cho vic x l chng trnh iu khin. + Khi d liu ring DI (Instance Data Block) Khi d liu dng ring lu tr cc d liu ring cho mt chng trnh no trong vic x l chng trnh iu khin. Ngoi ra trong PLC S7-300 cn hm h thng SFC (System Function) v khi hm h thng SFB (System Function Block). 2. Bng lnh ca S7-300 Xem phn ph lc 2. 7.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn 1. Nhm lnh 1ogic 1.1 Lnh LD v lnh A Lp trnh dng STL A A A = 1 2. Lnh AN Lp trnh dng STL A AN A = 1.3. Lnh O Lp trnh dng STL O O O = 1.4. Lnh ON Lp trnh dng STL. O ON I I 0.0 0.1 89 I I I Q 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0 I I I Q 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0 I I I Q 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0

O =

I Q

0.2 1.0

1.5. Lnh A v lnh O Lp trnh dng STL A A O = I I I Q 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0

1.6. Lnh ( v lnh ) Lp trnh dng STL A A( O O ) = A = A A( O O ) = A A( O O ) = A A = 90 Q L I Q 0.1 20.0 0.5 0.2 I I 0.3 0.4 Q L 0.0 20.0 I I 0.1 0.2 Q I L L 1.0 0.0 20.0 20.0 1 7. Lp trnh vi vng d liu tm thi L I I 0.1 02 I 0.0

1.8. Lp trnh vi bt nh ni M Nework 1 : A = A = A = A( O O ) A A AN = M M I Q 10.0 10.1 1.0 1.0 I Q 1.0 1.0 I M I M M Q 0.0 10.0 0.1 10.1 10.1 0.0

Nework 2:

Network 3:

2. Nhm lnh thi gian Chng trnh iu khin s dng cc lnh thi gian theo di, kim sot v qun l cc hot ng c lin quan n thi gian. Khi mt b thi gian c khi pht th gi tr thi gian cn c np vo thanh ghi CV (Current value). Do , mun dng cc lnh thi gian phi np gi tr thi gian cn t vo thanh ghi CV trc khi b thi gian hot ng. C th np cc kiu d liu sau dng cho cc lnh thi gian: + D liu thi gian thc: S5T#H_M_S_MS + Dng s nguyn 16 bt: W#16#.... ( dng m BCD) Np thi gian thc: L S5T#10s Vi lnh trn gi tr thi gian c np l 10s Np thi gian dng m BCD: V d: L W#16#2127 S trn s c np vo thanh ghi CV dng m BCD nh hnh 7. 12. Trong thanh ghi CV th: Ba s cui ch h s: S 127 (c th gn t 0 n 999) 91

S u ch m s: S 2. c 4 m: 0 tng ng 0,01 s 1 tng ng 0,1 s 2 tng ng 1s 3 tng ng 10s Vi s vo thanh ghi CV nh trn th thi gian c tnh l t :127 x 1s =127s. Vi m cng nh th gi tr thi gian cng chnh xc, v vy nn dng m nh.

Trong cc b thi gian ca S7-300 ngoi tn hiu kch thch chnh (bt u) nh cc b thi gian ca cc PLC khc, cn c tn hiu kch thch cng bc, tn hiu kch thch cng bc cho php tnh li thi gian t u khi c sn ln ca tn hiu ny, tuy nhin tn hiu kch thch cng bc ch c gi tr khi tn hiu kch thch chnh c gi tr 1. Lnh thc hin kch thch cng bc (c iu kin) l: FR. Lnh FR ch c dng lp trnh STL. B thi gian cng c th dng lnh R d xo. 2.1. B thi gian xung SP B thi gian c khi pht ln 1 ti si ln ca RLO khi RLO l 1 th b thi gian vn duy tr trng thi 1 cho n khi t gi tr t mi xung. Nhng khi RLO v khng th b thi gian v khng ngay. C hai kiu lp trnh: Kiu th nht c lnh NOP: A L SP A R NOP NOP A = I T I T 0 0 T Q 1 1.0 0.1 1 0.2 1 S5T#10S

Dng LA D hnh 7. 1 3. 92

Trong lp trnh trn cn hai chn BI v BCD cha s dng phi dng lnh NOP gi ch. Chn BI l chn ly gi tr thi gian hin thi dng nh phn, chn BCD l chn ly gi tr thi gian hin thi dng m BCD, c th dng lnh L hoc LC c cc gi tr thi gian. Kiu th hai (khng dng lnh NOP)

2.2. B thi gian m rng SE B thi gian xung m rng SE c khi pht ln 1 li sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO na cho n khi thi gian t mi v khng. Cng tng t nh b thi gian SP, cc b thi gian khc cng lun c hai kiu lp trnh. A L SE NOP L T LC T A = I T 0 T T T Q 1 1 1 0.1 MW 2 MW 5 0.0 1 S51 # 10S

2.3 B thi gian bt u tr SD Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t trong lnh. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian cng b t ngay v 93

khng.

2.4.B thi gian bt u tr 1u tr SS Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ln ca RLO mt khong thi gian bng thi gian t trong lnh v sau khng ph thuc RLO na. N ch v khng khi c lnh xo R. A L SS A R NOP NOP A = I T I T 0 0 T Q 1 1.0 0.1 1 0.2 1 S5T#10S

2.5. B thi gian tt tr SF B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian tip tc duy tr trng thi mt khong thi gian na bng khong t trong lnh ri mi v khng. xo thi gian dng lnh R, khi c lnh R t 0 ln 1 th b thi gian c t v khng v trng thi tn hiu vn gi 0 cho n khi b thi gian c khi pht 94

li. A L SF A NOP NOP A = I T I 0 0 T Q 1 1.0 0.1 1 0.2 ST5#10S

3. Nhm lnh m Gi tr trong thanh ghi CV (current value) l gi tr m tc thi ca b m, CV lun khng m, do lnh m li s khng dn khi CV = 0. Gi tr m PV c th c t trc bng lnh L, v d L C#4 (t gi tr m bng 4). Tuy nhin, khc vi b thi gian, gi tr m ch c np vo CV khi c lnh t b m (S). Nu khng t gi tr m th b m c th vn tin hnh m (ch khi CV = 0 th khng m li). Gi tr u ra ca b m s l 1 nu CV 0, bng 0 nu CV = 0. B m c th c xo ch ng bng tn hiu xo R. Cng tng t nh b thi gian, b m cng c th dng lnh kch m (m cng bc) FR (lnh c iu kin), b m cng m xung khi iu kin ca FR m bo. Lnh FR ch c dng lp trnh STL. C th dng lnh L hoc LD c gi tr tc thi ca b m vo ACCU1 x l. Lnh L c s dng c s 2, lnh LD c s dng BCD. 3.1. Lnh m ln CU A CD BLD NOP 0 NOP 0 NOP 0 NOP 0 NOP 0 A = C Q 2 1.0 95 I C 101 0.0 2

Lnh BLD hin th dng LAD. Vi cc lnh trn khi u vo IO 0 c sn ln th gi tr b m CV tng thm 1 n v, tc l khi c ch mt ln sn ln ca 10.0 th u ra Qui lun l 1 (khng xo). Chn CV l chn ly gi tr m dng nh phn, chn CV_BCD l chn ly gi tr m dng m BCD, c th dng lnh L hoc LC c cc gi tr m. 3.2. Lnh m xung CD A CD BLD A L NOP NOP NOP A = I C 101 I C#4 0 0 0 C Q 1.0 2 0.1 0.0 2

Trong phn lp trnh trn c: Lnh L C#4 l np s m bng 4. Trn hnh 7.20 khi I0.0 c trc, b m vn khng lm vic v khi CV = 0, cho n khi c lnh t b m, I0.1 c th b m bt u c np gi tr m, CV = 4. T khi ny mi ln I0.0 c th gi tr m gim mt n v, sau 4 xung vo gi tr m CV = 0 Khi CV 0 u ra Q1.0 c, khi CV = 0 u ra Q1.0 mt. 3.3. Lnh m va tin va li A CU A CD A L A R 96 I C I C I C#3 I C 0.3 1 0.0 1 0.1 1 0.2

L T LC T A =

C C C Q 1.0

1 1 1

MW 0 MW 1

T gin nhn thy: khi u vo m tin c lp tc b m lm vic, gi tr m tng 1 n v, CV 0, u ra Q 1.0 c. Tip u vo m li c, do do b m li gim 1 n v (CV = O) u ra Q1.0 li mt. Tuy nhin, nu u vo m li c trc th b m khng m v khi CV = 0 Tip du vo t b m SET c lm gi tr m c np vo CV (CV = 3), t nu c u m tin th gi tr m tng 1 n v, c u m li gi tr m gim 1 n v, u ra Q1.0 c. Khi c u RESET gi tr m lp tc v 0, u ra Q1.0 v 0.

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PH LC 1
CC PHN MM LP TRNH PLC
1. Tp trnh cho OMRON 1. Phn mm SYSWIN (cho OMRON) Phn hng dn c thc hin trn version 3.2. 1.1. Khi ng

1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, bt cng tc ngun ca khi PLC. 2. Khi ng phn mm SYSWIN t biu tng hoc t file chng trnh nh hnh P. 1. Ca s mn hnh ban u c dng nh hnh P.2. Trong ca s c 2 thanh cng c h tr cho qu trnh son tho chnh l: Thanh trn: ngoi mt s chc nng nh son tho vn bn bnh thng cn mt s chc nng son tho lnh nh ch ra trn hnh P.3. Thanh dc: Ln lt t trn l: Con tr ( chn), tip im thng h, thng kn, thanh ni ngang, thanh ni dc, cun dy thng m, cun dy thng ng, khi hm (RUN), b thi gian (TIM), b m (CNT).

