GIO DC V O TO

TP ON BU CHNH VIN THNG

(In hoa c ch 11, font ch Times New Roman)

B GIO DC V O TO TP ON BU CHNH VIN THNG VIT NAM

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THN

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

(In hoa c ch -------------------------------14, font ch Times New Roman) ---------------------------------------

H V TN HC VIN (In hoa c ch 14, font ch Times New Ro

NGUYN THANH BNH

TN TI LUN VN THC S
(In hoa c ch 14-18, font ch Times New Roman)
CNG

CHUYN NGNH : K THUT IN LUN VN TH CS K THU T T QUN TR KINH DOANH TRUYN D LIU V MNG M KHOA HC MY TNH M S: 60.52.70 (Chuyn ngnh K thut in t)8 60.34.05 (Chuyn ngnh: Qun tr kinh doanh) 60.48.15 (Chuyn ngnh Truyn d liu v mng 60.48.01 (Chuyn ngnh Khoa hc my tnh) (In hoa c ch 12, font ch Times New Roman)
NHA TRANG - 2010

CNG LUN VN THC S K THUT

(i vi chuyn ngnh KTT

GIO DC V O TO

TP ON BU CHNH VIN THNG

(In hoa c ch 11, font ch Times New Roman)

B GIO DC V O TO TP ON BU CHNH VIN THNG VIT NAM

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THN

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

(In hoa c ch -------------------------------14, font ch Times New Roman) ---------------------------------------

H V TN HC VIN (In hoa c ch 14, font ch Times New Ro

NGUYN THANH BNH

TN TI LUN VN THC S
(In hoa c ch 14-18, font ch Times New Roman)
CHUYN NGNH : K THUT IN T

NGHIN CU PHNG PHP C LNG KNH TRUYN TRONG H THNG UMTS THEO CNG NGH LTE

M S :60.52.70 CHUYN NGNH : K THUT IN T QUN TR KINH DOANH TRUYN D LIU V MNG M KHOA HC MY TNH M S: 60.52.70 (Chuyn ngnh K thut in CNG LUN VN TH C S K THU T t)8 60.34.05 (Chuyn ngnh :NG Qun tr kinh doanh) Ngi hng dn khoa hc: TS.LNG H KHANH 60.48.15 (Chuyn ngnh Truyn d liu v mng 60.48.01 (Chuyn ngnh Khoa hc my tnh) (In hoa c ch 12, font ch Times New Roman)

NHA TRANG - 2010

CNG LUN VN THC S K THUT

(i vi chuyn ngnh KTT h

LI M U Thng tin di ng ngy nay a tr thnh mt ngnh cng nghip vin thng pht trin rt nhanh v mang li nhiu li nhun cho cc nh khai thc. S pht trin ca th trng vin thng di ng thc y mnh m vic nghin cu v trin khai cc h thng thng tin di ng mi trong tng lai. H thng di ng th h th hai, vi GSM v CDMA l nhng v d in hnh a pht trin mnh m nhiu quc gia. Tuy nhin, th trng vin thng cng m rng cng th hin r nhng hn ch v dung lng v bng thng ca cc h thng thng tin di ng th h th hai. S ra i ca h thng di ng th h th ba vi cc cng ngh UMTS l mt tt yu c th p ng c nhu cu truy cp d liu, m thanh, hnh nh vi tc cao, bng thng rng ca ngi s dng. Tri ngc vi d on ban u, cc thu bao di ng khng s dng nhiu cc cuc gi video hay cuc gi thoi m s dng nhiu hn cho cc mc ch truyn ti d liu, truy cp internet. Theo thng k ca Ericsson c tnh cc th d liu chin n 73% lu lng ca mt mng khng dy cho d n ch chim 3% s thu bao. V vy khi cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 2.5G hay 3G vn ang pht trin khng ngng nhng cc nh khai thc vin thng ln trn th gii a bt u tin hnh trin khai th nghim mt chun di ng th h mi c rt nhiu tim nng v c th s tr thnh chun di ng 4G trong tng lai, l LTE (Long Term Evolution). Cc cuc th nghim v trnh din ny a chng t nng lc tuyt vi ca cng ngh LTE v kh nng thng mi ha LTE n rt gn. Trong tng lai khng xa vi LTE, ta c th truy cp tt c cc dch v mi lc mi ni trong khi vn di chuyn: xem phim cht lng cao HDTV, in thoi thy hnh, chi game, nghe nhc trc tuyn, ti c s d liu v.v vi mt tc siu tc m khng phi quan tm ti chi ph cho lu lng s dng. chnh l s khc bit gia mng di ng th h th 3 (3G) v mng di ng th h th t (4G). Tuy vn cn kh mi m nhng mng di ng bng rng 4G ang c k vng s to ra nhiu thay i khc bit so vi nhng mng di ng hin nay. Trong nghin cu ny ti tp trung vo nghin cu vic c lng knh cho LTE, n s c s dng bi tt c cc thit b LTE. V vy iu quan trng phn tch ch ny l cc c lng c so snh bng cch thng qua php quan st nh hng ca cc c lng trn h thng hon chnh. Ti nghin cu v c lng knh trong cc knh thay i nhanh, ni m cc sng mang con khng hon ton trc giao vi nhau. Ti trnh by hai xp x ti thiu tuyn tnh (LMMSE) trong c tnh knh, c lin quan n cc ng dng thi gian thc, hiu sut v tnh phc tp thp. ti c t chc nh sau: Chng 1: Tng quan v LTE Chng 2: Phng php c lng knh v m hnh ton hc ca h thng. Chng 3: Uc lng knh trong knh Fading Chng 4: Tm tt

