TCVN

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 4055:2012
Xut bn ln 2

T CHC THI CNG

Organization of construction activities

H NI 2012

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MC LC

1 Phm vi p dng................................................................................................................................... 5
2 Ti liu vin dn................................................................................................................................... 5
3 Quy nh chung.................................................................................................................................... 5
3.1 Cng tc t chc thi cng xy lp bao gm: chun b xy lp, t chc cung ng vt t - k thut v
vn ti c gii ho xy lp, t chc lao ng, lp k hoch tc nghip, iu sn xut v t chc
kim tra cht lng xy lp..................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Cng tc thi cng xy lp phi t chc tp trung dt im v to mi iu kin a nhanh ton b
cng trnh (hoc mt b phn, hng mc cng trnh) vo s dng, sm t cng sut thit k..............5
3.3 Mi cng tc thi cng xy lp, bao gm c nhng cng tc xy lp c bit v cng tc hiu chnh,
th nghim my mc, thit b phi tin hnh theo ng cc quy trnh, quy phm, tiu chun, nh mc
kinh t - k thut xy dng v cc ch , iu l hin hnh c lin quan ca Nh nc. Phi c bit
ch ti nhng bin php bo h lao ng, phng chng chy n v bo v mi trng......................5
3.4 Khi thi cng cng trnh xy dng, phi da trn h s thit k bn v thi cng c ph duyt..5
3.5 Cng tc thi cng xy lp l cng vic cn phi lm lin tc quanh nm. i vi tng loi cng vic,
cn tnh ton b tr thi cng trong thi gian thun li nht tu theo iu kin t nhin v kh hu ca
vng lnh th c cng trnh xy dng......................................................................................................6
3.6 Khi lp k hoch xy lp, phi tnh ton b tr cng vic v n nh cho cc n v xy lp
trong tng giai on thi cng. ng thi, phi b tr thi cng cho ng b bn giao cng trnh mt
cch hon chnh v sm a vo s dng..............................................................................................6
3.7 i vi nhng cng trnh xy dng theo phng php lp ghp, nn giao cho cc t chc chuyn
mn ho. Cc t chc ny cn phi m nhn khu sn xut v cung ng cc sn phm ca mnh cho
cng trng xy dng v t lp t cu kin v chi tit sn xut vo cng trnh...............................6
3.8 i vi hn hp b tng, va xy, trt nh tng v cc loi va khc, nn t chc sn xut tp
trung trong cc trm chuyn dng c nh hoc cc trm di ng...........................................................6
3.9 Khi thi cng cng trnh xy dng, phi to mi iu kin lp rp kt cu theo phng php t
hp khi ln ph hp vi dy chuyn cng ngh xy lp. Cn t chc nhng bi lp rp hp khi
trc khi a kt cu v thit b ra chnh thc lp rp vo cng trnh.....................................................6
3.10 Ti trng tc dng ln kt cu cng trnh (ti trng pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng xy lp) phi
ph hp vi quy nh trong h s thit k bn v thi cng hoc trong thit k t chc thi cng v c
cp trong bin php t chc thi cng..................................................................................................6

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3.11 Trong cng tc t chc v iu khin thi cng xy lp, i vi nhng cng trnh trng im v
nhng cng trnh sp bn giao a vo sn xut hoc s dng, cn tp trung lc lng vt t k
thut v lao ng y mnh tin thi cng, phi kt hp thi cng xen k ti a gia xy dng vi lp
rp v nhng cng tc xy lp c bit khc. Cn t chc lm nhiu ca kp nhng b phn cng
trnh m tin thc hin c nh hng quyt nh n thi gian a cng trnh vo nghim thu, bn
giao v s dng....................................................................................................................................... 6
3.12 Tt c nhng cng trnh xy dng trc khi khi cng xy lp u phi c thit k t chc xy
dng cng trnh (gi tt l thit k t chc xy dng) v thit k bin php thi cng cc cng tc xy
lp c duyt........................................................................................................................................ 6
3.13 Nhng gii php ra trong thit k t chc xy dng v thit k bin php thi cng phi hp l.
Tiu chun nh gi gii php hp l l bo m cht lng, khi lng, tin , an ton lao ng
v an ton mi trng............................................................................................................................. 6
3.14 Vic xy lp cng trnh phi thc hin theo phng thc giao, nhn thu. Ch giao thu v
nhn thu xy lp c quy nh trong cc Thng t, Ngh nh cn hiu lc, trong quy ch giao, nhn
thu xy lp ban hnh km theo cc vn bn v ci tin qun l xy dng ca Nh nc.....................7
3.15 Vic hp tc trong thi cng xy lp phi c thc hin trn c s hp ng trc tip gia t
chc nhn thu chnh vi nhng t chc nhn thu ph, cng nh gia t chc ny vi cc n v sn
xut v vn chuyn kt cu xy dng, vt liu, thit b thi cng cng trnh.........................................7
3.16 Trong qu trnh thi cng xy lp, cc n v xy dng khng c thi ba bi nc thi v cc
ph liu khc lm hng t nng nghip, cc loi t canh tc khc v cc cng trnh ln cn. Ph liu
phi c tp kt n nhng ni cho php v c s chp thun ca cc n v ch qun nhng
ni ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Phi dng mi bin php hn ch ting n, rung ng, bi v nhng cht kh c hi thi vo
khng kh. Phi c bin php bo v cy xanh. Ch c cht cy pht bi trn mt bng xy dng
cng trnh trong phm vi gii hn quy nh ca thit k. Trong qu trnh thi cng, ti nhng khu t
mn thi cng, lp t mu trng trt cn c gi li sau ny s dng phc hi li t.................7
3.17 Khi thi cng trong khu vc thnh ph, phi tho thun vi cc c quan qun l giao thng v vn
i li ca cc phng tin vn ti v phi m bo an ton cho cc ng ra, vo ca cc nh v
ca cc c quan ang hot ng............................................................................................................ 7
3.18 Khi thi cng trong khu vc c nhng h thng k thut ngm ang hot ng (ng cp in,
ng cp thng tin lin lc, ng ng dn nc ...), n v xy dng ch c php o ln trong
trng hp c giy php ca nhng c quan qun l nhng h thng k thut . Ranh gii v trc tim
ca h thng k thut b o ln phi c nh du tht r trn thc a.............................................7