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3. Kim tra mt s iu kin trc khi tp trnh: + Kim tra xem my tnh c kt ni vi PLC cha. Khi my tnh c kt ni vi PLC th biu tng kt ni sng, nu cha c kt ni th nhy vo biu tng kt ni h thng s t kt ni vi PLC. + Nu s kt ni khng thc hin c c th phi khai bo li cng nh ch ra trn hnh P.4. (ng dn Project \ Communications). 1.2. Son tho: Theo LAD 1. M mt file chng trnh mi hoc mt file chng trnh c (ch mc nh c mt file mi c m ra). 2. Nhy chut tri vo khi mun chn (tip im, cun dy. khi hm....). 3. a con cho n v tr t lnh (v tr t en), nhy chut tri v vo a ch lnh (u vo c cc a ch: 0, n 11; u ra c cc a ch: 1000 n 1007). 4. Khi cn ghi ch thch di mi lnh th chn lnh cn ghi ch thch, vo hp SYM: ( pha di mn hnh nh ch ra trn hnh P.2) ghi nhng iu cn ch thch, cu ch thch phi lin nhau (khng dng du cch) sau chn Store. 5. Kt thc mt Network chn thm Network mt t biu tng nh ch ra trn hnh P.3. 6. Nu son sai Network no th nh du v xo Network t biu tng hnh P.3.

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7. Tin hnh son tho ht cc Network. 8. Kt thc chng trnh phi c lnh kt thc. Mun vo lnh kt thc th chn Netwoks v v tr lnh kt thc, chn FUN, nhy vo v tr t lnh, sau vo tn lnh END(01) nh ch ra trn hnh P.3, hoc chn cc khi mc Select sau chn OK. 9. chng trnh sang PLC chn Online \ Download program to PLC nh trn hnh P.5. Ch : Khi chng trnh sang PLC th PLC phi ang trng thi MONITOR hoc trng thi PROGRAM (STOP/PRG). Mun chuyn i cc trng thi trn th chn Shift + F10 hoc biu tng PLC Mode nh hnh P.3. 10 chy chng trnh chn trng thi MONITOR hoc RUN t biu tng PLC Mode.

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2. S dng thit b lp trnh cm tay (cho OMRON) 2.1. Cu to thit b lp trnh cm tay Thit b lp trnh cm tay c cc khi chnh nh hnh P.6. 1. Mn hnh 2. Cng tc chn ch : c 3 ch * PROGRAM: ch ny lp trnh hoc thc hin cc thay i chng trnh, * MONITOR: Ch ny thay i cc gi tr ca b m v thi gian trong khi PLC vn ang vn hnh, * RUN: Ch ny chy chng trnh d np trong PLC (khi PLC ang ch ny th khng chng trnh mi sang PLC c). 3. Cc phm lnh, 4. Cc phm s, 5. Cc phm hm.

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102

2.2. Cc phm lnh

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2.3. Th tc vo lnh 1. Khi ng b tp trnh cm tay, cng tc chn ch ch PROGRAM hoc ch MONITOR, vo PASSWORD (t kho) theo th t sau:

2. Bt u chng trnh mi cn s dng lnh CLR xo chng trnh c. 3. Cc lnh c vo theo th t: + Tn lnh (cc lnh bt u mt NETWORK l lnh LD). + Tham s ca lnh: Khng cn vo cc s khng ng trc. + Kt thc mt lnh l WRITE (vit vo PLC). 4. Kt thc mt chng trnh phi c lnh kt thc. Lnh kt thc vo theo th t:

V d: Chng trnh ca mt mch t duy tr dng LAD v STL nh hnh P.7:

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6. chy chng trnh chuyn cng tc chn ch sang RUN. 2. Lp trnh cho PLC - S5 S dng phn mm Step5 for Win. 1. Trnh t thao tc

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1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, bt cng tc khi ngun PS ca PLC, cng tc ca khi CPU v tr STOP. 2. chy trnh Step5 t file chng trnh nh hnh P.8. Mn hnh ch bt u c dng nh hnh P.9. 3. Vo lc \ Project \ Set (phn ny c th i nhiu tham s, xem phn t tham s hnh P.12 n P. 17). Cn t 3 tham s c bn. + Chn PLC \ Mode t ch Online (ch kt ni vi PLC). + Chn Blocks \ Representation t ch son tho STL. + Chn Blocks \ Program Eile to file mi, (nu cn m mt file c th vo ng dn v ln file, nu s dng file ngay bui lm vic trc v chng trnh trc y kt ni vi PLC th b qua bc ny) sau n Enter. 4. Vo ch son tho t Editor \ Step 5 Block...., hoc n F1 (Edit). Mn hnh trc son tho c dng nh hnh P.10. Trong : Block lisl: Vo tn ca khi hoc nhiu khi son tho. Confirm before orerwriting: Nu c chn th khi ghi my s hi li d khng nh, khng chn th khi sa i c ghi ln ngay sau khi bm Enter.

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Update assignment: Nu c chn th file biu tng *ZO.INI thay i th file ngun *ZO.SEQ cng c iu chnh, nu khng chn th fitc ngun *ZO.SEQ khng c iu chnh. Update XRF: Nu c chn th file *XR.INI cha tham chiu cho c iu chnh hoc c to nu cha tn ti trc , nu khng chn th file *XR.INI cha tham chiu cho khng c iu chnh. 5. Trong mc Source chn PLC kt ni trc tip vi PLC. Trong mc Selection \ Block list vo khi OB1 d son tho (c th vo cc khi khc nu cn), trong mc Options khng chn nh hnh P.10 sau chn Edit (n Enter), nu lm vic vi file mi th my t ng vo lun mn hnh Edit nh hnh P.11b nu lm vic vi file c th my vo mn hnh Output nh hnh P.11a.

Trong : hnh P.11a Fl (Disp Symbb) Cho php thay i hoc t tn k hiu (symb), ch thch cc ton hng dng trong khi chng trnh ang son tho. 107

F2 (Reference): Hin th tham chiu cho. F3 (Serach): Tm kim cc ton hng n l trong khi ang son tho. F5 (Seg Fct): Hin cc chc nng son tho cho php lm vic vi cc on ca khi nh chp, xo, chn,... F6 (Edit): Chuyn sang ch son tho. F7 (Enter): Lu tr khi nu c s thay di hoc tr v menu chnh. F8 (Cancet): Tr v menu chnh. Shift-F1 (Addresses): hin a ch tng i ca cc lnh trong khi (vi STL). Shift F2 (Liu no): Cho php vo s th vin. Shift F3 (Symb.OFF): Cho php hin th ton hng di dng tuyt i. Shift F4 (Symb Com}: Cho php hin th dng ch thch k hiu cc ton hng. Shift-F5( LAD): Cho php chuyn i cc dng STL, CSF, LAD. Shift -F6 (Seg com): Cho php vo son tho tiu v cc ch thch ca mi on chng trnh trong khi nu c chn Wich Comments hnh P.13 (Btocks). Shift F7 (Save): Lu tr khi son tho vo file. Shift-F1 (Help): Vo phn tr gip. 6. Nu ang mn hnh Output cn sa cha hoc son tho mi th chn F6 (Edit) vo mn hnh son tho Edit, vi chng trnh c nhiu on (Segment) th n F5 (Seg Fct) sau n Fl (- 1) hoc F2 (+ 1) chn cc on trc hoc sau on hin thi. 7. Khi ang mn hnh son tho Edit c th tin hnh son tho: + vo mt cu lnh thng khng cn quan tm n cu trc v c th g lin tc lin nhau, ht mt dng n Enter my s t ng chn vo cc k t trng ngn cch. + Son tho ht mt on (Segment) n F6 (Seg End) sang on mi. + Kt thc chng trnh phi c lnh BE, n Enter v chn yes xc nhn my s tr v mn hnh Output. 8. n Shift-F5 xem dng LAD v CSF. Nu chng trnh c nhiu on (Segment) th n F5 (Seg Fct) sau n Fl (-l) hoc F2 (+l) xem ln lt ht cc on trc hoc sau on hin thi. 9. n Shift-F7 ct chng trnh v chng trnh sang PLC, chn yes xc nhn vic chng trnh ln chng trnh c trong PLC (khi ct th PLC phi ch STOP). 2. t tham s cho vic son tho chng trnh Vo File \ Project \ Set s t cc tham s cn thit lin quan n vic son tho chng trnh. Cc tham s ny c hin th trong 6 trang mn hnh hnh P.12 108

n P. 1 7, cc trang mn hnh c th chuyn i bng con tr. Mi trang c cc phm chc nng c th s dng nh: + Edit F2: Vo ch son tho. + Select F3: Thay i tham s ti v tr con tr. + Project... F6: Ct tham s d thay i. + Info F7: Hin thng tin v vng hin ti m ti c con tr. + Help Shift F8: Vo phn tr gip. + Enter: Chp nhn s thay i. + Cancel ESC: Gi nguyn trng thi c, tr v mn hnh trc .

* Trang 1 (PLC): nh hnh P.12 + Mode(: Chn ch ni vi PLC (Online), v khng c PLC (Ofnine). + PLC type: Loi PLC + Interface: Chn giao din. + Parameter: a ch cng giao din. + Path name: t tn ng dn ni kt. Nu c trnh name v Path file u t th h thng tm cch thit lp hay dng vic ni kt thng qua dng dn chn ny mi khi c s thay i ch lm vic. + Path file: Tn file cha ng dn Path name.

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* Trang 2 (Blocks): nh hnh P. 1 3 + Program File: Vo ng dn, m file mi hoc m file c. + Representation: t ch son tho STL, LAD. CSF. + STL addresses: a ch ca STL. +With comments: Cho php n, hin dng ch thch. + With Checksum: Kim tra vic truyn s liu ra PLC. * Trang 3.(Symbols): nh hnh P.14 + Symbols file: t tn file biu tng (*ZO.INI). + Assigment lisl: t tn ca file danh sch (ZO.SEQ). + Symbol length: t di k hiu biu tng, cho php t 8 n 24 k t. + Comment length: t di dng ch thch, cho php nhiu nht l 40 k t. + Display symbolic: Cho php ton hng th hin di dng biu tng (symbolic) hay dng tuyt i (absolute). + Operands symbolic: Cho php lp trnh c vi symbolic operands.

