Liscad l sn phm ca cng ty Listech, chuyn phc v cng tc x l s liu phc v cng tc trc a v xy dng .

Phn mm c th to v chnh sa cc i tng, x l cc tr o, hin th m hnh s a hnh, hin th trc dc, trc ngang, tnh khi lng o p, thit k cng trnh dn dng, chuyn i d liu gia cc phn mm khc nhau. Phin bn hin ti l v9.0.3 Mt s module chnh: 1. Utilities y l module ny min ph trong tt c cc phin bn Liscad, bn c th cu hnh, t chc, qun l v bo co v d n ca bn. 2. Input & Output Bn c th xut, nhp d liu tt c cc nh dng ph bin ca my ton c in t, my chp d liu (Data Logger), GPS v cc phn mm thng dng khc bao gm AutoCAD DWG, DGN MicroStation v LandXML. 3. Computations (COGO): La chn h ta , mi chiu, to chnh sa cc i tng o. 4. Least Squares Adjustment Bnh sai 5. Coordinate Transformations Chuyn i h ta 6. Digital Terrain Modelling (DTM) M hnh s a hnh 7. Profiles & Design Thit k trc dc, trc ngang, phc v xy dng dn dng v ng b. 8. Earthworks Volumes Tnh khi lng o p 9. Background Images 10. 3D Visualisation 11. Resource Editor 12. CAD

1) TAO MI 1 FILE LAM VIEC TRONG MODUL S.E.E

Click vao file Click vao new

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at ten file

Chon phep chieu

2) NH DANG CHO HE THONG

Click Configure

Click Units

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Cai at n v cho he thong

Click vao Configure/ Coodinates

Chon truc toa o va o chnh xac

3) TAO MI BANG MA (CODE TABLE)

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Click Table/ code table/new

at ten cho bang ma

Click Point

Nhap vao code mi

at ten cho nhom oi tng anh dau chon mau, o cao, ng ong mc

Click Symbol 1

Click file

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Chon Standard

Chon bieu tng, click OK

Click Task

4) NHAP VA X LY D LIEU

Click Field Transfer

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4.1) Cai at cac thong so he thong

Click Settings/ Instrument Cai at cac thong so cho thiet b

Cai at dung sai thiet b Cai at bang ma

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4.2)Nhap d lieu o chi tiet (t may toan ac ien t)

Click Input/ DataRecorder

Chon th muc lu tr va at ten file

Chon loai may o, neu cha co th click vao muc Install

Chon loai may o, click vao add, sau o click vao close

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Sau khi click vao nut OK trong hop thoai Data recorder Input, mot hop thoa i nh tren xuat hien, ngi s dung phai ket noi may o vao may tnh. Chon che o download d lieu trong may o e d lieu truyen qua may tnh, khi o phan mem se t ong nhan d lieu o va lu nh dang file.raw

4.3) Nhap d lieu o chi tiet (t so lieu o may kinh v)

Click Input/ Manual entry/ Stadia

Chon th muc lu tr, at ten file, sau o click vao nut save, hop thoai Stadia xuat hien nh hnh di.

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T hop thoai stadia, click vao nut NewStation e cai at ten tram may, Chieu cao may, ten iem nh hng, goc nh hng va goc bang khi ngam chuan. Neu tram ng may khong ngam chuan th chon option No Orientation.

Nhap lan lt cac tr o chi tiet vao cot pha phai cua hop thoai stadia, bao gom: goc bang, goc thien nh, ch tren, ch gia, ch di, code, mo ta. Lu y: n v chieu dai nhap theo met (m), goc nhap theo dang o.phutgiay, phan phut va giay ghi ay u hai ch so, vd: 225 058 th nhap la: 225.0508, sau khi nhap xong so lieu cua mot iem o chi tiet, click nut OK e nhap tiep cho tr o tiep theo.

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e xem lai file so lieu nhap trong stadia, click vao menu Resolve/ EditFieldfile, chon ten file, file d lieu khi nhap bang tay trong Stadia c nh dang field file (*.fld), LiscadPlus dung NotePad hoac WordPad e hien th file.

