Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

Ngy son: ./ ./ Ngy dy: ./ ./ Tit 1

ON TAP AU NAM
I. MUC TIEU: 1. Kien thc: - Giup hoc sinh he thong lai kien thc hoa hoc c ban a c hoc cap THCS co lien qua trc tiep en chng trnh lp 10. - Phan biet cac khai niem c ban va trieu tng: Nguyen t, nguyen to, phan t, n chat, hp chat, nguyen chat va hon hp. 2. K nang: - Ren luyen ky nang lap cong thc, tnh theo cong thc va phng trnh phan, t khoi cua chat kh,. - Ren luyen ky nang chuyen oi gia khoi lng mol (M), khoi lng chat (m), so mol (n), the tch kh ktc (V) va so mol phan t chat (A). 3. Thai o: - Ren thai o lam viec khoa hoc, nghiem tuc, sang tao. - Xay dng thai o hoc tap tch cc, chu ong, hp tac, co ke hoach. II. CHUAN B : 1. Chuan b cua giao vien: - He thong cau hoi va bai tap gi y. 2. Chuan b cua hoc sinh: - On tap cac kien thc thong qua cac hoat ong. III . TIEN TRNH DAY HC: 1. On nh tnh hnh lp: (1 phut) 2. Kiem tra bai cu: (3 phut) GV: at cau hoi chung cho ca lp: Hay nhac lai cac kien thc hoa hoc a hoc? HS can tra li c o la : Cau tao nguyen t, cac loai phan ng hoa hoc, bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to, nguyen t, nguyen to, chat. 3. Giang bai mi:
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

Tien trnh bai day: Noi dung cua HS Hoat ong 1: Nhac lai cac khai niem: nguyen t, nguyen to, phan t, n chat, hp chat, nguyen chat va hon hp. 15 GV: lai to, chat, Yeu cac cau khai t, hp cac HS: thao I.CAC KHAI NIEM phat C BAN: hat vo cung nho TG Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong

nhom hoc sinh nhac luan Nguyen nguyen du. t, n chat,

niem: bieu, a ra v -Nguyen t la nhng trung hoa ve ien. -Nguyen to hoa hoc la tap hp nhng HS: Nhac lai nguyen t cung loai, khai co cung so p trong hat nhan. -n chat la nhng chat c tao nen t mot nguyen to hoa hoc. -Hp chat la nhng chat tao nen t 2 nguyen to hoa hoc yeu niem.

phan

nguyen chat va hon hp? Cho v du? chnh, sau o GV bo sung va hoan cac cau hoc sinh nhac lai. GV tom tat lai noi dung tren bang.

tr len. Hoat ong 2: Cac cong thc tnh so mol. II. MOL: Mol la lng chat co 10 GV yeu cau hoc sinh HS tra li. nhac lai khai niem mol la g? Khoi lng mol la g? GV lay v du vi Fe va H2 e HS hieu cu the. cha N(6.1023) nguyen t hoac phan t chat o. Khoi lng mol (M)la khoi lng tnh bang gam o. V du: 1mol Fe co cha 6.1023 nguyen t Fe. 1 mol H2 co cha 6.1023 cua 1mol chat

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

HS thao luan phan t H2. GV chia nhom HS va nhom HS thao luan cho biet tra li. co cac cong thc tnh so mol nao? GV bo sung va tom tat thanh s o. va Cac cong thc tnh yeu cau moi nhom trnh bay cau so mol:

m=n.M

n=V/22.4

n=m/M

V=n.22.4

n
n=A/N A=n.N

A
A:so phan t; n:so mol;V:the tch ktc; m: khoi lng. HS thao luan V du: Tnh so mol cua: tnh toan ket 5,6 gam Fe, 3,36 lt CO2 qua va tra kc. GV cung cap v du cho li. HS cac nhom tnh. nFe=5,6/56=0,1 mol. n(CO2)=3,36/22,4=0,15

mol. Hoat ong 3: Hoa tr, nh luat bao toan khoi lng: 5 III. HOA TR, NH GV Hoa Yeu tr cau cua cac HS tra li. mot LUAT BAO TOAN nhom hoc sinh neu nguyen to? nh luat bao toan khoi lng ? GV bo sung va hoan HS chnh. GV yeu cau HS nhac lai noi dung nh luat bao toan khoi lng. HS ghi neu KHOI LNG: Cach viet CTPT da vao hoa tr: Ab x By
a

ax = by

dung luat.

noi nh luat bao toan nh khoi lng: trong mot phan ng hoa hoc tong khoi lng

cac chat tham gia p bieu bang khoi lng cac thc tnh vao chat tao thanh. bang. A + B --> C + D th mA + m B = m C + m D

GV bieu dien p tong quat va yeu cau HS

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

cho biet bieu thc.

Hoat ong 4: Bai tap ap dung 5 GV cung cap noi HS suy ngh dung bai tap: hay va tra li. ien vao o trong cua bang sau cac so lieu thch hp. So So So Ngt 1 Ngt 2 Ngt 3 Ngt p 19 ? 19 17 n 20 18 21 20 e ? 17 ? ?

IV. BAI TAP: So p Ngt 19 1 Ngt 17 2 Ngt 19 3 Ngt 17 20 18 21 20 So n So e 19 17 19 17

4 b) Nguyen t 1 va 3 thuoc cung mot nguyen to hoa hoc v co cung so p la 19 (nguyen to ka li) Nguyen thuoc t cung 2 va mot

4 Trong 4 nguyen t tren, nhng cap nguyen t nao thuoc cung mot nguyen to hoa hoc? Sau o mi 2 HS len bang trnh bay. Hoat ong 5: Cung co
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

nguyen to hoa hoc v co cung so p la 17 (nguyen to Clo)

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

GV

cung lai

cap CT

bai HS nhac lai Mot hon hp kh A can he va tnh. CO2 va 2 mol CH4 . Giai: mA= m(O2)+m(CO2)+m(CH4) =0,8.32+0,2.44+2.16=66 ,4 (gam).

tap, yeu cau HS cac CT lien gom 0,8 mol O2; 0,2 mol nhac van dung e ap dung tnh.

4. Dan do :(2 phut) -Ve nha xem lai cac noi dung : t khoi hi cua chat kh, dung dch, s phan loai cac chat vo c. -Lam bai tap sau : : Mot hon hp kh A gom 0,8 mol O 2; 0,2 mol CO2 va 2 mol CH4 . a) Cho biet kh A nang hay nhe hn khong kh? Bao nhieu lan? b) Tnh % the tch va % khoi lng moi kh trong A?

Ngy son: ./ ./ Ngy dy: ./ ./ Tit 2

ON TAP AU NAM (tt)

I. MUC TIEU: 1. Kien thc: - Giup hoc sinh he thong lai kien thc hoa hoc c ban a c hoc cap THCS co lien qua trc tiep en chng trnh lp 10. - Cac khai niem c ban ve dung dch va s dung thanh thao cac cong thc tnh tan, nong o %, nong o mol, khoi lng rieng dung dch. 2. K nang: - Ren luyen ky nang lap cong thc, tnh theo cong thc va phng trnh phan t, t khoi cua chat kh,. - Ren luyen ky nang chuyen oi gia khoi lng mol (M), khoi lng chat (m), so mol (n), the tch kh ktc (V) va so mol phan t chat (A).
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

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- Ren luyen ky nang lap cong thc, tnh theo cong thc va phng trnh phan ma lp 8, 9 cac em a lam quen. 3. Thai o: - Ren thai o lam viec khoa hoc, nghiem tuc, sang tao. - Xay dng thai o hoc tap tch cc, chu ong, hp tac, co ke hoach. II. CHUAN B : 1.Chuan b cua giao vien: - He thong cau hoi va bai tap gi y. 2.Chuan b cua hoc sinh: - On tap cac kien thc ma GV a dan do trc. III. TIEN TRNH DAY HC: 1. On nh tnh hnh lp: (1 phut) 2. Kiem tra bai cu: 3. Giang bai mi: Tien trnh bai day: T G ca HS Hoat ong 1: T khoi cua chat kh. 10 GV: T moi quan he gia so mol n va the tch V trong s o a ra moi quan he gia cac gia tr V va n trong cung ieu kien HS: nhiet o, ap suat.
MA Phat bieu va d A = mA B mB = MB viet bieu

Hoat ong cua GV

Hoat ong

Noi dung I. B: VA=VB<=>nA=nB trong cung ieu kien T,P. T KHOI CUA

CHAT KH A SO VI

GV yeu cau HS nhac thc. lai nh ngha ve t khoi cua chat kh. GV yeu cau HS tra li khoi T A lng khoi so mol hi vi cua khong kh la bao nhieu? cua kh HS tra li.