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3.19 Khi thi cng trong khu vc c quan hoc n v ang hot ng, phi ch ti nhng iu kin
c bit v vn chuyn cu kin, vt liu xy dng v mi trng. Nn kt hp s dng nhng trang
thit b sn c ca cc c quan hoc n v .......................................................................................7
3.20 Mi cng trnh ang xy dng phi c nht k thi cng chung cho cng trnh v nhng nht k
cng tc xy lp c bit ghi chp, theo di qu trnh thi cng...........................................................7
4 Chun b thi cng.................................................................................................................................. 7
4.1 Trc khi bt u thi cng nhng cng tc xy lp chnh, phi hon thnh tt cng tc chun b,
bao gm nhng bin php chun b v t chc, phi hp thi cng, nhng cng tc chun b bn trong
v bn ngoi mt bng cng trng........................................................................................................7
4.2 Nhng bin php chun b v t chc, phi hp thi cng gm c:....................................................7
4.3 Trc khi quyt nh nhng bin php chun b v t chc, phi hp thi cng v cc cng tc
chun b khc, phi nghin cu k H s thit k bn v thi cng, d ton cng trnh c ph
duyt v nhng iu kin xy dng c th ti a phng. ng thi, nhng bin php v cng tc
phi ph hp vi quy nh trong 3.12......................................................................................................8
4.4 Tu theo quy m cng trnh, mc cn phi chun b v nhng iu kin xy dng c th, nhng
cng tc chun b bn ngoi mt bng cng trng bao gm ton b hoc mt phn nhng cng vic
sau y: xy dng nhnh ng st n a im xy dng, xy dng nhnh ng t, bn cng,
kho bi trung chuyn ngoi hin trng, ng dy thng tin lin lc, ng dy ti in v cc
trm bin th, ng ng cp nc v cng trnh ly nc, tuyn thot nc v cng trnh x l nc
thi,.......................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.5 Tu theo quy m cng trnh, mc cn phi chun b v nhng iu kin xy dng c th, nhng
cng tc chun b bn trong mt bng cng trng, bao gm ton b hoc mt phn nhng cng vic
sau y:................................................................................................................................................... 8
4.6 Cc cng tc chun b phi cn c vo tnh cht dy chuyn cng ngh thi cng ton b cng trnh
v cng ngh thi cng nhng cng tc xy lp chnh nhm b tr thi cng xen k v m bo mt bng
thi cng cn thit cho cc n v tham gia xy lp cng trnh. Thi gian kt thc cng tc chun b phi
c ghi vo nht k thi cng chung ca cng trnh...............................................................................9
4.7 V tr cng trnh tm khng c nm trn v tr cng trnh chnh, khng c gy tr ngi cho vic
xy dng cng trnh chnh v phi tnh ton hiu qu kinh t. Trong mi trng hp, phi nghin cu
s dng trit cc hng mc cng trnh chnh phc v cho thi cng tit kim vn u t xy dng
cng trnh tm v rt ngn thi gian thi cng cng trnh chnh................................................................9
4.8 Vic xy dng nh cho cng nhn vin cng trng, nh cng cng, nh vn ho sinh hot, nh
kho, nh sn xut v nh ph tr thi cng nn p dng thit k in hnh hin hnh, c bit ch trng
p dng nhng kiu nh tm, d tho lp, c ng v kt hp s dng ti a nhng cng trnh sn c
a phng........................................................................................................................................... 9
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4.9 V h thng ng thi cng, trc ht phi s dng mng li ng s hin c bn trong v bn
ngoi cng trng. Trong trng hp s dng ng c nh khng c li hoc khng m bo cho
cc loi xe, my thi cng i li th mi c lm ng tm thi cng. i vi nhng tuyn ng v
kt cu h tng c trong thit k, nu cho php kt hp s dng c phc v thi cng th phi a
ton b nhng khi lng vo giai on chun b v trin khai thi cng trc. n v xy lp phi
bo dng ng s, bo m ng s dng c bnh thng trong sut qu trnh thi cng..........9
4.10 Ngun in thi cng phi c ly t nhng h thng in hin c hoc kt hp s dng nhng
cng trnh cp in c nh c trong thit k. Nhng ngun in tm thi (trm pht in di ng, trm
my pht i - - den ). Ch c s dng trong thi gian bt u trin khai xy lp, trc khi a
nhng hng mc cng trnh cp in chnh thc vo vn hnh..............................................................9
4.11 V cp nc thi cng, trc ht phi tn dng nhng h thng cung cp nc ang hot ng
gn cng trng.................................................................................................................................... 10
4.12 Tu theo khi lng v tnh cht cng tc xy lp, vic cung cp kh nn cho cng trng c th
bng my nn kh di ng hoc xy dng trm nn kh c nh............................................................10
4.13 Khi lp s h thng cp in, nc v h thng thng tin lin lc phi d tnh phc v cho tt
c cc giai on thi cng xy lp v kt hp vi s pht trin xy dng sau ny ca khu vc.............10
4.14 Ch c php khi cng xy lp nhng khi lng cng tc chnh ca cng trnh sau khi lm
xong nhng cng vic chun b cn thit phc v trc tip cho thi cng nhng cng tc xy lp chnh
v bo m y cc th tc theo quy nh hin hnh.......................................................................10
5 Cng tc cung ng vt t - k thut...................................................................................................10
5.1 Cn c vo quy trnh cng ngh v tin thi cng xy lp, cng tc cung ng vt t - k thut
phi bo m cung cp y v ng b cu kin, vt liu xy dng, thit b k thut bo m phc
v thi cng lin tc, khng b gin on, tp trung dt im nhm a nhanh cng trnh hoc tng
phn cng trnh vo sn xut v s dng..............................................................................................10
5.2 Nhng t chc cung ng vt t - k thut cn phi:........................................................................10
5.3 bo m cung ng ng b, nng cao mc ch to sn phm v chun b sn sng vt liu
xy dng, nn t chc nhng c s sn xut - cung ng ng b bao gm cc cng xng, kho tng,
bi, cc phng tin bc d v vn chuyn..........................................................................................10
5.4 C s k hoch ho v t chc cung ng ng b l nhng ti liu v nhu cu vt t - k thut
c nu trong h s thit k bn v thi cng, thit k bin php thi cng v thit k t chc xy dng
cng trnh............................................................................................................................................... 10
5.5 Trong cng tc cung ng, khi c iu kin, nn s dng loi thng cha cng c vn nng hoc
thng cha chuyn dng (cng - te - n) v cc loi phng tin bao b khc cho php s dng khng
nhng trong vn chuyn, m cn s dng nh nhng kho cha tm thi, nht l i vi nhng loi
hng nh................................................................................................................................................ 11
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5.6 Nh kho cha cc loi vt t - k thut phc v thi cng xy lp phi xy dng theo ng tiu
chun hin hnh v din tch kho tng v nh mc d tr sn xut.....................................................11
5.7 Vic bo qun kt cu xy dng, cu kin, vt liu v thit b, phi tin hnh theo ng cc tiu
chun, quy phm Nh nc v cc iu kin k thut hin hnh v cng tc bo qun vt t - k thut.
11
5.8 Khi giao nhn kt cu xy dng, cu kin, vt liu, thit b, phi xem xt c v s lng, cht
lng v tnh ng b. Khi cn, ong, o, m, phi i chiu vi nhng iu khon ghi trong hp
ng gia ngi giao hng v ngi nhn hng v cn c vo nhng tiu chun, quy phm Nh nc
hin hnh c lin quan. Vt t, bn thnh phm cung cp cho thi cng phi c chng ch cht lng.
C s sn xut hoc n v bn hng phi chu trch nhim v cht lng vt t, bn thnh phm
cung cp cho cng trng. Khi pht hin thy vt t, bn thnh phm khng m bo cht lng,
cng trng c quyn t chi nhn vt t, bn thnh phm . Khng c php s dng vt t, bn
thnh phm khng tiu chun cht lng vo cng trnh.................................................................11
5.9 Nhu cu cung ng vt t - k thut phi gn lin vi tin thi cng xy lp, thi hn hon thnh
tng cng vic v c xc nh trn c s khi lng cng tc bng hin vt (cn c vo thit k d ton ca cng trnh), nhng nh mc s dng, tiu hao v d tr sn xut...................................11
6 C gii xy dng ............................................................................................................................... 11
6.1 Khi xy lp, nn s dng phng php v phng tin c gii c hiu qu nht, bo m c nng
sut lao ng cao, cht lng tt, gi thnh h, ng thi gim nh c cc cng vic nng nhc...11
6.2 Vic xc nh c th iu kin v tnh nng ca my ch o v nhng my phi hp phi cn c
vo c im ca cng trnh, cng ngh xy dng, tin , khi lng v iu kin thi cng cng trnh.
12
6.3 Vic la chn nhng phng tin c gii ho phi tin hnh trn c s so snh cc ch tiu hiu
qu kinh t ca cc phng n c gii ho. Cc phng n cn phi hp l v cng ngh v bo m
hon thnh ng thi hn, khi lng v cng vic c giao. Mt khc, phi tnh nhng ch tiu hao
ph lao ng khi s dng c gii v so snh vi cc phng n s dng lao ng th cng...............12
6.4 C cu v s lng my cn thit thi cng mt cng vic nht nh cn phi xc nh trn c s
khi lng cng vic, phng php c gii ho c chn v kh nng tn dng nng sut my,
ng thi c tnh n trnh t chc thi cng, t chc sa cha my ca n v..............................12
6.5 Nhu cu v phng tin c gii, cm tay c xc nh ring, theo k hoch xy lp hng nm
ca n v thi cng v theo ch trng pht trin c gii ho nh ca ngnh ch qun.......................12
6.6 Mc c gii ho cc cng tc xy lp c nh gi bng cc ch tiu c gii ho theo khi
lng cng vic v theo lng lao ng thc hin bng my nh sau:................................................13
6.7 Mc trang b c gii ca cc n v xy lp c nh gi bng cc ch tiu trang b c kh v
ng lc sau:......................................................................................................................................... 13
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6.8 nh gi hiu qu s dng my, phi p dng nhng ch tiu sau y:.....................................13
6.9 nng cao hiu qu c gii ho trong xy lp, cn phi:.............................................................14
6.10 My dng cho thi cng xy lp phi c t chc qun l, s dng tp trung v n nh trong cc
n v thi cng chuyn mn ho. Cc phng tin c gii nh v cc cng c c gii cm tay cng
cn tp trung qun l, s dng trong cc n v chuyn mn ho. Cc n v ny phi c trang b
cc phng tin cn thit lm cng tc bo dng k thut cng c c gii...................................14
6.11 Khi qun l, s dng my (bao gm s dng, bo dng k thut, bo qun, di chuyn) phi tun
theo ti liu hng dn k thut ca nh my ch to v ca cc c quan qun l k thut my cc
cp. 14
6.12 Cng nhn vn hnh my phi c giao trch nhim r rng v qun l, s dng my cng vi
nhim v sn xut. Phi b tr cng nhn vn hnh my ph hp vi chuyn mn c o to v bc
th quy nh i vi tng my c th....................................................................................................14
6.13 Nhng my c a vo hot ng phi bo m tin cy v k thut v v an ton lao ng.
i vi nhng xe my c quy nh phi ng k v an ton trc khi a vo s dng, phi thc
hin y th tc ng k kim tra theo quy nh ca c quan c thm quyn ca Nh nc..........14
6.14 m bo my xy dng v phng tin c gii ho nh thng xuyn trong tnh trng hot
ng tt, phi thc hin mt cch c h thng vic bo dng k thut v sa cha my theo k
hoch, bao gm: bo dng k thut ca, bo dng k thut nh k, sa cha thng xuyn v sa
cha ln................................................................................................................................................ 15
6.15 Vic bo dng k thut phi do b phn chuyn trch thc hin. Trong , nn t chc cc i
chuyn mn bo dng k thut cho tng loi my..............................................................................15
6.16 Khi bo dng k thut hoc sa cha, phi kim tra s b tnh trng k thut ca my bng
phng php c bn l chn on k thut. Trong qu trnh chn on k thut, phi xc nh c
tnh cht h hng v d on c nng lc cn li ca my..............................................................15
6.17 Khi sa cha thng xuyn, phi thay th v phc hi mt s b phn my v hiu chnh my.
Kt qu sa cha thng xuyn phi bo m kh nng lm vic chc chn ca my cho ti k hoch
tip theo ca mt cp sa cha. Cng tc sa cha thng xuyn c thc hin trong cc xng
ca n v s dng my bng lc lng chuyn trch. Trong trng hp cn thit, c th b tr cng
nhn s dng my tham gia sa cha. Vic sa cha thng xuyn ti ch lm vic ca my ch
c tin hnh bng phng php thay th cm..................................................................................15
6.18 Khi sa cha ln, phi m bo khi phc li tnh trng lm vic tt ca my v phc hi ton b
hoc gn nh ton b nng lc thit k ca my, bng cch thay th hoc phc hi cc b phn ca
my k c cc b phn c bn, iu chnh ton b v chy th. Cng tc sa cha ln c thc hin
nhng trung tm m t chc v cng ngh phi m bo phc hi tnh trng k thut gn nh my

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mi. Trng hp sa cha my vi s lng t, c th tin hnh nhng xng ca n v s dng
my v phi c s hp tc vi cc trung tm trong vic t chc sa cha tng cm my...................15
6.19 Nhng cng ty c my xy dng c ghi trong bng tng kt ti sn c nh, phi lp k hoch
bo dng k thut v sa cha phng nga......................................................................................15
6.20 thc hin cng tc bo dng k thut v sa cha cc phng tin c gii ho v t ng
ho khc, cc trm bo dng k thut my, cc cng trnh xa sa cha thng xuyn v bo
dng k thut ti ni lm vic, cc trm nhin liu du m, ni my, kho vt t v ph tng thay
th, nhng phng tin chuyn dng vn chuyn my, nhin liu v du m.................................16
6.21 Trong qu trnh s dng my t lc bt u n lc thanh l, n v s dng my xy dng phi
bo m ghi chp:................................................................................................................................. 16
7 Cng tc vn ti.................................................................................................................................. 16
7.1 Vic t chc cng tc vn ti phi bo m phc v thi cng theo ng k hoch, ng tin xy
lp v tin cung cp vt t - k thut v phi m bo phm cht hng ho, khng b hao ht qu
quy nh trong qu trnh vn chuyn. Vic la chn chng loi v phng tin vn ti phi cn c vo
c ly vn chuyn, tnh hnh mng li ng s hin c, kh nng cung cp cc loi phng tin, tnh
cht hng vn chuyn, nhng yu cu bo qun hng trong qu trnh vn chuyn, phng php bc
d, thi hn yu cu v gi thnh vn chuyn......................................................................................16
7.2 Vic chn phng php vn chuyn c hiu qu phi trn c s so snh cc ch tiu kinh t - k
thut ca nhng phng n khc nhau. Khi chn phng n vn chuyn, cn ch tn dng trng ti
xe, t chc vn chuyn tp trung, chn hnh trnh ngn nht sau khi xem xt iu kin ng s, kt
hp vn chuyn hng hai chiu............................................................................................................. 16
7.3 Cn phi tnh ton vi s h tr ca my tnh chn hnh trnh vn chuyn ti u v ghp b
hng ho ti u vn chuyn c nhng khi lng ln. ...............................................................16
7.4 Khi xc nh hnh trnh vn chuyn, phi cn c vo v tr giao hng v nhn hng, c li v khi
lng vn ti, loi phng tin vn ti. Cn phi p dng hnh trnh vn chuyn hai chiu, ch
hng phc v xy dng, hoc s dng mt phn chiu v kt hp ch nhng hng ho khc trn
ng v. C th t chc hnh trnh vn chuyn theo vng kn, phng tin vn ti i theo mt chiu,
qua mt s trm giao v nhn hng.......................................................................................................16
7.5 Vic t chc cng tc vn ti ng st phc v xy dng phi gn lin vi hot ng ca on
ng st a phng, bo m vn chuyn ng b v kp thi hng phc v xy dng tn dng kh
nng lu thng ca tuyn ng v s dng hp l cc u my, toa xe............................................16
7.6 Phi cn c vo khi lng hng ho cn chuyn v nng sut ca cc phng tin xc nh
s lng v chng loi t vn ti. Khi xc nh thnh phn ca on xe, phi cn c vo khi lng
v danh mc hng ho vn chuyn. Quy cch v sc cha ca phng tin phi ph hp v kch
thc v trng ti ca hng. Phi bo m an ton hng ho trong khi vn chuyn.............................17
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7.7 Khi xc nh nhu cu phng tin vn ti, phi ch ti nhu cu vn chuyn cng nhn ti ni lm
vic........................................................................................................................................................ 17
7.8 Phi tp trung nhng phng tin vn ti v bc d c gii ho phc v vn chuyn hng dng
vo nhng cng ty ln........................................................................................................................... 17
7.9 Nhng ch tiu c bn nh gi hot ng vn ti l: tin vn chuyn quy nh, s lng hng
vn chuyn (tn), khi lng cng tc vn chuyn (tn x kilmt), nng sut ca phng tin tnh theo
s lng hng vn chuyn v khi lng cng tc vn chuyn trn mt n v trng ti, gi thnh vn
chuyn................................................................................................................................................... 17
7.10 Khi vn chuyn nhng kt cu lp ghp, phi c nhng gi , ging no chc chn chng lt,
chng x dch hoc va p vo nhau v vo thnh xe. Khi xp d nhng kt cu lp ghp, phi tun
theo ng ch dn ca thit k v s v tr mc cp v cch b tr sp t trn phng tin vn
chuyn................................................................................................................................................... 17
7.11 cng tc vn ti hot ng c thng nht, cc t chc qun l xe, my phi t chc tt cng
tc bo dng k thut v sa cha cc phng tin vn ti nh quy nh trong mc 7 ca tiu chun
ny. 17
8 T chc lao ng................................................................................................................................ 18
8.1 Cng tc t chc lao ng trong thi cng xy lp bao gm nhng bin php s dng hp l lao
ng, b tr hp l cng nhn trong dy chuyn sn xut, phn cng v hp tc lao ng, nh mc v
kch thch tinh thn lao ng, t chc ni lm vic, cng tc phc v, to mi iu kin lao ng
c an ton. T chc lao ng phi bo m nng cao nng sut lao ng, cht lng cng tc v
tit kim vt t trn c s nng cao tay ngh cng nhn, s dng c hiu qu thi gian lao ng, cc
phng tin c gii ho v cc ngun vt t k thut...........................................................................18
8.2 Nhng bin php t chc lao ng khoa hc phi hng vo:.......................................................18
8.3 Vic phn cng v hp tc lao ng phi ty theo tnh cht ngnh ngh v trnh chuyn mn
ca cng nhn. Ty theo tnh cht ca qu trnh sn xut m b tr hp l cng nhn lm vic theo i,
theo t hay tng ngi ring bit.......................................................................................................... 18
8.4 i sn xut l hnh thc c bn ca vic hp tc lao ng trong xy dng. Khi thi cng nhng
cng vic thun nht, phi t chc nhng i sn xut chuyn mn ha. Khi thc hin mt s loi cng
tc c lin quan vi nhau lm ra sn phm cui cng, phi t chc nhng i sn xut tng hp. .18
gm nhng cng nhn c cc ngnh ngh khc nhau. Trong i sn xut tng hp, c th chia ra
thnh nhng t sn xut chuyn mn lm tng loi cng vic v thi cng theo ca, kp. Trong i sn
xut chuyn mn ha, cng chia thnh nhiu t sn xut.....................................................................18
8.5 Vic xc nh s lng cng nhn, c cu ngnh ngh v trnh ngh nghip ca cng nhn
trong i sn xut v t chc sn xut phi cn c vo khi lng cng tc v thi gian hon thnh

