I.Hiu ng Doppler : ........................................................................................................

1
1.Tn s Doppler ln nht : ..........................................................................................2
2.B rng n nh v tn s ca knh.......................................................................2
3.B rng n nh v thi gian ca knh ..................................................................2
II.Bin i FFT : (BI 1) .................................................................................................2
1.Tm v v hm truyn t t p ng xung ................................................................2
III.Hm t tng quan v tng quan cho ......................................................................4
1.Tnh cc h s b lc ZF. Cho h(t).............................................................................4
2.Tnh cc h s b lc MMSE .....................................................................................5
IV.Vn OFDM ............................................................................................................6
1.iu ch n sng mang : .........................................................................................6
2.iu ch a sng mang (FDM) : ................................................................................6
3.Chuyn qua dng iu ch a sng mang trc giao(OFDM) : ....................................7
3.1. Tnh y khi cho x cng khong chng li G .........................................................7
3.2.Tnh x sau khi thu c y c khong chng li G ...............................................7
3.3Tnh tc bit thng tin khi truyn c pilot .........................................................7
V.H s tp m v nhit tp m trong h thng thng tin .........................................8
1.H s tp m..............................................................................................................8
2.Nhit tp m hiu dng .........................................................................................9
VI.Nhng ci cha bit ..................................................................................................11

I.Hiu ng Doppler :
Hiu ng Doppler gy ra hiu ng ph tn s ca tn hiu thu c bn thu b
lch so vi tn s trung tm mt khong, gi l tn s Doppler. Hiu ng xut hin
khi c s chuyn ng tng i gia bn pht v bn thu.
Cng thc :

1.Tn s Doppler ln nht :

: vn tc tng i gia bn pht v bn thu

=3.108
0 : tn s trung tm (tn s lm vic)
2.B rng n nh v tn s ca knh
() = 1
: tr truyn dn ln nht trn knh
+) () >> B : knh khng ph thuc tn s
+) () << B : knh ph thuc tn s
3.B rng n nh v thi gian ca knh
() = 1 2

+) () >> TS : knh khng ph thuc thi gian

+) () << TS : knh ph thuc thi gian
Trong : TS : di mt mu tn hiu ca h thng
i vi iu ch n sng mang : TS = 1/B
i vi iu ch a sng mang (FDM) : TS = NC/B
NC =2L+1: s knh

II.Bin i FFT : (BI 1)

() =

=0
1.Tm v v hm truyn t t p ng xung
Cho phn gii tn s bng B/7 h phi c 8 s hng

*) V d
Cho = [.8 .3 .4 .1 0 0 0 0 ]
N=8;

() =

2 8

=0
Tnh bng my :
0.8 + 0.3.e-k.i/4 + 0.4.e-k.i/2 + 0.1.e-k.i3/4 + 0 thay dn k = 0 7
H0 = h0.e0 +h1.e1 +=0.8 + 0.3 + 0.4 + 0.1 = 1.6
H1 = h0.e0 + h1.e -2i/8 + h2.e-4i/8 + h3e-6i/8 +=
= 0.8 + 0.3.e-i/4 + 0.4.e-i/2 + 0.1.e-i3/4 + 0 =
= 0.8 + 0.3(

2
2

2
2

) + 0.4(-i) + 0.1(

2
2

2
2

= 0.9414 -0.6828i
H2 = h0.e0 + h1.e -4i/8 + h2.e-8i/8 + h3e-12i/8 +=
= 0.8 + 0.3.e-i/2 + 0.4.e-i + 0.1.e-i3/2 + 0 =
= 0.8 0.3i 0.4 + 0.1i =
= 0.4 0.2i
H3 = 0.8 + 0.3.e-3i/4 + 0.4.e-3i/2 + 0.1.e-i9/4 + 0 =
= 0.8 + 0.3(

2
2

2
2

) + 0.4i + 0.1(

2
2

2
2

)=

= 0.6586 + 0.11716i
H4 = 0.8 + 0.3.e-i + 0.4.e-i2 + 0.1.e-i3 + 0 =
= 0.8 0.3 +0.4 0.1= 0.8
H5 = 0.8 + 0.3.e-i5/4 + 0.4.e-i5/2 + 0.1.e-i15/4 + 0 = bm my
= 0.6586 0.1172i
H6 = 0.4 + 0.2i
H7 = 0.9414 + 0.6828i
H(f) = [1.6 0.9414-0.6828i 0.40.2i 0.6586+0.11716i
0.1172i 0.4+0.2i 0.9414+0.6828]

