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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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CHNG I: NG THNG SONG SONG NG THNG VUNG GC

Bi 1
Bi 1 : Khoanh trn vo ch ci ng trc cu tr li ng nht : 1. Hai ng thng xy v xy ct nhau ti A, ta c: a) 1 i nh vi 2, 2i nh vi 3 b) 1 i nh vi 3 , 2 i nh vi 4 c 2 i nh vi 3 , 3 i nh vi 4 d) 4 i nh vi 1 , 1 i nh vi 2
1 A 4 2 3

2. Cu no sau y ng ? A. Hai gc i nh th bng nhau B. Hai gc khng i nh th khng bng nhau C. Hai gc bng nhau th i nh D.Hai gc khng bng nhau th khng i nh 3. Nu c hai ng thng: A. Vung gc vi nhau th ct nhau B. Ct nhau th vung gc vi nhau C. Ct nhau th to thnh 4 cp gc bng nhau D. Ct nhau th to thnh 2 cp gc i nh 4. ng thng xy l trung trc ca AB nu: A. xy AB B. xy AB ti A hoc ti B C. xy i qua trung im ca AB D. xy AB ti trung im ca AB 5. Nu c 2 ng thng: a. Vung gc vi nhau th ct nhau b. Ct nhau th vung gc vi nhau c. Ct nhau th to thnh 4 cp gc bng nhau d. Ct nhau th to thnh 4 cp gc i nh Bi 2: Hai ng thng MN v PQ ct nhau ti A to thnh gc MAP c s o bng 330 a) Tnh s o NAQ
b) Tnh s o MAQ c) Vit tn cc cp gc i nh d) Vit tn cc cp gc b nhau

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7
M A 33 N P Q

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Bi 3: Cho on thng AB di 24 mm. Hy v ng trung trc ca on thng y? Nu cch v? Bi 4: =Q = 300 Cho bit a//b v P 1 1
a 1 P 60

1 Q

60

a) Vit tn mt cp gc ng v khc v ni r s o cc gc b) Vit tn mt cp gc so le trong v ni r s o mi gc c) Vit tn mt cp gc trong cng pha v ni r s o mi gc d) Vit tn mt cp gc ngoi cng pha v ni r s o mi gc Bi 5: Cc khng nh sau ng hay sai: ng thng a//b nu: a) a, b ct ng thng d m trong cc gc to thnh c mt cp gc ng v bng nhau b) a, b ct ng thng d m trong cc gc to thnh c mt cp gc ngoi cng pha b nhau c) a, b ct ng thng d m trong cc gc to thnh c mt cp gc so le trong bng nhau d) Nu a b, b c th a c e) Nu a ct b, b li ct c th a ct c f) Nu a//b , b//c th a//c

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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Bi 2
Bi 1: Cho hnh v (hnh a) Hnh a
B 117 A 63 A l 2

Hnh b
m

C 85

B 3 85

a) ng thng a c song song vi ng thng b khng? V sao/ b) Tnh s o gc x? gii thch v sao tnh c Bi 2: Tnh cc gc A2 v B3 trong hnh v (hnh b) ? Gii thch? Nu cch tnh ? Bi 3: in vo ch () 1. Nu ng thng a v b cng vung gc vi ng thng c th . 2. Nu a//b m c b th 3. Nu a// b v b // c th 4. Nu t a ct 2 ng thng m v n to thnh mt cp gc so le trong bng nhau th 5. ng thng a l trung trc ca MN khi GV gi mt HS ln bng in, cc HS khc nhn xt Bi 4: ng hay sai Hai ng thng song song th:

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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B. Khng ct nhau C. Phn bit

A. Khng c im chung khng ct nhau

Bai 5: Cho biet hai ng thang aa va bb vuong goc vi nhau tai O. Hay ch ra cau sai trong cac cau sau: a) aa bb b) aOb = 900 c) aa va bb khong the cat nhau. d) aa la ng phan giac cua goc bet bOb. e) b'Oa' = 890 ap so: c) Bai 6: Hay chon cau ung trong cac cau sau: a) Hai ng thang cat nhau th vuong goc. b) Hai ng thang vuong goc th cat nhau. c) Hai ng thang vuong goc th trung nhau. d) Ba cau a, b, c eu sai. ap so: b)