Trong file .fld tren, cot au tien ch so th t dong, cot th 2 ch ma nhan dang trong he thong phan mem Liscad, Tuy tng loai d lieu o, Liscad se cap ma nhan dang khac nhau. T dong 1 en dong 7 la nhng thong so c phan mem lay t phan cai at he thong. Dong so 8 the hien tram at may, trong o: 102 la ma cua tram at may co ngam hng chuan,

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A ten tram at may; 1.500 chieu cao may; 1.420 chieu cao gng (trong trng hp o mia, liscad se lay so oc ch gia tren mia iem o au tien a vao cot chieu cao gng; B ten iem nh hng; 0.00000 la goc bang luc ngam chuan.

Cac dong 9, 11, 13 la dong the hien so lieu o cua cac iem chi tiet; v du dong 9: 113 ma nhan dang cua iem o chi tiet nh dang o bang mia vi cac ai lng o la goc bang, goc ng va 3 ch tren mia; 1 ten iem o chi tiet; 216.30200 goc bang; 89.20160 goc ng; 1.520, 1.420, 1.320 tng ng so oc ch tren, ch gia, ch di; 0001 code dung e phan lp theo bang code do ngi s dung t tao ra. Dong 10: the hien noi dung mo ta cho iem o so 1 dong 9.

4.4) Tao field file (*.fld) t raw file (*.raw)

e xuat d lieu o len man hnh, S.E.E can mot field file (*.fld).oi vi trng hp nhap d lieu bang tay trong Stadia th trng hp nay a nhap d lieu trc tiep trong field file nen khong tao field file na, oi vi cac may toan ac ien t khi xuat d lieu vao phan mem dang raw file nen can c chuyen sang field file.

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Click Resolve/ Editraw file, chon file *.raw e xem nh dang cua file so lieu tho (raw file)

e tao field file t raw file, click Resolve/ Create field file, chon th muc cha raw file, click OK

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Click Resolve/ EdieField file, chon file *.fld, hien th nh bang di.

Trong bang d lieu cua file *.fld tren c tao ra t chc nang Create field file, trong o ton tai nhng dong loi Reformatting error(oi vi d lieu o cua may Leica, ieu nay co the khong xay ra oi vi may o cua hang Topcon hoac mot so may cua cac hang khac), di moi dong loi se la dong ; va dong co cum t Not set hoac ten cua tram at may, ay la dong cai at cac thong so tai tram at may nh: ma nhan dang [101 (cot so 2) neu tram may khong ngam chuan, 102 neu tram may co ngam chuan]; ten tram dat may; chieu cao may; chieu cao gng; ten iem ngam chuan; goc nh hng khi ngam chuan. Cac dong loi Reformatting error phai c xoa i. Ngi s dung phai chnh sa file *.fld da vao cac so lieu trong so ghi chu cong trng e tao ra mot file *.fld hoan chnh nh hnh trang ke tiep.

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Trong file field hoan chnh nh tren, cac dong t 1 en 7 do phan mem t tao ra t cac so lieu cai at he thong. Dong 8 the hien cac thong so cua tram at may: 101 (cot 2) ma nhan dang cua tram may khong co ngam hng chuan; Q8_457 ten tram at may; 1.690 chieu cao may; 2.220 chieu cao gng. Lu y: neu tram may co ngam hng chuan th dung ma nhan dang 102 (cot 2) nh dong 13, trong o BD01 ten tram may, 1.560 chieu cao may, 1.500 chieu cao gng, Q8_457 ten tram nh hng, 0.0000 goc nh hng khi ngam chuan. Cac dong t 17 en 25: moi dong the hien so lieu o cua mot iem chi tiet vi y ngha cac so lieu tng ng tren moi dong t cot 1 en cot 7 nh sau: so th t dong, ma nhan dang, ten iem o chi tiet, goc bang, goc thien nh, khoang cach ngang, ma dung e phan lp da tren bang code do ngi s dung tao ra. Dong 10001: the hien thay oi chieu cao gng cho cac iem o cac dong tiep theo trong mot tram may, 105 la ma thay oi chieu cao gng, 1.500 chieu cao gng mi.Lu y: trng hp thay oi chieu cao gng ch c s dung khi d lieu o chi tiet dang goc bang, goc thien nh (goc ng), khoang cach ngang nh trong file field tren, neu khi o d lieu lu nh dang khac th viec thay oi chieu cao gng trong field file khong co y ngha. Lu y: t d lieu trong field file nh tren e co the xuat ra man hnh can phai co toa o cac iem ng may (iem khong che). S dung ma nhan dang 061 e nhap vao field file toa o va cao o cac iem khong che nh dong 10070 (xem bang di).