0.8 0.6586

III.Hm t tng quan v tng quan cho

= [ . ( + )]
+

. ( )

=
=
Hm tng quan cho :

. ( )

=
=

Tch chp : tnh

y(t)=x(t)*h(t)

. ( )
=

1.Tnh cc h s b lc ZF. Cho h(t)

Cc h s b lc l cc h s ca ma trn c : 2N+1
Cc h s ca p ng h : 4N+1
Tm c : l ma trn trung tm ca |h-1 lp ra ma trn |h tm ma trn
nghch o |h-1 ly ma trn trung tm lm ma trn h s b lc c

To ma trn

(0)
| = (1)
(2)

(1)
(0)
(2 1)

(2)
(2 1)
(0)

*)V d :
cho h(t)= [-.2 .9 .3]
Tm cc h s b lc ZF vi t nht 3 h s.
Gii :
B lc vi t nht 3 h s 2N+1 = 3
p ng h phi c : 4N+1=5 h s
h = [h(-2) h(-1) h(0) h(1) h(2)]
h(t) = [0 -.2

.9

lp ra ma trn

.9
|h = . 3
0

.3

Ma trn nghch o

0]
.2
.9
.3

|h-1 =

0
.2
.9

1
det
[| ]

2.Tnh cc h s b lc MMSE
Tm ma trn t tng quan :

(0)
= (1)
(2)

(1)
(2)
(0)
(2 1)
(2 + 1)
(0)

()
=
()
Ma trn h s b lc :

1
=
.

1
Phi tnh
.

S b lc MMSE (b lc cn bng knh):

y(t)
D

C-N

C-N+1
C0

CN

d(t)

Z(t)

e(t)

IV.Vn OFDM ghp knh phn chia theo cc sng mang trc giao:

1.iu ch n sng mang :

Dng tn hiu c truyn trn ton b bng tn, tn s ly mu bng rng
bng tn. Nhiu nhiu : nhiu lin tn hiu ISI : chiu di mu cng nh th nhiu cng
nhiu dng trong h thng bng hp GSM.
2.iu ch a sng mang (FDM) :
Ton b bng tn dc chia nh : chia 2L+1 knh ph. Chiu di mu ln hn nn
nhiu ISI nh hng n h thng t hn. Phng php ny khng lm tng hiu qu
s dng bng tn ca h thng.

3.Chuyn qua dng iu ch a sng mang trc giao(OFDM) :

chng nhiu giao thoa thm cc k t chng li
Ly G bit cui ca X a ln u lm cc bit chng li
3.1. Tnh y khi cho x cng khong chng li G
Knh truyn h(t)=[.8 .3], tn hiu knh truyn x=[.2

-.3

.4

G=2
xG = [.4

-.1

.2

-.3

.4

-.1]

y=xG*h(t) : tnh tch chp

3.2.Tnh x sau khi thu c y c khong chng li G

cch lm : loi b G bit bo v t y : c yG

Tnh FFT cho x v yG c X v YG
Tnh H=YG/X
Tnh
h=IFFT(H)

1
() =

.
=0

3.3Tnh tc bit thng tin khi truyn c pilot

Phng php truyn tn hiu pilot : thm pilot Df, Dt Bi 6
Cc cng thc : P = N +G
G: s bt thm chng li
N: s bt tn hiu lc u

-.1]

P: s bt hiu sau khi thm

Tn s ly mu : fLM = B
Chiu tn hiu : TS = (1/fLM).P=(1/B)(N+G)=(N+G)/B

Df = 3

Pilot

Dt = 2

Tnh tc bit thng tin : gi s bi cho Df, Dt nh trn hnh tm xem c 6 bit trng
th c 1 bit en tc bit gim cn 5/6 so vi trng hp khng thm pilot tn
trng hp khng thm pilot sau nhn 5/6