Bi 3
Bai 1: Cho hai ng thang xx va yy vuong goc vi nhau tai O. Ve tia Om la phan giac cua xOy , va tia On la phan giac cua yOx' . Tnh so o goc mOn. ap so: so o goc mOn bang 900. Bai 2: Cho goc tOy = 900. Ve tia Oz n am ben trong goc tOy (tc Oz la tia nam gia hai tia Ot va Oy). Ben ngoai goc tOy, ve tia Ox sao cho goc xOt bang goc zOy. Tnh so o cua goc xOz. ap so: so o goc xOz bang 900. Bai 3: Cho xOy va yOt la hai goc ke bu. Ve tia Om la phan giac cua goc xOy, ve tia On la phan giac cua goc yOt. Tnh so o cua goc mOn. ap so: so o goc xOz bang 900. Bai 4: Tm cau sai trong cac cau sau: a) ng thang a song song vi ng thang b nen a va b khong co iem chung. b) Hai ng thang a va b khong co iem chung nen a song song vi b. c) Hai ng thang song song la hai ng thang khong cat nhau. d) Hai ng thang khong cat nhau va khong trung nhau th chung song song vi nhau. e) Hai ng thang song song la hai ng thang phan biet. ap an: Cac cau sai la: c); e) Bai 5:Chon cau ung nhat trong cac cau sau: a) Neu a b; a va b cung cat c ma trong cac goc tao thanh co mot cap goc so le trong bang nhau th a // b.

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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b) Neu a b; a va b cung cat c ma trong cac goc tao thanh co mot cap goc ong v bang nhau th a // b. c) Neu a b; a va b cung cat c ma trong cac goc tao thanh co mot cap goc trong cung pha bu nhau th a // b. d) Neu a b; a va b cung cat c ma trong cac goc tao thanh co mot cap goc ngoai cung pha bu nhau th a // b. e) Neu a b; a va b cung cat c ma trong cac goc tao thanh co mot cap goc so le ngoai bang nhau th a // b. f) Tat ca cac cau tren eu ung. ap an: Cau ung nhat la cau f): Bai 6: Chon cau ung trong cac cau sau: a) Hai oan thang khong co iem chung la hai oan thang song song. b) Hai oan thang song song la hai oan thang khong co iem chung. c) Hai oan thang song song la hai oan thang phan biet khong cat nhau. d) Hai oan thang song song la hai oan thang khong trung nhau va khong cat nhau. e) Hai oan thang song song la hai oan thang nam tren hai ng thang song song. f) Cac cau tren eu sai. ap an: Cau ung la cau e):

Bi 4
Bai 1: Quan sat cac hnh ve h4.1, h4.2, h4.3 va tra li cac ng thang nao song song vi nhau.
c
A 1 B 45 1 H4.1 3 3 135

t a
1 M 3 135

x y

b
1

N 3 46 H4.2

m
46 M

c
n p
37 A

46 H4.3

B 37 H4.4

a b

ap an: H4.1: a //b; H4.2: x // y;

H4.3: n // p;

H4.4: a//b

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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Bai 2: Cho hnh ve, trong o AOB = 700 , Ot la tia phan giac cua goc AOB. Hoi cac tia Ax, Ot va By co song song vi nhau khong? V sao?
x
35 1 2 A

t
145 B

=1800 Ot //By ap an: O1 =O2 = 350 Ax // Ot; O2 + B Bai 3: Cho goc xOy co so o bang 35 0. Tren tia Ox lay iem A, ke tia Az nam trong goc xOy va Az // Oy. Goi Ou, Av theo th t la cac tia phan giac cua cac goc xOy va xAz. a) Tnh so o goc OAz. b) Chng to Ou // Av. Hng dan: (theo e bai, hnh ve co dang: H4.6). a) xOy = 350 xAz = 350 OAx = 1450 b) xOu = xAv = 17,50 Ou // Av.
y u O H4.6 z

v x

Bi 4: Cho gc AOB khc gc bt. Gi OM l tia phn gic ca gc AOB. K cc tia OC, OD ln lt l tia i ca tia OA, OM Chng minh: COD = MOB Bi 5: Gi DI l tia phn gic ca gc MDN . Gi gc EDK l gc i nh ca IDM. Chng minh rng: EDK = IDN
E