10

TCVN 4055:2012
cng vic theo k hoch c giao, c tnh n nhng iu kin c th v: cng ngh thi cng, trnh
thc hin nh mc sn lng v nhim v k hoch, tng nng sut lao ng...................................18
8.6 i sn xut phi c i trng c ch nh trong s cn b k thut thi cng hoc cng nhn k
thut c trnh ngh nghip cao v c nng lc t chc thc hin. Khi thi cng theo hai hoc ba ca,
phi ch nh i ph theo ca. iu khin t sn xut l t trng sn xut..........................................19
8.7 Phi giao sm k hoch cho i sn xut trc khi bt u thi cng, trong ghi r khi lng
cng tc cn phi lm, thi gian hon thnh v cc yu cu k thut c lin quan. i sn xut, t sn
xut v tng ngi cng nhn phi c nhn mt bng thi cng trc khi bt u lm vic. Mt bng
thi cng phi xp vt liu, thit b, dng c, g lp cn thit v c ch cng nhn i li,
vn hnh my mc v nhng phng tin c gii khc. Vt liu, thit b, dng c phi c sp xp
theo th t m bo yu cu cng ngh, trnh gy ra nhng ng tc tha lm cho ngi cng
nhn nhanh mt mi. Vt liu c a ti ni lm vic phi bo m cht lng, c phn loi
trc...................................................................................................................................................... 19
8.8 Khi t chc sp xp mt bng thi cng, phi c bit ch bo m an ton cho cng nhn. Phi
che chn, chiu sng, c nhng dng c, trang thit b phng h lao ng theo ng nhng quy nh
ca k thut an ton.............................................................................................................................. 19
8.9 Cng tc phc v ni lm vic phi c t chc khoa hc, chu o, bo m cho cng nhn c
iu kin tp trung vo lm nhng cng vic xy lp chnh, khng b mt thi gian lm nhng cng
vic ph khng ng ngnh v trnh tay ngh..................................................................................19
8.10 Khi lp k hoch cho i sn xut, phi tnh ton b tr cng vic lm n nh trong mt thi
gian di (khng di mt nm). Cn trnh gy nhng tnh trng t xut iu ng linh tinh, khng n
nh v trnh x l i sn xut. Phi d kin k hoch chuyn tip cng vic ca i sn xut t hng
mc cng trnh ny sang hng mc cng trnh khc cn c vo k hoch nhn thu ca t chc xy
lp. 19
8.11 Dng c, thit b v trang b lp rp phi theo ng tiu chun k thut, phi chc chn, thun tin,
c nng sut cao, bo m an ton cho ngi s dng v phi c gi gn cn thn, trnh mt mt
h hng. Cn phi s dng nhng b dng c th cng v c gii ha nh, nhng cng c, thit b,
dng c g lp c tuyn chn hp l v c ghp b ph hp vi ngnh ngh chuyn mn v
cng ngh thi cng tng loi cng tc xy lp. Cng tc cung cp dng c th cng v c gii ha nh,
dng c g lp v vic sa cha cc loi phi c t chc tp trung trong cc trm cp pht dng
c ca cng trng............................................................................................................................... 19
8.12 Nhng phng php v bin php lao ng c la chn p dng phi c nng sut cao, tit
kim vt liu xy dng, bo m cht lng v an ton lao ng. .......................................................19
8.13 iu kin v mi trng lao ng phi bo m cho cng nhn lm vic c nng sut cao, ng
thi gi gn c sc khe bng cch p dng ch lao ng v ngh ngi hp l, c bin php
gim bt nhng yu t gy nh hng xu ti c th ngi lao ng (ting n, rung ng, bi,
11

TCVN 4055:2012
nhim kh c ...). Phi cung cp y qun o, giy, m bo h lao ng v cc phng tin phng
h c nhn v phc v v sinh - sinh hot theo yu cu ca tng cng vic.........................................20
8.14 Cng tc nh mc lao ng phi c hon thin trn c s nghin cu p dng nhng nh
mc c cn c khoa hc k thut, ph hp vi trnh k thut v cng ngh t c trong xy lp
v phn nh c nhng kinh nghim thi cng tin tin. .....................................................................20
8.15 Cn phi p dng h thng tr lng theo sn phm, c thng kch thch ngi lao ng
nng cao nng sut, cht lng lao ng v rt ngn thi gian thi cng xy lp. Mc thng c
phn loi ty theo s nh gi cht lng cng vic hon thnh..........................................................20
8.16 Cc t chc xy lp phi nghin cu p dng hnh thc khon cho i sn xut trn c s hch
ton kinh t nhm khuyn khch tng nng sut lao ng, h gi thnh sn phm, s dng tit kim vt
t k thut v rt ngn thi gian xy dng. ..........................................................................................20
8.17 Trc khi chuyn i sn xut sang hch ton kinh t, phi chun b chu o, phi vch tin thi
cng chi tit tng khi lng cng vic, tin cung cp ti mt bng thi cng nhng vt t k thut
ch yu, nhng kt cu, cu kin v vt liu xy dng. Phi lp bng tnh chi ph lao ng v tin
lng, xc nh gi tr cng vic giao cho i. ng thi, phi thng k theo di thng xuyn theo
tng cng trnh hoc theo giai on thi cng nhng chi ph lao ng, vt t - k thut v nhng chi ph
khc ca tng i sn xut a vo hch ton kinh t.....................................................................20
8.18 Cc t chc xy lp phi chm lo nng cao trnh ngh nghip cho cng nhn bng h thng
nhng trng dy ngh, nhng lp b tc nng cao tay ngh, nhng trng va hc va lm, nhng
lp ph bin phng php lao ng tin tin, nhng lp o to theo mc tiu v nhng trng qun
l kinh t................................................................................................................................................ 20
8.19 Nhng ti liu c bn v t chc, lao ng khoa hc phi c a vo ni dung thit k thi cng
ca cng trnh. Phi xc nh thnh phn hp l ca cc t, i sn xut, t chc quy trnh thi cng v
mt bng sn xut, phng php lao ng, trnh t cng ngh v di thi gian thc hin ca tng
cng on xy lp.................................................................................................................................. 20
9 Lp k hoch tc nghip v iu sn xut.....................................................................................21
9.1 Cng tc lp k hoch tc nghip v iu sn xut phi bo m iu ha sn xut v thi cng,
thng xuyn nm tnh hnh, kim tra phi hp hot ng ca cc n v sn xut v c s phc v,
nhm hon thnh ng thi hn cc khi lng xy lp v a nhanh cng trnh vo s dng...........21
9.2 Khi lp k hoch tc nghip, cn c bit ch nhng vn sau y:.........................................21
9.3 cng tc k hoch ha c chnh xc v bo m cng tc thi cng c nhp nhng, phi
hp chnh xc gia nhng n v xy lp vi cc n v sn xut cu kin ca cng trnh v cho tng
n v tham gia thi cng. Tin thi cng cn phi lp chi tit hng tun, hng ngy, c khi hng gi
nu xt thy cn thit, v phi km theo tin cung ng vt t k thut, kt cu, cu kin, thit b,
vt liu xy dng ti chn cng trnh. ...................................................................................................21
12

TCVN 4055:2012
9.4 K hoch tc nghip ca n v xy lp phi c lp trn c s phi hp k hoch ca nhng b
phn sn xut chnh v ph tr ca n v. Khi lp k hoch tc nghip ca t chc nhn thu chnh,
phi ch xem xt k hoch ca cc n v trc thuc v k hoch ca cc t chc nhn thu ph...21
9.5 Nhng ti liu c s dng lp k hoch tc nghip l:...............................................................21
9.6 K hoch tc nghip phi c giao trc mt s ngy cho cc b phn thc hin cc b phn
ny thi gian nghin cu v chun b cc iu kin cn thit cho thi cng.......................................22
9.7 K hoch tc nghip l c s t chc hch ton kinh t. Cc s liu thc hin k hoch tc
nghip phi a kp thi vo bo co thng k thng k v l cn c nh gi hot ng ca
nhng t chc v n v xy lp........................................................................................................... 22
9.8 Vic thc hin k hoch tc nghip phi c kim tra theo di c h thng v tng kt, rt kinh
nghim kp thi. Phi xc nh c nng sut lao ng, mc tit kim (lng ph) vt liu, hiu qu s
dng my mc, thit b v nh gi cht lng cng tc thc hin (sn phm, bn thnh phm hoc
tng phn vic xy lp)......................................................................................................................... 22
9.9 Mc trang b cc phng tin k thut, quy m v thnh phn ca b phn iu sn xut
cng ty, cng trng xy lp, trong cc x nghip sn xut v cc t chc tng ng c xc nh
theo quy m ca t chc, s ca lm vic v s phn b ca cc cng trnh trn a bn hot ng ca
n v..................................................................................................................................................... 22
9.10 Chc nng ch yu ca b phn iu sn xut l: kim tra vic thc hin k hoch tc nghip
v iu ha cc cng vic thi cng xy lp, t chc phi hp hot ng ca cc n v sn xut v cc
n v cung ng vt t k thut............................................................................................................. 22
9.11 Nhng mnh lnh tc nghip ca th trng t chc xy dng c th do b phn iu sn
xut truyn t hoc do th trng trc tip ch th cho n v thc hin ri bo cho b phn iu
bit. 22
9.12 truyn t nhng mnh lnh tc nghip v thng bo tin tc, ty theo iu kin v tnh hnh. 22
c th c th s dng in thoi, loa truyn thanh, in tn, thng tin v tuyn v v...........................22
9.13 nm tnh hnh kp thi v kim tra tin xy dng cng trnh, tnh hnh thc hin nhng giai
on thi cng xy lp chnh, cn phi p dng h thng bo co nhanh i vi tt c nhng t chc v
n v tham gia thi cng xy lp............................................................................................................ 22
10 T chc kim tra cht lng............................................................................................................. 23
10.1 Vic nh gi cht lng cng trnh xy dng xong do Hi ng nghim thu c s hoc Hi
ng nghim thu Nh nc (i vi nhng cng trnh c bit quan trng) thc hin trong khi nghim
thu cng trnh a vo sn xut hoc s dng......................................................................................23
10.2 Cht lng thit k c nh gi ty theo hiu qu ca n c th hin trn thc t cng
trnh v nhng gii php k thut, kinh t, cng ngh, quy hoch khng gian, kt cu v kin trc. ....23
13

