BI XUN NG Ti nc v bn phn l vic ti quan trng trong vic trng lan v 2 vic ny thng i i vi nhau.

. TI NC Lun lun nh rng nu khng ti trong vng mt thng cy lan ch b khng li ch khng cht, ngc li nu ti hng ngy s b thi r v cht. trong rng ni c khi my thng ma lin lin m lan vn khng sao v bm vo cnh cy cho nn r khng b ng nc nh trng trong chu, v nu khng ma lan c thng lan vn ti tt v m rt cao. Vy bao nhiu lu chng ta ti mt ln? Mi tun mt ln hay hai ln? Mt tun hay hai tun mt ln? Vn ny ty theo kinh nghim v ph thuc vo nhng iu kin di dy: 1. Thi im vo ma h hay ma ng? Nhit cao hay thp? 2. Ni lan trong ch rp mt hay ngoi nng? ch gi nhiu hay t? 3. Chu bng t hay chu nha? Chu to hay chu nh? 4. Vt liu trng lan dng v cy, , r cy (tree fern) hay ru (sphagnum moss)? 5. Loi lan no? bi v Cattleya cn phi kh ri mi ti, cn Paphiopedilum lc no cng phi m t. Cy ln hay cy nh? 6. Cch ti ra sao? Ti tht m hay ti s qua? Nghe qua dng nh kh hiu, tuy nhin c mt li khuyn tng qut: Khi cy mc mnh ra nhiu r ti nhiu, khi cy ngng tng trng bt ti. Theo kinh nghim vo ma h cy ang mc mnh r ra nhiu, trung bnh mi tun hay 3-4 ngy mt ln cho tt cc loi lan, ngoi tr Cymbidium, Paphiopedilum, Odontoglossum, Miltonia lc no cng phi m t cho nn c th ti 2 ngy mt ln, ring loi Vanda mi ngy 2-3 ln. Ma thu cy ngng tng trng, bt ti i khong tun mt ln, ma ng 10-15 ngy mt ln ngoi tr Dendrobium mi thng 1 ln hoc khng cn ti t thng 11 nh loi Dendrobium nobile chng hn. Nhng ti bao nhiu nc cho ? Ma h ti thiu, mi thng mt ln ti i, ti li cho tht sng nc cho ngm vo trong v cy, hay vt liu trng lan v x cho sch nhng cht mui c sn trong nc v phn bn. Vo ma thu nn ti thm vi Epson Salt theo ch dn di.

Lan trng trn cc khc cy (mounted) cn ngm vo nuc 15 pht mi tun, nhng nh phi thay nc nhiu ln, v mi ln nhng cy khc vo s nc khng cn sch v d nhim bnh. Lan trng trong chu t mau kh nc hn trong chu nha. Chu ln hay cy ln ti tha hn chu nh v cy nh. C ngi hi ta nn ti bng nc g? Nc lc, nc my, nc ma, nc ging hay nc trong h bi, h c? Nc ma tt nht, nc lc Reverse Osmosis (ROS) hay nc ct (Distilled) u tt nhng qu tn km, nc lc qua bnh Deironized tt nhng cng hi tn tin. Khng nn dng nc h bi v c nhiu Chlorine. Nc my, nc h c v nuc ging c t cn ch s di 300ppm (Part per million) hay TDS (total dissolved salt) tt, di 500ppm tm c, trn 700ppm khng nn dng d ti lan. Nc my mi vng khc nhau v c pha thm nc ging nhiu hay t. Mun bit ch s ny hy hi cng ty cung cp nuc hoc ly mu nh tim nc lc o h. Mt vi loi lan nh: Disa i hi phi ni bng nc ma, nc lc ROS hay nuc ct. Mt vi loi khc nh: Draculla, Masdevalia v.v... cng i hi nc kh tinh khit. Ngoi vn cn trong nc cn c vn ch s nng pH, t 4.0 n 8.0 u c th ti lan c. Nhng nu trn 8.0 hay di 4.0 s lm cho phn bn b v hiu qu. Ma h nn ti nc nn ti vo bui sng sm hoc bui chiu gn ti, khng kh mt m s gip cho r cy mc mnh. Cc ma khc nn ti vo bui sng cho l cy c kh vo bui ti khi nhit xung thp, trnh cc bnh tt d pht sinh trong mi trng lnh v t t. Loi lan H Dip Phalaenopsis chng hn nu ng nc trn l non vo ban m s bi thi ngn v cht. Ti qu thng xuyn lm cho r lc no cng t khng ht c dng kh nui cy v lm cho vt liu nui cy chng b mc. L cy b vng v nhn nheo, r mm v ng mu nu l du hiu ti qu nhiu. Trng hp ny ct b r thi, rc bt Sulfur (dim sinh) ri cho vo ti nylon ct cht li, ch cho r mc khong 2 phn s trng li. Ti qu t s lm cho r khng mc su xung c, mui s ng li trong cht liu trng cy lm cho r b kh, tr nn mu xm d gy. Thy l non Oncidium, Miltonia hay bt c loi no c l di b chun xp li hay i thnh mu xm l du hiu ti khng nc. BN PHN Chng ta nn nh rng lan mc trong rng ni u c phn bn m vn ti tt. Lan ch nh phn chim, l mc v cc khong cht ln trong khng kh hay nc ma m sng. Cc nh trng lan chuyn nghip nghin cu ring r tng loi lan cho nn h bn lan rt chnh xc. Chng ta l nhng ngi chi lan ti t thng hay mc phi li lm bn qu nhiu. Phn bn c 2 loi hu c (organic) v nhn to. Phn bn hu c do thin nhin m ra nh phn b, nc c chng hn thng c ch s 5-1-1 Loi ny hi phc tp mt cht, cn phi c mt vi yu t ph nh vi khun, nhit cho nn tc dng chm chp v li nng mi d thu ht cc cn trng, cho nn khng nn dng. Mt th khc kh tt l phn b mc (cow manure) tit b (blood meal) pha long vi nc ri mt vi ngy cho trong nc rt