Mkk=29 dA/kk = MA/29

khong kh c tnh nh
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

the nao? Hoat ong 2: On tap cac khai niem va cong thc ve dung dch 11 khai niem ve dung va bieu thc tnh. HS tra li. GV cho HS nhan xet anh hng cua nhiet o en o tan. viet cac II. DUNG DCH : 1. o tan: GV yeu cau HS nhac HS phat bieu .mdd = mct + mdm dch va o tan, viet bieu thc. .o tan S =
mt .100 (g) mdm

a so chat ran: S tang khi to tang. Vi chat kh: S tang khi t0 giam, p tang. Neu mt = S dd bao hoa. Neu mt < S dd cha bao hoa. Neu mt > S
dd

quabao hoa. 2. Nong o % va nong o mol: HS tra li va C% = mct .100 (%) mdd viet cac cong GV yeu cau HS nhac thc tnh. lai the nao la nong o mol, nong o %? Viet cac cong thc tnh. HS thao luan va GV cung cap them e trnh co bay bieu cach thay the cac cong thc tnh thc lien he. khoi lng rieng t o yeu cau cac nhom HS thay the e tm ra bieu thc lien he gia nong o mol va nong o %.
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

CM =

n . V

d = m/V => CM =
10.d .c % M

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

Hoat ong 3: Phan loai cac chat vo c: 6 III. PHAN LOAI CAC GV: Cac hp chat vo HS tra li. c c chia thanh bao nhieu loai? o la cac nhng loai nao? CHAT VO C : chia 4 loai: 1. Oxit: HS trao oi va - Oxit baz: CaO, FeO, chat CuO 2. Axit: HCl, H2SO4, 3. Baz: NaOH, KOH, 4. Muoi: KCl, Na2SO4, Hoat ong 4: Bai tap ap dung 12 GV cung cap noi dung HS oc e bai, IV. BAI TAP: bai tap cho HS van phan tch va Cho 500 ml dd AgNO3 1M = 1,2 g/ml) vao dung cac cong thc thao luan vi (d toan. cach giai.

GV Cho moi nhom HS ghi

ng vi moi loai lay vao bang tra - Oxit axit: CO2, SO2, v du 10 chat va ghi li cua nhom vao bang. mnh.

ve dung dch e tnh nhom e tm 300ml dd HCl 2M (d = 1,5g/ml). Tnh nong o phan tram va nong o mol/l cac chat tao thanh. Gia s chat ran chiem the tch khong ang ke. HS tra li. GV: nao Co xay phan ra? ng Chat HS tnh so mol. Giai: nHCl = 0,6 mol; nAgNO3 = 0,5 mol. Phng trnh p: AgNO3 + HCl --> AgCl + GV yeu cau HS tnh so mol cua AgNO3 va HCl. HNO3 0,5 0,5 HNO3 0,5 mol; HCl con GV hng dan tnh d 0,1 mol. V dd sau p = 0,5 + 0,3 = 0,8 lit Suy ra: CM (HCl) = 0,1/0,8 = 0,125M
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

nao con d?

0,5

0,5

toan ket qua.

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

CM (HNO3) = 0,5/0,8 = 0,625M m dd AgNO3 = 500. 1,2 = 600g m dd HCl 450g. m AgCl = 0,5.143,5 = 71,75g m dd sau p = 600 + 450 71,75 = 978,25 g C%(HNO3) = =3,22% C% (HCl)= = 0,37% Hoat ong 5: Cung co 3 GV cung cap bai HS nhac lai cac Co 4 chat ran: CaO, tap lai trac CT nghiem, CT lien he va HCl, van NaNO3, KCl. So yeu cau HS nhac tnh. can dung e ap dung tnh. 4. Dan do :(2 phut) - Ve nha xem trc bai mi. - Lam bai tap sau : Hoa tan 15,5 g Na2O vao nc thu c 0,5 lit dd A. a)Viet phng trnh phan ng va tnh CM cua dd A. b)Tnh the tch dd H2SO4 20% (d = 1,14 g/ml) can dung e trung hoa het dung dch A. c)Tnh CM cac chat trong dd sau phan ng. Ngy son: ./ ./ Ngy dy: ./ ./ Tit 3 chat phan ng vi H2O tao ra baz la: A.1 D.4 B.2 C.3
0,1.36,5 .100 978, 25 0,5.63 .100 978, 25

= 300. 1,5 =

Chng 1 : NGUYEN T
Bai 1: I. MUC TIEU:
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

THANH PHAN NGUYEN T

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

1.Kien thc: Bit c: - Nguyen t gom hat nhan mang ien tch dng va vo nguyen t mang ien tch am; kch thc, khoi lng cua nguyen t. -Hat nhan gom cac hat proton va notron. - K hiu, khi lng va ien tch ca electron, proton va ntron. 2. K nang: - So sanh khi lng ca electron vi proton va ntron. - So sanh kch thc ca ht nhan vi electron va vi nguyen t. 3. Thai o: - Yeu men cac mon khoa hoc. - Tinh than lam viec nghiem tuc, co y thc t giac hoc tap, t vn len. II. CHUAN B: 1. Chuan b cua giao vien: - Tranh anh ve mot so nha Bac hoc nghien cu, phat hien thanh phan cau tao nguyen t. - S o tom tat th nghiem tm ra tia am cc (H1.1 va 1.2 SGK) - Mo hnh th nghiem kham pha hat nhan nguyen t (H1.3 SGK) 2. Chuan b cua hoc sinh: - oc lai SGK lp 8, phan cau tao nguyen t. III. TIN TRNH DAY HOC: 1. On nh tnh hnh lp: (1 phut) 2. Kiem tra bai cu: 3. Giang bai mi: GV gii thieu ba mi: GV gii thieu s lc cac noi dung cua bai mi se tm hieu. Tien trnh bai day: TG Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong cua HS Noi dung

Hoat ong 1: Thanh phan cau tao cua nguyen t:

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

I.Thanh phan cau tao 10 GV: Yeu cau hoc HS: Thao luan cua nguyen t. sinh g? nhac t tao Nguyen lai: nhom va tra la li. t Nguyen 1. Electron: a. S tm ra electron: t - Tia am cc gom chum Nguyen c

t gom hat nhan hat electron mang ien dng va vo co khoi lng c goi b.Khoi lng, ien

nhng hat nao? mang ien tch tch am va moi hat eu K hieu cac hat. mang ien am. la electron. Nguyen t tao bi 3 loai hat tch. GV: Cho HS oc proton, SGK thao nhom ve s tm HS: nhan Ca ntron me = 9,1.10-31 kg. qe = -1,6.10-19 (C)= 1cu nhan luan va electron.

ra electron va hat Nghien

hnh ve 1.1, 1.2 SGK /trang 4 va thao luan theo nhom. ai dien nhom tra li, cac nhom khac nhan xet

va bo sung. Hoat ong 2: S tm ra hat nhan nguyen t. 9 2. S tm ra hat nhan: GV: S dung hnh HS: Thao luan 1.3 SGK mo ta nhom va nhan -Nguyen t co cau tao th nghiem, yeu xet tng hien rong. cau Ket hnh qua sinh tng . -Hat mang ien tch dng nhan xet. Hau het cac co kch thc nho so th hat eu vi nguyen t nam thang tam o la hat nhan vang nguyen t. to qua la

nghiem cho thay xuyen ieu g? chng

nguyen t co cau tao rong. Mot so t hat i

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

lech hng ban au bat hoac tr b lai

chng to tam nguyen t la hat nhan mang ien tch dng. HS: Thao luan nhom ket cau thanh rut ra ve tao luan

phan

nguyen t. Hoat ong 3: Cau tao cua hat nhan nguyen t. 10 3. Cau tao cua hat GV: yeu cau hoc HS: Thao luan nhan nguyen t: sinh oc SGK tm nhom ra cac thong tin ket hat nguyen t. nhan cau hat ve cau tao cua thanh tao rut ra + Cha proton (p) va ve ntron (n).
; mn

luan

phan + Khoi lng: mp cua =1,67.10-27kg 1u. nhan +ien tch:

nguyen t.