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4.5) Xuat d lieu ra man hnh

Click Resolve/ Reduce Field file, chon file *.fld, chon bang code, sau o click OK

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Sau khi xuat ra man hnh, thong thng S.E.E ch the hien ky hieu cua iem chi tiet, click vao display e hien th cac yeu to khac.

e the hien cac thong tin ve iem chi tiet va khong che tren man hnh, Click Display/ Feature, chon muc Point, anh dau vao o Identifer, Elevation e the hien so hieu iem va o cao.

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Man hnh the hien cac thanh phan so hieu, o cao cua cac iem o.

e xem tng lp cac oi tng, click Display/ Group, chon lp oi tng can the hien, click OK.

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Tren man hnh ch the hien lp khong che.

4.6) Cac cong cu thng s dung khi the hien d lieu len man hnh

Phong to man hnh

Phong to 1 vung tren man hnh

The hien toan bo d lieu Thu nho man hnh

Di chuyen man hnh

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5) CHC NANG COMPUTATION

Click Task/ Computation e chuyen sang chc nang tnh toan

e ve cac oi tng dang iem (point), ng (line), a giac (polygon), v.v. Click menu Create/ chon chc nang can ve. Trc khi thc hien chc nang ve trong menu Create, trc het can kiem tra cac thong so trong menu Method va menu Attribute.

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Menu method cho phep ngi s dung chon che o ve oi tng bang cac phng phap khac nhau: freehand (t chon v tr khi ve), Coordinate (chon theo toa o), Coordinate differences (chon theo so gia toa o, v.v.

Chon menu Attribute e cai at thuoc tnh cua cac oi tng.

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Click Attributes/ Point e cai at cac thuoc tnh cho oi tng iem.

Click Attributes/ line e cai at cac thuoc tnh cho oi tng ng.

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e chon 1 nhom oi tng hoac toan bo oi tng tren man hnh, s dung menu block. Block/ Freehand: chon 1 nhom oi tng bang cach click chuot bat ky tren man hnh e tao thanh 1 a giac bat ky. Block/ Polygon: chon cac oi tng nam trong 1 a giac hien hu. Block/ All: chon tat ca cac oi tng co tren man hnh.

Menu Edit cho phep xoa, hieu chnh thuoc tnh cac oi tng ng, iem, vung.

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Menu Examine cho phep xem thuoc tnh cua cac oi tng.

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6.) TAO MO HNH BE MAT A HNH VA VE NG ONG MC

Click Task/ Terrain Modelling

Click Modelling/ Validation e thc hien viec kiem tra cac loi co the co khi tao mo hnh: cac iem trung, cac ng cat chong cheo len nhau,..

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Neu qua trnh kiem tra thanh cong, chng trnh se xuat hien hop thoai thong bao Success,khi o tiep tuc thc hien qua trnh tao mo hnh.

Click Modelling/ FormModel e tao mo hnh mang tam giac.

Chon kch thc cho tng vung, phan mem se chia khu o thanh tng vung vi kch thc c chon e thc hien qua trnh noi suy va tao mang tam giac.

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Mo hnh be mat di dang mang tam giac khong ieu hoa c thanh lap, moi tam giac se ai dien cho be mat a hnh tai khu v o, do o nhng tam giac khong ai dien ung be mat a hnh nh thc a (khu vc khong co d lieu o) th can c xoa bo khoi mo hnh.

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Click Edit/ Delete Triangle, xoa cac tam giac trong mo hnh bang cach click chuot len tam giac can xoa.

Mo hnh mang tam giac hoan chnh.