* Trang 4 (Documetation): nh hnh P.15. + Footer file: Vo tn file cha cc thng tin cn thit cui mi trang khi in v 110

c to ra trong Documentation. + Dc comm file: t tn file (*SU.INI) cha cc lnh to ti liu. + Printer file: t tn file cha thng tin v tham s in c chn trong menu Documentation nh kch c giy, s dng trong mi trang in, cng giao tip vi my in... + Printer interface: Chn giao din vi my in. + Documetation to: t ch lm vic cho php in ti liu.

* Trang 5 (Options): hnh P.16 + Profect directory: nh th mc lm vic. * Trang 6 (EFROM) : nh hnh P. 1 7 + SYSID file: t tn file (*SD.INI) cha cc thng tin nhn dng h thng cc khi dng trong vic np EFROM.

3. Lp trnh cho PLC - S7200 1 S dng phn mm Step7-200 for Win Thao tc chun b (phn hng dn vit theo Version 3.2) 111

1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, bt cng tc khi ngun PS ca PLC, cng tc ca khi CPU v tr STOP. 2. Chy trnh Step7 t biu tng hoc t file chng trnh nh hnh P.18. Mn hnh ch bt u c dng nh hnh P. 1 9. 3. Nu Project [CPU.....] c loi CPU khc th nhy nt phi chut vo Project [CPU.....] chn li CPU.

4. Vo File m mt file mi hoc file c. 5. Vo View chn ch son tho STL (hoc LAD hoc FBD). 6. Tin hnh son tho chng trnh theo STL (nu son tho chng trnh theo LAD th c th s dng cc khu, khi pha tri mn hnh son tho). Khi son tho ch cn cch lnh v i tng lnh mt nhp (du cch), khng cn ch ch in v ch thng, my s t dch v chnh ch cho ph hp. Trong qu trnh son tho c th ghi cc ch thch nu cn. 7. Vo View xem li dng LAD (Ladder) hoc RBD. 8. Dch chng trnh t biu tng hoc t PLC \ compile, nu mun dch c chng trnh th t PLC \ compile All. Khi dch chng trnh cc li s c thng bo phn thng bo trng thi. 9. chng trnh sang PLC t biu tng hoc t File \ Download, c th phi kim tra li cm ghp ni cho ph hp t Communications. 10 Mun ct, in chng trnh..., c th thc hin t biu tng hoc vo File chn ch ct v ch in cn thit.

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2. S dng phn mm Step7-200 for Dos Thao lc chun b: 1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows. 2. Chy trnh S7-200 t biu tng hoc t file chng trnh, mn hnh ch bt u c dng nh hnh P.20. Trong hnh P.20: EXIT-F1: Thot. SETUP-F2: Chn ngn ng, t c php cho bin nh. Ch ngn ng giao din ch International ONLENE-F4: Khi my tnh c ni vi PLC. COLOR-F6: Chn mu. PGMS-F7: Chng trnh qun l file. OFLINE-F8: Khi my tnh khng ni vi PLC. Ch PID ch tn file ang s dng.

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3. Chn PGMS, n phm F7 (cc phn tip sau thao tc chn v n phm c vit gn thnh PGMS-F7), vo chng trnh qun l file m file mi hoc file c. m file mi chn DIR-F5 vo a, chn SELECT-F8 xc nhn, n Enter hin cc th mc, chn th mc sau chn SELECT-F8 xc nhn, chn EXIT-F1 thot v mn hnh trc , t tn file v chn SELECT-F8 xc nhn, chn ABORT-F1 v mn hnh ban u, n file v ng dn c thit lp. 4. Chn ch ONLINE-F4, ri xc nhn a ch cng ghp ni vi PLC. 5. n F7 chn ch son tho LAD hoc STL. 6. Chn EDIT-F2 vo ch son tho, pha di mn hnh son tho c dng th mc hng dn cc cch v cc lnh son tho. 7a. Son tho vi STL dng hng dn c dng nh hnh P.2 1 :

Hnh P.21. Dng hng dn son tho STL Trong : EXIT-F1: thot v trang trc , INSNW-F2: Chn mt network pha trn con tr, DELLN-F4: Xa mt dng c con tr, INSLN-F5: Chn mt dng pha trn con tr, DELFLD-F6: Xa tham s ni con tr. S dng cc phm v phm ENTER di chuyn con tr n v tr son tho. 7b. Son tho vi LAD dng hng dn c dng nh hnh P.22: du cng cui dng th hin th mc vn cn cn n phm Spacebar chuyn i.

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Hnh P.22. Dng hng dn son tho LAD Trong : EXIT-F1: Thot v trang mn hnh trc , Cc phm F2 n F7 (dng trn) chn cc tip im, cun dy, hp, ENTER-F8: Xc nh mt network c son tho, HORZ-F1: k mt on ngang t v tr con tr sang phi, VERT-F2: k mt on dc t v tr con tr xung di, HORZD-F3: xa mt on ngang, VERTD-F4: xa mt on dc. S dng cc phm di chuyn con tr n v tr son tho. Khi son xong mt tip im, hp... dng phm ENTER xc nhn. Khi son xong mt network phi dng F8 xc nhn, nu dng ENTER c ngha mun xung dng m rng (nhnh) cho network. 8. Chn EXIT-F1 tr v mn hnh trc . 9. Chn STL-F7 xem dng STL. 10 Chn WRITDK-F8 chng trnh sang PLC. 11 Mun in chng trnh, hoc thc hin cc thao tc la chn khc th lm theo ch dn dng th mc cui mn hnh hoc vo phn Help.

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4. Lp trnh cho PLC - S7-300 S dng phn mm S7-300. 1. Khi ng

1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, bt cng tc ngun ca khi ngun PS ca PLC, cng tc ca khi CPU v tr STOP. 2. Khi ng phn mm Step7 t biu tng hoc t file chng trnh nh hnh P.23. 2. Ci t phn cng 1. Cng tc ca CPU phi ch STOP. 2. Vo File to mt th mc chng trnh mi (hoc m mt th mc chng trnh c) (v mt chng trnh ca S7-300 l c tht th mc Project). Mt chng trnh ca S7-300 s c dng nh hnh P.24 (khi to ). Nu m mt th mc chng trnh c sn chng trnh th c th b qua mt s bc sau. 3. M th mc chng trnh Project chn phn cng t Insert / Station / Simatic 300 Station. 4. M th mc Simatic 300(l) ci t phn cng. 5. M th mc Hardware bt u ci t phn cng, mn hnh ban u ci t phn cng c dng nh hnh P.25. 6. Nhy vo du + ca SIMATIC 300 chn ln lt cc khi ca cu hnh cng. Nn chn cc khi thc trn PLC nh trn hnh P.26.

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Phi nhy vo du + m chng trnh. + Chn gi : Chn RACK-300 v chn Rail. + Chn khi ngun: Chn PS-300 v chn ngun c. + Chn khi CPU: Chn CPU-300 v chn CPU 314, chn loi c tham s (c ch ra phn th hin tham s hnh P.26) nh tham s ca CPU hin c (c ch ra dng trn cng v dng di cng ca CPU. + Chn khi giao din: IM (Interfare), khi cn khi ghp ni th chn khi ghp ni, nu khng c c th b qua. Khi b qua khi ghp ni phi trng v tr ca khi ghp ni (v tr 3 ca Rail hnh P.26). + Chn cc khi vo ra: Chn SM-300 v ln lt chn cc khi vo ra theo ng m hiu c ghi trn dng u v dng cui mi khi. + Chn khi ghp ni: CP-300 v chn CP340 RS 232C. Khi ghp ni ny ghp ni vi cc thit b ngoi. Mn hnh sau khi chn khi c dng nh hnh P.26. 7. cu hnh sang PLC t PLC \ Download hoc biu tng, nhn OK xc nhn a ch gi (Rack), a ch CPU v a ch cng ghp ni.

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3. Son tho chng trnh 1. Tr v th mc chng trnh chnh Project, xc nhn vic ct cu hnh cng vi file. 2. M th mc chng trnh chnh Project chn chng trnh son tho vo t Insert / program / S7 Program. 3. M th mc S7 Program, trong s c cc th mc: Source File, Symbols, Blocks. 4. M th mc Blocks, nu cn th chn thm cc khi (Blocks) cn thit khc cho chng trnh t Insert / S7 Blocks. 5. M khi OB1 nu lp trnh trn khi OB1, chn kiu lp trnh STL t Language (c th chn kiu lp trnh khc) ri chn OK. Mn hnh lp trnh c dng nh hnh P.27. 6. C th chn ch online kt ni trc tip vi PLC hoc omine khng ni trc tip vi PLC, chn ch omine khi son xong chng trnh phi sang PLC. 7. C th t tn cho khi, tn cho on (Networks) v cc ch thch nu cn. 8. Tin hnh son tho, khi son tho ch cn cch m lnh v i tng lnh mt nhp my s t ng dch khong cch cho ph hp. 9. Son tho ht mt Networks th chn thm Networks mi t biu tng hoc Insert / Network. 10. Xem li dng LAD hoc FBD t View / LAD hoc View / FBD. 11. Son tho xong chng trnh sang PLC t biu tng hoc t PLC / Download kim tra, khi chng trnh PLC phi trng thi STOP.

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Ch : Khi lp trnh c th cc k hiu khng ng (khng lp trnh c, chng hn g a ch I 0.0 bo li, g M 0.0 th nhn) l do chn ngn ng khng ng. kim tra ngn ng lm nh sau: + T mn hnh son tho nh hnh P.27 chn Options/customize... c ca s nh hnh P.28. + Trong ca s Editor hnh P.28, hp kim Mnemonics phi l Internectiona nh hnh P.28a. Nu trong hp kim Mnemonics l SMATIC nh hnh P.28b l sai ngn ng (dng ting c). Mun i ngn ng c th lp trnh c phi quay li mn hnh ban u nh hnh P.24 v tin hnh cc bc: + T mn hnh P.24 chn Options/customize... c ca s ca mn hnh Customize nh hnh P.29. Trong mn hnh Customize ca s Language ti hp kim Language phi chn English, li hp kim Mnemonics phi chn English nh hnh P.29 sau nhn OK.