TCVN 4055:2012
10.3 Cht lng vt liu xy dng, cu kin, thit b k thut c nh gi ti ni ch to ra nhng
sn phm hoc ti cng trng trc khi a vo s dng. Khi nh gi, cn cn c vo nhng
tiu chun v quy phm v tng lnh vc v cc ti liu chng nhn sn phm xut xng, kt qu th
nghim mu ly ti hin trng, ng thi phi xem xt hiu qu thc t ca n c th hin trn
cng trnh............................................................................................................................................... 23
10.4 Cht lng cng tc thi cng xy lp c nh gi theo nhng kt qu kim tra thi cng v theo
tiu chun, quy phm Nh nc hin hnh...........................................................................................23
10.5 Trong phm vi t chc xy lp, cng tc kim tra cht lng thi cng xy lp bao gm: kim tra
cht lng vt liu, cu kin, thit b a vo cng trnh, cht lng cng tc xy lp v kim tra
nghim thu hon thnh cng trnh......................................................................................................... 23
10.6 Cu kin, vt liu xy dng, thit b k thut a v cng trng u phi qua kim tra. Khi kim
tra, phi sot xt i chiu vi tiu chun k thut, bn thuyt minh v nhng ti liu k thut khc.
Hng ha a v phi bo m cht lng theo yu cu k thut, yu cu ca thit k v nhng yu
cu v bc d v bo qun................................................................................................................... 23
10.7 Cng tc kim tra cht lng phi c tin hnh ti ch, sau khi hon thnh mt cng vic sn
xut, mt phn vic xy lp hay mt cng on ca qu trnh xy lp phi pht hin kp thi nhng h
hng, sai lch, xc nh nguyn nhn, ng thi phi kp thi p dng nhng bin php ngn nga v
sa cha nhng h hng ................................................................................................................. 24
10.8 Tt c cc t chc nhn thu xy lp u phi c b phn kim tra cht lng cc sn phm do
cng tc xy lp lm ra. Ngi ch huy thi cng c trch nhim kim tra cht lng sn phm xy lp.
Ngi cng nhn trc tip sn xut phi t kim tra kt qu cng vic ca mnh.................................24
10.9 Khi kim tra cht lng, phi cn c vo nhng ti liu hng dn ghi trong thit k thi cng.
Nhng ti liu bao gm:.................................................................................................................... 24
10.10 Cng tc kim tra nghim thu c tin hnh kim tra v nh gi cht lng ton b hoc
b phn cng trnh xy dng xong, v c nhng b phn cng trnh khut, nhng kt cu c bit
quan trng ca cng trnh...................................................................................................................... 24
10.11 Tt c nhng b phn ca cng trnh khut u phi c nghim thu, lp bin bn xc nhn v
bn v hon cng trc khi lp kn hoc thi cng nhng phn vic tip theo. Ring bn nghim thu
nhng b phn cng trnh khut c lp ngay sau khi hon thnh cng vic v c xc nhn ti ch
ca b phn kim tra cht lng ca t chc nhn thu v b phn gim st k thut ca c quan giao
thu....................................................................................................................................................... 24
10.12 i vi nhng kt cu c bit quan trng, cn phi c t chc nghim thu trung gian v lp bin
bn theo mc hon thnh tng phn trong qu trnh thi cng..........................................................25
Trong thit k phi ghi r nhng cng vic c bit quan trng cn phi nghim thu trung gian..........25

14

TCVN 4055:2012
10.13 Ngoi vic kim tra cht lng trong ni b t chc xy lp (gia ch u t, nh thu gim st
thi cng v nh thu thi cng), cng tc kim tra cht lng xy dng cn do cc c quan gim nh
thc hin................................................................................................................................................ 25
10.14 Cc t chc xy lp phi nghin cu ra nhng bin php v t chc, k thut v kinh t
thc hin tt cng tc kim tra cht lng xy lp. Trong nhng bin php y, phi c bit ch vic
thnh lp b phn th nghim cng trng, b phn trc c cng trnh v cng tc o to bi dng
nng cao tay ngh v trnh chuyn mn ca cn b v cng nhn xy dng...................................25
10.15 Ngoi nhng quy nh ch yu trong tiu chun ny, cng tc kim tra cht lng cng trnh
phi theo ng quy phm nghim thu cng trnh v cc quy nh v kim tra cht lng thi cng xy
lp ca Nh nc.................................................................................................................................. 25

15

TCVN 4055:2012

Li ni u
TCVN 4055:2012 thay th TCVN 4055:1985
TCVN 4055:2012 do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng bin son, B
Xy dng ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh,
B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

16

TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 4055:2012

T chc thi cng

Organization of construction activities

Phm vi p dng

Tiu chun ny c p dng khi t chc thi cng xy lp cc cng trnh xy dng.

Ti liu vin dn

Cc ti liu vin dn sau l cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi
nm cng b th p dng phin bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b th
p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 4087:1985, S dng my xy dng - Yu cu chung.
TCVN 4252:1988, Quy trnh lp thit k t chc xy dng v thit k thi cng. Quy phm thi cng v
nghim thu.

Quy nh chung

3.1

Cng tc t chc thi cng xy lp bao gm: chun b xy lp, t chc cung ng vt t - k thut

v vn ti c gii ho xy lp, t chc lao ng, lp k hoch tc nghip, iu sn xut v t chc

kim tra cht lng xy lp.
3.2

Cng tc thi cng xy lp phi t chc tp trung dt im v to mi iu kin a nhanh ton

b cng trnh (hoc mt b phn, hng mc cng trnh) vo s dng, sm t cng sut thit k.
3.3

Mi cng tc thi cng xy lp, bao gm c nhng cng tc xy lp c bit v cng tc hiu

chnh, th nghim my mc, thit b phi tin hnh theo ng cc quy trnh, quy phm, tiu chun, nh
mc kinh t - k thut xy dng v cc ch , iu l hin hnh c lin quan ca Nh nc. Phi c
bit ch ti nhng bin php bo h lao ng, phng chng chy n v bo v mi trng.
3.4

Khi thi cng cng trnh xy dng, phi da trn h s thit k bn v thi cng c ph duyt.

Nhng thay i thit k trong qu trnh thi cng phi c s chp thun ca ch u t, n v t vn
thit k v phi theo ng nhng quy nh ca iu l v vic lp, thm tra, xt duyt thit k v d
ton cc cng trnh xy dng.

TCVN 4055:2012
3.5

Cng tc thi cng xy lp l cng vic cn phi lm lin tc quanh nm. i vi tng loi cng

vic, cn tnh ton b tr thi cng trong thi gian thun li nht tu theo iu kin t nhin v kh hu
ca vng lnh th c cng trnh xy dng.
3.6

Khi lp k hoch xy lp, phi tnh ton b tr cng vic v n nh cho cc n v xy lp

trong tng giai on thi cng. ng thi, phi b tr thi cng cho ng b bn giao cng trnh mt
cch hon chnh v sm a vo s dng.
3.7

i vi nhng cng trnh xy dng theo phng php lp ghp, nn giao cho cc t chc

chuyn mn ho. Cc t chc ny cn phi m nhn khu sn xut v cung ng cc sn phm ca

mnh cho cng trng xy dng v t lp t cu kin v chi tit sn xut vo cng trnh.
3.8

i vi hn hp b tng, va xy, trt nh tng v cc loi va khc, nn t chc sn xut tp

trung trong cc trm chuyn dng c nh hoc cc trm di ng.

3.9

Khi thi cng cng trnh xy dng, phi to mi iu kin lp rp kt cu theo phng php t

hp khi ln ph hp vi dy chuyn cng ngh xy lp. Cn t chc nhng bi lp rp hp khi

trc khi a kt cu v thit b ra chnh thc lp rp vo cng trnh.
3.10 Ti trng tc dng ln kt cu cng trnh (ti trng pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng xy lp) phi
ph hp vi quy nh trong h s thit k bn v thi cng hoc trong thit k t chc thi cng v c
cp trong bin php t chc thi cng.
3.11 Trong cng tc t chc v iu khin thi cng xy lp, i vi nhng cng trnh trng im v
nhng cng trnh sp bn giao a vo sn xut hoc s dng, cn tp trung lc lng vt t k
thut v lao ng y mnh tin thi cng, phi kt hp thi cng xen k ti a gia xy dng vi lp
rp v nhng cng tc xy lp c bit khc. Cn t chc lm nhiu ca kp nhng b phn cng
trnh m tin thc hin c nh hng quyt nh n thi gian a cng trnh vo nghim thu, bn
giao v s dng.
3.12 Tt c nhng cng trnh xy dng trc khi khi cng xy lp u phi c thit k t chc xy
dng cng trnh (gi tt l thit k t chc xy dng) v thit k bin php thi cng cc cng tc xy
lp c duyt.
Ni dung, trnh t v xt duyt thit k t chc xy dng v thit k bin php thi cng c quy nh
trong bin bn hin hnh.
3.13 Nhng gii php ra trong thit k t chc xy dng v thit k bin php thi cng phi hp l.
Tiu chun nh gi gii php hp l l bo m cht lng, khi lng, tin , an ton lao ng
v an ton mi trng.

TCVN 4055:2012
3.14 Vic xy lp cng trnh phi thc hin theo phng thc giao, nhn thu. Ch giao thu v
nhn thu xy lp c quy nh trong cc Thng t, Ngh nh cn hiu lc, trong quy ch giao, nhn
thu xy lp ban hnh km theo cc vn bn v ci tin qun l xy dng ca Nh nc.
3.15 Vic hp tc trong thi cng xy lp phi c thc hin trn c s hp ng trc tip gia t
chc nhn thu chnh vi nhng t chc nhn thu ph, cng nh gia t chc ny vi cc n v sn
xut v vn chuyn kt cu xy dng, vt liu, thit b thi cng cng trnh.
3.16 Trong qu trnh thi cng xy lp, cc n v xy dng khng c thi ba bi nc thi v cc
ph liu khc lm hng t nng nghip, cc loi t canh tc khc v cc cng trnh ln cn. Ph liu
phi c tp kt n nhng ni cho php v c s chp thun ca cc n v ch qun nhng
ni .
Phi dng mi bin php hn ch ting n, rung ng, bi v nhng cht kh c hi thi
vo khng kh. Phi c bin php bo v cy xanh. Ch c cht cy pht bi trn mt bng
xy dng cng trnh trong phm vi gii hn quy nh ca thit k. Trong qu trnh thi cng, ti
nhng khu t mn thi cng, lp t mu trng trt cn c gi li sau ny s dng
phc hi li t.
3.17 Khi thi cng trong khu vc thnh ph, phi tho thun vi cc c quan qun l giao thng v vn
i li ca cc phng tin vn ti v phi m bo an ton cho cc ng ra, vo ca cc nh v
ca cc c quan ang hot ng.
3.18 Khi thi cng trong khu vc c nhng h thng k thut ngm ang hot ng (ng cp in,
ng cp thng tin lin lc, ng ng dn nc ...), n v xy dng ch c php o ln trong
trng hp c giy php ca nhng c quan qun l nhng h thng k thut . Ranh gii v trc tim
ca h thng k thut b o ln phi c nh du tht r trn thc a.
3.19 Khi thi cng trong khu vc c quan hoc n v ang hot ng, phi ch ti nhng iu kin
c bit v vn chuyn cu kin, vt liu xy dng v mi trng. Nn kt hp s dng nhng trang
thit b sn c ca cc c quan hoc n v .
3.20 Mi cng trnh ang xy dng phi c nht k thi cng chung cho cng trnh v nhng nht k
cng tc xy lp c bit ghi chp, theo di qu trnh thi cng.