thch hp vi lan Phaius (hc nh). Phn bn nhn to d l nc hay bt cng d ha tan trong nc v c tc dng trong vng mt gi. Phn bn thng mang 3 nhm ch s nh 30-10-10, 15-15-15, 10-30-20. Nhm u ch s lng Nitrogene gip cho cy l mc mnh, nhm th hai ch s Phosphorus gip cho hoa, qu. Nhm th ba ch s Potassium gip cho c v r. Nhng thc ra trong phn bn cn c nhiu cht khc cn thit cho cy nh st, km, ng, v.v nhng s lng rt nh khng ng k. Trn th trng c rt nhiu phn bn vi cng thc khc nhau. Nh sn xut no cng ni l cu mnh hay v ng hn c. Mi y vin i hc Michigan sau nhiu nm nghin cu cho ra mt cng thc 19-4-23 kh thnh cng. Nhng cng c nhiu nh khoa hc khng ng v khuyn nn bn vi loi c cng thc ng u th d: 7-7-7. Do mi ngi dng mt loi phn c cng thc khc nhau. Nhng mu sc xanh, hay vng l ch do nh sn xut dng d phn bit ch khng c mt tc dng no c. Phn bn lm thnh vin, que khng thch hp cho lan khng nn dng v qu mnh s lm chy r. Phn bn ht loi chm tan (Slow release) ch nn dng trong trng hp li bn phn hoc dng cho Cymbidium l loi cn nhiu phn bn. Th phn ny cn phi c nhit trn 70F mi lm v v bc bn ngoi. Nu nui nhiu v c th gi, ma h khi cy mi mc cn bn loi 30-1010, khi cy ngng tng trng vo ma thu bn loi 10-30-20 (Blossom booster) thc cho hoa n. Nu ch c t cy v khng mun i loi phn nn dng 15-15-15-hoc 20-20-20. Khng nn mua loi phn trong Nitrogene c cht Urea bi v cht ny cn c mt thi gian mi tc dng, nn phn cha kp ngm ti i mt. Nn nh ch bn hay mt tha c ph gt cho 1 gallon nc. Nn p dng cu Weekly v Weekly ngha l bn rt long v bn mi tun mt ln. Khi thy u l b en li l u hiu bn qu nhiu phn v c mui ng trong chu. Nn ti bng Epson Salt tc l Magnesium Sulfate, 1 tha sp cho 1 gallon nc r ht cht mui. Sau ti tht m x cho sch. Xin nh k my im sau y: Thy cy lan o ut vng a m bn nhiu phn, ti nhiu nc l git cy lan mau l. ng bao gi bn phn khi chu cy qu kh, cy s b khng li. Lun nh Lan khng a nhng th phn bn qu manh tc l c ch s qu cao .Th d 30-10-10 d b chy l chy r hn l loi 7-1-1 . Nu mun cho hoa n nhiu m dng phn 0-50-30 hay 10-30-20 quanh nm cy s yu dn v cht.Chng ta ch nn dng nhng th phn dc pha ch sn v dc cc nh khoa hoc dung ha cc nhm ch s nh trinh by trn. Ngoi ra khi cy m chi hoa hay ra n khng cn bn phn na. Nn ti nc vo ngy hm trc hoc 4-5 gi trc ri mi bn phn. ng bao gi ti bn khi nhit xung di 50F Placentia 4-2004 Copyright 2004-2012 by HoaLanVietNam.org Ngun http://www.hoalanvietnam.org.

