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1 HD: Ni nc qu v:
a) Mt s tc dng ca ngun nc: - Nc l nhu cu cn thit cho cuc sng hng ngy ca con ngi: nu thc n, ung, tm ra, git gi, ... C th ly v d lin tng n vic khng c nc trong i sng sinh hot hng ngy. - Nc dng chm sc cy trng v sn xut nng nghip. T chm sc cy trng to xi, iu ha kh hu, ... nc gn lin vi h thng ng thc vt. V d khng c nc cy ci x cht ..... => Nc rt quan trng trong i sng. - Nc dng trong sn xut cng nghip nh tham gia cc phn ng to cht mi, ty ra nguyn vt liu. - Nc c dng trong lao ng xn xut, xy dng. b) Nc khng v tn. Nc rt cn trong sinh hot, nu thiu con ngi s cht. l nhng ci anh thy qu gi ngun nc. Cch vit vn s ty thuc vo em. Hi vng l vi gi trn c th gip em lm c bi..
im ct li l nhiu ngi nhn thc c nhng vn th gii ang i mt song h cha hnh ng. C th xem vic hc tr vit th v tm quan trng ca nc gp phn cu c th gii, khng ch s ln ting t nhng nh chc trch m cn bt u t mi c nhn. Nc mang li iu g cho ta? Vic bo v ti nguyn nc cn c nhn thc t cp tiu hc. Vi phng chm , Cng ty TNHH mt thnh vin Cp thot nc Ph Yn cng Phng GD -T TP Tuy Ha cho hc sinh tiu hc thnh ph ny tham quan quy trnh khai thc, x l nc ti Nh my nc Tuy Ha. Ngy 22-10 va qua, hn 50 hc sinh lp 5 trng L Qu n n Nh my nc y ho hc thy tn mt, nghe tn ni quy trnh x l nc sch, nhn cc t ri vi nhng hnh nh vui nhn tuyn truyn v tm quan trng ca nc, nhc nh tit kim nc. V nh vi nc nh tng git trong mt ngy m, chng ta s mt 5 lt nc, nh hai git th mt n 14 lt nc v c th mt lng nc khng l b lng ph nu nhng ngi s dng vn vi nc khng k. D kin, gn 1.000 hc sinh lp 5 ca cc trng tiu hc trn a bn TP Tuy Ha c tham gia chng trnh tham quan ni trn nh mt hot ng th v b ch cho tng lai bo v nc sch bn vng. Cn ti Singapore, c mt ni c gi l Th gii Nc Hoang d - Trung tm NEWater. c iu hnh bi c quan qun l ngun nc quc gia Singapore, y ban C s H tng cng cng, chng trnh hng dn tham quan th v ti Trung tm NEWater thng qua video v khu trng by tng tc cao ti hin sinh ng cc h cha nc trn o quc ny. Ti phng iu khin, ta c iu khin hng triu lt nc v khm ph hnh trnh ca mt chu k nc. H Lan ang ni ln nh l i tc chin lc chnh ca ta do c h thng qun l nc tin tin m bo c k thut ln kinh t v c h thng sng ngi tng ng vi Vit Nam. Nhiu nm nay, sinh vin Vit Nam theo hc ngnh qun l nc ti H Lan khng ngng tng cao. Nc khng v tn Trn hnh tinh vn cn 900.000 ngi ang khao kht ngun nc sch v an ton s dng. 2,3 triu ngi khc ang rt kh khn trong sinh hot thng ngy, khi h khng c c v khng bit bao gi c ngun nc sch v an ton sinh tn. Mt thng k mi nht cho bit, ci thin iu kin v sinh nc sch, ci thin iu kin sng cho nhng cng ng ang thiu nc, phi cn n ngun kinh ph 1 t USD. Nc mang li iu g cho ta, nc khng v tn, l nhng iu gii tr cn c thm tha su sc. Vit Nam, vic qun l, bo v ngun nc, s dng tit kim, a mc tiu lun l mi quan tm ca Chnh ph. T cuc thi vit th gii thch ti sao nc li l ngun ti nguyn qu gi, di ngi bt hn nhin, thng minh, sng to v khng km phn su sc, hy vng mi bc th ca cc em s truyn i nhng thng ip hay nht, chn thc nht v bo v ngun nc chnh l bo v cuc sng, to nn mt ln sng truyn thng mnh m, hng ng thp nin hnh ng "Nc vi cuc sng 2005 2015.