Chun b thi cng

4.1

Trc khi bt u thi cng nhng cng tc xy lp chnh, phi hon thnh tt cng tc chun b,

bao gm nhng bin php chun b v t chc, phi hp thi cng, nhng cng tc chun b bn trong
v bn ngoi mt bng cng trng.
4.2

Nhng bin php chun b v t chc, phi hp thi cng gm c:

7

TCVN 4055:2012
a) Tho thun thng nht vi cc c quan c lin quan v vic kt hp s dng nng lc thit b thi
cng, nng lc lao ng ca a phng v nhng cng trnh, nhng h thng k thut hin ang hot
ng gn cng trnh xy dng phc v thi cng nh nhng h thng k thut h tng (h thng
ng giao thng, mng li cung cp in, mng li cung cp nc v thot nc, mng li
thng tin lin lc, ), nhng cng ty xy dng v nhng cng trnh cung cp nng lng a
phng, ;
b) Gii quyt vn s dng ti a nhng vt liu xy dng sn c a phng;
c) Xc nh nhng t chc tham gia xy lp;
d) K hp ng kinh t giao, nhn thu xy lp theo quy nh ca cc vn bn Nh nc v giao, nhn
thu xy lp.
4.3

Trc khi quyt nh nhng bin php chun b v t chc, phi hp thi cng v cc cng tc

chun b khc, phi nghin cu k H s thit k bn v thi cng, d ton cng trnh c ph
duyt v nhng iu kin xy dng c th ti a phng. ng thi, nhng bin php v cng tc
phi ph hp vi quy nh trong 3.12.
4.4

Tu theo quy m cng trnh, mc cn phi chun b v nhng iu kin xy dng c th,

nhng cng tc chun b bn ngoi mt bng cng trng bao gm ton b hoc mt phn nhng
cng vic sau y: xy dng nhnh ng st n a im xy dng, xy dng nhnh ng t,
bn cng, kho bi trung chuyn ngoi hin trng, ng dy thng tin lin lc, ng dy ti in
v cc trm bin th, ng ng cp nc v cng trnh ly nc, tuyn thot nc v cng trnh x
l nc thi,....
4.5

Tu theo quy m cng trnh, mc cn phi chun b v nhng iu kin xy dng c th,

nhng cng tc chun b bn trong mt bng cng trng, bao gm ton b hoc mt phn nhng
cng vic sau y:

Xc lp h thng mc nh v c bn phc v thi cng;

Gii phng mt bng: r ph bom mn, cht cy, pht bi trong phm vi thit k quy nh, ph d

nhng cng trnh nm trong mt bng khng kt hp s dng c trong qu trnh thi cng xy lp;

Chun b mt bng: san lp mt bng, bo m thot nc b mt xy dng nhng tuyn ng

tm v ng c nh bn trong mt bng cng trng, lp t mng li cp in v cp nc phc

v thi cng, mng li thng tin lin lc in thoi v v tuyn...;

Xy dng nhng cng xng v cng trnh phc v nh: h thng kho tng, bi lp rp, t hp cu

kin v thit b, trm trn b tng, sn gia cng ct thp, bi c cu kin b tng ct thp, xng mc
v gia cng vn khun, trm my thi cng, xng c kh sa cha, ga - ra - t, trm cp pht xng
du ;

TCVN 4055:2012
Xy lp cc nh tm phc v thi cng: trong trng hp cho php kt hp s dng nhng nh v

cng trnh c trong thit k th nn xy dng trc nhng cng trnh ny kt hp s dng trong qu
trnh thi cng;

m bo h thng cp nc phng chy v trang b cha chy, nhng phng tin lin lc v ci

hiu cha chy.

4.6

Cc cng tc chun b phi cn c vo tnh cht dy chuyn cng ngh thi cng ton b cng

trnh v cng ngh thi cng nhng cng tc xy lp chnh nhm b tr thi cng xen k v m bo mt
bng thi cng cn thit cho cc n v tham gia xy lp cng trnh. Thi gian kt thc cng tc chun b
phi c ghi vo nht k thi cng chung ca cng trnh.
4.7

V tr cng trnh tm khng c nm trn v tr cng trnh chnh, khng c gy tr ngi cho

vic xy dng cng trnh chnh v phi tnh ton hiu qu kinh t. Trong mi trng hp, phi nghin
cu s dng trit cc hng mc cng trnh chnh phc v cho thi cng tit kim vn u t xy
dng cng trnh tm v rt ngn thi gian thi cng cng trnh chnh.
4.8

Vic xy dng nh cho cng nhn vin cng trng, nh cng cng, nh vn ho sinh hot,

nh kho, nh sn xut v nh ph tr thi cng nn p dng thit k in hnh hin hnh, c bit ch
trng p dng nhng kiu nh tm, d tho lp, c ng v kt hp s dng ti a nhng cng trnh
sn c a phng.
4.9

V h thng ng thi cng, trc ht phi s dng mng li ng s hin c bn trong v

bn ngoi cng trng. Trong trng hp s dng ng c nh khng c li hoc khng m bo

cho cc loi xe, my thi cng i li th mi c lm ng tm thi cng. i vi nhng tuyn ng
v kt cu h tng c trong thit k, nu cho php kt hp s dng c phc v thi cng th phi
a ton b nhng khi lng vo giai on chun b v trin khai thi cng trc. n v xy lp
phi bo dng ng s, bo m ng s dng c bnh thng trong sut qu trnh thi cng.
4.10 Ngun in thi cng phi c ly t nhng h thng in hin c hoc kt hp s dng nhng
cng trnh cp in c nh c trong thit k. Nhng ngun in tm thi (trm pht in di ng, trm
my pht i - - den ). Ch c s dng trong thi gian bt u trin khai xy lp, trc khi a
nhng hng mc cng trnh cp in chnh thc vo vn hnh.
Mng li cp in tm thi cao th v h th cn phi ko dy trn khng. Ch c t ng cp
ngm trong trng hp ko dy in trn khng khng bo m k thut an ton hoc gy phc tp
cho cng tc thi cng xy lp. Cn s dng nhng trm bin th di ng, nhng trm bin th t trn
ct, nhng trm bin th kiu ct di ng.

TCVN 4055:2012
4.11 V cp nc thi cng, trc ht phi tn dng nhng h thng cung cp nc ang hot ng
gn cng trng.
Khi xy dng mng li cp nc tm thi, trc tin cn phi xy dng mng li ng ng dn
nc c nh theo thit k cng trnh nhm kt hp s dng phc v thi cng.
4.12 Tu theo khi lng v tnh cht cng tc xy lp, vic cung cp kh nn cho cng trng c th
bng my nn kh di ng hoc xy dng trm nn kh c nh.
4.13 Khi lp s h thng cp in, nc v h thng thng tin lin lc phi d tnh phc v cho tt
c cc giai on thi cng xy lp v kt hp vi s pht trin xy dng sau ny ca khu vc.
4.14 Ch c php khi cng xy lp nhng khi lng cng tc chnh ca cng trnh sau khi lm
xong nhng cng vic chun b cn thit phc v trc tip cho thi cng nhng cng tc xy lp chnh
v bo m y cc th tc theo quy nh hin hnh.

Cng tc cung ng vt t - k thut

5.1

Cn c vo quy trnh cng ngh v tin thi cng xy lp, cng tc cung ng vt t - k thut

phi bo m cung cp y v ng b cu kin, vt liu xy dng, thit b k thut bo m phc

v thi cng lin tc, khng b gin on, tp trung dt im nhm a nhanh cng trnh hoc tng
phn cng trnh vo sn xut v s dng.
5.2

Nhng t chc cung ng vt t - k thut cn phi:

Cung cp y v ng b nhng vt t - k thut cn thit theo k hoch - tin thi cng,

khng ph thuc vo ngun cung cp;

Nng cao mc ch to sn cc cu kin, chi tit bng cch tng cng t chc sn xut ti cc

c s sn xut chuyn mn ho hoc mua sn phm ca cc n v cung cp chuyn nghip;

Cung cp ng b kt cu, cu kin, vt liu xy dng, thit b k thut ti mt bng thi cng

cng trnh theo ng tin .

5.3

bo m cung ng ng b, nng cao mc ch to sn phm v chun b sn sng vt

liu xy dng, nn t chc nhng c s sn xut - cung ng ng b bao gm cc cng xng, kho
tng, bi, cc phng tin bc d v vn chuyn.
5.4

C s k hoch ho v t chc cung ng ng b l nhng ti liu v nhu cu vt t - k

thut c nu trong h s thit k bn v thi cng, thit k bin php thi cng v thit k t chc xy
dng cng trnh.

10

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TCVN 4055:2012
Trong cng tc cung ng, khi c iu kin, nn s dng loi thng cha cng c vn nng hoc

thng cha chuyn dng (cng - te - n) v cc loi phng tin bao b khc cho php s dng khng
nhng trong vn chuyn, m cn s dng nh nhng kho cha tm thi, nht l i vi nhng loi
hng nh.
Cc t chc xy lp phi hon tr li nhng thng cha, phng tin v bao b thuc ti sn ca t
chc cung ng vt t - k thut.
5.6

Nh kho cha cc loi vt t - k thut phc v thi cng xy lp phi xy dng theo ng tiu

chun hin hnh v din tch kho tng v nh mc d tr sn xut.

5.7

Vic bo qun kt cu xy dng, cu kin, vt liu v thit b, phi tin hnh theo ng cc

tiu chun, quy phm Nh nc v cc iu kin k thut hin hnh v cng tc bo qun vt t - k
thut.
5.8

Khi giao nhn kt cu xy dng, cu kin, vt liu, thit b, phi xem xt c v s lng, cht

lng v tnh ng b. Khi cn, ong, o, m, phi i chiu vi nhng iu khon ghi trong hp
ng gia ngi giao hng v ngi nhn hng v cn c vo nhng tiu chun, quy phm Nh nc
hin hnh c lin quan. Vt t, bn thnh phm cung cp cho thi cng phi c chng ch cht lng.
C s sn xut hoc n v bn hng phi chu trch nhim v cht lng vt t, bn thnh phm
cung cp cho cng trng. Khi pht hin thy vt t, bn thnh phm khng m bo cht lng,
cng trng c quyn t chi nhn vt t, bn thnh phm . Khng c php s dng vt t, bn
thnh phm khng tiu chun cht lng vo cng trnh.
5.9

Nhu cu cung ng vt t - k thut phi gn lin vi tin thi cng xy lp, thi hn hon thnh

tng cng vic v c xc nh trn c s khi lng cng tc bng hin vt (cn c vo thit k d ton ca cng trnh), nhng nh mc s dng, tiu hao v d tr sn xut.
Ngoi ra, phi tnh ton d tr vt t dng vo nhng cng vic thc hin bng ngun vn kin thit c
bn khc vi cng trnh v dng cho cng tc thi cng trong ma ma bo. Phi ch ti hao ht
trong vn chuyn, bc d, ct gi bo qun v thi cng theo ng nhng nh mc hin hnh v c
nhng bin php gim bt chi ph hao ht y.
Cc t chc xy lp phi thng xuyn kim tra tn kho vt t v gi mc d tr vt t ph hp vi
cc nh mc hin hnh.

C gii xy dng

6.1

Khi xy lp, nn s dng phng php v phng tin c gii c hiu qu nht, bo m c

nng sut lao ng cao, cht lng tt, gi thnh h, ng thi gim nh c cc cng vic nng
nhc.