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120

PH LC 2 BNG LNH CA CC PHN MM PLC


1. BNG LNH CA PLC CPM1A
TT 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Tn lnh AND AND LD AND NOT CNT LD


LD NOT OR OR LD OR NOT OUT OUT NOT TIM NOP END IL ILC JMP JME FAL FALS STEP

22 SNXT 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 SET KEEP CNTR DIFU DIFD TIMH WSFT CMP MOV MVN BIN

M t Nhn logic trng thi ca bt xc nh vi iu kin thc hin. Nhn logic cc kt qu ca cc khi xc nh. Nhn logic gi tr o ca bt xc nh vi iu kin thc hin. m li. Khi ng mt dy lnh vi trng thi ca bt xc nh hoc d nh ngha mt khi logic c dng vi ANDLD hoc ORLD. Khi ng mt dy lnh vi nghch o ca bt xc nh. Cng logic trng thi ca bt xc nh vi iu kin thc hin. Cng kt qu ca cc khi nh trc. Cng logic nghch o bt xc nh vi iu kin thc hin. a ra cng ra gi tr ca bt thc hin. a ra cng ra gi tr nghch o ca bt thc hin Qu trnh thi gian tr ON Khng thc hin g c, qu trnh chuyn sang lnh bn cnh. Lnh kt thc chng trnh. Nu iu kin kho cho l OFF tt c cc u ra l OFF v ton b thi gian (time) s phc hi gia IL ny (02) v IL khc (03). Cc lnh khc c iu hnh nh l lnh NOP (00), b m vn duy tr. Nu iu kin nhy b tt (OFF) tt c cc lnh gia JMP (04) v JME (05) tng ng b b qua. Pht mt li khng tin nh v cho ra FAL vo b lp trnh cm tay. Pht mt li tin nh v cho ra FALS vo b lp trnh cm tay. Khi dng vi bt iu khin s xc nh im bt u mt bc mi v phc hi (R) bc trc . Khi khng dng vi bt iu khin s xc nh im cui ca vic thc hin bc. Dng vi mt bt iu khin ch ra kt thc bc, phc hi bc v bt u bc tip theo. To ra b ghi dch bt. xc nh mt bt nh l mt cht iu khin bi cc u vo t v phc hi. Tng hoc gim s m bi mt trong s cc tn hiu vo. t bt xc nh cho mt chu k ti sn trc ca xung vo. Nhn logic trng thi ca bt xc nh vi iu kin thc hin. B thi gian tc cao c tr Dch chuyn d liu gia cc t u v cui trong nhm t, vit 0 vo t u so snh ni dung ca 2 t v a ra kt qu cc c GR, EQ, LE. Chp d liu ngun (t hoc hng s) vo t dch. o d liu ngun (t hoc hng s) sau chp n vo t ch Chuyn d liu 4 s dng BCD trong t ngun thnh d liu nh phn 16 bt v da d liu d c chuyn vo t kt qu.

121

TT Tn lnh M t 34 BCD Chuyn d liu nh phn trong t ngun thnh BCD sau da d liu chuyn m ra t kt qu. 35 ASL Dch tng bt trong t n ca d liu v bn tri c CY 36 ASR Dch tng bt trong t n ca d liu v bn phi c CY 37 ROL Quay cc bt trong t n ca d liu mt bt v bn tri c CY 38 ROR Quay cc bt trong t n ca d liu mt bt v bn phi c CY 39 COM o trng thi bt ca mt t d liu. 40 ADD Cng 2 gi tr BCD 4 s vi ni dung ca CY v a kt qu n t ghi kt qu c bit. 41 SUB Tr mt gi tr BCD 4 s v CY t mt gi tr BCD 4 bt khc v a kt qu 42 MUL Nhn 2 gi tr BCD 4 s v a kt qu ti t kt qu c bit. 43 DIV Chia s BCD 4 s cho s b chia BCD 4 s v a kt qu ti t kt qu c bit. 44 ANDW Nhn logic 2 t vo 16 bt v t bt tng ng vo t kt qu nu cc bt tng ng trong cc t vo u ON. 45 ORW Cng logic 2 t vo 16 bt v t bt tng ng vo t kt qu nu cc bt tng ng trong d liu vo l ON. 46 XORW Cng o (EXNOR) 2 t 16 bt v t bt vo t kt qu khi cc bt tng ng trong cc t vo c trng thi khc nhau. 47 XNRW Cng o (EXNOR) 2 t 16 bt v t bt vo t kt qu khi cc bt tng ng trong cc t vo c cng trng thi. 48 INC Tng t BCD 4 s ln 1 n v. 49 DEC Gim t BCD 4 s i 1 n v. 50 STC t c mang sang (bt ON, CY) 51 CLC Xo c mang sang (tt OF, CY) 52 TRSM Khi u d liu, khng dng vi CQM 1 -CPU 11/21 -E. 53 MSG Hin th thng bo 16 v tr tn b lp trnh. 54 ADB Cng 2 gi tr Hexa 4 s vi ni dung ca CY v gi kt qu ti t kt qu xc nh. 55 SBB Tr gi tr Hexa 4 s cho mt gi tr Ilexa 4 s, CY v gi kt qu ti t kt qu. 56 MLB Nhn 2 s tr Hexa 4 s v gi kt qu ti t kt qu xc nh. 57 DVB Chia s tr Hexa 4 s cho s Hexa 4 s v gi kt qu ti t kt qu xc nh 58 ADDL Cng 2 gi tr 8 s (2 tr mt) v ni dung ca CY v gi kt qu ti cc t kt qu xc nh. 59 SUBL Tr gi tr BCD 8 s cho mt gi tr BCD 8 s v CY v gi kt qu vo t kt qu. 60 MULL Nhn 2 gi tr BCD 8 s v gi kt qu vo cc t kt qu xc nh. 61 DIVL Chia s BCD 8 s cho s BCD 8 s v gi kt qu n cc t kt qu xc nh. 62 BINL Chuyn gi tr BCD thnh cc t nh phn ngun lin kt v a d liu chuyn i n 2 t kt qu lin tip. 63 BCDL Chuyn gi tr nh phn thnh hai t BCD ngun lin tip v da d liu d chuyn i n 2 t kt qu lin tip. 64 XFER Chuyn 1 s t ngun lin tip thnh t ch lin tip 65 BSET sao chp ni dung 1 t hoc 1 hng s thnh mt s t lin tip.

122

TT Tn lnh M t 66 ROOT Bnh phng (khai cn) ca gi tr BCD 8 s v a ra kt qu s nguyn 4 ch s ct ngt v gi kt qu ra 1 t nh trc. 67 XCIIG Trao i ni dung ca hai t khc nhau. 68 @COLM Chp 16 bt ca mt t xc nh vo mt ct bt ca cc t 16 bt lin tip. 69 CPS So snh hai gi tr nh phn 16 bt (4 s) nh du v a kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE. 70 CPSL So snh hai gi tr nh phn 32 bt (8 s) d nh du v a kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE. 71 @DBS Chia 1 gi tr nh phn 16 bt nh du cho mt gi tr khc v da kt qu nh phn 32 bt nh du vo t R n R+l. 72 @DBSL Chia 1 gi tr nh phn 32 bt nh du cho mt gi tr khc v a kt qu nh phn 64 bt nh du vo t R+3 n R. 73 @FCS Kim tra li trong d liu truyn bi lnh Host linh. 74 @FPD Tim li trong cm cc lnh. 75 @HEX Chuyn i d liu ASCII thnh d liu hexa. 76 @HKY Vo d liu hexa n 8 s t bn 16 phm. 77 @HMS Chuyn i d liu giy (s) thnh d liu gi (h) v pht (mm). 78 @XE Chp mt bt ca cm 16 l lin lip vo t xc nh. 79 @MAX Tm gi tr cc i trong khng gian d liu xc nh v a gi tr ny ti t khc. 80 @MBS Nhn ni dung nh phn nh du ca hai t v a kt qu nh phn 8 bt nh du vo R+l v R. 81 @MBSL Nhn hai gi tr nh phn 32 bt (8 s) nh du v a kt qu nh phn 16 bt nh du vo R+3 n R. 82 @MIN Tm gi tr cc tiu trong khng gian d liu xc nh v a gi tr ny vo t khc. 83 @NEG Chuyn i ni dung hexa 4 ch s ca t ngun thnh phn b modul 2 ca n v a kt qu vo R. 84 @NEGL Chuyn i ni dung hexa 8 ch s ca t ngun thnh phn b modul 2 ca n v a kt qu vo R v R+l. 85 PID (Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) th hin iu khin PID da trn cc thng s xc nh. 86 @PLS2 (Ch c CQM 1 -CPV43E) Tng tc xung ra t 0 ti tn s ch. 87 @PWM (Ch c CQM 1 -CPV43E) a ra cng mt v hai cc xung c t s lun phin xc nh (0%-99%). 88 @RXD Nhp d liu thng qua cng lin lc. 89 @SCL2 (Ch c CQM 1-CPV43E) Chuyn i tuyn tnh mt gi tr hexa 4 s nh du thnh gi tr s BCD 4 ch s. 90 @SCL3 (Ch c CQM 1 -CPV43E) Chuyn i tuyn tnh mt gi tr BCD 4 ch s thnh gi tr hexa 4 ch s nh du. 91 @SEC Chuyn i d liu gi (h) v pht thnh d liu giy (s). 92 @SBBL Tr i mt gi tr nh phn 8 ch s (bnh thng hoc nh du) tr gi tr khc v a kt qu ra R v R +1. 93 @SRCH Kim tra phm vi xc nh ca b nh dng cho d liu xc nh. a cc a ch t cc t trong phm vi cha d liu. 94 @SUM Tnh tng ni dung cc t trong phm vi xc nh ca b nh.