Chng 1 Tng quan

LTE l vit tt ca Long Term Evolution (S tin ha trong tng lai xa) miu t cng vic chun ha ca 3GPP xc nh phng php truy nhp v tuyn tc cao mi cho cc h thng truyn thng di ng. N c xy dng trn cc nn tng k thut ca h cc h thng mng t bo 3GPP (bao gm GSM, GPRS v EDGE, WCDMA v HSPA), LTE cung cp mt con ng tin ha n cc tc cao hn v tr thp hn. Cng vi s hiu qu hn trong s dng ph tn hu hn ca cc nh kha i thc, LTE cho mt mi trng dch v di ng hp dn v phong ph hn. 3GPP LTE l mt trong s 5 chun khng dy trong 3.9G, cc chun 3.9 G khc l:

3GPP HSPA+ 3GPP EDGE Evolution 3GPP2 UMB Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16m)

Tt c u c chung mc ch v mt ci thin hiu qu s dng ph tn vi h thng c rng bng ln nht cung cp tc cao nht thng qua vic s dng cc s iu ch bc cao hn v cng ngh a n ten, t phn tp thu v pht c bn n phn tp khng gian MIMO.
1. Cc c im ca LTE

- Tng cng giao din khng gian cho php tng tc s liu: LTE c xy dng trn mt mng truy nhp v tuyn hon ton mi da trn cng ngh OFDM. c ch r trong 3GPP phin bn 8 [3], giao din khng gian LTE kt hp a truy nhp v iu ch da trn OFDMA cho ng xung, cng vi SC-FDMA cho ng ln. LTE, hiu qu s dng ph tn ca OFDM c tng cng nh cc s iu ch bc cao hn nh l 64QAM, FEC tinh vi nh l bit ui, m ha xon, m ha turbo, cng vi cc k thut v tuyn b sung nh MIMO v nh dng chm ln n 4 anten mi trm. Kt qu l thng lng trung bnh gp 5 ln ca HSPA, tc s liu ng xung cc i v mt l thuyt l 300 Mbit/s cho mi ph tn 20 MHz, tc ng ln theo l thuyt ca LTE c th t 75 Mbit/s cho mi ph tn 20 MHz. - Hiu qu s dng ph tn cao: Hiu qu s dng ph tn cao hn ca LTE cho php cc nh khai thc cung cp ngy cng tng s lng khch hng trong vng ph tn ang tn ti v trong tng lai vi chi ph phn phi mi bit c gim xung. - K hoch tn s linh hot: LTE c th c cung cp ti u trong c kch thc ln n 5 km, kh dng trong c bn knh ln n 30 km, v s thc thi b gii hn trong cc c bn knh ln n 100 km. - Tr c gim: Bng cch gim thi gian round-trip xung cn 10 ms hoc thm ch t hn (so vi 40-50 ms cho HSPA). iu ny cho php cc dch v tng tc, thi gian thc nh l tr chi in t nhiu ngi, hi tho video/audio cht lng cao. - Mi trng ton IP: Mt trong nhng tnh nng ng k nht ca LTE l s chuyn dch n mng li hon ton da trn IP vi giao din m v kin trc n gin ha - Cng tn ti vi cc chun v h thng trc: Ngi s dng LTE s c th thc hin cc cuc gi t thit b u cui ca mnh v phi truy nhp n cc dch v s liu c s, thm ch khi h nm ngoi vng ph sng LTE. Do , cho php chuyn giao cc dch v xuyn sut, tri chy trong khu vc ph sng ca HSPA, WCDMA hay GSM/GPRS/EDGE. Hn th na, LTE/SAE h tr khng ch chuyn giao trong h thng,

lin h thng m cn chuyn giao lin min gia min chuyn mch gi v min chuyn mch knh. - Kh nng gim chi ph: a ra nhng tnh nng nh RAN a nh cung cp hoc mng t ti u SON s gip gim OPEX v cung cp tim nng gim chi ph trn mi bit thp hn.
2. Bng tn trin khai LTE