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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Bi 5
Bi 1: Chng minh nh l: Hai tia phn gic ca hai gc k nhau to thnh mt gc vung
t' y

x' G

Bi 2 : Chng minh: Nu hai gc nhn xOy v xOy c Ox //Ox, Oy //Oy 'O ' y ' th xOy =x

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7
y

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O y' O'

x'

Bai 3: Tren ng thang xy theo th t lay ba iem A, B, C khong trung nhau. Tren na mat phang co b la xy dng cac tia Aa, Bb sao cho yAa = 200 va xBb = 1600 . Tren na mat phang co b la xy khong

cha tia Aa ta dng tia Cc sao cho yCc = 1600 . Chng to rang ba ng thang cha ba tia Aa, Bb, Cc oi mot song song vi nhau. Hng dan: (Theo e bai hnh ve co dang H4.7)
b C
160

a
160 20

B c

Hnh 4.7

BAa + ABb = 1800 Aa // Bb. xBb = yCc = 1600 (v tr so le ngoai) Bb // Cc


Aa // Cc. Vay ba ng thang cha ba tia Aa, Bb, Cc oi mot song song vi nhau. Bi 4: ien vao cho trong c mt nh l, v hnh minh ha , ghi GT , KL bng k hiu a) Hai goc oi nh la hai goc co b) Neu ng thang c cat hai ng thang a,b va co mot cap goc so le trong bang nhau hoac th c) Neu mot ng thang cat hai ng thang song song th d) Neu a b va b c th e) Neu a// c va b// c th

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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Bi 6
Bi 1: Cho hnh v sau

a// b

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7 GT KL = 1320 A1 = 380 ; B 1 AOB =? (x = ?)

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HD: Qua O ve c // a Ta co : c // a (cach dng) Va a// b (GT) c // b = Ma O A1 = 380 (1) 1 (Hai goc sole trong tao bi c // a ) +B = 1800 Va O 2 1 (Hai goc trong cung pha tao bi c // b) = 1800 B = 1800 1320 = 480 (2) O 2 1 T (1) va (2) suy ra +O =380 + 480= 860 AOB = O 1 2 Hay x = 860 Bi 2:Cho hnh v sau , bit a c ; b c ; 1 = 1150 . Tnh gc B1 ?

HD: V a c va b c nen a// b


1 1

= 1800 (gc trong cung pha tao bi a//b) Ta co : A1 + B 1 Nen B =1800- A = 1800 - 1150 = 650 B 1

Vay x = 650

= 600 ; D = 1100 . Tnh E ;G ;G ;D ;A ;B Bi 3:Cho hnh v d // d// d; C 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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HD:

=D = 1100 (ong v tao bi d// d) G 2 8 = 1800 1100 = 700 (ke bu) G = 1800 G
3 2

Bi 4: : Cho hnh ve sau :

Tren hnh tren cho biet a// b

= 600 . Tnh A = 400 ; B AOB

N TP CHNG I
Bi 1: nh du x vo ng hoc sai cho thch hp CAU a)ng thang xy la ung trung trc cua oan UNG SAI

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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thang AB neu xy vuong goc vi AB va i qua trung iem cua AB b)Hai goc chung nh va bang nhau th oi nh c) Qua iem M nam ngoai ng thang d co vo so ng thang song song vi d d) Hai ng thang cat nhau th vuong goc e)Neu hai ng thang a, b cat ung thang c ma trong cac goc tao thanh co mot cap goc trong cung pha bu nhau th a song song vi b Bi 2: ien vao cho trong Neu mot ng thang cat hai ng thang song song th : a) ........................................................................................................... b) ........................................................................................................... c) ........................................................................................................... Bi 3 : Cho AB = 4(cm) . Ve ng trung trc d cua oan thang AB . Neu cach ve Bi 4: Chn mt cu tr li ng nht trong cc cu a, b, c, d i nh vi O v O = 400 th: 1/ Nu O 1 3 1 0 = 350 = 400 = 450 a) O = 30 b) O c) O d) O
3 3 3 3