qp = + 1,6.10-19 (c) = 1+.

qn = 0 (hat trung hoa) Hoat ong 4: Kch thc va khoi lng nguyen t. 9 II. Kch thc va khoi GV: Yeu cau hoc HS: sinh nghien cu thao cau cua cau hoi: cac tao oc SGK, lng cua nguyen t. luan 1. Kch thc:

SGK va tra li nhom va rut dnt = 10-10 m =10-1nm =1A0 so ra nhan xet, so dhn=10-14 m =10-5 nm =10-4. ng 10-7 A0. 2.Khoi lng: 1u = 1/12 khoi lng cua mot HS tnh khoi nguyen t 12. ong v t Nguyen (A0) hat knh nguyen t, de=dp =10-17m =10-8nm = nen hat nhan, t? t va sanh ng knh sanh

nguyen nguyen

ng knh cua cua hat nhan?

GV gii thieu ve lng cua hat p cacbon

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

nguyen va n theo n v nay co khoi lng la 19,9265.10-27kg. 1u = 19,9265.10-27/12= 1,6605. 10-27kg . mp mn 1u.

t u. Tnh n v u va ket luan. u theo kg t o yeu cau HS tnh khoi lng cua cac hat p va n theo n v u.

Hoat ong 5: Cung co. 4 GV yeu cau HS HS: tnh khoi lng lng

khoi mc cua
27

19,9265.10-

/1,6605.10-27 = 12u.

cua nguyen t nguyen t theo mC = 1,67.10-27/1,66.10-27 Cacbon va kg tnh ra n v 1u. nguyen t Hiro u. theo n v u. 4. Dan do: (2 phut) -Ve nha hoc bai cu va xem trc bai hat nhan nguyen t, nguyen to hoa hoc, ong v. -Lam bai tap sau: 3,4,5 sgk/9

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

Ngy son: ./ ./ Ngy dy: ./ ./ Tit 4 Bai 2:

HAT NHAN NGUYEN T- NGUYEN TO HOA HOC ONG V (Tiet 1)

I.MUC TIEU: 1. Kien thc: Hieu c: - Nguyn t hoa hc bao gm nhng nguyen t co cung so n v ien tch hat nhan. - S hiu nguyn t Z bng s n v ien tch h t nhan va bng s electronco trong nguyen t. - K hiu nguyen t :
A Z

X , X la k hieu hoa h c ca nguyen t, s

khoi A la tng s ht proton va s ht ntron. -Khai niem ong v, nguyen t khoi va nguyen t khoi trung bnh cua mot nguyen to. 2. K nang: - Xac nh so electron, so proton, so ntron khi biet k hieu nguyen t va ngc lai. - Tnh nguyen t khoi trung bnh cua nguyen to co nhieu ong v. 3. Thai o: - Ren thai o lam viec khoa hoc, nghiem tuc, sang tao. - Xay dng thai o hoc tap tch cc, chu ong, hp tac, co ke hoach. II. CHUAN B : 1. Chuan b cua giao vien: - He thong cau hoi va bai tap gi y. - Giao an giang day, SGK. 2. Chuan b cua hoc sinh: - Hoc bai cu va oc trc bai mi. III . TIEN TRNH DAY HOC: 1. On nh tnh hnh lp: (1 phut) 2. Kiem tra bai cu: (4 phut)

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

GV: Cho biet thanh phan cau tao cua nguyen t va ac iem cua cac thanh phan o? HS can tra li c: gom co proton, ntron, electron. Va cac ac iem cua cac loai hat nay. 3. Giang bai mi: Tien trnh bai day: cua GV cua HS Hoat ong 1: Hat nhan nguyen t. 15 GV: Lien he HS: Ca nhan I.HAT vi phan kiem hoc hoc sinh rut ra ien tch la hat nhan tch sinh tch cua suy T: 1. ien tch hat nhan: hat Neu hat nhan nguyen t hat hat nhan la Z+ va so n v ien tch hat nhan la Z. V vay: so n v ien tch hat tra bai cu cho ngh tra li. TG Hoat ong Hoat ong Noi dung NHAN NGUYEN

ket luan ien nhan la ien co Z hat proton th ien tch ien tch proton. HS: Cho v du: Oxi co 8 proton nhan la 8
+

cua hat nao? Cho v du?

th ien tch hat nhan = so p = so e =Z va so n

v ien tch hat nhan la 8. 2 .So khoi: HS: Thao luan theo GV: Cho HS tm nho hieu cho SGK biet nhom So khoi cua hat nhan (A) va ai bang tong so prton(Z) va tong so ntron (N) Cong thc: A = Z + N

va dien tra li. so Cho v du.

kho la? Cong thc tnh? Cho v du? Hoat ong 2: Nguyen to hoa hoc. 18 II. tm va hieu neu SGK theo nh nho nhom va

NGUYEN

TO

HOA

GV: Cho hoc sinh HS: Thao luan HOC: 1. nh ngha: to hoa hoc la ai Nguyen

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

ngha g? Phan khai

nguyen dien tra li. Tat niem Z = ca 8+

nhng nguyen t co cung ien tch hat nhan nhng Nhng nguyen t co

to hoa hoc la HS: Cho v du: biet nguyen t co

cac khac so khoi. eu cung ien tch hat nhan giong nhau. nhom

nguyen t va thuoc nguyen to? to oxi.

nguyen eu co tnh chat hoa hoc

HS: Thao luan GV: Cho hoc sinh theo tm hieu t GV: he hieu t v du? Moi gia vi hieu SGK nho va ai 2. So hieu nguyen t: So n v ien tch hat

va cho biet so dien tra li. nguyen HS: Cho v du:

la g? Cho Oxi co so n nhan (Z) cua mot nguyen v ien tch hat to c goi la so hieu quan nhan la 8. nguyen t cua nguyen to t so hieu nguyen t =so n v ien tch hat nhan = so Vay so hieu o. Vay: cac cua oxi la 8. theo nho nhom va ai

nguyen nguyen

hat c ban?

HS: Thao luan so p = so e =Z

GV: Cho hoc sinh dien tra li. tm SGK HS: Cho v du: 23 3. K hieu nguyen t: 11 A va giai thch Na cho biet Na z X cac thong so co so khoi A X la k hieu nguyen to. trong k hieu? = 23, so hieu A la so khoi (A = Z + N) GV:T k hieu nguyen t = Z la so hieu nguyen t. nguyen t ta so n v ien biet c tch hat nhan = nhng thanh so p = so e = phan nao lien 11;ien tch lien quan en hat nhan la nguyen t? 11+ Hoat ong 3: Cung co. 5 GV phat phieu HS thao luan hoc tap cho HS va c ai cac nhom yeu dien trnh bay
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

hieu

N/t O

So p 8

So n 8

So e ?

A ?

Z ?

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

cau ai dien va bay bai lam.

so

sanh

nhom len trnh cac ket qua vi nhau.

Na Cl K S

11 ? ? ?

? ? 20 17

? ? 19 ?

23 ? 35 17 ? ? 33 ?

4. Dan do :(2 phut) - Ve nha hoc bai cu, oc trc phan ong v va nguyen t khoi. - Ve nha lam bai tap1 en 6 sgk / trang 13 va 14.