Nc c vai tr v cng quan trng i vi con ngi cng nh bt c sinh vt no trn tri t. Nc l ngun ti nguyn v cng qu gi nhng khng phi l v tn.
Nc cn cho mi s sng v pht trin, nc va l mi trng va l u vo cho cc qu sinh sn xut nng nghip, cng nghip. Nc trong t nhin bao gm ton b cc i dng, bin vnh sng h, ao sui, nc ngm, hi nc m trong t v trong kh quyn. Trn tri t khong 94% l nc mn, 2-3% l nc ngt. Nc ngt chim mt t l rt nh v tn ti di dng lng trong tu nhien duoi dang nc mat ,nc ngam,bang tuyet. Nc l ngun ti nguyn qu gi Nc c vai tr to ln i vi cuc sng con ngi, vi cc ngnh nng lm ng Vai tr ca nc i vi con ngi Nc l ngun ti nguyn qu gi, nc rt cn thit cho hot ng sng ca con ngi cng nh cc sinh vt. Nc chim 74% trng lng tr s sinh, 55%-60% c th Nam trng thnh, 50% c th N trng thnh. Nc cn thit cho s tng trng v duy tr c th bi n lin quan nhiu qu trnh sinh hot quan trng. Mun tiu ha, hp th s dng tt lng thc, thc phm u cn c nc. Nhng nghin cu ca cc nh khoa hc trn th gii cho thy con ngi c th sng nhn n 5 tun nhng khng th nhn ung qu 5 ngy v nhn th khng qu 5 pht. C th ch cn mt hn 10% nc l nguy him n tnh mng v mt 20 -22% nc s dn n t vong. Vai tr ca nc i vi cc ngnh nng lm ng nghip Dn gian ta c cu: Nht nc, nh phn, tam cn, t ging, qua chng ta c th thy c vai tr ca nc trong nng nghip. Theo FAO, ti nc v phn bn l hai yu t quyt nh hng u lnhu cu thit yu, ng thi cn c vai tr iu tit cc ch nhit, nh sng, cht dinh dng, vi sinh vt, thong kh trong t, lm cho tc tng sn lng lng thc vt qua tc tng dn s th gii. Vai tr ca nc i vi cc ngnh cng nghip Trong sn xut cng nghip nc cng ng vai tr rt quan trng. Ngi ta c tnh rng 15% s dng nc trn ton th gii cng nghip nh: cc nh my in, s dng nc lm mt hoc nh mt ngun nng lng, qung v nh my lc du , s dng nc trong qu trnh ha hc, v cc nh my sn xut, s dng nc nh mt dung mi. Nguyn nhn ca tnh trng thiu nc Ngun nc s cng qu hn bi tnh trng khai thc v s dng khng hp l. Tnh trng thit nc v ang nh hng n nhiu cng ng, nhiu quc gia v gy thit hi v con ngi v kinh t. Tnh trng thit nc ny cng gy ra nhng xung t
gia cc khu vc, quc gia dn n mt an ninh khu vc v an ninh th gii. Vn xung t ngun nc hay mt an ninh ngun nc s c TVMT trnh by mt bi vit khc. Theo Lin Hip Quc th cc nguyn nhn bao gm: 1. Do ngun ti nguyn nc trn th gii phn b khng ng u. Chng hn, chu vi 60% dn s th gii nhng ch chim 30% tr lng nc trn ton cu.. 2. Do dn s th gii gia tng nhanh, nhng ngun nc li gim. 3. Do xu hng nng dn ri b nng thn v ngi dn ngy cng tp trung vo cc thnh ph ln. 4. S lng ph nc s tng cng vi mc sng ca ngi dn tng ln so s dng qu nhiu thit b gia dng. 5. Nc b tht thot nghim trng, ch 55% lng nc khai thc c s dng mt cch thc s, 45% cn li b tht thot, r r trong cc h thng phn phi hoc b bay hi trong ti tiu 6. Do tnh trng tri t nng ln m 90% nguyn nhn l do cc hot ng ca con ngi, trong ch yu l do s dng qu nhiu nhin liu ha thch. Nhng bin php khc phc tnh trng thiu nc Theo Lin Hip Quc 1. 2. 3. 4. Ci thin cc phng thc s dng nc, c bit l ti tiu. i mi v xy dng mi cc c cu sn xut v phn phi nc sch. Bo v cc ngun ti nguyn nc v chng nhim. Gii php kh mn nc bin (ch c tc ng hn ch).