2/ Nu ng thng c ct hai ng thng a, b v a // b th: a) Hai gc so le trong bng nhau. b) Hai gc ng v bng nhau. c) Hai gc trong cng pha b nhau d) C a, b, c u ng. 3/ ng trung trc ca on thng AB l: a) ng i qua trung im ca on thng AB. b) ng vung gc vi on thng AB. c) ng vung gc vi on thng AB ti trung im ca on thng AB. d) C a, b, c u sai. 4/ S ng thng phn bit i qua im O v vung gc vi ng thng a cho trc l: a) 3 b) 2 c) 1 d) 0 5/ Nu a c v a// b th: a) b//c b) b c c) C a v b u ng. d) C a v b u sai. 6/ Theo tin -clit th: Qua mt im ngoi mt ng thng a) ch c mt ng ng thng song song vi ng thng . b) c nhiu ng thng phn bit cng song song vi ng thng . c) c ba ng ng thng phn bit cng song song vi ng thng . d) c hai ng ng thng phn bit cng song song vi ng thng . 7/ Nu a//c v b//c th: a) a b b) a// b c) C a v b u ng. d) C a v b u sai. Bi 5: cho hnh v sau . Bit a // b // c.
a b c C 1 B 1 A 1
75o

D 2 1 E
60o

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7 1/ S o ca B 1 a) 1050 2/ S o ca D 2 0 a) 60 3/ S o ca C 1 a) 600 4/ S o ca A 1 a) 750 5/ S o ca D 1 0 a) 105 l: b) 600 l: b) 750 l: b) 1150 l: b) 1050 l: b) 750

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c) 1150 c) 1050 c) 750 c) 1150 c) 1200

d) 750 d) 1200 d) 1050 d) 600 d) 600

= 400 , B = 500 ( ni r cch tnh ) Bi 7: Cho hnh v: Tm x bit a//b, A


a A
40o x?

b B

50o

= 350 , O = 950 , B = 1200 . Bi 8: Cho hnh v: Chng minh a//b. Bit A


a A
35o 95o

120o

CHNG II: TAM GIC


TM TT L THUYT +B +C = 1800 1. nh l tng ba gc trong tam gic : ABC C A 2. nh ngha hai tam gic bng nhau :

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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=A '; B = B'; C = C' ABC =ABC AB = AB; AC = AC; BC = BC; A


A A'

C B'

C'

3.cc trng hp bng nhau ca hai tam gic: a)Neu ABC va MNP co : AB = MN; AC = MP; BC = NP th ABC =MNP (c-cc).
A M

C N

=N ; BC = NP th ABC =MNP (c-gb) Neu ABC va MNP co : AB = MN; B c).


A M

C N

C N

=N th ABC =MNP (g-c-g). =M ; AB = MN ; B c) Neu ABC va MNP co : A

Bi 1
Bi 1 : in ng, sai

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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1. C th v c mt tam gic vi 3 gc nhn 2. C th v c mt tam gic c 2 cnh bng nhau 3. C th v c mt tam gic vi 2 gc vung 4. Tt c cc gc trong ca mt tam gic bng nhau Bi 2 : Cho ABC, A = 500, B = 70, tia phn gic gc C ct AB ti M. Tnh: AMC ; BMC Bai 3 :cho D EFX = D MNK nh hnh ve. Hay tm so o cac yeu to con lai cua hai tam giac
N F 55 2,2 E 3,3 4 M X K

Bi 4: Cho D DKE Co DK=KE=DE=5cm va D DKE = D BCO . Tnh tong chu vi hai tam giac o?
; B = 2C . C = 140 khng? V sao? Bi 5: C ABC m A = 2B Bai 6 : Cho ABC va ABC biet :AB = BC = AC = 3 cm ; AD = BD = 2cm (C va D nam khac pha oi vi AB) a) Ve ABC ; ABD D =CB D b) Chng minh : CA HD:
A D

ABC ; ABD AB = AC = BC = GT 3 cm AD = BD = 2 cm a) Ve hnh KL D =CB D b) CA b) Noi DC ta c ADC va BDC co : AD = BD (gt) ; CA = CB (gt) ; DC canh chung D =CB D (hai goc tng ng ADC = BDC (c.c.c) CA

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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Bi 2
Bai 1: Cho D ABC va D ABD biet: AB=BC=CA=3cm; AD=BD=2cm (Cva D nam khac phia oi vi AB). a/ Ve D ABC ; D ABD b/ chng minh rang CAD = CBD