123

TT Tn lnh M t 95 @XFRB Chp trng thi ca nhiu nht l 255 bt ngun xc nh vo cc bt ch xc nh. 96 @ZCP So snh mt t vi mt di xc nh bi gii hn thp v cao v a kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE. 97 ZCPL So snh mt gi tr 8 ch s vi mt di xc nh bi cc gii hn thp v cao sau da kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE. 98 SLD Dch tri d liu gia cc t u v cui mt ch s (4 bt) v l bn tri. 99 SRD Dch phi d liu gia cc t u v cui mt ch s (4 bt) v bn phi. 100 MLPX Chuyn i 4 ch s hexa trong t ngun thnh gi tr thp phn t 0 n 15 v ghi vo cc t hoc cc bt kt qu c v tr tng ng vi gi tr c chuyn i. 101 DMPX Xc nh v tr ON cao nht trong t ngun v chuyn cc bt tng ng vo t kt qu. 102 SDEC Chuyn gi tr hexa t ngun n d liu cho hin th 7 thanh. 103 DIST Chuyn mt t ca d liu ngun n t cui m a ch ca n c cho bi t cui cng vi OFF SET. 104 CON Li d liu t ngun v vit n vo t cui. 105 MOVB Truyn bt xc nh ca t hoc bng s ngun n bt xc nh ca t cui. 106 MOVD Chuyn ni dung hexa ca cc ch s ngun 4 bt xc nh t cc ch s cui xc nh. ti a l 4 ch s. 107 SFTR Dch d liu trong tng ngun hoc ch cui cc t ngun xc nh v hn tri hoc bn phi. 108 TCMP So snh gi tr hexa 4 ch s vi gi tr trong bng gm 16 t. 109 ASC Chuyn i cc gi tr hexa t ngun thnh m ASII 8 bt bt u ti na tn cng bn tri hoc phi ca t u xc nh. 110 SBS Gi v thc hin chng trnh con. 111 SBN nh du bt u ca chng trnh con. 112 RET Kt thc ca chng trnh con v tr v chng trnh chnh. 113 IOFF Lm ti tt c u vo v ra gia t u v t cui. 114 MACRO Gi v thc hin chng trnh con thay th cc t vo ra. 115 @ASFT To mt b ghi dch trao i ni dung ca cc t lin kt khi mt trong cc t l 0. 116 @MCMP so snh mt cm 16 t lin tip vi mt cm 16 t lin tip khc. 117 @RXD o d liu thng qua mt cng lin lc (cng COM). 118 @TXD Gi d liu thng qua mt cng lin lc. 119 CMPL So snh 2 i lng hexa 8 ch s. 120 @INI Khi ng v dng qu trnh m, so snh v chuyn PV ca b m, dng u ra xung. 121 @PRV c PV ca b m v d liu trng thi cho b m c tc cao nht. 122 @CTBL So snh PV ca b m v pht mt bn trc tip hoc l khi ng qu trnh chy. 123 @SPED a ra cc xung vi tn s xc nh (10 Hz 50 kHz trong cc b 10 Hz) tn s ra c th thay i trong khi cc xung ang c a ra. 124 @PULS a ra mt s xc nh cc xung c tn s xc nh, u ra xung khng dng cho n khi s lng xung c a ra ht. 125 @SCL Th hin s i thang o cho gi tr tnh ton. 126 @BCNT m tng s cc bt ang chy (ON) trong cm t xc nh.

124

TT Tn lnh M t 127 @BCMP Quyt nh xem gi tr ca mt t c nm trong phm vi xc nh bi gii hn di v trn. 128 @STIM iu khin Time khong dng cho cc ngt th tc. 129 DSW a vo d liu BCD 4 hoc 8 ch s t mt chuyn mch s. 130 7SEG Chuyn d liu BCD 4 hoc 8 ch s thnh dng hin th 7 thanh. 131 @INT Th hin iu khin v ngt nh l mt n hoc khng mt n cc bt ngt cho cc ngt vo ra. 132 @ACC Cho (CQM 1-CPV43-E) cng vi PVLS (-) ACC (-) iu khin tng tc v gim tc cc xung ra t cng 1 v 2. 133 @ABDL Cng hai gi tr nh phn 8 ch s (d kin thng hoc ng du) v a kt qu ra R v R +1. 134 @APR Th hin cc php tnh sin, cosin hoc cc tim cn tuyn lnh. 135 AVG Cng mt s xc nh cc t hexa v tnh gi tr chnh, quay du thp phn i mt khong 4 ch s.

2. BNG LNH CA PLC - S5 (Siemens - Ty c)


TT Tn lnh M t

2.1. Cc lnh c bn: (S dng vi khi OB, PB, FB, SB) 2.1.1. Nhm lnh i s logic Bool
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ) A A( AN O O( ON n n n n

Dng ng ngoc biu thc m ngoc trc , lnh ny khng c i tng. Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im n (n v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO. Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca im n (n v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im n (n v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca im n (n v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.

2.1.2. Lnh set, reset


Ni dung ca RLO hin hnh c gn cho i tng n. Nu ni dung ca RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 0 s c gn cho i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay i 10 S n Nu ni dung RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 1 s c gn cho i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay i. 2.1.3. Lnh np v truyn 11 L n Ni dung ca i tng lnh (n v byte) c sao chp vo ACCU1 khng ph thuc vo RLO, ni dung trc ca ACCU1 chuyn sang ACCU2. 12 LD n Np ni dung i tng n (dng m BCD) vo ACCU1 khng ph thuc RLO. 13 T n Ni dung ca ACCU1 truyn cho i tng n (n v byte) khng ph thuc RLO, v d truyn cho vng m u ra.
8 9 = R n n

125

TT

Tn lnh
T

M t Xo b thi gian nu RLO = 1 B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t, khi RLO v 0 th b thi gian v khng ngay. B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn ln) v duy tr d thi gian t, khng ph thuc RLO na. B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO, khi RLO v khng th b thi gian cn duy tr mt khong thi gian bng thi gian t. B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn ln) v duy tr cho n khi t thi gian t (RLO = 1), khi RLO = 0 th b thi gian v 0 ngay. B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t v khng ph thuc RLO na, n ch v khng khi c lnh xo R. S m gim 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO na. S m tng 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO na. Xo b m nu RLO = 1 t b m nu RLO = 1 So snh bng nhau ca hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2 (dng bt) Cng ni dung hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu np vo ACCU1 (lnh ny ch c STL). So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c nh hn hay bng ACCU1 khng ? So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c nh hn ACCU1 khng? So snh i tng lnh trong hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2 xem c khc nhau khng ? So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c ln hn hay bng ACCU1 khng ? So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c ln hn ACCU1 khng? Tr ni dung thanh ghi ACCU1 vi ni dung thanh ghi ACCU2, kt qu np vo ACCU1 (lnh ny ch c STL).

2.1.4 lnh v thi gian


14 R 15 SD 16 SE 17 SF 18 SP 19 SS

2.1.5. Lnh ca b m
20 CD 21 CU 22 R 23 S 24 !=F 25 +F 26 <=F 27 <F 28 ><F 29 >=F 30 >F 31 -F C C

2.1.6. Cc lnh ton hc

2.1.7. Cc lnh gi khi.


32 C 33 G 34 JC 35 JU n

n n

Gi khi d liu DB, khng ph thuc vo RLO, qut chng trnh khng b gin on, RLO khng b nh hng. To lp hoc xo khi d liu c lp vi RLO. Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu RLO = 1. Nhy sang lm vic khi n, khng ph thuc RLO v RLO khng b nh hng. Lnh kt thc khi. Lnh kt thc c iu kin gia khi (RLO = 1) Lnh kt thc khng iu kin gia khi, khng ph thuc RLO.

2.1.8. Cc lnh kt thc.


36 BE 37 BEC 38 BEU

126

TT

Tn lnh
0 1

M t M lnh 16 bt trong RAM u bng 0 ( gi ch). M lnh 16 bt trong RAM u bng 1 ( gi ch). Lnh dng cui chng trnh, b PLC i vo trng thi ngh.

2.1.9. Cc 1nh thng.


39 NOP 40 NOP 41 STP

2.1.10. Lnh dng 2.2. Cc 1nh thay th (ch dng vi khi FB) 2.2.1. Cc lnh i s logic Bool thay th.
42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 A= AN= AW DO= O= ON= OW XOR RU SU TB TBN == RB= RD= S= FR= SD= SEC= SFD= SP= SSU= L= LD= LW= T=

Lnh AND thay th. Lnh AND o thay th. T hp tng bt theo lut logic AND. Lnh DO thay th. Lnh OR thay th. Lnh OR o thay th. T hp tng bt theo lut logic OR. T hp tng bt theo lut logic OR c bit. Lnh xo bt khng iu kin. t mt bt v iu kin. Trc nghim bt cho trng thi tn hiu 1 Trc nghim bt cho trng thi tn hiu 0. Lnh gn thay th. Lnh xo i tng lnh hnh thc. Lnh xo i tng lnh hnh thc dng s. Lnh t i tng lnh hnh thc. Lnh kh thi thay th. Lnh khi ng b thi gian bt u tr hnh thc. Khi ng b thi gian m rng hoc b m. Lnh khi ng b thi gian tt tr hoc b m xung. Lnh khi ng b thi gian xung hnh thc. Lnh khi ng b thi gian bt u tr. Lnh np thay th. Lnh np i tng hnh thc dng c s BCD. Lnh np mu bt ca i tng lnh hnh thc. Lnh truyn i tng lnh hnh thc. Ni dung ACCU1 c chuyn i tng bt mt. B sung cho 2. Dy bt trong ACCU1 dch sang tri. Dy bt trong ACCU1 dch sang phi.