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

Ngy son: ./ ./ Ngy dy: ./ ./ Tit 5 Bai 2:

HAT NHAN NGUYEN T - NGUYEN TO HOA HOC ONG V (Tiet 2)

I.MUC TIEU: 1. Kien thc: Hieu c: - Nguyen to hoa hoc bao gom nhng nguyen t co cung ien tch hat nhan. - S hiu nguyen t Z bng s n v in tch ht nhan va bng s electron co trong nguyen t. - K hiu nguyen t :
A Z

X , X l k hiu hoa hc ca nguyen t, s

khi A la tng s ht proton va s ht ntron. - Khai niem ong v, nguyen t khoi va nguyen t khoi trung bnh. 2. K nang: - Xac nh so electron, so proton, so ntron khi biet k hieu nguyen t va ngc lai. - Tnh nguyen t khoi trung bnh cua nguyen to co nhieu ong v. 3.Thai o: - Ren thai o hoc tap co khoa hoc. - Xay dng thai o ung an, co tinh than trach nhiem. II. CHUAN B : 1. Chuan b cua giao vien: - Tranh ve cac ong v cua hiro, phieu hoc tap.. - Giao an giang day, SGK. 2. Chuan b cua hoc sinh: - Thuoc bai cu, oc trc bai mi nha va xem lai bai nguyen t khoi lp 8.. III . TIEN TRNH DAY HOC: 1. On nh tnh hnh lp: (1 phut) 2. Kiem tra bai cu: (5 phut)

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

GV: Xac nh so proton, so ntron va ien tch hat nhan cua cac nguyen t sau:
1 1

2 1

3 1

35 17

Cl

37 17

Cl

So electron So ntron ien tch hat nhan (GV nhan xet anh gia iem so) 3. Giang bai mi: Tien trnh bai day: cua GV cua HS Hoat ong 1: ong v. 15 GV: vi kiem rut tra ra Lien phan theo bai nho TG Hoat ong Hoat ong Noi dung III. ong v: co cung so proton

he HS: Thao luan ong v la nhng nguyen nhom t va ai nhng khac so ntron, do o so khoi cua chung

cu cho hoc sinh dien tra li. ngha ong v?

nh HS: Cho v du khac nhau. khac 2 v du VD: Hiro co 3 ong v la:

1 1

GV: Lu y cho tren. hoc sinh ve 2 Oxi co 3 ong ong v ac v:

16 8

3 H, 2 1 H, 1 H

Clo co 2 ong v la:

35 17

biet cua hiro.

Cl,

O,

17 8

O,

18 8

37 17

Cl

Hoat ong 2: Nguyen t khoi va nguyen t khoi trung bnh. 18 GV: n v khoi HS: lng t nguyen luan la g? nhom IV. Nguyen t khoi va nguyen t khoi trung Thao bnh: theo 1. Nguyen t khoi: tng oi cua nho Nguyen t khoi la khoi nguyen t. khoi A = mP + mn

Nguyen t khoi va ai dien lng la g? Y ngha tra li. cua nguyen t n khoi. v

Nguyen t khoi cho biet nang gap bao nhieu lan

lng nguyen khoi lng nguyen t o t la u. 1u=1,66005.10

-

n v khoi lng nguyen

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

27

kg Thao theo nho

t.

HS: GV: Cho hoc sinh luan tm hieu cong nhom thc trung SGK so bnh va trong

tnh va ai dien trong - Nguyen t giai khoi trung

A=

2. Nguyen t khoi trung bnh:

A1.x + A2 . y + A3 .z + .... An .n 100

nguyen t khoi tra li:

thch cac thong bnh?

trong - Cong thc Trong o A1, A2, A3,.la so khoi cua cac ong v. cong thc ? tnh? x, y, z,.la thanh phan VD1: Nh sgk /tr 13. HS: Ap dung tram cua cac ong v. khoi
A = 35.75, 77 + 37.24, 23 =35,5 100

VD2: Nguyen to tnh

X co 2 ong v lng nguyen VD1: la X1 va X2 vi t khoi trung t le t so bnh cua clo. X1 Hat HS: co o dien t cua Thao 5 c sau ai trnh nguyen la t nguyen ntron 2. t Tnh

va X2 lan lt 27:23. X nhan nguyen luan

VD2: Xet 50 nguyen t X th co 27 nguyen t X 1 va 23 nguyen t X2. So khoi A1 = 35 + 44 =79 A2 =35 + 46=81 Ta co :
A= 79.27 + 81.23 = 79,92 50

35proton.Trong co 44 ntron. So X2 nhieu hn X1 la nguyen trung khoi

X1 bay bai lam.

bnh cua X. Hoat ong 3: Cung co. 5 GV phat phieu HS thao luan Clo co 2 ong v la hoc tap cho HS va cac nhom yeu dien cau ai dien bay va nhom len trnh sanh bay bai lam.
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

35

Cl va

ai trnh

37 23

Cl, Natri co 2 ong v la Na va

24

Na. So phan t thc cua

so NaCl la bao nhieu? Viet cac cac cong

ket qua vi chung.

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

nhau. 4. Dan do :(1 phut)

ap an: 4 phan t.

- Ve nha hoc bai cu, on lai kien thc 2 bai 1 va 2 tiet sau luyen tap. - Ve nha lam tiep bai tap 7 va 8 SGK tang 14.

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

Ngy son: ./ ./ Ngy dy: ./ ./ Tit 6 Bai 3 :

LUYEN TAP : THANH PHAN NGUYEN T

I. MUC TIEU : 1.Ve kien thc : Hoc sinh hieu va van dung cac kien thc : - Thanh phan cau tao nguyen t . - So khoi, nguyen t khoi, nguyen to hoa hoc , so hieu nguyen t , k hieu nguyen t , ong v, nguyen t khoi trung bnh. - Cac khai niem lien quan en hat nhan nguyen t: ien tch hat nhan, so khoi va cac nh ngha ve nguyen to hoa hoc, ong v. 2.Ve k nang : - Xac nh so e, p, n va nguyen t khoi khi biet k hieu nguyen t . - Xac nh nguyen t khoi trung bnh cua cac nguyen to hoa hoc . 3. Thai o: - Co tinh than lam viec tap the, theo nhom. - Co trach nhiem giup ban cung tien bo. II.CHUAN B: 1. Chuan b cua GV: - Giao an giang day, tai lieu. - Bai tap bo sung cho HS thao luan. 2. Chuan b cua HS: - Xem lai noi dung bai 1 va bai 2. III. TIEN TRNH DAY HOC: 1. On nh tnh hnh lp: (1 phut) 2. Kiem tra bai cu:(5 phut) Cau hoi: Neu nh ngh nguyen to hoa hoc? Viet cac cong thc tnh nguyen t khoi trung bnh cua cac nguyen to hoa hoc va giai thch cac ai lng trong cong thc. 3. Giang bai mi:

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

Tien trnh tiet day: Noi dung GV cua HS Hoat ong 1 : Tom tat l thuyet c ban. 10 A.L THUYET: GV: am thoai cho HS ien cac thong tin vao s o tom tac ? HS nh lai kien thc cu va tham khao SGK tra li.
nguye n t

TG

Hoat ong cua

Hoat ong

1.Thanh phan cau tao nguyen t :

Vo nguye n t go m ca c electron(e). me =0,00055u, qe =1-. mp =1u. hat nha n qp =1+. nguye n t Ntron mn =1u. qn =0. Proton
A Z

2.K hieu nguyen HS viet lai k GV: Yeu cau Hs nhac lai k hieu nguyen t . T o on tap cho Hs ve hat nhan nguyen t . hieu nguyen t va cho biet cac ai lng trong k hieu. t :
X .

-A = Z + N : So khoi. - so hieu nguyen t Z = so p = so e.

27 Al , Cho biet nguyen Vd : 13

t Al co : Z=E=13, N =14, Z+

27 u. Lu y : mnt Au.
=13+ , mAl - Vi 82 nguyen to au ( Z =1 82) luon co : 1 Hoat ong 2: Bai tap 1. 15 GV yeu cau HS theo doi noi dung bai tap 1 sgk trang 15. GV:Yeu cau HS HS: nhac lai khoi lng cua cac hat e, p va n.
N 1,5. Z

B.BAI TAP: Bai 1 :a. Hay tnh khoi lng(g) cua nguyen t Nit(gom 7e, 7p, 7n ). b. Tnh t so khoi lng cua electron trong nguyen t Nit so

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

nhac lai: khoi lng cua e, cua p va cua n theo cac n v kg va g. GV y cach lam bai tap 1: tnh khoi lng cua 7 e, 7p va 7n va chu y: khoi lng tnh ra n v la gam. GV Cho Hs khac nhan xet, roi cung co cho hS thay c khoi lng cua e rat nho so vi khoi lng nguyen t .V vay khoi lng nguyen t tap trung hau het hat nhan.