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7
A D

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a/ GT

D ABC , D ABD AB=BC=CA=3cm AD=BD=2cm

KL

a/Ve Hnh b/ CAD = CBD

b/ Noi DC . Xt D ADC v D BDC co : AD = BD(gt) ; CA = CB(gt) ; DC canh chung D ADC = D BDC(c.c.c) (hai goc tng ng CAD = CBD Bi 2: Cho tam giac ABC co AB = AC. Goi M la trung iem cua BC. Chng minh rang AM vuong goc Vi BC . HD:
A

GT :

D ABC AB=AC M la trung iem BC KL: AM ^BC Chng minh : Xet D ABM va D ACM co AB = AC (gt) ; BM = MC(gt) ; Canh AM chung D ABM va D ACM (c.c.c). Suy ra (hai goc tng ng ) ma = 1800 (tnh chat AMB = AMC AMB = AMC hai goc ke bu)
0 AMB = 180 = 90 hay 2 0

AM ^BC.

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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Bai 3 : Cho tam giac ABC. Ve cung tron tam A ban knh BC, ve cung tron tam B ban knh BA, chung cat nhau D (D va B nam khac phia oi vi AC ). Chng minh rang AD// BC
A D

GT:

D ABC Cung tron (A;BC) cat cung tron(C;AB) tai D (D va B khac phia vi AC). KL: AD//BC CM: Xet D ADC va D CBA co AD = CB(gt) ; DC = AB(gt) ; AC canh chung D ADC va D CBA(c.c.c) (hai goc tng ng ) CAD = ACB AD//BC v co hai goc so le trong bang nhau . = 500 ; E = 750 . Tnh cac goc con lai Bi 4: :Cho D ABC= D DEF. Biet A cua tam giac . Bi 5: - Ve tam giac ABC biet AB= 4cm; BC = 3cm;AC = 5cm. -Ve tia phan giac goc A bang thc va compa.

Bi 3
Bi 1: Cho hnh ve, chng minh ADC = BCD

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7
A B

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Bi 2: Cho hnh v
E

GT: xAy B Ax;D Ay AB = AD E Bx;C Dy BE = DC KL: D ABC = D ADE; Giai : AD = AB(gt) AD = AB(gt) AC = AE DC = BE(gt) Xet D ABC Va D ADE co: chung ; AC = AE AB= AD(gt) ; A D ABC = D ADE (c.g.c) Bai 3: Cho D ABC:AB=AC, ve ve phia ngoai cua D ABC cac tam giac vuong ABK va tam giac vuong ACD co AB=AK,AC=AD. Chng minh: D ABK = D ACD.
K A D

GT : D ABC:AB= AC D ABK ( KBA =1 V ) ; AB = AK = 1V) ; AD = AC D ADC ( DAC

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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KL: D AKB = D ADC. CM: Ta c : AK = AB(gt) v AD = AC(gt) ma AB= AC(gt) suy ra : AK = AD (t/c bac cau) =900(gt); AK = AD (cmt) D AKB va D ADC co: AB = AC(gt); KAB = DAC D AKB = D ADC(c-g-c) Bai 4: Cho oan thang BC va ng trung trc d cua no, d giao vi BC tai M. Tren d lay hai iem K va E khac M. Noi EB,EC , KB,KC. Ch ra cac tam giac bang nhau tre n hnh ? a)Trng hp E nm gia K v M
K E

1
B

V ) canh EM chung ;BM=CM(gt) D BEM= D CEM (v M 1= M 2 = 1 D BKM = D CKM chng minh tng t (cgc) D BKE = D CKE(v BE = EC;BK = CK, canh KE chung) (trng hp c.c.c) b/ Trng hp M nam gia Kva E
K

M E

D BKM = D CKM(c.g.c) KB = KC D BEM= D CEM(c.g.c) EB = EC D BKE = D CKE(c.c.c) cat AB Bai4: Cho tam giac AOB co OA = OB . Tia phan giac cua O D. Chng minh :a/ DA = DB b/ OD ^AB