11

TCVN 4055:2012
Khi thc hin c gii ho cc cng vic xy lp, phi ch trng ti tnh cht ng b v s cn i v
nng sut gia my ch o v cc my phi thuc.
6.2

Vic xc nh c th iu kin v tnh nng ca my ch o v nhng my phi hp phi cn

c vo c im ca cng trnh, cng ngh xy dng, tin , khi lng v iu kin thi cng cng
trnh.
Vic ra bin php s dng v ch lm vic ca my phi cn c vo yu cu ca cng ngh thi
cng c gii v phi tnh ton tn dng cc c tnh k thut ca my, c tnh n kh nng vn
chuyn, lp t, tho d tt nht c th t c trn my. Nhng thit b ph, cng c g lp c s
dng trong cng vic c gii ho phi ph hp vi yu cu ca cng ngh xy dng, cng sut v
nhng tnh nng k thut khc ca cc my c s dng.
6.3

Vic la chn nhng phng tin c gii ho phi tin hnh trn c s so snh cc ch tiu hiu

qu kinh t ca cc phng n c gii ho. Cc phng n cn phi hp l v cng ngh v bo m

hon thnh ng thi hn, khi lng v cng vic c giao. Mt khc, phi tnh nhng ch tiu hao
ph lao ng khi s dng c gii v so snh vi cc phng n s dng lao ng th cng.
6.4

C cu v s lng my cn thit thi cng mt cng vic nht nh cn phi xc nh trn c

s khi lng cng vic, phng php c gii ho c chn v kh nng tn dng nng sut
my, ng thi c tnh n trnh t chc thi cng, t chc sa cha my ca n v.
T trng cng vic c thc hin bng my trong khi lng ton b cc loi cng vic c tnh
theo cng thc:

M=

Nc Tc
100
Qm

(1)

trong :
M l t trng cng vic c thc hin bng my, tnh bng phn trm (%);
Qm l khi lng ton b cc loi cng vic, tnh bng mt khi hoc tn (m3,T ...);
Nc l nng sut ca my d tnh phi khai thc;
Tc l s ca lm vic ca mt loi my trong ton b thi gian thi cng nh.
Khi xc nh nng sut ca my v s ca lm vic ca 10 my, phi tnh n trnh t chc cng tc
ca n v thi cng v tnh trng k thut my nhng khng c thp hn cc nh mc nng sut ca
v nh mc khai thc ca my trong cng thi gian c Nh nc ban hnh.
Nhu cu ton b v my xy dng l tng s nhu cu tng loi my thc hin tng loi vic trong
k hoch thi cng.
6.5

Nhu cu v phng tin c gii, cm tay c xc nh ring, theo k hoch xy lp hng nm

ca n v thi cng v theo ch trng pht trin c gii ho nh ca ngnh ch qun.

12

6.6

TCVN 4055:2012
Mc c gii ho cc cng tc xy lp c nh gi bng cc ch tiu c gii ho theo khi

lng cng vic v theo lng lao ng thc hin bng my nh sau:

Mc c gii ho tng cng vic xy lp c xc nh bng t trng khi lng cng vic lm

bng my so vi tng khi lng ca cng vic (tnh theo phn trm);

Mc c gii ho ng b ca cng vic xy lp c xc nh bng t trng khi lng cng

vic xy lp c thc hin bng phng thc c gii ho ng b so vi tng khi lng ca cng
vic xy lp (tnh theo phn trm);

Mc lao ng c gii ho c xc nh bng s lng cng nhn trc tip lm vic bng my

so vi tng s cng nhn trc tip lm cc cng vic bng th cng v bng my (tnh theo phn
trm).
6.7

Mc trang b c gii ca cc n v xy lp c nh gi bng cc ch tiu trang b c kh v

ng lc sau:

Mc trang b c kh ca n v xy lp c xc nh bng gi tr ca my xy dng c trang

b so vi tng gi tr xy lp do bn thn n v thc hin;

Mc trang b c kh ca mt cng nhn xy lp c xc nh bng gi tr ca my c trang

b tnh cho mt cng nhn xy lp trong n v;

Mc trang b c kh cn c tnh theo cc thng s c bn ca my cng tc (m3, tn, m lc)

ng vi 1 triu ng xy lp hoc cho mt cng nhn xy lp;

Mc trang b ng lc cho mt n v xy lp c xc nh bng tng cng sut cc ng c

ca nhng my c trang b (quy v KW) tnh trn mt triu ng gi tr xy lp do bn thn n v

thc hin;

Mc trang b ng lc cho mt cng nhn xy lp c xc nh bng tng cng sut cc ng

c ca nhng my c trang b (quy v KW) cho mt cng nhn xy lp.

Khi tnh cc ch tiu mc trang b c kh v ng lc, cc s liu v gi c thit b, cng sut my,
s lng cng nhn c ly theo s trung bnh ca c thi k theo s liu k hoch hoc s liu
tng kt.
6.8

nh gi hiu qu s dng my, phi p dng nhng ch tiu sau y:

a) Ch tiu s dng s lng my: l t s gia s lng my bnh qun lm vic thc t vi s lng
my bnh qun hin c;
b) Ch tiu s dng my theo thi gian, c xc nh bng cc h s sau y:

H s s dng thi gian theo dng lch: l t s gia thi gian lm vic thc t ca my vi tng

s thi gian theo dng lch trong cng thi gian lm vic ca my (tnh theo phn trm);
13

TCVN 4055:2012

H s s dng thi gian trong ca: l t s gia s gi lm vic hu ch vi s gi nh mc lm vic

ca my trong ca (tnh theo phn trm).

Ngoi ra, ch tiu s dng my theo thi gian c th xc nh bng t s gia thi gian lm vic thc t
ca my c bnh qun trong danh sch vi thi gian lm vic c quy nh trong nh mc (tnh theo
phn trm).
c) Ch tiu hiu sut s dng my: l t s gia sn lng thc t ca my lm c vi sn lng
nh mc ca my trong thi gian tng ng (tnh theo phn trm).
6.9

nng cao hiu qu c gii ho trong xy lp, cn phi:

a) Trong nhng iu kin c th, phi dng nhng my c hiu qu nht trong kh nng cho php;
b) Kt hp tt gia my c cng sut ln vi cc phng tin c gii nh, cc cng c ci tin v cc
phng tin ph tr thch hp khc;
c) Thng xuyn v kp thi hon chnh c cu lc lng my nhm m bo s ng b, cn i v
to iu kin p dng cc cng ngh xy dng tin tin;
d) Thng xuyn nng cao trnh qun l, trnh k thut s dng v sa cha my, chp hnh tt
h thng bo dng k thut v sa cha my nh quy nh trong quy nh hin hnh;
e) Trang b cc c s vt cht - k thut thch ng cho vic bo dng k thut v sa cha my
tng ng vi lc lng my c trang b.
6.10 My dng cho thi cng xy lp phi c t chc qun l, s dng tp trung v n nh trong cc
n v thi cng chuyn mn ho. Cc phng tin c gii nh v cc cng c c gii cm tay cng
cn tp trung qun l, s dng trong cc n v chuyn mn ho. Cc n v ny phi c trang b
cc phng tin cn thit lm cng tc bo dng k thut cng c c gii.
6.11 Khi qun l, s dng my (bao gm s dng, bo dng k thut, bo qun, di chuyn) phi
tun theo ti liu hng dn k thut ca nh my ch to v ca cc c quan qun l k thut my
cc cp.
6.12 Cng nhn vn hnh my phi c giao trch nhim r rng v qun l, s dng my cng vi
nhim v sn xut. Phi b tr cng nhn vn hnh my ph hp vi chuyn mn c o to v bc
th quy nh i vi tng my c th.
6.13 Nhng my c a vo hot ng phi bo m tin cy v k thut v v an ton lao ng.
i vi nhng xe my c quy nh phi ng k v an ton trc khi a vo s dng, phi thc
hin y th tc ng k kim tra theo quy nh ca c quan c thm quyn ca Nh nc.

14

TCVN 4055:2012
6.14 m bo my xy dng v phng tin c gii ho nh thng xuyn trong tnh trng hot
ng tt, phi thc hin mt cch c h thng vic bo dng k thut v sa cha my theo k
hoch, bao gm: bo dng k thut ca, bo dng k thut nh k, sa cha thng xuyn v sa
cha ln.
Thc hin cng tc bo dng k thut nhm gi gn my mc trong tnh trng sn sng lm vic,
gim bt mi mn chi tit, pht hin v ngn nga trc nhng sai lch v h hng, cn sa cha
nhm khi phc li kh nng lm vic ca my. Chu k cc cp bo dng k thut v sa cha phi
xc nh theo ti liu hng dn ca nh my ch to, c tnh ti tnh trng thc t ca my.
6.15 Vic bo dng k thut phi do b phn chuyn trch thc hin. Trong , nn t chc cc i
chuyn mn bo dng k thut cho tng loi my.
6.16 Khi bo dng k thut hoc sa cha, phi kim tra s b tnh trng k thut ca my bng
phng php c bn l chn on k thut. Trong qu trnh chn on k thut, phi xc nh c
tnh cht h hng v d on c nng lc cn li ca my.
6.17 Khi sa cha thng xuyn, phi thay th v phc hi mt s b phn my v hiu chnh my.
Kt qu sa cha thng xuyn phi bo m kh nng lm vic chc chn ca my cho ti k hoch
tip theo ca mt cp sa cha. Cng tc sa cha thng xuyn c thc hin trong cc xng
ca n v s dng my bng lc lng chuyn trch. Trong trng hp cn thit, c th b tr cng
nhn s dng my tham gia sa cha. Vic sa cha thng xuyn ti ch lm vic ca my ch
c tin hnh bng phng php thay th cm.
6.18 Khi sa cha ln, phi m bo khi phc li tnh trng lm vic tt ca my v phc hi ton b
hoc gn nh ton b nng lc thit k ca my, bng cch thay th hoc phc hi cc b phn ca
my k c cc b phn c bn, iu chnh ton b v chy th. Cng tc sa cha ln c thc hin
nhng trung tm m t chc v cng ngh phi m bo phc hi tnh trng k thut gn nh my
mi. Trng hp sa cha my vi s lng t, c th tin hnh nhng xng ca n v s dng
my v phi c s hp tc vi cc trung tm trong vic t chc sa cha tng cm my.
6.19 Nhng cng ty c my xy dng c ghi trong bng tng kt ti sn c nh, phi lp k hoch
bo dng k thut v sa cha phng nga.
Phi cn c vo ti liu hng dn ca nh my ch to v tnh trng k thut thc t ca nh my v
k hoch thi cng lp k hoch nm v k hoch thng v bo dng k thut v sa cha myxy dng.
CH THCH: Nhng ch tiu nh mc ph tn bnh qun v lao ng, nh mc thi gian bo dng k thut v sa cha
my do cc c quan qun l bin son v thng xuyn c hiu chnh cho ph hp vi s hon thin kt cu cng nh
cng ngh s dng v sa cha my xy dng.

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TCVN 4055:2012
6.20 thc hin cng tc bo dng k thut v sa cha cc phng tin c gii ho v t ng
ho khc, cc trm bo dng k thut my, cc cng trnh xa sa cha thng xuyn v bo
dng k thut ti ni lm vic, cc trm nhin liu du m, ni my, kho vt t v ph tng thay
th, nhng phng tin chuyn dng vn chuyn my, nhin liu v du m.
6.21 Trong qu trnh s dng my t lc bt u n lc thanh l, n v s dng my xy dng phi
bo m ghi chp:

Khi lng cng tc thc hin v thi gian my lm vic, s ln bo dng k thut v sa cha,

s cng v s tin chi ph ca mi ln;

Nhng sai lch v h hng trong vn hnh my, vic thay th cc chi tit my v nhng thay i

kt cu my trong thi gian s dng v sa cha, tiu hao nhin liu, du m, vt liu v ph tng
thay th.
Nhng s liu trn y phi c ghi chp y vo l lch ca tng my v bo qun cn thn.

Cng tc vn ti

7.1

Vic t chc cng tc vn ti phi bo m phc v thi cng theo ng k hoch, ng tin

xy lp v tin cung cp vt t - k thut v phi m bo phm cht hng ho, khng b hao ht
qu quy nh trong qu trnh vn chuyn. Vic la chn chng loi v phng tin vn ti phi cn c
vo c ly vn chuyn, tnh hnh mng li ng s hin c, kh nng cung cp cc loi phng tin,
tnh cht hng vn chuyn, nhng yu cu bo qun hng trong qu trnh vn chuyn, phng php
bc d, thi hn yu cu v gi thnh vn chuyn.
7.2

Vic chn phng php vn chuyn c hiu qu phi trn c s so snh cc ch tiu kinh t - k

thut ca nhng phng n khc nhau. Khi chn phng n vn chuyn, cn ch tn dng trng ti
xe, t chc vn chuyn tp trung, chn hnh trnh ngn nht sau khi xem xt iu kin ng s, kt
hp vn chuyn hng hai chiu.
7.3

Cn phi tnh ton vi s h tr ca my tnh chn hnh trnh vn chuyn ti u v ghp b

hng ho ti u vn chuyn c nhng khi lng ln.