HS thao luan va trnh bay bai lam.

vi khoi lng cua toan nguyen t. Bai lam: -

m =7.1,6726.10-27 =
p

11,7082.10-27 kg. HS nhan xet va cho y kien cua mnh.

m =7.1,6748.10-27kg =
n

11,7236.10-27kg. - me = 7. 9,1094.10-31 = 0,0064.10-27kg. mNit = 23,4384.10-27kg.

m Nito

0,0064.10 27 = 23,4384.10 27

0,00027

mnh. Hoat ong 3: Bai tap 2. 08 GV yeu cau HS HS tra li va Bai 2 : Tnh nguyen t nhac lai cac cong viet cong thc tnh nguyen t khoi trung bnh. thc tnh. khoi trung bnh cua nguyen to K biet rang trong t nhien thanh phan phan tram cua cac ong v K la : 93,258%
40 19
39 19

K , 0,012%
41 19

K , 6,73%

Bai lam:
A=
_

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

39.93,258 + 40.0,012 + 41.6,73 100

= 39,135 Hoat ong 3: Cung co. 4 GV yeu cau HS oc va phan tch e bai 5 sgk trang 15. GV : hay cho biet ong II oxit co CTPT la g? GV can c vao so ong v cua Cu va O hay cho biet va viet CTPT cua cac ong II oxit. 4. Dan do: (2 phut) - Ve nha lam cac bai tap con lai va xem trc bai 4: cau tao vo nguyen t.. - Bai tap bo sung: Tong so p, e, n trong nguyen t mot nguyen to la 58. Tong so hat mang ien nhieu hn so hat khong mang ien la 18. Tnh so hat moi loai. HS thao luan va trnh bay bai lam. HS oc va phan tch e bai. HS tra li: CuO.
65 29

Bai 4 : Viet cong thc cac loai ong (II) oxit , biet rang ong va Oxi co cac ong v sau :
16 8

17 8

18 8

O;

63 29

Cu ,

Cu .

Bai lam: Co 6 CTPT:

63 63

Cu16O ,
64

63

Cu17O ,
64

Cu18O , Cu18O

Cu16O ,

Cu17O

64

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

Ngy son: ./ ./ Ngy dy: ./ ./ Tit 7 Bai 4:

CAU TAO VO NGUYEN

T (Tiet 1)
I. MUC TIEU: 1. Kien thc: Biet c: - Cac electron chuyen ong rat nhanh xung quanh hat nhan nguyen t khong theo nhng quy ao xac nh tao nen vo nguyen t. - Trong nguyen t, cac electron co mc nang lng gan bang nhau c xep vao mot lp (K, L, M, N.) - Mot lp electron bao gom mot hay nhieu phan lp. Cac electron trong moi phan lp co mc nang lng gan bang nhau. - So electron toi a trong mot phan lp, mot lp. 2. K nang: Xac nh c th t cac lp electron trong nguyen t , so phan lp (s, p, d, f) trong mot lp. 3. Thai o: - Yeu men cac mon khoa hoc. - Ham muon tm hieu, say me khoa hoc. II. CHUAN B: 1. Chuan b cua giao vien: - Tranh ve mau hanh tinh nguyen t cua Bo, Rzfo va obitan nguyen t hiro. - Giao an giang day, tai lieu, sach giao khoa, dung cu len lp. 2. Chuan b cua hoc sinh: Hoc thuoc bai cu, lam bai tap va nghien cu bai trc nha e thao luan. III. TIEN TRNH DAY HOC: 1. On nh tnh hnh lp: (1 phut) 2. Kiem tra bai cu:(5 phut)

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

GV: Nguyen t khoi trung bnh cua Cu la 63,54. Trong t nhien Cu co 2 ong v la
63 29

Cu va

65 29

Cu. Tnh t le % so nguyen t cua

moi ong v trong t nhien. 3. Giang bai mi: GV gii thieu bai mi: Thanh phan cua vo nguyen t la cac electron. Vay cac hat electron nay chuyen ong va co ac iem g noi bac, co anh hng g en hat nhan nguyen t hay khong? i vao tm hieu noi dung bai e giai thch cho ieu o. Tien trnh bai day: TG Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong cua HS Noi dung

Hoat ong 1: S chuyen ong cua electron trong nguyen t: 10 sgk va quan sat sgk tinh nguyen t nho va roi I. S chuyen electron ong trong

GV : Cho HS oc HS: Nghien cu cua s o mau hanh luan theo nhom

thao nguyen t. 1. Mo hnh hanh tinh ai nguyen t: chuyen hat ong nhan xung theo

Bo, Rzfo (H1.6) dien nhom tra Trong nguyen t, cac e e rut ra ket li. luan chuyen ve s Electron chuyen quanh quy ao

ong ong theo mot mot quy ao xac nh xac nh tron hay bau duc giong nh quy ao cua cac hanh tinh chuyen ong xung quanh mat tri. sgk va thao theo 2. Mo hnh hien ai ve s chuyen ong cua trong nguyen xung t, obitan nguyen t: a) s chuyen ong

cua electron. ton tai cua mo hnh c nay tnh la khong giai thch

GV: Phan tch s nh.

ben HS: Nghien cu

cua nguyen t. va am electron quan

GV Cho HS oc sgk luan sat nhom. may cua ong

Electron chuyen electron

nguyen t hiro quanh hat nhan cho biet ve s ao xac

va yeu cau HS khong theo quy cua e trong nguyen t: nh Trong nguyen t cac e

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

chuyen

ong nao.

chuyen

ong

xung

cua e theo mo hnh hien ai? GV at van e : mau v ma sao mang ien khong am b thuan

quanh hat nhan khong theo quy ao xac nh HS giai quyet nao. b) Cac electron chuyen ong trong mot khoang khong gian quanh hat nhan tao thanh vo nguyen t. Trong qua trnh chuyen ong, cac electron chu tac ong cua lc hut tnh nhan. ien cua hat

electron c at ra.

hut dnh vao hat nhan nguyen t mang ien dng? GV giai thch: tang lp sieu vi mo th cac nh luat cua khong tac ien dung tch con

ung. Hoat ong 2: Lp electron. 9 cu SGK sau o SGK va rut ra ra cac ket luan theo yeu cau. sau ay: S sap xep cac electron trang thai c ban hng hut va cua hat anh lc

II.

Lp

electron

va

GV cho HS nghien HS nghien cu phan lp electron: 1. Lp electron: electron phan bo t yeu cau HS rut cac ket luan Trong nguyen t cac mc nang lng thap en cao va sap thanh tng lp. Cac electron gan hat nhan b hut manh, cac tren cung mot b hut yeu nen de b co mc tach lng t. electron mot lp co mc nang electron c ghi ra khoi nguyen

nhan HS: cac electron electron xa hat nhan

vi cac electron. cu tiep

GV cho HS nghien lp cac nang

noi dung va cho gan bang nhau. Cac electron tren cung biet them: Lp Lp electron; cach ghi c ghi bang lng gan bang nhau. va ten goi cua cac so nguyen Lp
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

cac lpc electron 1, 2, 3, 4... vi bang cac so nguyen 1, trong nguyen t. ten goi tng 2, 3, 4... vi ten goi ng. tng ng K, L, M, N... Hoat ong 3: Cung co. 10 GV yeu cau HS HS tra li: so p So electron cua vo cho biet gia trong = so e = so n nguyen t bang so t v ien tch hat th t cua nguyen tr nhan hieu t. GV so nhan manh: electron = so to trong bang tuan Cac electron c nguyen hoan. xep thanh tng lp trong vo nguyen t. nguyen nhng

nao bang nhau?

lp vo nguyen t bang so th t to cua trong nguyen bang

tuan hoan, cac electron c xep thanh tng lp. 4. Dan do: (2 phut) -Ve nha hoc bai cu va xem trc phan con lai cua bai. -Lam bai tap sau: 1, 2 sgk/22.