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7
O

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1 2
A B

Bi 4
Bi 1: (Bi 25. SGK/118) GT GHK V KIG GH = KI; HGK =IKG HK = IG KL HK // IG

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7
G H

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*Xt GHK V KIG c : GH = KI (GT) HGK = IKG (GT) GK cnh chung GHK = KIG (c.g.c) (1) HK = IG (cp cnh tng ng) *T (1) suy ra GHK = KIG (cp gc tng ng) M hai gc ny v tr so le trong HK // IG (du hiu nhn bit ) (pcm) Bai 2 : Cho ABC co 3 goc nhon. Ve ADvuong goc. AC = AB va D khac pha C oi vi AB, ve AEAC: AD = AC va E khac pha oi vi AC. CMR: a) DC = BE b) DC BE HD:

a) CM: DC=BE + BAC ta co DAC = DAB = 900 + BAC + CAE = BAC = BAC + 900 BAE => DAC = BAE Xet DAC va BAE co: AD = BA (gt) (c) ; AC = AE (gt) (c) ; DAC = AE (cm tren) (g) => DAC= BAE (c-g-c) => DC = BE (2 canh tng ng) b) CM: DCBE Goi H = DC I BE; I = BE I AC Ta co: ADC= ABC (cm tren) => ACD = AEB (2 goc tng ng) + ICH = HIC ma: DHI (2 goc bang tong 2 goc ben trong khong ke)

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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va = => DHI AIE + AEI ( HIC AIE ) Bai 3: Cho tam giac ABC co B = C.Tia phan giac goc B cat AC D, tia phan giac goc C cat AB E.So sanh o dai BD va CE.

Bi 4 : Cho hnh ve ben co :AB=CD;AD = BC;A1 = 850 a/ Chng minh V ABC = V CDA b/ Tnh so o goc C 1 c/ Chng minh AB// CD
A 2 1 B

Bi 5
Bai 1: Cho V ABC co goc A = 600. Cac tia phan giac cac goc B; C cat nhau I va AC; AB theo th t D; E . chng minh rang ID=IE

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7
A 60 D E 1 3 2 B 1 1 K 2 2 1 C 4

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=I , theo au bai V ABC: Ke phan giac IK cua goc BIC ta c I 1 2 0 + =1200 A = 60 C B =B =C Co B (gt), C (gt) 1 2 1 2 =C = 120 = 600 B 1 1 2 = 1200 BIC =I = 600 va I = 600 , I 1 2 3 =I =I =I I
3 1 2 4 0

= 600 I 4

khi o ta co V BEI = V BKI (g-c-g) IE = IK (canh tng ng ) Chng minh tng t V IDC= V IKC IK = ID IE = ID = IK Bai 2: Cho ABC = EFG. Viet cac canh bang nhau va cac goc bang nhau. Hay viet ang thc di mot vai dang khac. = 550;F $ = 750 ; AB = 4cm; BC = 5cm; EG = 7cm. Tnh cac goc Gia s A con lai va chu vi cua hai tam giac. Bai 3: Cho biet ABC = MNP = RST. a) Neu ABC vuong tai A th cac tam giac con lai co vuong khong? V sao? = 900;S $ = 600 . Tnh cac goc con lai cua ba tam b) Cho biet them A giac. c) Biet AB = 7cm; NP = 5cm; RT = 6cm. Tnh cac canh con lai cua ba tam giac va tnh tong chu vi cua ba tam giac. Bai 4: Cho biet AM la ng trung trc cua BC (M BC; A BC). Chng to rang ABM = ACM; MAB = MAC; AB = AC .

Bi 6
Bai 1: Cho ABC co AC = BC. Goi I la trung iem cua AB. Tren tia CI lay iem D sao cho D nam khac pha vi C so b la ng thang AB.

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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a) Chng minh rang ADC = BDC. b) Suy ra CD la ng trung trc cua AB. Bai 2: Cho oan thang AB. Ve ng tron tam A ban knh AB va ng tron tam B ban knh BA. Hai ng tron nay cat nhau tai hai iem M va N. a) Chng minh rang AMB = ANB. b) Chng minh rang MN la trung trc cua AB va t o suy ra cach ve ng trung trc cua mot oan thang cho trc. Bai 3: Cho hnh ve. Hay ch ra cac tam giac bang nhau moi hnh.
P A C E F N M B H G Q

Hnh 1

Hnh 2

Hnh 3 M

Bai 4: Cho goc xOy. Tren tia phan giac Ot cua goc xOy lay iem I (I O). Goi A, B lan lt la cac iem tren tia Ox va Oy sao cho OA = OB (O A; O B). a) Chng minh rang OIA = OIB. b) Chng minh rang tia Ot la ng trung trc cua AB. Bai 5: Cho hnh ve (hnh 4). Chng minh rang E la trung iem cua MN.
N E B

