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Solid Gas
Liquid
Solid
Definite Shape
Definite Volume
Liquid
Indefinite Shape –
takes the shape of the
container
Definite Volume
Gas
Indefinite Shape –
takes the shape of
the container
Indefinite Volume –
can expand and be
compressed
Elements one of the 100+ pure
substances
C = Carbon Na = Sodium
O = Oxygen Ca = Calcium
H = Hydrogen K = Potassium
N = Nitrogen I = Iodine
S = Sulfur Cl = Chlorine
P = Phosphorus
Atom the smallest particle making up
elements
Sub-atomic Particles
Protons p+ - positive
charge, in nucleus
Neutrons n0 – no
charge, in nucleus
6 Atomic # = # of p+ and # of e-
Carbon has 6 n0
Drawing an Atom of Carbon
e-
e-
6 p+
e- e-
6 n0
e-
e-
Compounds
Compounds - 2 or more
elements chemically
combined to form a new
substance with
new properties
Properties – The way a
chemical substance looks and
behaves
Compounds
Glucose Sugar H
H C OH
C6H12O6 C O
H H H
C H C
OH
OH OH
C C
Chemical formula
H OH
Structural formula
Compounds
Inorganic Organic
or
Compounds Compounds
• usually don’t contain • always contain C & H and
Carbon usually O, N, sometimes
• generally come from the S&P
earth • originate in organisms
• generally simple molecules • generally complex molecules
Examples of Inorganic
Compounds
H + O = H2O = Water
C, H + O Carbohydrates = Sugars,
starches & cellulose
C, H + O Lipids = Fats & Oils
C, H, O, N, & Protein
sometimes P + S s
C, H, O, N, + P Nucleic Acids – DNA &
RNA
Chemistry