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

Ngy son: ./ ./ Ngy dy: ./ ./ Tit 8 Bai 4 : I.MUC TIEU: 1.Ve kien thc : Biet c: - Cac electron chuyen ong rat nhanh xung quanh hat nhan nguyen t khong theo nhng quy ao xac nh tao nen vo nguyen t. - Trong nguyen t, cac electron co mc nang lng gan bang nhau c xep vao mot lp (K, L, M, N.) - Mot lp electron bao gom mot hay nhieu phan lp. Cac electron trong moi phan lp co mc nang lng gan bang nhau. - So electron toi a trong mot phan lp, mot lp. 2. K nang : Xac nh c th t cac lp electron trong nguyen t , so phan lp (s, p, d, f) trong mot lp. 3.Thai o: - Co thai o ung mc khi lam viec cung nhieu ngi. - Tinh than giup ban cung tien bo. - Co y ch vn len trong hoc tap. II.CHUAN B: 1. Chuan b cua GV: - Tranh ve mau hanh tinh nguyen t cua R pho va Bo. - Obitan nguyen t Hiro. 2. Chuan b cua HS: - oc trc bai mi, tham khao trc mo hnh nguyen t. III.TIEN TRNH DAY HOC: 1. On nh lp: 2. Kiem tra bai cu: (ket hp trong bai mi) 3. Giang bai mi: Tien trnh bai day: GV cua HS Hoat ong 1: Phan lp electron: TG Hoat ong cua Hoat ong Noi dung

CAU TAO VO NGUYEN T (tt)

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

10 GV: Vay trong mot electron co nang lng bang nhau c xep nh the nao ? GV: Yeu cau HS oc SGK cho biet k hieu cac phan lp ? So phan lp trong moi lp ? GV: Em hay cho biet lp va phan lp e khac nhau cho nao ? HS tra li: lp electron bao gom nhieu phan lp, lp rong hn phan lp. HS nghien cu SGK va tra li. Cac e co bang nhau c xep thanh mot phan lp. lp electron cac nang lng

2.Phan lp electron: Gom cac electron co nang lng bang nhau. Cac phan lp c k hieu bang cac ch cai s, p, d, f. Vd: Lp K(n=1) co 1 phan lp: 1s. Lp L(n=2) co 2 phan lp: 2s, 2p. Lp M(n=3) co 3 phan lp: 3s, 3p, 3d. Lp N(n=4) co 4 phan lp: 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f.

GV: Hng dan HS phan bo e vao cac phan lp. GV: Sap xep e cua N vao cac lp . T o yeu cau HS lam cac v du khac. GV: Ket luan: lp n co n phan lp hay lp th n co n phan lp. Hoat ong 2: So electron toi a cua moi lp, phan lp. Vay : Lp th n co n phan lp.

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

9 GV :Vay trong moi phan lp electron cha toi a bao nhieu electron ? . Yeu cau HS oc SGK cho biet so e toi a trong mot phan lp, hng dan HS cach k hieu e tren cac phan lp. GV: am thoai cho HS nhac lai so phan lp trong moi lp? So e toi a trong moi phan lp => So e toi a trong mot lp. HS: Lp K co toi a 2e, lp L co toi a 8e, lp M co toi a 18e HS nghien cu SGK va tra li.

II.SO ELECTRON TOI A TRONG LP: 1. so electron toi a trong mot phan lp: Phan lp : So e toi s p d f 2 6 10 14 a : K hieu : s2 p6 d10 f14 2. So electron toi a trong mot lp electron :Lp th n cha toi a 2n2 electron. So e STT lp (n) toi a (2n2 n=1(lp K) n=2(lp L) n=3(lp M) n=4( lp N) ) 2 8 18 32 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63d10 4s24p64d104f1
4

MOT

PHAN

LP VA TRONG MOT

s phan bo e Vao cac phan lp

Hoat ong 3: Cung co. 10 GV yeu cau HS cho HS

tra

li:

Moi lp co the co

biet trong nguyen phan lp la nhieu phan lp. t lp va phan n v nho hn lp co s khac lp. nhau nao? 4. Dan do: (2 phut) -Ve nha hoc bai cu va oc bai mi - Lam bai tap sau: 3, ,5, 6 sgk trang 22.

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

Ngy son: ./ ./ Ngy dy: ./ ./ Tit 9 Bai 5 :

CAU HNH ELECTRON CUA NGUYEN T

I.MUC TIEU: 1.Ve kien thc : Biet c: - Th t mc nang lng cua cac electron trong nguyen t. - S phan bo electron tren cac phan lp, lp va cau hnh electron nguyen t cua 20 nguyen to au tien trong BTH. - ac iem cua lp electron ngoai cung: lp ngoai cung co nhieu nhat la 8e (ns2 np6), lp ngoai cung cua nguyen t kh hiem co 8e ( rieng He co 2e). Hau het cac nguyen t kim loai co 1, 2, 3 electron lp ngoai cung. Hau het cac nguyen t phi kim co 5, 6, 7 electron lp ngoai cung. 2.Ve k nang : - Viet c cau hnh electron nguyen t cua mot so nguyen to hoa hoc. - Da vao cau hnh electron lp ngoai cung cua nguyen t suy ra tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua nguyen to tng ng. II.CHUAN B: Photocopy ra kho ln, treo bang e day hoc : - S o phan bo mc nang lng cua cac lp va cac phan lp. - Bang : Cau hnh electron nguyen t cua 20 nguyen to au. III.TIEN TRNH DAY HOC:

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

1. On nh lp: 2. Kiem tra bai cu: (Ket hp trong bai mi) 3. Giang bai mi: TG Hoat ong cua GV Hoat ong Noi dung cua HS Hoat ong 1 : Nang lng cua electron trong nguyen t. I.TH T MC GV: Yeu cau HS tac sap xep e trong nguyen t ? HS:Cac electron trang thai c ban lan lt chiem cac mc nang lng t thap en cao. HS: GV: o la noi dung cua nguyen l vng ben. GV treo hnh 1.10 , va s o nang lng (Hnh ben). T o cho HS a ra th t mc nang lng. Th t mc nang lng: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d. . . NANG LNG CUA ELECTRON TRONG NGUYEN T: 1.Nguyen l vng ben : Cac electron trong nguyen t trang thai c ban lan lt chiem cac mc nang lng t thap en cao. 2.Th t mc nang lng :
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 TT l p e(n) 7s 7p 7d 7f

nhac lai nguyen trong nguyen t

6s 6p 6d 6f 5s 5p 5d 3s 3p 3d 2s 1s Pha n m c na ng l ng 2p 5f 4s 4p 4d 4f

Th t mc GV: Treo bang cau hnh e cua 20 nguyen to, dien giang cho HS biet cau hnh
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

nang lng: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d. . .

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

e la g ?

Hoat ong 2 : II.CAU HNH GV: Cho HS oc phan quy c, cac bc viet cau hnh e. Sau o GV lay v du, phan tch cho HS cach viet cau hnh e. GV: Hng dan HS lam viet cau hnh e cua cac nguyen to co Z= 1, 11, 12, HS : Viet cau 18.
1 2 3

HS oc SGK va rut ra cac qui c e viet cau hnh electron.

ELECTRON TRONG CUA NGUYEN T: 1.Cau hnh electron nguyen t : La cach bieu dien s phan bo electron tren cac phan lp thuoc cac lp khac nhau. a.Quy c cach viet cau hnh electron (sgk). b.Cac bc viet cau hnh electron nguyen t : + Xac nh so e trong nguyen t . + Phan bo cac electron theo th t tang dan mc nang lng, roi sap xep theo th

hnh: H : 1s1 ;
2 2 1

He : 1s ; Li : 1s 2s . . . Na:1s 2s 2p 3s
2 2 6 1

11

GV: Hng dan HS cach viet cau hnh vi nto co Z = 21 tr len . Vd : Fe.