7.4

Khi xc nh hnh trnh vn chuyn, phi cn c vo v tr giao hng v nhn hng, c li v khi

lng vn ti, loi phng tin vn ti. Cn phi p dng hnh trnh vn chuyn hai chiu, ch
hng phc v xy dng, hoc s dng mt phn chiu v kt hp ch nhng hng ho khc trn
ng v. C th t chc hnh trnh vn chuyn theo vng kn, phng tin vn ti i theo mt chiu,
qua mt s trm giao v nhn hng.
7.5

Vic t chc cng tc vn ti ng st phc v xy dng phi gn lin vi hot ng ca on

ng st a phng, bo m vn chuyn ng b v kp thi hng phc v xy dng tn dng kh

nng lu thng ca tuyn ng v s dng hp l cc u my, toa xe.
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Phi cn c vo khi lng hng ho cn chuyn v nng sut ca cc phng tin xc nh

s lng v chng loi t vn ti. Khi xc nh thnh phn ca on xe, phi cn c vo khi lng
v danh mc hng ho vn chuyn. Quy cch v sc cha ca phng tin phi ph hp v kch
thc v trng ti ca hng. Phi bo m an ton hng ho trong khi vn chuyn.
7.7

Khi xc nh nhu cu phng tin vn ti, phi ch ti nhu cu vn chuyn cng nhn ti ni

lm vic.
7.8

Phi tp trung nhng phng tin vn ti v bc d c gii ho phc v vn chuyn hng dng

vo nhng cng ty ln.

cng tc vn ti phc v kp thi cho xy dng, cn c s quan h cht ch gia ngi giao hng
v ngi nhn hng. Hai bn cn tho thun vi nhau v tin bc d vn chuyn v xut xe.
7.9

Nhng ch tiu c bn nh gi hot ng vn ti l: tin vn chuyn quy nh, s lng hng

vn chuyn (tn), khi lng cng tc vn chuyn (tn x kilmt), nng sut ca phng tin tnh theo
s lng hng vn chuyn v khi lng cng tc vn chuyn trn mt n v trng ti, gi thnh vn
chuyn.
Ngoi ra, cn xem xt mt s ch tiu khc nh: c li vn chuyn bnh qun, c li xe chy bnh qun
trong ngy, tc k thut, h s s dng trng ti v h s s dng on xe.
7.10 Khi vn chuyn nhng kt cu lp ghp, phi c nhng gi , ging no chc chn chng
lt, chng x dch hoc va p vo nhau v vo thnh xe. Khi xp d nhng kt cu lp ghp, phi
tun theo ng ch dn ca thit k v s v tr mc cp v cch b tr sp t trn phng tin vn
chuyn.
Nhng b phn kt cu c b mt c gia cng trc nh qut sn, gn vt trang tr, c lp cch
nhit, chng m, chng n mn ph ngoi, phi c bo v chu o trong qu trnh vn chuyn,
chng va p, lm m t, nung nng hoc dy bn.
Nhng loi vt t nh, vt liu dng cun, dng tm cn ng gi theo kin hoc trong thng cha vn
nng v thng cha chuyn dng c th giao thng t phng tin vn chuyn trc tip ti ni lm
vic. Xi mng v nhng cht kt dnh khc nu khng ng trong bao b, phi vn chuyn bng
phng tin chuyn dng. Khng c vn chuyn xi mng theo cch ng. i vi vi cc, xi
mng v cc cht kt dnh khc, khi vn chuyn phi c bin php che ma, bo m khng vt t
b t, h hng.
7.11 cng tc vn ti hot ng c thng nht, cc t chc qun l xe, my phi t chc tt
cng tc bo dng k thut v sa cha cc phng tin vn ti nh quy nh trong mc 7 ca tiu
chun ny.

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8
T chc lao ng
8.1

Cng tc t chc lao ng trong thi cng xy lp bao gm nhng bin php s dng hp l lao

ng, b tr hp l cng nhn trong dy chuyn sn xut, phn cng v hp tc lao ng, nh mc v
kch thch tinh thn lao ng, t chc ni lm vic, cng tc phc v, to mi iu kin lao ng
c an ton. T chc lao ng phi bo m nng cao nng sut lao ng, cht lng cng tc v
tit kim vt t trn c s nng cao tay ngh cng nhn, s dng c hiu qu thi gian lao ng, cc
phng tin c gii ho v cc ngun vt t k thut.
8.2

Nhng bin php t chc lao ng khoa hc phi hng vo:

Hon thin nhng hnh thc t chc lao ng (phn cng v hp tc lao ng, chuyn mn ho lao

ng, la chn c cu thnh phn hp l nht v chuyn mn ho cc t v i sn xut);

Nghin cu, ph bin nhng bin php lao ng tin tin;

Ci tin cng tc t chc v phc v ni lm vic, bo m nhng iu kin lao ng thun li nht;

Hon thin cng tc nh mc lao ng;

p dng nhng hnh thc v h thng tin b v tr lng v kch thch tinh thn lao ng;

o to, nng cao trnh tay ngh ca cng nhn;

Cng c k thut lao ng;

8.3

Vic phn cng v hp tc lao ng phi ty theo tnh cht ngnh ngh v trnh chuyn mn

ca cng nhn. Ty theo tnh cht ca qu trnh sn xut m b tr hp l cng nhn lm vic theo i,
theo t hay tng ngi ring bit.
8.4

i sn xut l hnh thc c bn ca vic hp tc lao ng trong xy dng. Khi thi cng nhng

cng vic thun nht, phi t chc nhng i sn xut chuyn mn ha. Khi thc hin mt s loi cng
tc c lin quan vi nhau lm ra sn phm cui cng, phi t chc nhng i sn xut tng hp
gm nhng cng nhn c cc ngnh ngh khc nhau. Trong i sn xut tng hp, c th
chia ra thnh nhng t sn xut chuyn mn lm tng loi cng vic v thi cng theo ca,
kp. Trong i sn xut chuyn mn ha, cng chia thnh nhiu t sn xut.
Cng nhn vn hnh my xy dng phc v i sn xut no th gn lin quyn li v chu s qun l
ca i sn xut y.
8.5

Vic xc nh s lng cng nhn, c cu ngnh ngh v trnh ngh nghip ca cng nhn

trong i sn xut v t chc sn xut phi cn c vo khi lng cng tc v thi gian hon thnh
cng vic theo k hoch c giao, c tnh n nhng iu kin c th v: cng ngh thi cng, trnh
thc hin nh mc sn lng v nhim v k hoch, tng nng sut lao ng.
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i sn xut phi c i trng c ch nh trong s cn b k thut thi cng hoc cng nhn

k thut c trnh ngh nghip cao v c nng lc t chc thc hin. Khi thi cng theo hai hoc ba
ca, phi ch nh i ph theo ca. iu khin t sn xut l t trng sn xut.
8.7

Phi giao sm k hoch cho i sn xut trc khi bt u thi cng, trong ghi r khi lng

cng tc cn phi lm, thi gian hon thnh v cc yu cu k thut c lin quan. i sn xut, t sn
xut v tng ngi cng nhn phi c nhn mt bng thi cng trc khi bt u lm vic. Mt bng
thi cng phi xp vt liu, thit b, dng c, g lp cn thit v c ch cng nhn i li,
vn hnh my mc v nhng phng tin c gii khc. Vt liu, thit b, dng c phi c sp xp
theo th t m bo yu cu cng ngh, trnh gy ra nhng ng tc tha lm cho ngi cng
nhn nhanh mt mi. Vt liu c a ti ni lm vic phi bo m cht lng, c phn loi
trc.
8.8

Khi t chc sp xp mt bng thi cng, phi c bit ch bo m an ton cho cng nhn. Phi

che chn, chiu sng, c nhng dng c, trang thit b phng h lao ng theo ng nhng quy nh
ca k thut an ton.
8.9

Cng tc phc v ni lm vic phi c t chc khoa hc, chu o, bo m cho cng nhn c

iu kin tp trung vo lm nhng cng vic xy lp chnh, khng b mt thi gian lm nhng cng
vic ph khng ng ngnh v trnh tay ngh.
8.10 Khi lp k hoch cho i sn xut, phi tnh ton b tr cng vic lm n nh trong mt thi
gian di (khng di mt nm). Cn trnh gy nhng tnh trng t xut iu ng linh tinh, khng n
nh v trnh x l i sn xut. Phi d kin k hoch chuyn tip cng vic ca i sn xut t hng
mc cng trnh ny sang hng mc cng trnh khc cn c vo k hoch nhn thu ca t chc xy
lp.
8.11 Dng c, thit b v trang b lp rp phi theo ng tiu chun k thut, phi chc chn, thun
tin, c nng sut cao, bo m an ton cho ngi s dng v phi c gi gn cn thn, trnh mt
mt h hng. Cn phi s dng nhng b dng c th cng v c gii ha nh, nhng cng c, thit
b, dng c g lp c tuyn chn hp l v c ghp b ph hp vi ngnh ngh chuyn mn
v cng ngh thi cng tng loi cng tc xy lp. Cng tc cung cp dng c th cng v c gii ha
nh, dng c g lp v vic sa cha cc loi phi c t chc tp trung trong cc trm cp pht
dng c ca cng trng.
8.12 Nhng phng php v bin php lao ng c la chn p dng phi c nng sut cao,
tit kim vt liu xy dng, bo m cht lng v an ton lao ng.

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8.13 iu kin v mi trng lao ng phi bo m cho cng nhn lm vic c nng sut cao, ng
thi gi gn c sc khe bng cch p dng ch lao ng v ngh ngi hp l, c bin php
gim bt nhng yu t gy nh hng xu ti c th ngi lao ng (ting n, rung ng, bi,
nhim kh c ...). Phi cung cp y qun o, giy, m bo h lao ng v cc phng tin phng
h c nhn v phc v v sinh - sinh hot theo yu cu ca tng cng vic.
8.14 Cng tc nh mc lao ng phi c hon thin trn c s nghin cu p dng nhng nh
mc c cn c khoa hc k thut, ph hp vi trnh k thut v cng ngh t c trong xy lp
v phn nh c nhng kinh nghim thi cng tin tin.
8.15 Cn phi p dng h thng tr lng theo sn phm, c thng kch thch ngi lao ng
nng cao nng sut, cht lng lao ng v rt ngn thi gian thi cng xy lp. Mc thng c
phn loi ty theo s nh gi cht lng cng vic hon thnh.
8.16 Cc t chc xy lp phi nghin cu p dng hnh thc khon cho i sn xut trn c s hch
ton kinh t nhm khuyn khch tng nng sut lao ng, h gi thnh sn phm, s dng tit kim vt
t k thut v rt ngn thi gian xy dng.
8.17 Trc khi chuyn i sn xut sang hch ton kinh t, phi chun b chu o, phi vch tin
thi cng chi tit tng khi lng cng vic, tin cung cp ti mt bng thi cng nhng vt t k
thut ch yu, nhng kt cu, cu kin v vt liu xy dng. Phi lp bng tnh chi ph lao ng v tin
lng, xc nh gi tr cng vic giao cho i. ng thi, phi thng k theo di thng xuyn theo
tng cng trnh hoc theo giai on thi cng nhng chi ph lao ng, vt t - k thut v nhng chi ph
khc ca tng i sn xut a vo hch ton kinh t.
8.18 Cc t chc xy lp phi chm lo nng cao trnh ngh nghip cho cng nhn bng h thng
nhng trng dy ngh, nhng lp b tc nng cao tay ngh, nhng trng va hc va lm, nhng
lp ph bin phng php lao ng tin tin, nhng lp o to theo mc tiu v nhng trng qun l kinh t.
Phng php o to c hiu qu nht l kt hp dy l thuyt vi minh ha thc hnh, do gio vin
thc hnh hoc nhng cng nhn c kinh nghim, c nhiu sng kin ci tin k thut, nm c
nhng phng php lao ng tin tin hng dn trc tip ti ni sn xut.
8.19 Nhng ti liu c bn v t chc, lao ng khoa hc phi c a vo ni dung thit k thi
cng ca cng trnh. Phi xc nh thnh phn hp l ca cc t, i sn xut, t chc quy trnh thi
cng v mt bng sn xut, phng php lao ng, trnh t cng ngh v di thi gian thc hin
ca tng cng on xy lp.