Bi 7
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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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khac goc bet. Lay A, B Ox sao cho OA< OB. Lay Bai 1: Cho xOy C, D Oy sao cho OC = OA, OD = OB. Goi E la giao iem cua AD va BC. Cmr: a) AD = BC b) EAB= ECD . c) OE la tia phan giac cua xOy HD:

G T

<1800 xOy

ABOx, CDOy OA<OB; OC =OA, OD = OB E = AD I BC KL a) AD = BC b) EAB= ECD c) OE la tia phan giac xOy a) CM: AD = BC Xet AOD va COB co: : goc chung (gt); OA = OC (gt) ; OD = OB (gt) => AOD= COB (c-g-c) => AD = CB (2 canh tng ng) b) CM: EAB= ECD + DAB =1800 (2 goc ke bu) Ta co: OAD + BCD =1800 (2 goc ke bu) OCB = OCB = BCD Ma: OAD ( AOD= COB) => DAB *Xet EAB va ECD co: AB = CD (AB = OB- OA; CD =OD - OC ma OA = OC; OB = OD) (cmt) ADB = DCB = ODA ( AOD= COB) OBC => CED= AEB (g-c-g) c) CM: DE la tia phan giac cua xOy Xet OCE va OAE co: OE: canh chung ; OC = OA (gt) ; EC = EA ( Do CED = AEB) => CED = AEB (c-c-c)

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

www.PNE.edu.vn

= => COE AOE (2 goc tng ng) Ma tia OE nam gia 2 tia Ox, Oy Tia OE la tia phan giac cua xOy Bai 2: Ban Mai ve tia phan giac cua goc xOy nh sau: anh dau tren hai canh cua goc bon oan thang bang nhau: OA = AB = OC = CD (A,BOx, C,DOy). AD I BD = K. . CM: OK la tia phan giac cua xOy Bai 3:

GT KL

xOy Xet OAD va OCB:

OA = AB = OC = CD CB I OD = K OK:phan giac

OA = OC ; OD = OB ; goc chung = => OAD = OCB (c-g-c) => ODK ABK = BAK ma CKD = goc AKB () => DCK => CDK = ABK (g-c-g) => CK =AK = => OCK = OAK(c-c-c) => COK AOK => OK: tia phan giac cua xOy

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

www.PNE.edu.vn

Bi 8
Bai 1 : Cho tam giac ABC biet AB<BC. Tren tia BA lay iem D sao cho BC=BD. Noi C vi D. Phan giac cua goc B cat canh AC, DC lan lt E va I. a/ Chng minh D BED= D BEC va IC = ID. b/ T A ve ng vuong goc AH vi DC (H thuoc DC). Chng minh AH//BI. = 700 , C = 300 , Tia phan giac cua Bai 2: Cho tam giac ABC co B goc A Cat BC tai D. He AH vnuong goc vi BC (H BC). a/ Tnh BAC b/ Tnh HDA c/ Tnh ADH
A 1 3 2

70 B H D

30 C

= 700 , C = 300 GT: V ABC: B Phan giac AD (D BC ) AH ^ BC (H BC) KL: a/ BAC =? b/ HDA =? c/ ADH =? Cm: = 700 , C = 300 (gt) a/ V ABC: B BAC =1800- (700+ 300) =1800-1000=800 BAC b/ Xet V ABH co = 900 (gt) = 1v hay H H 0 0 0 A1 = 90 - 70 = 20 (trong tam giac vuong hai goc nhon phu nhau) 800 = - 200 = 200 BAC A2 hay HDA = 200 = 2 A2 A1 2 = 200 = 900; A c/ V ADH co H 2 0 0 ADH = 90 -20 = 700

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

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(t/c goc ngoai cua tam hoac HDA = A3 + C Bai 3: Cho V ABC co : AB=AC, M la trung iem cua BC, tren tia oi cua tia MA lay iem D sao cho AM=MD a/ Chng minh V ABM =V DCM b/ chng minh AC // DC c/ Chng minh AC ^ BC d/ Tm ieu kien cua V ABC e ADC =300
A