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Thong thng, khi thc hien cac thao tac phong to, thu nho, di chuyen man hnh th mang tam giac khong con xuat hien tren man hnh, e mang tam giac hien dien tren man hnh, click Display/ Features, chon muc Model, anh dau vao o Triangles trong hop thoai Feature Display.

Nhap vao gia tr khoang cao eu

Chenh cao gia hai ng ong mc me = 5 lan khoang cao eu. Values the hien gia tr ng ong mc. Display along contour gia tr the hien doc theo ng ong mc. e xuat ng ong mc, trong muc Model cua hop thoai Feature Display, anh dau muc Contours.

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ng ong mc c xuat ra man hnh

7). NOI SUY IEM O CAO

e noi suy iem o cao t mo hnh, trc het can tao ra iem can noi suy, dung chc nang create/ point trong Task/Computation (xem muc 5).

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Cac iem 10001 10005 c tao t chc nang create/point.

Click Task/ Terrain Modelling. Click Elevation/ Interpolate xuat hien hop thoai Interpolate Elevation nh hnh di.

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Click chuot vao nhng v tr iem can noi suy o cao. Trong hop thoai Interpolate Elevation anh da6u chon vao o With Elevation.

Vao Display/ Feature anh dau vao o Elevation trong muc Point e hien th o cao cac iem tren man hnh.

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8.) TNH KHOI LNG AO, AP

e tnh khoi lng ao, ap, click Task/ volumes.

Click vao menu Volumes, xuat hien ba kieu tnh khoi lng ao ap.

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Nhap vao cao o can at c.

Click Compute

Kieu Base Plane: tnh khoi lng ao, ap so vi mot mat chuan vi o cao cho trc.

Kieu Progressive Base Plane: tnh khoi lng ao, ap so vi cao o chuan co chia thanh nhieu phan oan o cao.

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Kieu Surface to surface: tnh khoi lng ao ap gia be mat at hien hu va be mat thiet ke co o cao thiet ke cung mot dien tch khu o.

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Neu ch tnh khoi lng cho 1 vung trong khu o, dung che o block e ong khoi 1 khu vc can tnh toan, sau o thc hien tnh toan nh cac bc tren.

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9). VE MAT CAT

Click Task/ Profile and Design e chuyen sang chc nang ve mat cat.

e ve tuyen mat cat, trc tien vao chc nang ve Alignment trong Task/ Computation e ve ng i theo tuyen can ve mat cat.

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ng Alignment c tao ra.

Click Task/ Profile and Design, chon menu Attributes/ Section Markers e thay oi kch thc cua marker.

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Click Method/ by Range e thay oi khoang cach gia hai mat cat ngang ke nhau (interval)

Khi click vao nut OK trong hop thoai Create Section Marker by Range, v tr cua mat cat ngang se xuat hien tren ng Alignment phuc vu viec ve mat cat ngang neu can.

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Click Create/ Corridor of Interest e xac nh be rong cua mat cat ngang.

Click chuot len v tr au cua ng Alignment (distance = 0.000), nhap cac gia tr vao Offset 1 (be rong mat cat ngang t tim sang trai, dau -), Offset 2 (be rong mat cat ngang t tim sang phai), click add. Thc hien tng t cho cac v tr khac tren ng Alignment cho en iem cuoi cua Alignment.

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Click Apply, mot ng bao cua Alignment xuat hien nh tren man hnh.

9.1) VE MAT CAT DOC

Click Profile Long Section/ by Alignment e ve mat cat doc.

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Neu chon object, khi ve Alignment phai chon che o ve theo cac iem o hien hu, khi ve mat cat se dung cac iem o lam o cao mat cat ma khong noi suy t mo hnh.

at ten cho mat cat, sau o click Parameter e chon che o ve mat cat qua model hay objects, click OK, sau o click create trong hop thoai Long Section by Alignment.

Mat cat doc, vao chc nang Cad output e xuat mat cat sang phan mem Cad.

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9.2) VE MAT CAT NGANG

Click Profile/ Cross Section/ Create e ve mat cat ngang

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Click vao bieu tng e xem cac mat cat ngang khac.

Mat cat ngang

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10.) XUAT D LIEU SANG PHAN MEM CAD

Click Task/ Cad Output e xuat d lieu sang phan mem bien ve ban o.