2.2.2. Cc lnh v bt.

2.2.3. Lnh st, reset thay th.

2.2.4. Cc lnh v thi gian v m

2.2.5. Cc lnh np l truyn.

2.2.6. Cc lnh chuyn i.


68 CTW 69 CSW 70 SLW 71 SRW

2.2.7. Cc 1nh dch chuyn.

127

TT
72 73 74 75 76 77 78

Tn lnh
JC= JM= JN: JO= JP= JU= JZ=

M t Nhy c iu kin (RLO = l) Nhy nu kt qu l m (CC1 = 0, CC0 = 1). Nhy nu kt qu l (0,0) (CC1 = l, CC0 = 0). Nhy khi c trn. Nhy nu kt qu l dng (CC1 = l, CC0 = 0). Nhy khng iu kin. Nhy nu kt qu l 0 (CC1 = 0, CC0 = 0)

2.2.8. Cc lnh nhy.

2.2.9. Cc lnh khc.


79 D 80 DO 81 FR 82 83 84 85 I IA LRS RA

Gim ni dung trong ACCU1. X l t c hoc t d liu. TC Tc ng vo TIME hoc COUTER c khi khng c bin i sn khi ng b thi gian, t mt b m m ln hoc m xung. Tng ni dung trong ACCU1. Lnh cm ngt. Np min d liu h thng (np min RS... vo ACCU1). Cho php ngt. Lnh cng mt hng s. Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu RLO = 1. Nhy sang lm vic khi n, khng ph thuc RLO v RLO khng b nh hng. Lnh np gin tip thanh ghi. Lnh xo bt khng iu kin. lnh dng tc khc. t mt bt v iu kin. Lnh trao i ni dung thanh ghi. Lnh truyn gin tip thanh ghi. Lnh truyn mt trng d liu.

2.2.10. Nhm lnh h thng.


86 ADD 87 JC 88 JU 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 LIR RU STS SU TAK TIR TNB n n

3. BNG LNH CA PLC - S7-200 (Siemens - Ty c)


TT
1 =

Tn lnh
N

M t

3.1. Cc lnh thc hin v iu kin


Gi tr bt u tin trong ngn xp c sao chp sang im n ch dn trong lnh. 2 =I N Gi tr bt u tin trong ngn xp c sao chp trc tip sang im n ch dn ngay khi lnh c thc hin. 3 A N Gi tr bt u tin ca ngn xp c thc hin bng php tnh AND vi im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. 4 AB<= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu gi tr byte n1 khng ln hn gi tr ca byte n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. 5 AB= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu gi tr ca hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp.

128

TT Tn lnh 6 AB>= n1,n2

M t Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu gi tr ca hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. 7 AD<= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai t kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. 8 AD>= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai t kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. 9 A D = n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai t kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. 10 AI N Lnh AND c thc hin tc thi gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi im n c ch dn. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u ca ngn xp. 11 ALD Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin v ca bt th hai trong ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp, cc gi tr cn li trong ngn xp c ko ln mt bt. 12 AN N Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt du tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr nghch o ca im n trong ch dn. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp 13 ANI N Thc hin tc thi lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr nghch o ca im n trong ch dn. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. (5) 14 AR<= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. 15 AR= n1,n2(5) Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. 16 AR>= n1,n2(5) Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. 17 AW<= n 1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. 18 AW= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. 19 AW>= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. 20 CTU Cxx,PV Khi ng b m tin theo sn ln tn hiu u vo. B m c t li trng thi ban u (Reset) nu u vo R ca b m c kch. 21 CTDU Cxx,PV Khi ng b m tin theo sn ln tn hiu u vo th nht v m li theo sn ln tn hiu th hai. B m c t li trng thi ban u (reset) nu u vo R ca b m c kch. 22 ED t gi tr logic 1 vo bt u tin ca ngn xp khi xut hin sn xung ca tn hiu.

129

TT Tn lnh 23 EU
24 LD n

25 LDB<= n1,n2 26 LDB= n1,n2 27 LDB>= n1,n2 28 LDD= n1,n2 29 LDD>= n1,n2 30 LDI 31 LDN n n

32 LDNI n 33 LDR<= n1,n2(5) 34 LDR= n1,n2(5) 35 LDR>= n1,n2(5) 36 LDW<=n1,n2(5) 37 LDW= n1,n2(5) 38 LDW>=n1,n2(5) 39 LPP 40 LPS 41 LRD 42 MEND (l)(2) 43 NOT 44 O n 45 OB<= n1, n2

46 OB=

n1, n2

M t t gi tr logic 1 vo bt u tin ca ngn xp khi xut hin sn ln ca tn hiu. Np gi tr logic ca im n ch dn trong lnh vo bt u tin ca ngn xp. Bt u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Bt u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni ung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Bt u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Bt u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Bt u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Lnh np tc thi gi tr logic ca tip im n ch dn trong lnh vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Lnh np gi tr logic nghch o ca tip im n ch dn trong lnh vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Lnh np tc thi gi tr logic nghch o ca tip im n ch dn trong lnh vo bt u tin trong ngn xp Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Ko ni dung ca ngn xp ln mt bt. Gi tr mi ca bt trn l gi tr c ca bt di, su ca ngn xp gim i mt bt. Sao chp gi tr bt u tin trong ngn xp vo bt th hai. Ni dung cn li ca ngn xp b y xung mt bt. Sao chp gi tr ca bt th hai vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Gi tr cn li ca ngn xp gi nguyn. Kt thc phn chng trnh trong mt vng qua. o gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u tin trong ngn xp.

130

TT Tn lnh 47 OB>= n1, n2

48 OD<= n1, n2

49 OD=

n1, n2

50 OD>= n1, n2

51 OI 52 OLD

53 ON

54 ONI

55 OR<= n1,n2(5)

56 OR=

n1,n2(5)

57 OR>= n1,n2(5)

58 OW<= n1,n2(5)

59 OW=

n1,n2(5)

60 OW>= n1,n2(5)

61 RET 62 RET

(l)(3)(4) (2)(3)(4)

M t Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin tc thi ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u v bt th hai trong ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u tin trong ngn xp, cc gi tr cn li ca ngn xp c chuyn ln mt bt. Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic nghch o ca im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u tin trong ngn xp Thc hin tc thi ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic nghch o ca im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u trong ngn xp Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu ghi vo bt u trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 > n2. Kt qu ghi li vo bt u trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 < n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u lin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u trong ngn xp. Thc hin ton t OR gia bt u tin ca ngn xp vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bt u trong ngn xp. Lnh thot khi chng trnh con v tr iu khin chng trnh gi n. Lnh thot khi chng trnh x l ngt (interrupt) v tr iu khin chng trnh chnh. Thc hin php nhn hai s thc (32bt) IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Thc hin php chia hai s thc (32bt) IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2.

3.2. Cc lnh c iu kin


63 *R 64 /R IN1, IN2(5) IN1, IN2(5)

131

TT Tn lnh 65 +D IN1, IN2 66 +I IN1, IN2 67 +R IN1, IN2(5) 68 ANDD IN1, IN2 69 ANDW IN1, IN2 70 AICH INT, EVENT 71 ATH INT, OUT, LEN 72 ATT DATA TABLE 73 BCDI IN
74 BMB IN, OUT,N 75 BMW IN, OUT,N 76 CALL n(1)(6) 77 CRET (l)(3)(4) 78 CRETI (2)(3)(4) 79 -D IN1, IN2 80 DECD IN 81 DECO IN, OUT 82 DECW IN 83 DSIS (1) 84 DIV IN1, IN2 85 DTCH EVENT 86 DTR IN, OUT(5) 87 ENCO IN,OUT
(l) 88 ENI 89 FIFO TABLE, DATA(5) 90 FILL IN, OUT,N

M t Thc hin php cng hai s nguyn kiu t kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Thc hin php cng hai s nguyn kiu t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Thc hin php cng hai s thc (32bt) li v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Thc hin ton t AND gia cc gi tr kiu t kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Thc hin ton t AND gia cc gi tr kiu t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Khai bo chng trnh x l ngt INT theo kiu EVENT Bin i mt su k t t m ASCII t v tr IN (kiu byte) vi di LEN (kiu byte) sang m hexa (c s 16) v ghi vo mng k t byte OUT. Ni mt gi tr kiu t DATA (2 byte) vo bng TABLE. Bin i mt gi tr t m BCD c di 2 byte sang kiu nguyn. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN. Sao chp mt mng gm N byte k t v tr u IN (byte) vo mng c v tr l OUT (kiu byte) sao chp mt mng t (2 byte) vi di N (1 byte) v v tr du IN (2 byte) vo mng c v tr u OUT. Gi chng trnh con c nh nhn n. Kt thc mt chng trnh con v tr iu khin v chng trnh gi n. Kt thc mt chng trnh x l ngt v tr iu khin v chng trnh chnh. Thc hin php tr hai s nguyn kiu t kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. Gim gi tr ca t kp IN i mt n v. Gii m gi tr ca mt byte IN sau gn gi tr 1 vo bt ca t OUT (2 byte) c ch s l IN. Gim gi tr ca t IN i mt n v. v hiu ho tt c cc ngt (interrupt). Chia s nguyn 16 bt, c xc nh l t thp ca IN2 (kiu t kp), cho IN1 kiu l. Kt qu c ghi li vo t IN2. V hiu ho mt ngt kiu EVENT Chuyn i mt s nguyn 32 bt IN c du sang thnh mt s thc 32 bt OUT Chuyn i ch s ca bt thp nht c gi tr logic 1 trong t IN sang thnh mt s nguyn v ghi vo bt cui ca byte OUT. t tt c cc ngt vo ch tch cc. Ly gi tr c cho vo u tin ra khi bng v chuyn n n vng d liu DATA c ch dn trong lnh. gi tr t IN vo mt mng nh gm N t (N c kiu byte) bt u t v tr OUT (kiu t).