thc hin cc bin php ni trn, th gii s phi u t 180 t USD/nm so vi 75 t USD/nm hin nay trong vng 25 nm ti. i vi Vit Nam, ti nguyn nc n cha nhiu yu t khng bn vng. Cc kt qu nghin cu gn y Vit Nam d bo, tng lng nc mt ca nc ta vo nm 2025 ch bng khong 96%. n nm 2070 xung cn khong 90% v nm 2100 ch cn khong 86% so vi hin nay. Lng nc mt bnh qun u ngi nc ta hin nay t khong 3.840 m3/ngi/nm. Nu tnh tng lng ti nguyn nc sng ngi Vit Nam (k c nc t bn ngoi chy vo) th bnh qun t 10.240m3/ngi/nm. Vi tc pht trin dn s nh hin nay th n nm 2025 lng nc mt tnh bnh qun u ngi nc ta ch t khong 2.830 m3/ngi/nm. Tnh c lng nc t bn ngoi chy vo th bnh qun t 7.660 m3/ngi/nm. Theo ch tiu nh gi ca Hi Ti nguyn nc quc t (IWRA), quc gia no c lng nc bnh qun u ngi di 4.000 m3/ngi/nm l quc gia thiu nc. Nh vy, nu ch tnh ring lng ti nguyn nc mt sn sinh trn lnh th th thi im hin nay nc ta thuc s cc quc gia thiu nc v Vit Nam s gp phi rt nhiu thch thc v ti nguyn nc trong tng lai gn.
C th bn ang ngh rng ngun nc t nhin l ti nguyn v tn, nhng bn sai, nc sch l ngun ti nguyn thin nhin c hn, nu tnh trng khai thc v s dng khng hp l ngun ti nguyn nc th mt ngy khng xa Vit Nam s ri vo tnh trng thiu nc sch, c th thy hin nay vn s dng ngun nc ca chng ta cn nhiu lng ph, nc sch b tht thot nhiu do r r h thng dn nc, trong khi nc my c s dng ti cy, ra xe, gp phn gip bn c thay i thi quyen v cachs ngh, ti xin gii thiu cho bn c v kinh nghim v cch thc hin tit kim nc nc c, mt quc gia, giu c, vn minh nhng li ht sc tit kim trong vic khai thc s dng ti nguyn. Tit kim nc ra sao? Ti phi hc bi nhp gia ty tc u tin nh th ny: tm nc vi sen khng nn qu 4 pht, x nc bn cu bng nt tit kim, gn ming nt chn lavabo khi ra tay hoc ra rau ci Nhng tiu tit sinh hot ny thot u tng bun ci v c v xm phm quyn t do c nhn, nhng chng lu sau ti tht s thm rng chuyn tit kim nc ht sc ph bin c t lu v l c mt chin dch tch cc c chnh ph y mnh ln ngi dn thc thi rt nghim tc. thi im ny, nc c ang tri qua t hn hn nng n nht t 100 nm qua! T gia nm 2007, vng ng namQueenslandb hn hn cha tng c trong lch s, mc nc trong cc p h thp ti mc trm trng. Sydney, lng ma t i gy khan him nc v cc nh khoa hc on chc tnh trng ny s cn ko di hng thp k ti. Trong khi , c dn thnh ph ln nht c ny s tng thm 1 triu ngi trong vng 25 nm ti (theo The Daily