URL ca bi: http://www.hoalanvietnam.org/Article.asp?ID=4 In ngy: 06/02/2012

ngi xem trang ny v c lt khch ving trang web HLVN ny t ngy 1-1-2007

TRN C TO Nc l yu t cn thit cho s sng ca thc-vt v ng-vt. i vi nhng ngi mi chi hoa lan, phn ln cy cht cng v ti nc khng hay ngc li ti qu nhiu nc lm cy cht v ng nc. Thc t cho bit 90% cy lan cht v ti nhiu nc m nguyn do v thiu kinh nghim hay s . Mi u ai cng tng ti nc th d nhng v lm cy lan cht oan ung. Vy chng ta th tm hiu nguyn nhn gy ra vn nn trn. I. Nhng yu t trng lan: trng thnh cng hoa lan cn c nhiu yu t nh sau: 1. Nc: - Nc mang li m cho cy trong c hoa lan - Nc lm ha tan cht b dng nui lan v - Lm ung thi trng cn trng lm hi cy ci. 2. nh sng: nh sng cn cho cy ra hoa v c dip lc t. Nn trng cy quay v hng Nam n nhiu nh sng. C th dng nh sng nhn to thay cho nh sang thin nhin. Mi loi lan cn mt sng thch hp.Che chn trnh nh sng trc tip, gay gt, lm chy l cy. 3. Vt liu trng lan: Ty loi tui, loi lan chn vt liu thch hp. Lan Vanda c th phi r ngoi khng kh nhng a s Lan u c trng bng nhng vt liu nh v cy, sn, ru, s da, perlite

4. Phn bn: Nn dng loi phn c ch sn cho hoa lan. Liu lng, hm lng s thay i ty theo ma, thi tit, ln ca cy, v chng loi cy trng 5. Nhit : Lan mc khp tri t vi nhiu nhit khc nhau nn mi loi Lan cn c mi trng nhit thch hp. Nhit n i thch hp nht cho hoa lan. 6. Thong kh: Lan cn trng ni thong kh gip cho nc khi ng qu lu ni vt liu trng lan v trnh cho cy khi nm. Trn y l nhng yu t cn cho vic trng hoa lan m ngi trng phi tin liu kh nng c th cung cp cho cy lan sp mua v. Ngi trng cn tm hiu nhng c tnh ca cy lan m c s sn sc thch hp. Ngoi ra, thnh cng trong vic trng lan, ngi trng t hi mnh c kin nhn tm hiu, trau di, hc hi, chm sc cy lan mnh a thch. II.- Vn ti nc cho cy lan. Thng nhng ngi khng chi lan u cho vic ti nc l bnh thng, d dng. Nhng, nguyn nhn em n ci cht cho cy lan l thiu nc hay phn ln v tha nc. Do , chng ta th tm hiu nhng vn lin quan n vic ti nc sao cho cy khi cht. Ty cch cu to ca mi loi lan m cy ny c th chu ng c s thiu nc hay tha nc trong mt thi hn bao lu. V d nh cy Vanda, r ong a ngoi khng kh, khng c c cha nc, khng trng trong chu, d b kh nc. Do ta phi ti loi cy ny thng hn loi cy trng trong chu, c c d tr nc nh Cattleya. Nu khng ti kp thi, r, thn, s kh v cht dn. Nguyn nhn cy cht kh v ti khng nc, khong cch ti qu xa, b qun khng ti mt thi gian di hoc cy b che khut mi ln ti. Ngc li, nu ti qu nhiu, nc ng , r b ngp, hin tng sinh ha b cn tr, cy khng ht c dng kh v khng thi ra thn khi c, cy s cht. Khi ti nc, ta em m cn thit cho cy ng thi nc lm ho tan khong cht, mui, ho cht, lm thnh cht nui dng cho cy. A.- Nhng yu t sau y nh hng n vic ti nc cho cy lan:

1.- R cy. Nu r b t, b gip, b thi, cy s khng cn b phn ht nc vo trong thn cy. Nu c ti thm, nc s d lm cy b ng nc. y l trng hp cy lan mi thay chu. Cy b ct r, hay r b gip nn khng cn ti trong thi gian ba tun sau khi thay chu. 2.- Chng loi lan. Mi loi lan ham nc mt cch khc nhau. Loi lan Cattleya rt thch nc, c c b cha nc. Lan c r ln, l dy, c mm b, t thch nc hn.. Cy ln ht nc nhiu hn cy nh. 3.- m / Ma ma. m thay i tu theo ma. Ma ma hay ma ng m nhiu nn c th ti t hoc khong cch ti xa hn . Ma ma ta khng cn ti nhiu. Lan H-ip trng c trong nh nn c th chu m di 30% trong khi lan Cymbidium c th chu m 50% hay hn v Lan Dendrobium t 50 n 70%. m l tng trng lan t 50 n 60%. m nhiu lm cy d sinh bnh, hoa c chm v nm. 4.- Nhit- / Ma nng. Ma H, nng, nhit cao, cy mt nc nhiu nn cng phi ti nhiu hn ma ma. Nhit- m khi cao hn 60F (15.5C), nhit- trung bnh t 50 n 60F (10-15.5C) v Mt t 45 n 50F (4.410C). Nhit- trn 90F (32.2C) khng thch hp cho hoa lan. 5.- Phm cht ca nc. Khi ti, ta cn lu ti phm cht ca nc. Nc c th c nhng khng c cha qu nhiu ho cht, c t, vi sinh vt Thnh phn nhng cht ha tan lm thay i phm cht ca nc. Nc ma vi t tp cht c coi nh l tng ti cho lan. Nc ti m cy pht trin mnh th c th dng c. Nu khng, ta phi dng nc c phn cht cho thch hp vi loi lan ang trng. o pH bit phm cht ca nc cha nhiu t acid v alkalin c trong nc. Trung bnh l pH7. Di pH7, s cng nh biu hiu s acid cng cao v mi s u gp 10 ln nng s trc n. V d pH6 c acid trung bnh, pH5 c acid 10 ln hn pH6. Trn pH7 l biu hiu s tng cht alkalin trong nc. V d pH8 c nng alkalin trung bnh, pH9 th c nhiu alkalin hn. o pH bng giy (Hydrion paper) hay bng my o.

Nc l, nc phn, nc mn u khng dng ti cho lan c. Ta c th hi thm cc nh trng ta bit tnh trng nc trong vng. Nng ca nc c th thay i tu theo thnh ph. Nu nc c pha nhiu cht chlorine ta c th vi ra b cha cho bay hi bt v dng sau. C th dng ct hay filter lc nc ch ng dng ho cht. V d cht mui dng trong my lm nh nc (water softener) s lm cy chm ln hoc cht cy. Nc ma tht s cng c nhiu tpcht nh bi, khi, ho cht.Thng th nc my ung hng ngy c th dng ti cho lan. 6.- Cht dng trng lan. Mi loi lan cn mt cht trng ring v do i hi phi ti nhiu t tu theo s gi nc ca cht trng. V cy gi nc nhiu hn si nn c xay to nh khc nhau cho hp vi loi, c ca cy. Thnh phn cht trng cng c thay i tu loi lan v gi nc mau hay lu. V d Cattleya cn 80% v cy hay v 20% perlite. Trong khi , Phalaenopsis cn cht trng mau thot nc gm v cy loi trung bnh, coarse perlite, sphanugm moss vi t l 6/2/2. Tuy gi l lan t cymbidium nhng thnh phn cht trng cng gm c 50% v cy loi trung bnh, 30% ru v 20% perlte. Ct, khng gi nc lu nn dng cho nhng loi lan khng a nhiu nc hoc dng pha thm vo cc cht gi nc nhiu c mc gi nc trung bnh. Nu dng nhiu ct lm cht trng th phi ti nhiu hn. ha dim sn va gi nc va bng nn d thong kh.