Cng ngh LTE ph hp trin khai trn rng bng tn trong phm vi t 1.25 MHz n 20 MHz, hn th na, n c th hot ng trong tt c cc bng tn 3GPP theo cp ph tn hoc khng theo cp ph tn. Nh vy, mng LTE c th trin khai trn bt c bng tn no c s dng bi cc h thng 3GPP. Bao gm cc bng tn li IMI-2000 (1.9-2 GHz) v cc bng m rng (2.5 GHz) cng nh l 850-900MHz, 1800MHz, 1.7-2.1 .
3

Hnh 1. Cc ty chn pht trin ln LTE LTE cung cp con ng tin ha cho cc nh khai thc trin khai tt c cc cng ngh 3GPP v phi 3GPP. Song song vi giao din v tuyn mi cp cao ca n, LTE yu cu s tin ha t cc mng chuyn mch lai knh/gi hin nay tr thnh mt mi trng n gin ha, ton IP. Da trn h chun UMTS/HSPA, LTE s tng cng cc kh nng ca cc cng ngh mng t bo hin ti tha mn yu cu ngy cng cao ca khch hng c thi quen vi cc dch v bng rng c nh. Nh vy, n hp nht mi trng nh hng thoi ca cc mng di ng hin nay vi cc kh nng dch v tp trung s liu cho Internet c nh. Mt mc tiu then cht khc ca d n l ha hp cc h thng LTE cng tn ti vi cc mng chuyn mch knh k tha. iu ny cho php cc nh khai thc a ra LTE hon ton IP v duy tr gi tr ca cc nn tng dch v da trn thoi ang tn ti trong khi thu li t s y mnh thc thi LTE cho cc dch v s liu. C nhiu ty chn nng cp cng ngh mng hin ti ln LTE cho c cc cng ngh 3GPP v phi 3GPP. Vi cc cng ngh mng t bo 3GPP, con ng tin ha ln LTE d thy nht l t GSM ln EDGE, tip theo ln WCDMA ri HSPA v cui cng l ln LTE. Ngoi ra, cn c nhiu con ng pht trin trc tip t cng ngh 3GPP hin ti ln LTE m b qua cc bc trung gian khc, chng hn t cng ngh WCDMA ln LTE m b qua bc pht trin trung gian ln HSPA. S tin ha ln LTE l t nhin i vi cc nh khai thc da trn h cng ngh 3GPP. Nhng vi nhiu nh khai thc di ng da trn cc cng ngh phi 3GPP (nh CDMA2000 ca 3GPP2) cng nn c quyt nh tin ln LTE bi v h thng tng ng vi LTE ca 3GPP2 l UMB b hy chn. tin ln th h 4G th hoc l s trin khai LTE hoc l trin khai mt h thng khng dy hon ton khc l WiMAX. Vic

quyt nh theo hng no cn ph thuc vo nhiu yu t khc na nh kinh t, th trng..... Tuy nhin, nh nhiu nh khai thc CDMA2000 trn th gii quyt nh chuyn sang LTE.

Chng 2: Phng php c lng knh v m hnh ton hc ca h thng.

1. Cu trc ca tn hiu c lng knh

iu ch pha pht v gii iu ch pha thu mt cch hiu qu th vic c lng knh truyn l mt yu cu khng th thiu c. Cch n gin nht c lng knh truyn trong h thng OFDM l chn cc tn hiu c lng knh dc bit trc vo li thi gian hay tn s ca knh truyn v tr chn ca cc tn hiu c lng knh ph thuc vo s anten truyn [3]. Bt c khi no c mt tn hiu c lng knh truyn nm trong min tn s hay min thi gian ti mt cng anten truyn nhng tn hiu c lng knh cc cng anten truyn cn li l 0. Hnh 2.1 m t cu trc ca tn hiu c lng knh trong h thng c 4 anten truyn cc mu tng ng vi cc v tr ca tn hiu c lng knh truyn ti mt cng anten. Ti cng anten 1 v 2 c 4 tn hiu c lng knh truyn, ti cng anten 3 v 4 ch c 2 tn hiu c lng knh. R rng vi s lng cng anten tng tn hiu c lng knh l khng tng (tng) .Thc t ny lm gim hiu qu ph khi tng s anten truyn. (V d nh trong trng hp ca 4 cng anten truyn 14,3% tn hiu c s dng c lng knh truyn. Ti cc cng anten truyn th 3 v th 4 cc tn hiu c lng knh t hn t hn cc cng anten 1 v anten 2. V vy vic c lng knh trn cc cng anten 3 v 4 s b gim hn so vi cc knh trn cc cng anten 1 v 2 do vic s dng 4 cng anten truyn s c gii hn trong nghin cu , trong cc knh bin i chm [4]. Gi tr phc tp trong nhng tn hiu c lng knh s khc nhau gia cc tn hiu c lng khc nhau v gia cc t bo (Cell) khc nhau. Nh vy tn hiu tham chiu c th c xem nh l tn hiu nhn dng 2 chiu. Trong [3], 510 t bo khc nhau (170 nhm t bo ng nht mt nhm t bo duy nht) c xc nh. Nh vy gi tr phc tp ca cc tn hiu c lng l ph thuc vo cc t bo. Min tn s ca pilot symbols c th khc nhau gia cc khung con subframes lin tip. v tr tng i ca cc pilot symbols l nh nhau. Nh m t trong hnh 2.1 .vic nhy tn c th c m t nh l vic b p tn s cho pilot symbols c s. C 170 mu nhy, mi mu tng ng vi mt nhm t bo ng nht.
2. M hnh h thng