1 M 2

GT: V ABC : AB=AC M BC :BM=CM D tia oi cua tia MA AM = MD KL: a/ V ABM =V DCM b AC // DC c/ AC ^ BC d/ Tm ieu kien cua V ABC e ADC =300 CM: a/Xet V ABM va V DCM co: =M (hai goc oi nh ) ; BM = CM (gt) AM = DM (gt) ; M 1 2 V ABM =V DCM (c-g-c) b/ Ta co: V BAM=V DCM (chng minh tren) BAM (hai goc tng ng ) = MDC ma BAM va MDC la hai goc so le trong AB//DC (theo dau hieu nhan biet ). c/ Ta co: V ABM = V ACM (c-c-c) V AB = AC (gt ) ; Canh AM chung; BM = MC(gt) ABM (hai goc tng ng ) ma AMB + AMC = 1800 (do hai goc ke = AMC bu) 1800 AMB = = 900 AM ^ BC 2 d/ ADC =300 khi DAB =300 (V ADC = DAB theo ket qua tren )

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

www.PNE.edu.vn

ma DAB =300 khi BAC = 600 (v BAC = 2. DAB do BAM = MAC ) 0 0 Vay ADC = 30 khi V ABC co AB = AC va BAC = 60

N TP CHNG II
Bai 1: a/ Ve hnh theo trnh t sau: -Ve V ABC

-30-

Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

www.PNE.edu.vn

-Qua A ve AH ^ BC (H BC) -T H ve HK ^ AC (K AC) -Qua K ve ng thang // vi BC cat AB tai E. b/ Ch ra cac cap goc bang nhau tren hnh, giai thch. c/ Chng minh AH ^ EK. d/ Qua A ve ng thang m vuong goc vi AH .Chng minh m // EK
m
A

E 1

2 1

1
B H

1
C

GT: V ABC AH ^ BC (H BC) HK ^ AC (K AC) KE // BC (E AB) Am ^ AH KL: a/ v hnh b/ Ch ra cac cap goc bang nhau c/AH ^ KE d/ Am // EK CM: =B (hai goc ong v cua EK//BC) b/ E 1 1
=C (nh tren ) K 2 1 K 1 = H 1 (Hai goc so le trong cua EK//BC) =K ( oi nh ) K
2 3

= 900 AHC = HKC

c)

d)

AH BC (gt) AH ^ EK (Quan he gia tnh vuong goc va song song ) EK//BC (gt) m ^ AH (gt) m// EK (Hai ng thang cung vuong goc vi mot EK ^ AH (c/m tre n)

ng thang th 3 ) Bai 2: a/ Tm gia tr x;y , trong hnh ve ben: b/ AE co song song vi BC khong ? Tai sao?

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7
A E

www.PNE.edu.vn

y x B C

Bai 3: Cho tam giac ABC co AB = AC. Tren canh AC lay iem D , Tren canh AC lay iem E sao cho AD = AE. Goi I la giao iem cua BD va CE. Biet IB = IC. Chng minh rang : a/ BD = CE b/ IBE = ICD c/ AI la tia phan giac cua goc A Bi 4: Cho tam giac ABC co AB = AC. Goi M la trung iem cua BC. 1/ Chng minh rang AMB = AMC 2/ Chng minh rang AM la tia phan giac cua goc BAC ? 3/ ng thang i qua B vuong goc vi BA cat ng thang AM tai I. Chng minh rang CI CA HNG DN ) Bai 2: cho ABC vuong tai A, phan giac B cat AC tai D. Ke DE BD (EBC). a) Cm: BA = BE b) K = BA I DE. Cm: DC = DK. HD:

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Cc ch Hnh hc lp 7

www.PNE.edu.vn

G T

tai A BD: phan giac


ABC

ABC vuong

DEBC DE I BA = K KL a)BA = BE b)DC = DK a) CM: BA = BE Xet ABD vuong tai A va BED vuong tai E: BD: canh chung ) (BD: phan giac B ) => ABD = EBD (ch-gn) ABD = EBD => BA = BE (2 canh tng ng) b) CM: DK = DC Xet EDC va ADK: DE = DA ( ABD= EBD) = EDC ADK () => EDC= ADK (cgv-gn) => DC = DK (2 canh tng ng)

PNE.edu.vn
Website gio dc cung cp ti liu hc tp mn Ton min ph !

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