7.- Cht lm chu trng lan. a s lan c trng trong chu lm bng nha hay bng t nung vi kch thc thay i cho hp vi c ca cy lan. Chu nh, cha t nc nn mau kh hn chu ln. Chu lm bng nha kn hn chu lm bng t nung nn nc d b ng lm cht cy lan.. Chu t d thot nc nn mau kh nhng nng hn chu nha. Mun cho chu nha mau thot nc ta c th khot thm l chung quanh. Cc l ny cn gip cho thong kh. ng knh ca chu (inch) Ngy ti 2" Ti mi 3 ngy 4" Ti mi 5 ngy 6" Ti mi 7 ngy Vo ma ng, chu ng knh 3 n 4" c th ti cch ngy trong khi vo ma H phi ti mi ngy. Cy trng trong chu ln vo ma ng c th ti cch 5,6 ngy, nhng vo ma H phi ti cch nhau 2 n 3 ngy. 8.- Nc v phn bn. Nc mang cht dinh dng nui cy. Nc lm ha tan phn bn, cht khong cn thit cho cy. Phn dng cho lan di dng lng, bt, vin. Phn c pha vi nc theo mt t l do nh sn xut nh sn trc khi ti cho cy. Thng th nn dng mt t l t hn. Khng nn ti phn khi t trng cn kh m nn ti nc pha phn khi cht trng cn m. Triu chng nhiu phn qu: l vng, u l b chy. C th cha bng cch ngng ti phn, ti m nc ra bt phn v nu cn thay t trng. Ch ti phn khi cy ang tng trng. Cy ngoi nng cn nc v phn nhiu hn cy trong rp. Trong thi gian lan ang c hoa nn ngng bn phn th hoa s bn hn. B.- dng ti & cch ti. 1.- Lm sao bit cy lan thiu nc? tha nc? a. Thiu nc: - Nhn ngn tay vo t trng m khng thy mt l thiu nc. - Cht trng tr nn kh gin, bi ri, i mu trng lt.

- Nng chu ln thy nh hn lc thng. - L ho, thn tp, c nhn nheo. - C th dng m k o m bng cch cm vo t trng. b. Triu chng d nc: - L vng, r xung hay mng nc. - C thm en, mng nc mu vng, c mi hi, tr thnh mu nu ri xp 2.- dng ti: Ngi ta c th dng go, bnh ti, vi ti c th iu chnh c. Nu trng nhiu ngi ta lp t h thng ti t ng bng my. H thng nh knh bao gm nh sng, nhit (si m/lnh), ti nc+phn, qut lm cho thong kh, my phun hi nc, sng.

3. Cch ti nc cho lan: - Ti khi t trng bt u kh. - Ti t nc nhng nhiu ln i vi cy phi r ra ngoi khng kh hay t trng nhiu ct, , si. - Ti m ra cht phn, mui ng li ni t trng. - Ti i ti li . Nu ti nhanh, nc cha kp thm vo cht trng (loi ln) m phi ti li mi nc. - Nhng c chu vo nc ngang vi gc cy trong vi pht. Li im l cht trng t u, git, ui c su b, lm ung trng su trong t trng nhng c nhc im l d truyn bnh cho nhau. - Khng nn ti vo l khi tri nng gt. L v mm non s b chy. - Ti khi cy ang tng trng, cn r. - Ti sau khi thay chu c hai n ba tun. Khng ti cng l cch kch thch r mau ra. - Nn ti vo bui sng cy c m nguyn ngy. Nc khng ng trn l v k l v c nng gi lm mau kh. - Nn ti vo x chiu hoc ti vo nhng thng nng v vo sng sm nhng ngy ma ng. - Nu ti m khng thy nc thot ra l nc b ng. Nn soi t trng hay thay t mi. - i vi hoa lan, nn ti nc nh nh sng. Hoa cha nc mau ng, mau tn. Ti qu nhiu nc n khng n, rng. - C th t lan trn khay nc c m. - Trnh dng vi nc si mnh trc tip lm long r v vng t trng. 4.- Ti sao qu nhiu nc lan cht? Cch cha. Theo kinh nghim bn thn, lan cht v nc chim n 90 % trong cng 90% v qu nhiu nc v phn cn li v thiu nc. Khi ti nhiu, nc bao kn r nn cy khng khng kh th. R cn Oxy bin i cht ng qua hin tng tng hp quang hc (photosynthesis) thnh nng lng cn cho i sng thc vt. Tin trnh trao i khi r ht dng kh vo lm pht sinh carbon dioxide. Cht ny cng phi c thi ra ngoi qua r. Nu ti nhiu nc lm ngng tin trnh trao i, thiu oxy, ng carbon dioxide, lm thi r, l vng ho v cy cht dn. Nu thy sm hin tng cy b nc ta c th ngng ti, cy ring mt ch, soi t cho nc mau thot v thm thong kh. Nu c nn ct r thi, thay chu v t trng mi. Khi thy l vng, ho, nu tng lm l thiu nc m ti thm s lm cy cht mau hn. III. Kt lun: Nc mang li m v cht dinh dng cho cy v nht l cy lan vn rt nhy cm vi nc. Ngi trng lan cn nm vng cc yu t nh ging lan, t trng, m, nhit chung quanh, ma nng, ma ma, kch thc chu to nh, ti nc nhiu hoc t sao cho ph hp vi c tnh ca cy lan m ta ang trng. C th, cy lan mi tng trng v em li kt qu mong i. 8/2008 Copyright 2004-2012 by HoaLanVietNam.org Ngun http://www.hoalanvietnam.org.