Cc thnh phn lin quan ca h thng c m t trong hnh 2.3. Trong cc m t ton hc sau cc subframes c xem st mt cch k lng, v n gin cc ch s ca subframes c b qua. Ti cc my pht, cc bit d liu ca subframes c to ra (Trong h thng hon chnh cc bit d liu c trn scrambled v m ha, nhng t quan im c lng knh iu ny l khng quan trng). Trc khi c chuyn i ni tip sang song song cc symbols c iu ch theo |3| v pilot symbols c chn vo. Sau khi bin i Fourier ngc Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) v chuyn i song song sang ni tip cc tin t chu k c thm vo v tn hiu truyn c to ra bi mt b chuyn i s sang tng t. Ti my thu cc tin t chu k c tch ra, s dng b bin i Fourier Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) tn hiu c chuyn i trong min tn s s dng cc knh c lng v cn bng c lng d liu thu c. M hnh h thng sau y c da trn |5|. Cho l mt vector ct c chiu di

bao gm cc symbols d liu iu ch ca mt subframes trong min tn s biu th

bng (f) ti anten pht th n ( di vector

). Hn na, cho

l mt vector ct chiu v

bao gm tt c pilot symbols cho cc vector

l mt chui ca vector

Chng 3: Uc lng knh trong knh Fading

I. c lng knh trong knh Fading chm

Trong phn ny ti s trnh by v vic c lng knh trong knh fading khi (Block fading) gi nh, l thi thi gian lin kt ca knh lu p ng xung knh l mt khong khng i theo thi gian ca mt subframe theo |3| thi gian ca mt subframe l 1ms. S gn kt ca mt knh trong |6| c nh ngha l (3.1) Vi l hiu ng Doppler l s khc bit ln nht gia cc hiu ng Doppler. | | (3.2)

l hiu ng Doppler ca con ng th i. Hiu ng Doppler c nh ngh l s thay i tn s do s chuyn ng tng i gia my pht v my thu. (3.3)
1. c lng gii hn nh nht ca knh truyn Bt c khi no c mt sng mang c lng knh trn sng mang con subcarrier th k trong symbol OFDM th ti anten th , cc sng mang con subcarrier trong cng mt symbol OFDM ti cc cng anten pht cn li l 0. iu ny lm gim hiu qu ph

Chng 5: Kin ngh v vm thm

Trong lun n ny vic s l c lng knh cho LTE v iu tra cc hot ng ca mt s khi nim p
dng. N c th p dng hu ht cc khi nim tho lun vi cc tn s trc giao phn chia (OFDM) h thng vi nhng thay i nh chnh thc. Trc tin, ti nghin cu c lng knh dn thay i knh, ni m ti gi nh rng knh vn khng i trong vic truyn ti ca mt subframe. Th hai, ti nghin cu c lng knh nhanh chng thay i knh.

Ti liu tham kho [3] 3GPP, _Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical channels and modulation,_ 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), TS 36.211, Sept. 2008. [Online]. Available: http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36211.htm

Vit tt UMTS

Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems H thng thng tin di ng a nng (UMTS = W-+TDS-+HS-)

WCDMA TDS-CDMA Time Division-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access HSDPA High-Speed Digital Position Access FDD Frequency Division Duplex Ghp tn s song cng
3GPP 3nd Generation Partnership Project

M u Chng 1 Tng quan Chng 2 Phng php c lng knh truyn v m hnh h thng
Lp vt l ng xung Cu trc ca tn hiu c lng knh M hnh h thng

Chng 3 c lng knh trong knh Fading

c lng knh trong knh Fading bin i chm c lng knh trong knh Fading bin i nhanh

Chng 4 Kt qu m phng Chng 5 Kt lun