12 2 18

Mg:1s22s22p63s Ar:1s22s22p63s2 3p6 K:1s22s22p63s2 Fe:1s 2s 2p 3s

2 2 6 6 2 6 2

19

3p64s1
26

t : -Lp electron tang dan (n=1,2,3. . .) -Trong cung mot lp theo th t :s,p,d,f. Chu y: Vi cac nguyen to co Z =120 th cau hnh

3p 4s 3d (mc nang lng) GV: Cho HS viet cau hnh cua mot so nguyen to. Cau hnh electron:1s22s22 p63s23p63d64s2

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

trung vi mc nang lng. Vd : 1H : 1s1 ; 2He : 1s2 ; GV yeu cau HS oc SGK va cho biet nguyen to s, p, d, f? HS tra li: la nhng nguyen to co electron cuoi cung lan lt vao cac phan lp s, p, d.
56 2 12 18 19 3

Li : 1s22s1 ...
11

Na:1s22s22p63s1

Mg:1s22s22p63s2 Ar :1s22s22p63s23p6 K:

1s22s22p63s23p64s1 Fe:1s22s22p63s23p64s

3d6(mc nang

lng) GV yeu cau HS xem sgk cau hnh e cua 20 nguyen to au. HS oc SGK. Cau hnh lectron: 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 Hay Fe: [Ar]3d64s2 Nguyen nguyen ang to to ien s la ma vao

electron cuoi cung phan lp s. Tng t la cac nguyen to p, d, f. 2.Cau hnh electron nguyen t cua mot so nguyen to: (sgk) Hoat ong 3 : ac iem cua lp electron ngoai cung GV:Cho hs da vao HS:Cac electron 3.ac iem cua cau hnh electron cua Cl va Na, Cho biet electron thuoc nhan nhat ? xa hat nhan nhat ? electron
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

lp K lien ket chat che vi hat nhan

lp electron

electron lp

ngoai cung: Cac ngoai cung quyet nh tnh chat cua cac nguyen to.

lp nao gan hat nhat, . . .

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

nao lien ket vi hat nhan chat che nhat ? kem chat che nhat ? GV: am thoai cho hs thay c cac electron lp ngoai cung quyet nh tnh chat cua cac nguyen to. Yeu cau HS cho biet nguyen t nao la cua kim loai, cua phi kim, cua kh hiem. GV: Da vao bang cau hnh cua 20 nguyen to, cho HS nhan xet so lng electron lp ngoai cung. trong bang tren nguyen to nao la kim loai, phi kim, kh hiem ? HS tra li. HS oc SGK va cho biet loai nguyen t cua nguyen to da vao cau hnh electron. co ngoai chung khong .o cua to

- Nguyen t cac co nguyen a 8 lp toi

electron

ngoai cung. - Nguyen t 8 e lp cung(Tr hau tham la t nh gia cac kh

He) rat ben vng,

phan ng hoa hoc nguyen hiem. - Nguyen t co 1, 2, 3 e lp ngoai cung la cac nguyen t kim loai(Tr B,H, He). - Nguyen t co 5, 6, 7 e lp ngoai cung la cac nguyen t phi kim. - Nguyen t co 4 e lp ngoai cung co the la kim loai hoac phi kim.

4. Dan do: (2 phut) - Ve nha hoc bai cu va xem trc phan con lai cua bai. - Lam bai tap sau: 1, 2,3 sgk/27,28. Ngy son: ./ ./ Ngy dy: ./ ./ Tit 10

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

Bai 6 :

LUYN TP: CAU TAO VO NGUYEN T (Tiet 1)

I. MUC TIEU: 1. Kien thc: Cung co cho HS cac kien thc: - Thanh phan cau tao nguyen t. Nhng ac trng cua nguyen t. - S chuyen ong cua electron trong nguyen t. S phan bo electron tren cac phan lp theo th t lp. ac iem cua lp electron ngoai cung. 2. Ky nang: - Van dung kien thc ve thanh phan cau tao cua nguyen t, ac iem cua cac hat cau tao nen nguyen t e lam bai tap ve cau tao nguyen t. - Van dung cac nguyen l, quy tac e viet cau hnh electron nguyen t cua cac nguyen to. Da vao ac iem lp electron ngoai cung e phan loai cac nguyen to kim loai, phi kim, kh hiem. 3.Thai o: - Can than khi lam bai tap. - Lam viec theo nhom ket hp vi oc lap suy ngh. II. CHUAN B: 1. Chuan b cua GV: - Bai tap mau. - Bang phu. 2. Chuan b cua hoc sinh: - On bai trc nha theo hng dan cua giao vien. III. TIEN TRNH DAY HC: 1. On nh tnh hnh lp:(1 phut) 2. Kiem tra bai cu :(5phut). Cau 1: Neu ac iem cua electron lp ngoai cung. Cau 2:Viet cau hnh electron nguyen t cua cac nguyen to sau, cho biet nguyen t nao la kim loai, phi kim, kh hiem? A (Z = 11); B (Z = 17); C (Z = 18) (GV nhan xet bai giai va anh gia iem so) 3. Giang bai mi:
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

cua GV cua HS Hoat ong 1: Tom tat l thuyet 20 GV Hng dan hoc sinh on lai nhng theo sgk 33. GV dung bang phu cac ke trc kien trang thc trong tam

TG

Hoat ong

Hoat ong

Noi dung 1 K 2 1 1 s 2 2 L 8 2 2s 2p 8 3 M 18 3 4 N 32 4

STT lp Ten HS: Hoc sinh lp nghien cu sgk So e va tra li cac toi a cau hoi ve So thanh phan phan nguyen t co lp trong sgk trang 33 Kh phan A nhng phan thc c lp So e

3s3p 4s4p 3d 18 4d4f 32

cho HS len ien kien thong con thieu. vng:

tin ban can nam

Thanh toi a phan cau tao 1 cua nguyen t, Ch ns cau ngt. truc vo e ln c So e ln c Kim Lo ai NT loai tr H, He, B T/ c C B Tnh kim loai ns2 ns2n p1 1,2 hoa c 3

ns2n p2

ns2np3
,4,5

ns2n p6

5,6,7

Co the la KL, PK Co the la KL, PK Tr ve mat hoa hoc Kh hie m

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

Hoat ong 2: Phieu hoc tap so 1: 5 GV: Phat phieu Hoc sinh ien hoc tap cho hoc vao phieu hoc sinh ien vao tap ve khoi phieu hoc tap lng ien tch ve khoi lng cua cac hat e, ien tch cua p, n. cac hat e, p, n. Hoat ong 3: Phieu hoc tap so 2: 10 GV cho hoc sinh Hoc sinh ien ien vao phieu vao phieu hoc hoc tap cac so tap ve so hat lieu hieu t. 4. Dan do: (4 phut) thch hp electron, proton, ien tch lien quan en k ntron, so khoi nguyen va hat nhan.
23 11

Khoi lng ien tch

e ? ?

p ? ?

n ? ?

E Z N A H Na 37 17 Cl 39 19 K 81 35 Br
1 1

Z+

- Ve nha hoc bai cu va xem trc phan con lai cua bai. - Lam bai tap sau: Bai tap ve nha: 1. Tong so p , n , e trong nguyen t cua 1 nguyen to la 28 . Xac nh nguyen to o ? Viet ky hieu nguyen t cua nguyen to o ? Biet nguyen t o co 7 electron lp ngoai cung. 2. Cho 8,19g muoi NaX tac dung vi dd AgNO 3 d thu c 20,09g ket tua . a/ Xac nh nguyen t khoi cua X ? so b/ Nguyen to X co 2 ong v la X 1 va X2. Biet rang

phan t cua ong v X1 gap 3 lan so nguyen t cua ong v X2. Tong so hat co trong ong v X 1 t hn ong v X2 la 2 . Xac nh k hieu nguyen t cua moi ong v.