URL ca bi: http://www.hoalanvietnam.org/Article.asp?ID=379 In ngy: 06/02/2012 ngi xem trang ny v c lt khch ving trang web HLVN ny t ngy 1-1-2007 Tim kim S trang Th ba, ngy 07/02/2012 Trang ch

ng dng chuyn giao T vn & Dch v Thng tin hot ng Vn bn hng dn

Cng thng tin in t S khoa hc cng ngh ng dng tin b KHCN T vn & Dch v

Mt s kinh nghim trng hoa Lan

(18/03/2011 )

Hin nay ngh trng hoa lan pht trin rt mnh. Hoa lan Vit Nam c rt nhiu chng loi, mi loi mang mt v p khc nhau. Mi hng quyn r cng vi v p kiu sa ca chng lm m hoc bit bao ngi. C nhiu loi thch hp trng nh Dendrobium, Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, Vanda, Cattleya y l nhng loi ra hoa khe, p v bn cy, cho thu hoch lin tc. Nu trng lan chi, gii tr nn chn: Dendrobium, V n, H ip 1 Thit k vn: - Nu trng kinh doanh cn thit k khung gin lan lm bng st chc chn, m bo bn, chng gi bo. Gin che nh sng dng li mu xm hay xanh en. Gin t chu bng st, gin treo bng tm vng hay st ng nc. Hng trng nn thit k vung gc vi hng i ca nh nng. - Nu trng lan chi trn lan can, mi hin, sn thng cn t thm cc chu cnh khc nh cau, mai chiu thy, nguyt qu gim bt s kh nng do nh hng ca kt cu b tng, mi tn xung quanh. 2. Chn ging: C rt nhiu loi:

- Loi thch hp cho trng lan kinh doanh l cc ging: MoNaKa, Dendrobium, Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, Vanda, Cattleyal nhng loi hoa khe, p v bn cy, cho ra hoa lin tc. Nn trng nhiu chng loi, nhiu mu sc s d tiu th trn th trng. - Nu trng lan chi, gii tr nn trng Dendrobium, V n, H ip v y l nhng loi d chm sc v ra hoa. - Trng lan c th nhn ging bng nui cy m hay tch mm, chn tch mm t cc chu lan ln, mi phn 2-3 nhnh. Dng dao sc kh trng bng cn, vt ct cn gn, sau ct bi vi vo vt ct cho nhanh lnh so. 3. Chun b gi th v chu: Gi th trng lan c th dng than g, x da, v lc. + Than g nung cht khc, kch thc (1 x 2 x 3)cm, em ngm, ra sch, phi kh. + X da x ti ngm khong 1 tun cho bt tamin v mn, phi kh. Mn da cn ra sch phi kh. V da cht khc (1 x 2 x 3)cm x l nc vi 5%. + V lc: Dng vi nc phun nhiu ln lt b mt s tp cht, gim nhit, cht du, sau cho v lc vo chu bng nha hay khay t nung, kch c ty loi v tui. Nu trng trn lung th cho v lc vo lung dy 20cm. Nu trng kinh doanh th dng gi th l v lc th gi thnh r hn. Ngoi ra v lc ht nc t, m va phi, lan t b nm hn. 4. Cch trng: - Trng trn lung: Lm lung rng 80cm, di ty kh t, cho v lc vo dy 20cm. Hai u lung c th dng ct b tng hay ct st cng dy cp, mi lung cn 3 hng dy cp nh trn thanh ngang nh v cho cy lan. C th iu chnh cao ca dy cp theo s pht trin ca lan. - Nu dng lan cy m th khi lan m t khong 4cm cn chuyn ra ngoi. Cy m ra sch trn ming li hay r k trn chu nc gi mt cho cy con. Giai on trng chung trn gin ly x da b xung quanh cy lan cy m, dng dy chun cun li ri t ln gin. Sau khi trng trn gin c 6 -7 thng th chuyn sang chu nh. Khong 6 thng th chuyn sang chu ln. Sau mi ln chuyn chu khong 1 tun mi c bn phn. Thay chu cn ty kch c ca cy, mc thi, mc ru bm * Lu : Lan trng trong chu lu ngy ra hoa t, cn d lan ra khi chu, ct bt cc r gi v qu di, chuyn sang chu mi, thay gi th mi, lan s sinh trng tt v ra hoa tr li.