Click Settings/ Cad system, chon phan mem Cad e xuat d lieu: Liscad Cad, Autocad hoac Microstation.

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Click Setting/ codes e tao lp cho cac oi tng iem.

T hop thoai Cad Parameter Setting, nhap vao code can xuat sang Cad, chon muc Point, anh dau chon nhng yeu to can xuat sang Cad cua oi tng dang iem (Point); v du can xuat cac yeu to Symbol (ky hieu iem), Identifer (so hieu iem), Elevation (o cao iem); sau o click chuot vao nut Set cua nhng yeu to can xuat sang Cad e at ten lp (Layer) cua cac yeu to.

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Click Set, at ten lp cho ky hieu iem.

Click Set, at ten lp cho so hieu iem.

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Click Set, at ten lp cho cao o iem.

Click Save e lu cac thong so a cai at.

oi vi nhng oi tng iem can xuat sang Cad bang toa o va o cao, click vao muc General, anh dau chon vao phan Coordinate.

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Click Setting/ Tables/ Coordinate, cai at cac thong so cho bang toa o.

Cai at kch thc cua mat li o vuong at khoang cach thc cua o li = 1dm x mau so ty le ban o.

Click Settings/ Grid, cai at cac thong so cho li o vuong.

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Click Settings/ Model, cai at cac thong so cho ng ong mc.

Chon he so lam trn ng ong mc

Click Output e xuat d lieu sang phan mem Cad.

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Click Option, chon cac thanh phan xuat sang cad cung iem o.

Click Ok, d lieu se c xuat sang Cad

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11.) BNH SAI LI KHONG CHE

Click Task/ Adjustment e chuyen sang chc nang bnh sai. Click menu Adjustment, xuat hien ca so nh hnh ben di.

oi vi toa o, o cao khong che goc, sau khi nhap toa o va o cao, click vao toa o, o cao sau o click vao bieu tng chiec cha khoa e xac nhan cac iem khong che goc, khi o gia tr toa o va o cao iem khong che goc co mau o.

Phan nhap toa o va o cao cac iem khong che cap cao (iem goc)

Phan nhap cac gia tr o goc, canh, chenh cao cua li khong che.

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B A
B SB1

1 A
1 S12

2 A
2 S2C

C
A C D

V du, cho mot ng chuyen khong che kinh v nh hnh ve, cac so lieu nh sau: A (x = 2000,000; y = 1000,000), B (x = 1950,558; y = 1193,792) C (x = 2001,050; y = 1787,584), D (x = 1950,717; y = 1943,943) B = 15602020; 1 = 19903240; 2 = 15300750; C = 21403040 SB1 = 207,300 m; S12 = 211,370 m; S2C = 189,130 m. Thc hien bnh sai vi Adjustment.

Nhap so lieu lan lt theo tng tuyen n, nhap goc ben trai tuyen oi vi tuyen h, nhap goc trai va hng theo chieu kim ong ho oi vi tuyen vong khep kn. oi vi trng hp nhap goc phng v hoac nhap tr o hng cho canh th ch nhap vao o At va o To roi nhap gia tr goc vao o Angular ch khong s dung o From, sau o chon vao o cha gia tr goc phng v hoac tr o hng roi click chuot vao bieu tng (goc nh hng), hoac bieu tng (tr o hng). Neu gia tr goc nh hng la gia tr khong che cap cao khong co sai so th chon goc nh hng va click chuot vao bieu tng . Trng hp bnh sai cao o th ch nhap vao o At va To sau o nhap chenh cao vao o Diff.Elev, khong dung en o From. Cac gia tr Angular SD, Dist. SD, Elev. SD la cac sai so o goc, canh, chenh cao theo Catalogue cua thiet b o.

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Click Horizontal/ Approx.Coords e thc hien qua trnh tnh toan toa o xap x cua cac iem trong li.

Click Horizontal/ Check e kiem tra cac so lieu tnh toan s bo.

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Click Horizontal/ Adjust e thc hien qua trnh bnh sai.

Bang toa o bnh sai. Qua trnh bnh sai li o cao thc hien tng t nh bnh sai mat bang nhng s dung menu Elevation.

END.

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