Telegraph, 19 -9). Ngun nc gim m ngi s dng li tng nn lng nc thiu ht l l ng nhin. Th l dn c rm r tit kim nc! ng ni l cc chin dch v bo v mi trng, tit kim nng lng, ngun nc c c tuyn truyn gn st sn vi li ch ca ngi dn, v a ra nhng gii php thc t c th ch khng ni sung hay h ho khu hiu chung chung. ng ch nh Gregory a ti xem l th ca Cng ty cp nc Sydney Water gi n tng h gia nh Sydney t u thng 8-2007 loan bo v dch v WaterFixed sn sng cung cp v gn vi hoa sen loi tit kim nc, bn cu c nt tit kim nc, sa cha cc ch r r nc vi ph tn gn nh min ph. Thm ch ai ng k WaterFixed cn c bc thm trng thng my git tiu chun 4 sao hoc 5A (my git tit kim nc). L th ghi r: WaterFixed ch l mt trong rt nhiu cch m bn c th gip gn gi ngun nc cho cuc sng. Nhng cch khc l g? Ty vo thi im khan him nc m c c nhng mc hn ch, tit kim nc yu cu dn chng thc thi, nh t ngy 1-10 va qua Sydney v cc vng ph cn s p dng ch tit kim nc mc 3 (trc vng ng nam Queensland p dng ch tit kim nc n mc 5 mc rt cao). Mc tit kim nc c cc qui nh nh chia s nh chn, l v chia thi gian c nh trong ngy ti cy, bm nc; khng c dng nc my ra xe; gia nh no dng hn 800 lt nc/ngy phi np giy thm nh nc dng vo cc sinh hot g c quan cp nc kim tra v tm cch gip h tit kim nc. Chnh quyn lun khuyn khch ngi dn dng t hn mc
qui nh (v d mc hn ch 5, mi ngi ch c s dng 140 lt nc/ngy), s dng vi tm c nhng l nh, dng nc ma hoc nc qua s dng ti cy iu th v l mt mt qui nh hn ch nc kh chi li, mt khc y ban qun tr nc cc bang ca c li xc tin chng trnh bi hon chi ph phn ln m dn chng dng cho vic mua sm trang thit b tit kim nc, bn tr nc ma, h thng dng nc ti sinh trong nh. Khng ch dn thng m c cng s chnh quyn cng phi lm gng tit kim nc. Nh tr s Quc hi c ln k hoch gim 1/3 lng nc dng mi ngy, thc hin nhiu bin php tit kim nc nh tt vi phun nc, thay i bng sen phng tm Cn ni hn na, c khng phi l quc gia duy nht ku gi tit kim v bo v ngun nc. Trung Quc, trnh nguy c thiu ht nc trm trng, c 100 d n tit kim nc thc nghim chn ra d n tt nht a vo p dng trn ton quc nhm ct gim mc nc tiu th trong vng ba nm ti. Chnh phMalaysiabuc mi ta nh c mi rng phi xy bn cha tr nc ma (s dng ra xe, v sinh bn cu v trng cy), cn ring nc my ch dnh cho vic n ung, tm ra. T chuyn tit kim nc x s kanguru phn vinh, cht thy VN mnh giu lm sao khi nh n nhng con s tht thot nc khng l ca Sawac