5. Chm sc: Lan l cy trng d chm sc, nu chng ta m bo c cc iu kin thun li cho lan pht trin. Cc yu t quan trng nht cho lan l nh sng, nc ti, m, chu hay gi th v dinh dng. - nh sng: Lan khng chu nh sng mnh, cn lm gin li che bt nh sng, khi mi trng nn lm li che hai lp. nh sng khong 65 - 70% l tt nht. Sau khi trng xong ti nc lun (ti phun sng) v duy tr 2 ln/ngy. Sau trng 3 ngy ti vitamin B1, pha 1cc/lt kch thch ra r. Sau 7 ngy ti phn NPK 30 10 10, liu lng 5 10g pha vo bnh 8 lt phun. Khi cy ny chi mi, cy ra r nhiu ta tng lng phn bn. - Phn bn: Lan rt cn phn bn nhng khng chu c nng dinh dng cao, v vy bn phn cho lan phi thc hin thng xuyn v tt nht l bng cch phun qua l. Phn bn cho lan phi cha y cc cht dinh dng a, trung v vi lng vi thnh phn v t l ph hp vi tng thi k sinh trng v pht trin ca cy. Nguyn tc chung l lan trong thi k sinh trng thn l mnh cn m cao, ln v kali thp, trc khi ra hoa cn ln v kali cao, m thp trong khi lan n hoa cn kali cao, ln v m thp hn. Phn bn thch hp cho cc thi k ny l u Tru 501, 701 v 901, y l loi phn c y v cn i a, trung, vi lng v cc cht iu ha sinh trng. Nng v liu lng phun ty thuc tui v thi k pht trin. - Ti nc: Lan rt cn nc cho qu trnh sinh trng pht trin. Nu thiu nc cy s kh ho, gi hnh teo li, l rng nhng khng cht. Tha nc, cy d b thi t nht l vi cc ging lan c l ng mc st nhau. Qu nhiu nc r c rong ru v nm bnh pht trin mnh. Nc ti cho lan khng qu mn, phn v clor di ngng cho php, pH 5,6. Ch ti nc m, nn ti vo sng sm hay chiu mt, trnh ti bui tra khi tri ang nng nng. Sau nhng trn ma bt thng, nht l ma u ma cn ti li ngay ra bt cc cht cn ng li trn thn l. - Phng tr su bnh: Lan cng l cy d b su bnh, nht l trong iu kin chm sc km, iu kin mi trng khng thun li. Ty theo tng loi su bnh m dng cc loi thuc thch hp. Liu lng v nng phun cn theo ng hng dn trn bao b sn phm. Nu lan b cc loi su hi thn l c th dng cc thuc cha hot cht Fenitrothion, Trichlorfon nh Ofatox 400EC, hot cht Cartap nh Patox 95SP hay Captafon, Captan hoc Actara 25WG. Lan b rp sp, rp trng, ry mm dng Supracid 40ED/ND, Suprathion 40EC, Bitox 40EC hay Ofatox 400EC. Lan b nm, vi khun hay virus gy nn tnh trng chy l tng m, vt chy lan trn dn, bnh thi r dng Zinep, Starner 20 WP hay Benomyl. 6. Thu hoch v bo qun hoa: Hoa ct cnh ngm trong dung dch khong 15 pht gip hoa lu ho, sau bc li bng giy bo./.

Trung tm ng dng KH & CN Lo Cai

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