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Lp k hoch tc nghip v iu sn xut

9.1

Cng tc lp k hoch tc nghip v iu sn xut phi bo m iu ha sn xut v thi

cng, thng xuyn nm tnh hnh, kim tra phi hp hot ng ca cc n v sn xut v c s phc
v, nhm hon thnh ng thi hn cc khi lng xy lp v a nhanh cng trnh vo s dng.
9.2

Khi lp k hoch tc nghip, cn c bit ch nhng vn sau y:

y mnh tc thi cng, p dng rng ri nhng phng php t chc thi cng v cng ngh thi

cng tin tin, s dng ti mc cao nht cng sut cc my mc, thit b;

S dng ti a nng lc ca nhng t chc v n v tham gia thi cng;

Pht hin nhng ngun d tr sn xut;

Cung ng kp thi v ng b cho thi cng nh: lc lng lao ng, my mc thit b v vt t k

thut.
9.3

cng tc k hoch ha c chnh xc v bo m cng tc thi cng c nhp nhng,

phi hp chnh xc gia nhng n v xy lp vi cc n v sn xut cu kin ca cng trnh v cho

tng n v tham gia thi cng. Tin thi cng cn phi lp chi tit hng tun, hng ngy, c khi hng
gi nu xt thy cn thit, v phi km theo tin cung ng vt t k thut, kt cu, cu kin, thit
b, vt liu xy dng ti chn cng trnh.
Ty theo iu kin v tnh hnh c th ca cng trng c th p dng cch lp k hoch v iu khin
thi cng theo phng php ng thng hoc phng php s mng li.
9.4

K hoch tc nghip ca n v xy lp phi c lp trn c s phi hp k hoch ca nhng

b phn sn xut chnh v ph tr ca n v. Khi lp k hoch tc nghip ca t chc nhn thu

chnh, phi ch xem xt k hoch ca cc n v trc thuc v k hoch ca cc t chc nhn thu
ph.
9.5

Nhng ti liu c s dng lp k hoch tc nghip l:

K hoch sn xut (tnh theo khi lng v c cu cng vic);

H s thit k bn v thi cng v tin thc hin cng tc xy lp;

Tnh hnh cng vic ca tng hng mc cng trnh trc thi k k hoch;

Cc mc tiu phi t c trong k thc hin k hoch tc nghip;

Nhng ti liu v kh nng cung cp lng lao ng v vt t k thut trong thi k k hoch;

Cc loi nh mc s dng lao ng v tin lng, s dng vt liu xy dng, nng sut ca cc

my xy dng v thit b.
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9.6

K hoch tc nghip phi c giao trc mt s ngy cho cc b phn thc hin cc b

phn ny thi gian nghin cu v chun b cc iu kin cn thit cho thi cng.
9.7

K hoch tc nghip l c s t chc hch ton kinh t. Cc s liu thc hin k hoch tc

nghip phi a kp thi vo bo co thng k thng k v l cn c nh gi hot ng ca

nhng t chc v n v xy lp.
9.8

Vic thc hin k hoch tc nghip phi c kim tra theo di c h thng v tng kt, rt kinh

nghim kp thi. Phi xc nh c nng sut lao ng, mc tit kim (lng ph) vt liu, hiu qu s
dng my mc, thit b v nh gi cht lng cng tc thc hin (sn phm, bn thnh phm hoc
tng phn vic xy lp).
9.9

Mc trang b cc phng tin k thut, quy m v thnh phn ca b phn iu sn xut

cng ty, cng trng xy lp, trong cc x nghip sn xut v cc t chc tng ng c xc nh
theo quy m ca t chc, s ca lm vic v s phn b ca cc cng trnh trn a bn hot ng ca
n v.
9.10 Chc nng ch yu ca b phn iu sn xut l: kim tra vic thc hin k hoch tc nghip
v iu ha cc cng vic thi cng xy lp, t chc phi hp hot ng ca cc n v sn xut v cc
n v cung ng vt t k thut.
9.11 Nhng mnh lnh tc nghip ca th trng t chc xy dng c th do b phn iu sn
xut truyn t hoc do th trng trc tip ch th cho n v thc hin ri bo cho b phn iu
bit.
Nhng kin iu ca iu vin l bt buc i vi tt c cng nhn vin ca cc n v ang
hot ng trong khu vc m iu vin ph trch v cc n v nhn thu ph tham gia thi cng.
B phn iu c trch nhim s dng kp thi nhng bin php cn thit ngn nga nhng vi
phm ch thi cng bnh thng v gii quyt nhanh chng nhng hu qu xy ra.
9.12 truyn t nhng mnh lnh tc nghip v thng bo tin tc, ty theo iu kin v tnh hnh
c th c th s dng in thoi, loa truyn thanh, in tn, thng tin v tuyn v v
Danh mc v s lng cc phng tin k thut phc v iu sn xut trong nhng cng trnh c
bit phc tp, c xc nh trong thit k t chc xy dng.
9.13 nm tnh hnh kp thi v kim tra tin xy dng cng trnh, tnh hnh thc hin nhng giai
on thi cng xy lp chnh, cn phi p dng h thng bo co nhanh i vi tt c nhng t chc v
n v tham gia thi cng xy lp.

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10 T chc kim tra cht lng

10.1 Vic nh gi cht lng cng trnh xy dng xong do Hi ng nghim thu c s hoc Hi
ng nghim thu Nh nc (i vi nhng cng trnh c bit quan trng) thc hin trong khi nghim
thu cng trnh a vo sn xut hoc s dng.
nh gi cht lng, cn cn c vo cc yu cu thit k, vt liu xy dng, kt cu trang thit b
k thut v cng tc thi cng xy lp.
10.2 Cht lng thit k c nh gi ty theo hiu qu ca n c th hin trn thc t cng
trnh v nhng gii php k thut, kinh t, cng ngh, quy hoch khng gian, kt cu v kin trc.
10.3 Cht lng vt liu xy dng, cu kin, thit b k thut c nh gi ti ni ch to ra nhng
sn phm hoc ti cng trng trc khi a vo s dng. Khi nh gi, cn cn c vo nhng
tiu chun v quy phm v tng lnh vc v cc ti liu chng nhn sn phm xut xng, kt qu th
nghim mu ly ti hin trng, ng thi phi xem xt hiu qu thc t ca n c th hin trn
cng trnh.
10.4 Cht lng cng tc thi cng xy lp c nh gi theo nhng kt qu kim tra thi cng v theo
tiu chun, quy phm Nh nc hin hnh.
10.5 Trong phm vi t chc xy lp, cng tc kim tra cht lng thi cng xy lp bao gm: kim tra
cht lng vt liu, cu kin, thit b a vo cng trnh, cht lng cng tc xy lp v kim tra
nghim thu hon thnh cng trnh.
Nhng ti liu v kt qu cc loi kim tra ni trn u phi ghi vo nht k cng trnh hoc bin bn
kim tra theo quy nh.
10.6 Cu kin, vt liu xy dng, thit b k thut a v cng trng u phi qua kim tra. Khi kim
tra, phi sot xt i chiu vi tiu chun k thut, bn thuyt minh v nhng ti liu k thut khc.
Hng ha a v phi bo m cht lng theo yu cu k thut, yu cu ca thit k v nhng yu
cu v bc d v bo qun.
Cng tc kim tra hng v do b phn cung ng vt t k thut ph trch v thc hin kho vt t
hoc trc tip ti c s sn xut. Trong trng hp cn thit, cc vt liu xy dng, cu kin phi
c th nghim li phng th nghim.
Ngoi ra, ngi ch huy thi cng phi kim tra, quan st, i chiu cht lng cu kin v vt liu xy
dng c a ti cng trng vi nhng yu cu c bn ca bn v thi cng, cc iu kin k thut
v tiu chun i vi mi sn phm.

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10.7 Cng tc kim tra cht lng phi c tin hnh ti ch, sau khi hon thnh mt cng vic sn
xut, mt phn vic xy lp hay mt cng on ca qu trnh xy lp phi pht hin kp thi nhng h
hng, sai lch, xc nh nguyn nhn, ng thi phi kp thi p dng nhng bin php ngn nga v
sa cha nhng h hng .
Khi kim tra cht lng, cn phi kim tra vic thc hin ng quy trnh cng ngh ghi trong H s
thit k bn v thi cng v i chiu kt qu nhng cng vic thc hin so vi yu cu ca thit k
bn v thi cng v cc tiu chun, quy chun hin hnh.
10.8 Tt c cc t chc nhn thu xy lp u phi c b phn kim tra cht lng cc sn phm do
cng tc xy lp lm ra. Ngi ch huy thi cng c trch nhim kim tra cht lng sn phm xy lp.
Ngi cng nhn trc tip sn xut phi t kim tra kt qu cng vic ca mnh.
Tham gia vo cng tc kim tra cht lng cn c nh thu thi cng xy dng, gim st thi cng xy
dng cng trnh v nghim thu cng trnh xy dng ca ch u t, gim st tc gi ca nh thu thit
k xy dng cng trnh
Nhng cng vic xy lp phi c kim tra cht lng. Cc nh thu phi xc nhn cht lng thi
cng bng bin bn nghim thu.
10.9 Khi kim tra cht lng, phi cn c vo nhng ti liu hng dn ghi trong thit k thi cng.
Nhng ti liu bao gm:

Bn v kt cu, km theo kch thc sai lch cho php v yu cu mc chnh xc o c yu

cu cht lng vt liu;

Nhng ti liu ghi r ni dung, thi gian v phng php kim tra;

Bn lit k nhng cng vic i hi phi c s tham gia kim tra ca b phn th nghim cng

trng v b phn trc c cng trnh;

Bn lit k nhng b phn cng trnh khut, i hi phi nghim thu v lp bin bn trc khi lp kn.

10.10Cng tc kim tra nghim thu c tin hnh kim tra v nh gi cht lng ton b hoc
b phn cng trnh xy dng xong, v c nhng b phn cng trnh khut, nhng kt cu c bit
quan trng ca cng trnh.
10.11Tt c nhng b phn ca cng trnh khut u phi c nghim thu, lp bin bn xc nhn v
bn v hon cng trc khi lp kn hoc thi cng nhng phn vic tip theo. Ring bn nghim thu
nhng b phn cng trnh khut c lp ngay sau khi hon thnh cng vic v c xc nhn ti ch
ca b phn kim tra cht lng ca t chc nhn thu v b phn gim st k thut ca c quan giao
thu.
Nu nhng cng tc lm tip theo sau mt thi gian gin on di th phi t chc nghim thu v lp
bin bn nhng b phn cng trnh khut ch c tin hnh trc khi bt u thi cng li.
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10.12i vi nhng kt cu c bit quan trng, cn phi c t chc nghim thu trung gian v lp bin
bn theo mc hon thnh tng phn trong qu trnh thi cng.
Trong thit k phi ghi r nhng cng vic c bit quan trng cn phi nghim thu trung
gian.
10.13Ngoi vic kim tra cht lng trong ni b t chc xy lp (gia ch u t, nh thu gim st
thi cng v nh thu thi cng), cng tc kim tra cht lng xy dng cn do cc c quan gim nh
thc hin.
10.14Cc t chc xy lp phi nghin cu ra nhng bin php v t chc, k thut v kinh t
thc hin tt cng tc kim tra cht lng xy lp. Trong nhng bin php y, phi c bit ch vic
thnh lp b phn th nghim cng trng, b phn trc c cng trnh v cng tc o to bi dng
nng cao tay ngh v trnh chuyn mn ca cn b v cng nhn xy dng.
10.15Ngoi nhng quy nh ch yu trong tiu chun ny, cng tc kim tra cht lng cng trnh phi
theo ng quy phm nghim thu cng trnh v cc quy nh v kim tra cht lng thi cng xy lp ca
Nh nc.

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