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

Ngy son: ./ ./ Ngy dy: ./ ./ Tit 11 Bai 6 :

LUYN TP: CAU TAO VO NGUYEN T (Tiet 2)

I. MUC TIEU: 1. Kien thc: Cung co cho HS cac kien thc: - Thanh phan cau tao nguyen t. Nhng ac trng cua nguyen t. - S chuyen ong cua electron trong nguyen t. S phan bo electron tren cac phan lp theo th t lp. ac iem cua lp electron ngoai cung. 2. Ky nang: - Van dung kien thc ve thanh phan cau tao cua nguyen t, ac iem cua cac hat cau tao nen nguyen t e lam bai tap ve cau tao nguyen t. - Van dung cac nguyen l, quy tac e viet cau hnh electron nguyen t cua cac nguyen to. Da vao ac iem lp electron ngoai cung e phan loai cac nguyen to kim loai, phi kim, kh hiem. 3. Thai o: - Can than khi lam bai tap. - Lam viec theo nhom ket hp vi oc lap suy ngh. II. CHUAN B: 1. Chuan b cua GV: - Bai tap mau. - Bang phu. 2. Chuan b cua hoc sinh: - On bai trc nha theo hng dan cua giao vien. III. TIEN TRNH DAY HC: 1. On nh tnh hnh lp:(1 phut) 2. Kiem tra bai cu : (Ket hp trong bai mi) 3. Giang bai mi:

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

TG

Hoat ong cua ong 1:

Hoat ong cua

Noi dung Phan lp s p d f

5 Hoat Hoa 10

GV HS Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Phieu hoc tap so 3: cu va phieu hp lp Hoat theo ien hoc lien Hoc sinh phieu ien hoc GV cho HS nghien vao

e So e toi a lp e So e toi a K L M N

nhom tap ve so e toi vao a cac phan tap lp s, p, d, f va quan cac lp K, L, M, N. electron

35 cac so lieu thch so e toi a en phan lp e, nguyen t? ong 2: Bai tap. Bai 1:Tong so p , n , e trong nguyen t cua 1 nguyen to la 28 . Xac nh o cua t nguyen ? Viet to HS oc va phan ky tch e lam trnh to 7 (1)
N 1,5 (2) Z

Bai 1:Tong so p , n , e trong nguyen t cua 1 nguyen to la 28 . Xac nh nguyen to o ? Viet ky hieu nguyen t cua nguyen to o ? Biet nguyen t o co 7 electron lp ngoai cung. Giai: Theo e ta co: 2Z + N = 28 Va ieu kien:
1 N 1,5 Z

hieu nguyen t t tng bc: nguyen o co o ? Biet nguyen ta co: 2Z + N = 28 electron lp ngoai Va ieu kien: cung. - GV goi HS len bang lam
1

Ket hp (1) va (2) ta

co: bai Ket hp (1) va (2) 8 Z 9,33 ta co: tap cho ve nha. Ta chon Z = 8 va 9
8 Z 9,33

Ta chon Z = 8 va 9 Ma nguyen to co 7e lp ngoai cung nen chon Z = 9. Suy ra - GV nhan xet va la nguyen to Flo. 19 bo sung. Cho K hieu: 9 F iem.
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Ma nguyen to co 7e lp ngoai cung nen chon Z = 9. Suy ra la nguyen to Flo. K hieu:

19 9

Bai 2: Cho 8,19g muoi NaX tac dung vi dd AgNO3 d thu c

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

4. Dan do: (4) - Ve nha lam bai tap 2 en 9 SGK trang 30. - Xem lai cac bai a hoc chuan b kiem tra 1 tiet.

Ngy son: ./ ./ Ngy dy: ./ ./ Tit 12 KIEM TRA 1 TIET (BAI SO 1) I..MUC TIEU: 1. Kien thc: - Cac noi dung cua chng nh: cau tao nguyen t, thanh phan nguyen t. - Cau hnh electron nguyen t. - anh gia ket qua hoc tap cua HS qua viec lam bai kiem tra. 2. K nang: - Ren luyen k nang lam bai oc lap, t chu. - Lam bai tap, nh lai l thuyet a hoc trong chng I. - Ren luyen k nang trnh bay bai lam khi kiem tra. 3. Thai o: - Ren luyen s kien tr, chu kho hoc tap. - Co y thc hoc tap ung an. - Co y thc vn len, t ren luyen ban than e lam chu kien thc. II. CHUAN B: 1. Chuan b cua giao vien:
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

e kiem tra, ap an, bieu iem. 2. Chuan b cua hoc sinh: - Chuan b bai cu cua chng. - Giay lam bai, giay nhap, but mc, may tnh... e lam bai. III. HOAT ONG CU THE: GV phat e kiem tra va giam sat viec lam bai cua HS. IV. MA TRAN E: T T 1 2 Kien thc Noi dung Thanh phan nguyen t. Hat nhan nguyen t Nguyen to hoa hoc 3 4 ong v. Cau tao vo nguyen t. Cau hnh electron cua nguyen t. Tong V. NOI DUNG E: 2,3 1 4 0,5 5 iem Kiem Tra 1 tiet Mon: Hoa Khoi 10CB I. Trac nghiem: (3 iem) Cau 1: Nhng nguyen t co cung ien tch hat nhan thuoc ve cung: A. mot nguyen to hoa hoc. C. mot hp chat hoa hoc. B. mot chat hoa hoc. D. mot ong v. TN TL 7a 2 8 0,5 9 1 6 0,5 7b 1 7c 0,5 2 iem 10 2,5 TN 1 0,5 8 1 5 0,5 2 8 1 3 TL Biet Hieu Van dung TN TL Ton g 2,5

3 iem

Cau 2: Th t cua 4 lp electron au tien c ghi bang cac so nguyen, dng n= 1, 2, 3, 4 va k hieu (bang cac ch cai) cua chung c xep theo th t tng ng la: A. M, N, O, P B. L, M, N, O C. K, L, M, N D. K, N, M, L Cau 3: Bon phan lp electron cua lp N c k hieu bang cac ch cai xep theo th t nang lng tang dan la: A. s, d, p, f sau cung la 2p4 :
GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

B. s, p, d, f

C. s, p, f, d

D. f, d, p, s

Cau 4: Cau hnh electron ay u cua nguyen t A co phan lp

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

A. 1s2 2s3 2p4

35 17

B. 1s2 2s2 2p4

C. 1s1 2s2 2p4

6 3

D. 1s2 2s1 2p4

Cau 5: Trong t nhien Liti co 2 ong v A. 2 nguyen t kim loai: A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 B. 1s2 2s2 B. 8 C. 6

7 Li , 3 Li ; Clo co 2 ong v

37 Cl ,17 Cl so loai cong thc phan t Liti clorua (LiCl) la:

D. 4

Cau 6: Cau hnh electron nao sau ay la cau hnh electron cua C. 1s1 D. 1s2 2s2 2p4

II. T luan: (7 iem) Cau 7: Nguyen t Y co tong cac loai hat la 36. So hat khong mang ien bang mot na hieu so gia tong so hat vi so hat mang ien am. (3,5 iem) a. Tm p, e, A. (2 iem) b. Viet cau hnh electron theo mc nang lng. ( 1 iem) c. Xac nh tnh chat c ban cua Y. (0,5 iem) Cau 8: Nguyen to X co 3 ong v: X1 (79%); X2 (11%); X3 (10%) va co nguyen t khoi trung bnh la 24,32. Hay xac nh so khoi cac ong v tren, biet X2 nhieu hn X1 2 ntron va X3 t hn X2 1 ntron.(2,5 iem) Cau 9: Hay ien vao o trong sau cho phu hp: (1 iem) Phan lp, Lp So e toi a VI. AP AN: I. Trac nghiem: ung moi cau at 0,5 iem. Cau hoi ap an II. T luan: Ca u Ta co: p + n + e = 36 Trong nguyen t :p = e 2p + n = 36 (1) 7a 7b Mat khac: n = T (1) va (2) p = 12, n= 12, A = 24 Z = p = 12 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
36 e ( 2) 2

Phan lp s .......

Phan lp f HET

Lp M .

Lp th n ..

1 A

2 C

3 B

4 B

5 D

6 B

Noi dung bai giai

ie m 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 1

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen

Trng THPT Ngo Quyen Ba V Hoa 10

7c

Y la kim loai 0,5 Goi A1, A2, A3 lan lt la so khoi cua cac ong v X1, X2, X3 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 un g moi o 0,5 Theo e bai ta co: A2 = A1 + 2 A3 = A 2 1 A 3 = A 1 + 1 Mat khac: A =

79 A1 + 11( A1 + 2) + 10( A1 + 1) 100

24,32 =

79 A1 + 11( A1 + 2) + 10( A1 + 1) 100

A1 = 24; A2 = 26; A3 = 25
9 Phan lp, Lp So e toi a Phan lp s 2 Phan lp f 14 18 Lp M Lp th n 2n2.

GV: Nguyen Th Xuyen