132

TT Tn lnh 91 FND< SRC, PATRRI NDX(5) 92 END<> SRC, PATRRI, NDX(5) 93 FND= SRC, PATRRI, NDX(5) 94 FND> SRC, PATRRI, NDX(5)) 95 FOR INDEX INITIAL, FINAL(1)5 96 HDEF HSC, MODE(1) 97 HSC n 98 HTA IN,OUT, LEN 99 -I IN1, IN2
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117

M t Xc nh v tr nh trong bng SRC (kiu t), k t cho bi INDX (kiu t, = 0 nu t u bng) m gi tr nh hn gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t). Xc nh v tr nh trong bng SRC (kiu t), k t cho bi INDX (kiu t, = 0 nu t u bng) m gi tr khc gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t). Xc nh v tr nh trong bng SRC (kiu t), k t cho bi INDX (kiu t, = 0 nu t u bng) m gi tr bng gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t). Xc nh v tr nh trong bng SRC (kiu t), k t cho bi INDX (kiu t, = 0 nu t u bng) m gi tr ln hn gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t). Thc hin cc lnh nm gia FOR v NEXT theo kiu xoay vng vi b m s vng INDEX (kiu t), bt u t vng s INITIAL (kiu t) v kt thc ti vng FINAL (t). Xc nh kiu thut ton MODE cho b m tc cao HSC (byte).

a b m tc cao s n vo trng thi tch cc. Chuyn i mt s h hexa IN (kiu byte) thnh dy k t m ASCII v ghi vo mng byte bt u bng byte OUT vi di LEN (kiu byte). Thc hin php tr hai s nguyn kiu t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. IBCD IN Chuyn i gi tr nguyn l (kiu t) thnh gi tr BCD v ghi li vo IN. INCD IN Tng gi tr ca t kp IN ln mt n v. INCW IN Tng gi tr ca t IN ln mt n v. (1)(2)(4) INT N Khai bo nhn n cho chng trnh x l ngt. INVD IN Ly phn b kiu mt (o gi tr logic ca cc bt) ca mt t kp IN v ghi li vo in. JMP xx Chuyn iu khin vo nh nh bng nhn xx trong chng trnh c khai bo bi lnh LBL. LBL xx t nhn xx trong chng trnh, nh hng cho lnh nhy JMP. LIFO TABLE, Ly gi tr c cho vo bng sau cng ra khi bng TABLE v DATA(5) chuyn n n vng d liu DATA (kiu t). MOVB IN, OUT Sao gi tr ca byte IN sang byte OUT. MOVD IN, OUT Sao gi tr ca t kp IN sang t kp OUT. MOVR IN, Sao s thc IN sang OUT. OUT(5) MOVW IN, OUT Sao gi tr ca t IN sang t OUT. MUL IN1, IN2 Nhn hai s nguyn 16 bt IN1 vi hai byte thp ca s nguyn 32 bt IN2 sau ghi li kt qu vo IN2. NETR TABLE, Khi to truyn thng c d liu t ngoi vi qua cng lot vo bng PORT(5) TABLE. NETW TABLE, Khi to truyn thng ghi d liu ca bng TABLE ra ngoai vi qua PORT(5) cng PORT. NEXT (l)(5)(7) Lnh kt thc vng lp FOR... NEXT. NOP Lnh rng. ORD IN1, IN2 Thc hin ton t OR cho hai t kp IN1 v IN2, sau ghi kt qu li vo IN2.

133

TT Tn lnh 118 ORW IN1, IN2

M t Thc hin ton t OR cho hai t IN1 v IN2, sau ghi kt qu li vo IN2. (5) 119 PLS xx a b pht xung nhanh c nh ngha trong b nh c bit vo trng thi tch cc. Xung c a ra cng Qx.x. 120 R S_BT,n Xo mt mng gm n bt k t a ch S_BT (kiu bt). 121 -R IN1, Thc hin php tr hai s thc (32bt) IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. NT2(5) 122 Ri S_BT,n Xo tc thi mt mng gm n bt k t a ch S_BT. 123 RLD IN, n Quay trn t kp IN sang tri n bt. 124 RLW IN, n Quay trn t IN sang tri n bt. 125 RRD IN, n Quay trn t kp IN sang phi n bt. 126 RRW IN, n Quay trn t IN sang phi n bt. 127 S S_BT,n t gi tr logic 1 vo mt mng n bt k t a ch S_BT. 128 SBR N(1)(2)(4) Khai bo nhn n cho chng trnh con. 129 SEG IN, OUT Chuyn i gi tr ca 4 bt thp trong byte IN sang thnh m tng ng cho thanh ghi 7 nt v ghi vo OUT 130 SHRB DATA, Dch thanh ghi gm |n|0 bt c bt thp nht l S_BT sang tri nu n>0. S_BT,n hoc sang phi nu n<0. Gi tr ca bt DATA c a vo bt trng ca thanh ghi sau khi dch (bt S_BT nu n>0, hoc bt S_BT nu n<0) 131 SI S_BT,n t tc thi gi tr logic 1 vo mng n bt k t bt S_BT. 132 SLD IN,n Dch t kp IN sang tri mt bt. 133 SLW IN,n Dch t IN sang tri mt bt. 134 SQRT IN, OUT Ly cn bc hai ca s thc 32 bt IN v ghi kt qu vo OUT (32bt). 135 SRD IN,n Dch t kp IN sang phi mt bt. 136 SRW IN,n Dch t IN sang phi mt bt. 137 STOP Dng mm chng trnh. 138 SWAP IN i ch hai bt u tin v cui cng ca byte IN cho nhau. (5) 139 TODR T c gi v ngy thng sau hin thi t ng h v ghi vo b m 8 byte u l T. 140 TODW T(5) Ghi vo ng h gi tr thi gian, ngy, thng t b m 8 byte vi byte u l T. 141 TON Txx, PT Khi ng b pht thi gian tr Txx vi thi gian tr t trc l tch ca PT (kiu t) v phn gii ca b thi gian Txx c chn. 142 TONR Txx, PT Khi ng b pht thi gian tr c nh Txx vi thi gian tr t trc l tch ca PT(kiu t) v phn gii ca b thi gian Txx c chn. 143 TRUNG IN, Chuyn i mt s thc 32 bt IN thnh mt s nguyn 32 bt c u v OUT(5) ghi vo OUT. 144 WDR t chun li b pht xung kim tra. 145 XMT TABLE, Truyn ni dung ca bng TABLE n cng PORT. PORT 146 XORD IN1, Thc hin ton t exclusive OR cho cc bt ca hai t kp IN1 v IN2. IN2 Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2. 147 XORW IN1, Thc hin ton t exclusive OR cho cc bt ca hai t IN1 v IN2. Kt IN2 qu c ghi li vo IN2. (l) Nhng lnh khng thc hin c trong chng trnh x l ngt. Lnh INT ch c th l lnh bt u ca chng trnh x l ngt.

134

(2)

(3) (4) (5) (6)

(7)

Nhng lnh khng thc hin c trong chng trnh con. Lnh SBR ch c th l lnh bt u ca chng trnh con. Nhng lnh c km chc nng ghi li ni dung ca ngn xp trc . Nhng lnh khng s dng c trong chng trnh chnh. Nhng lnh ch c trong CPU 214. Ghi nh li ni dung tc thi ca ngn xp. t TOS ln 1 v gn gi tr logic 0 vo cc bt cn li ca ngn xp. t TOS ln 1.

4. BNG LNH CA PLC S7-300 (SIEMENS - Ty c)


TT 1 + 2 = 3 ) Tn lnh n n

4 +AR1 n 5 +AR2 n 6 +D 7 -D 8 *D 9 /D 10 = =D 11 <>D 12 >D 13 <D 14 >=D 15 <=D 16 +I 17 -I 18 *I 19 /I 20 = =I 21 <>l 22 >I

M t Cng vi hng s c vit im n. Ni dung ca RLO hin hnh c gn cho i tng n. Dng ng ngoc biu thc m ngoc trc , lnh ny khng c i tng. Cng ni dung ca ACCU1 hoc ni dung ti con tr n vi ni dung c a ch thanh ghi 1. Cng ni dung ca ACCU1 hoc ni dung ti con tr n vi ni dung c a ch thanh ghi 2. Cng 2 s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1. Tr s nguyn 32 bt ACCU2 cho s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1. Nhn 2 s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1. Chia s nguyn 32 bt ACCU2 cho s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1. So snh hai s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2 c bng nhau khng. So snh hai s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2 xem c khc nhau khng. So snh s nguyn 32 bt ACCU2 c ln hn s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1 khng. So snh s nguyn 32 bt ACCU2 c nh hn s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1 khng. So snh s nguyn 32 bt ACCU2 c ln hn hay bng s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1 khng. So snh s nguyn 32 bt ACCU2 c nh hn hay bng s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1 khng. Cng 2 s nguyn 16 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1. Tr s nguyn 16 bt ACCU2 cho s nguyn 16 bt ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1. Nhn 2 s nguyn 1 6 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1. Chia s nguyn 16 bt ACCU2 cho s nguyn 16 bt ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1. So snh hai s nguyn 16 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2 c bng nhau khng. So snh hai s nguyn 16 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2 xem c khc nhau khng. So snh s nguyn 16 bt ACCU2 c ln hn s nguyn 16 bt ACCU1 khng.