Gi s iu ch 16QAM 4 BIT/1TIN HIEU (1 knh)

Tng s bt = s knh*4
Tc bit cui cng : vb*5/6

V.H s tp m v nhit tp m trong h thng thng tin

1.H s tp m : t s gia cng sut S/N u vo chia cho S/N u ra
=

+
=

0
0

N0 = kTaB
=

Sout = GS0
PNout = GN0 + PNRX = GBkTa + PNRX = GBk(Ta + Te)

: nhit tp m hiu dng

0

= 0

0 =
( + )

Gi : h s khuch i ca tng th i
Fi : h s tp m ca tng th i
(h s tp m ca mt bn cc suy gim ng bng h s suy gim L ca n )
Khi h thng c nhiu tng khuch i : n tng
H s tp m tng cng :
= 1 +

2 1 3 1
1
+
++
1
1 2
1 2 1

2.Nhit tp m hiu dng :

= 1 +

2 1 3 1
1
+
+ +
1
1 2
1 2 1

Bi 3_k49 thy yem cha r ri

Mt my thu gm 3 tng: Tng 1 l b lc thng di c bng thng 150 MHz ti tn s
trung tm 2,4 GHz, suy hao ca b lc l 1,5 dB ; Tng 2 l tng khuch i c h s
khuch i 10 dB v h s tp m 2 dB; Tng 3 c h s khuch i 15 dB v h s tp
m 2 dB. Gi thit h thng nhit phng.

a. Tnh h s tp m tng ca my thu.

b. Tnh t s tn hiu - tp m u ra nu nh cng sut tn hiu u vo l -85
dBm. Ngi ta c th thay i th t cc tng cho h s tp m tt hn c
khng ?.
Gii.
B = 150 MHz
Ta=290 K
F1 L1 1,5dB 1,4125

+ Tng 1: L1=1,5 dB
1
G1 L 0,708

+ Tng 2:

+ Tng 3:

G2 10dB 10
F2 2dB 1,5849

G3 15dB 31,6228
F3 2dB 1,5849

a) p dng cng thc Friis:

F F1

F1 1 F3 1
1,5849 1 1,5849 1

1,4125

G1
G1G2
0,708
10 0,708

F 2,3212 3,657dB

b) T=Ta=290K:
SNRout(dB) = 174 + Pin(dBm) 10logB F(dB)
SNRout(dB) = 174 85 10log150.106 3,657
SNRout(dB) = 3,58 dB

+ i th t tng 2 cho tng 1, ta c:

F = 1,7088 = 2,3269 (dB)

+ i th t tng 1 cho tng 3, ta c:
F = 1,6047 = 2,0539 (dB)
+ i th t tng 2 v tng 3, ta c:
F = 2,2648 = 3,55 dB

VI.Nhng ci cha bit

6.1 Th no l fading chm (slow fading), fading nhanh (fast fading), fading phng (flat
fading) v fading la chn tn s (frequency selective fading)?. Cc thng s
phn loi cc loi fading ny l g?.
6.2 Phn tch u nhc im ca my thu i tn v my thu gii iu ch tn hiu trc
tip.
6.3 So snh FDM v OFDM. Nu v phn tch cc u nhc im ca OFDM.
Bi 3: Mt h thng thng tin v tuyn hot ng tn s 2,4 GHz. C ly gia my pht
v my thu l 50 km.
My thu c nhy l -95 dBm. Hi my pht phi pht tn hiu vi cng sut ti thiu
l bao nhiu mW (milliwatt) my thu c th thu c tn hiu?. Gi thit anten pht v
thu u l anten ng hng; m hnh suy hao trong khng gian t do; tn hao ph l 8
dB v d tr fading l 20 dB.
Bi 4: Trnh by vic tnh ton la chn cc thng s trong mt h thng OFDM tho
mn cc yu cu: tc bit 30 Mbps, dung sai tr tri cho php 200 ns, rng bng nh
hn 20 MHz.
Bi 5: a. Hy v v trnh by chi tit chc nng ca tng khi trong h thng my pht v
tuyn. So snh my pht trc tip v my pht thng qua trung tn.
b. Nu s khc nhau gia phng php cp pht knh tnh (FCA) v knh ng
(DCA)