135

TT 23 <I 24 >=I 25 <=I 26 +R 27 -R 28 *R 29 /R

Tn lnh

30 = =R 31 <>R 32 >R 33 <R 34 >=R 35 <=R 36 A 37 A( 38 ABS 39 AD 40 AN 41 AN( 42 AW 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 BEC BEU BLD BTD BTI CAD CAR CAW CALL CC n n

M t So snh s nguyn 16 bt ACCU2 c nh hn s nguyn 16 bt ACCU1 khng. So snh s nguyn 16 bt ACCU2 c ln hn hay bng s nguyn 16 bt ACCU1 khng. So snh s nguyn 16 bt ACCU2 c nh hn hay bng s nguyn 16 bt ACCU1 khng. Cng 2 s thc 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1. Tr s thc 32 bt ACCU2 cho s thc 32 bt ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1. Nhn 2 s thc 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1. Chia s thc 32 bt ACCU2 cho s thc 32 bt ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1. So snh hai s thc 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2 c bng nhau khng. So snh hai s thc 32 bt ACCU1 v ACCU2 xem c khc nhau khng. So snh s thc 32 bt ACCU2 c ln hn s thc 32 bt ACCU1 khng. So snh s thc 32 bt ACCU2 c nh hn s thc 32 bt ACCU1 khng. So snh s thc 32 bt ACCU2 c ln hn hay bng s thc 32 bt ACCU1 khng. So snh s thc 32 bt ACCU2 c nh hn hay bng s thc 32 bt ACCU1 khng. Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im n (n v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO. Ly gi tr tuyt i ca s thc 32 bt. Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1 (32 bt). Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca im n (n v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca biu thc trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1 (16 bt). Lnh kt thc c iu kin gia khi (RLO:l) Lnh kt thc khi khng iu kin, khng ph thuc RLO. Hin th lnh ca chng trnh. Chuyn s dng m BCD sang s nguyn 32 bt. Chuyn s dng m BCD sang s nguyn 16 bt. i th t byte trong ACCU1 (32 bt). Chuyn ni dung thanh ghi 1 vi ni dung thanh ghi 2. i th t byte trong ACCU1 (16 bt) Lnh gi khi. Lnh gi khi c iu kin.

136

TT Tn lnh 53 CD 54 CDB 55 CLR 56 CU 57 58 59 60 61 62 DEC DTB DTR IN FP FR

T C

63 FR 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 INC INVD INVI ITB ITD JBI JC JCB JCN JL JM JMZ JN JNB JNBI JO JOS JP JPZ

n n n n n

n n n n

83 JU 84 JUO 85 JZ 86 L

87 L C 88 L T 89 L DBLG

M t S m gim 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO na. Chuyn khi d liu chung thnh khi d liu ring. xo RLO (RLO = 0) S m tng 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph thuc RLO na. Gim ni dung trong ACCU1 i mt n v. i s nguyn 32 bt thnh s dng m BCD. i s nguyn 32 bt thnh s thc. Chn ly sn m ca RLO. Chn ly sn dng ca RLO. Khi to b thi gian TIME c khi khng c bin i sn khi ng b thi gian. Khi to b m COUTER c khi khng c bin i sn t mt b m m ln hoc m xung. Tng s trong ACCU1 ln mt n v. Ly phn b mt ca s nguyn 32 bt. Ly phn b mt ca s nguyn 16 bt. i s nguyn 16 bt thnh s dng m BCD. i s nguyn 16 bt thnh s nguyn 32 bt. Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu BR = 1. Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO = 1. Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO = 1 v BR = 1. Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO = 0. Nhy n nhn ghi n. Nhy nu kt qu l m (CC1 = 0, CC0 = l) Nhy nu kt qu l m hoc bng khng (CC1 = 0 hoc 0, CC0 = 0 hoc l). Nhy nu kt qu l khc khng (CC1 = 1 hoc 0, CC0 = 0 hoc l). Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO = 0 v BR = 0. Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu BR = 0. Nhy sang lm vic nhn nu VO = 1. Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu OS = 0. Nhy nu kt qu l dng (CC1 = 1, CC0 = 0). Nhy nu kt qu l ln hn hoc bng khng (CC1 = 0 hoc 1, CC0 = 0 hoc 0). Nhy sang lm vic nhn n, khng ph thuc RLO v RLO khng b nh hng. Nhy nu (CC1 = 1, CC0 = 1). Nhy nu kt qu l khng (CC1 = 0, CC0 = 0). Ni dung ca i tng lnh (n v byte) c sao chp vo ACCU1 khng ph thuc vo RLO, ni dung trc ca ACCU1 chuyn sang ACCU2. Np gi tr tc thi (s nguyn) ca b m vo ACCU1 Np gi tr tc thi (s nguyn) ca b thi gian vo ACCU 1. Np di ca khi d liu DB vo ACCU1.

137

TT 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115

Tn lnh L DBNO L DILG L DINO L STW LAR 1 LAR 1 n LAR 1 AR2 LAR 1 P# LAR2 LAR2 n LAR2 P# LC C LC T LOOP n MCR( )MCR MCRA MCRD MOD NEGD NEGI NEGR NOP NOP NOT O

0 1 n

116 O( 117 OD 118 ON 119 ON( 120 OPN 121 OW 122 POP 123 PUSH 124 R 125 R 126 R n

n T C

M t Np s ca khi d liu DB vo ACCU1. Np di ca khi d liu DI vo ACCU1. Np s ca khi d liu DI vo ACCU1. Np t trng thi vo ACCU1. Np a ch vo thanh ghi 1 t ACCU1. Np a ch vo thanh ghi 1 t v tr n ghi trong lnh. Np a ch vo thanh ghi 1 t thanh ghi 2. Np vo thanh ghi 1 t a ch ti con tr (s thc kp). Np a ch vo thanh ghi 2 t ACCU1. Np a ch vo thanh ghi 2 t v tr n ghi trong lnh. Np vo thanh ghi 2 t a ch ti con tr (s thc kp). Np s m hin thi dng m BCD vo ACCU1. Np gi tr thi gian hin thi dng m BCD vo ACCU1. Lp li t nhn n. Ct kt qu ca php tnh logic vo vng MCR. Kt thc vng MCR. Kch hot vng MCR. Thi kch hot vng MCR. Php chia ly phn d ca s nguyn 32 bt ACCU2 cho s nguyn 32 bt ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1. Ly s b hai ca s nguyn 32 bt. Ly s b hai ca s nguyn 16 bt. Ly du m cho s thc 32 bt. M lnh 16 bt trong RAM u bng 0 ( gi ch). M lnh 16 bt trong RAM u bng 1 ( gi ch). t trng thi khng cho RLO. Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im n (n v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1 (32 bt). Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca im n (n v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu ghi vo RLO. M khi d liu. Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1 (16 bt). Chuyn ni dung ACCU2 sang ACCU1. Chuyn ni dung ACCU1 sang ACCU2. Nu ni dung ca RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 0 s c gn cho i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay i. Xo b thi gian nu RLO = 1 Xo b m nu RLO = 1

138

TT 127 128 129 130

Tn lnh RLD n RLDA RND RND+

131 RND132 RRD 133 RRDA 134 S 135 S 136 SAVE 137 SD 138 SE 139 SET 140 SF 141 SLD 142 SLW 143 SP n n n n C

144 SRD 145 SRW 146 SS 147 SSD 148 SSI 149 T 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 T TAK TAR1 TAR1 TAR1 TAR2 TAR2 TRUNC

n n

n n n STW

n AR2 n

M t Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang tri n bt. Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang tri 1 bt qua CC 1. i s thc 32 bt thnh s nguyn 32 bt (b phn thp phn). i s thc 32 bt thnh s nguyn 32 bt, nu l s dng th lm trn tng, l s m th b phn thp phn. i s thc 32 bt thnh s nguyn 32 bt, nu l s m th lm trn tng, l s dng th b phn thp phn. Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang phi n bt. Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang phi 1 bt qua CC 1. Nu ni dung RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 1 s c gn cho i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay i. t b m nu RLO = 1 Ct kt qu ca php tnh logic vo thanh ghi BR. B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t, khi RLO v 0 th b thi gian v khng ngay. B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn ln) v duy tr thi gian dt, khng ph thuc RLO na. t RLO = l B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO, khi RLO v khng th b thi gian cn duy tr mt khong thi gian bng thi gian t. Dch t kp trong ACCU1 sang tri n bt hoc s bt dch c np vo ACCU2. Dch t n trong ACCU1 sang tri n bt hoc s bt dch c np vo ACCU2. B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn lem v duy tr cho n khi t thi gian t (RLO = 1), khi RLO = 0 th b thi gian v 0 ngay. Dch t kp trong ACCU1 sang phi n bt hoc s bt dch c np vo ACCU2. Dch t n trong ACCU1 sang phi n bt hoc s bt dch c np vo ACCU2. B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi gian t v khng ph thuc RLO na, n ch v khng khi c lnh xo R. Dch s nguyn 32 bt trong ACCU1 sang phi n bt hoc s bt dch c np vo ACCU2. cc bt trng c chn bt du ca s nguyn. Dch s nguyn 16 bt trong ACCU1 sang phi n bt hoc s bt dch c np vo ACCU2, cc bt trng c chn bt du ca s nguyn. Ni dung ca ACCU1 truyn cho i lng n (n v byte) khng ph thuc RLO, v d truyn cho vng m u ra. Truyn t trng thi ti ACCU1. Lnh trao i ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2. Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 1 n ACCU1. Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 1 n v tr c ch trong lnh. Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 1 n thanh ghi 2. Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 2 n ACCU1. Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 2 n v tr c ch trong lnh. Chuyn s thc 32 bt trong ACCU1 thnh s nguyn 32 bt c du.

139

TT Tn lnh 158 UC 159 X n 160 X( 161 XN 162 XN( 163 XOD 164 XOW n

M t Lnh gi khi khng iu kin. Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im n (n v bt) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca im n, kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch o php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu ghi vo RLO. Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia cc bt ca hai t kp. Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia cc bt ca hai t n

140

TI LIU THAM KHO


1. Nguyn Trng Thun, iu khin logic v ng dng, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, 2000. 2. Nguyn Don Phc, Phan Xun Minh, V Vn H. T ng ho ti Simatic S7300, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, 2000. 3. Tng Vn Mi. Nguyn Tin Dng, iu khin logic lp trnh PLC, Nh xut bn thng k, 2003. 4. Nguyn Don Phc, Phan Xun Minh, T ng ho vi Simatic S7-200, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, 2000. 5. A Bigincrs guide to PLC, OMROM ASIA PACIFIC, Singapor 1996. 6. SIMATIC S5. Program examplesfor Programmable Conlrollers.1992. 7. Simatic Step 7 Statemenl Lisl Reference Manual, Siemen AG, Automation Group, Industrial Automation Systems, 1995.

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