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Chuyn : ANEHIT - XETON

GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du

A. TM TT L THUYT 1. nh ngha, phn loi v danh php : a) nh ngha : + Anehit l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm CH=O lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon hoc nguyn t H VD : H-CHO, CH3CHO + Xeton l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm >C=O lin kt trc tip vi 2 nguyn t cacbon VD : Cu trc nhm cacbonyl: >C=O Nguyn t C mang lin kt i trng thi lai ha sp. Lin kt i C=O gm 1 lin kt bn v mt lin kt km bn. Gc gia cc lin kt nhm >C=O ging vi gc gia cc lin kt >C=C< tc l 120. Trong khi lin kt C=C hu nh khng phn cc, th lin kt >C=O b phn cc mnh: nguyn t O mang mt phn in tch m, , nguyn t C mang mt phn in tch dng, +. .Chnh v vy cc phn ng ca nhm >C=O c nhng im ging v nhng im khc bit so vi nhm >C=C<. b) Phn loi : - Da theo gc hidrocacbon : no, khng no, thm - Da theo s nhm chc : n chc, a chc c) Danh php : * Anehit : - Tn thay th = tn h.c theo mch chnh + al - Tn thng : Mt s anehit n gin c gi theo tn thng thng c ngun gc lch s VD : Anehit Tn thay th Tn thng thng HCH=O Metanal Fomanehit ( anehit fomic) CH3CH=O Etanal Axetanehit (anehit axetic) CH3CH2CH=O Propanal Propionanehit ( anehit propionic) (CH3)2CHCH2CH=O 3-metylbutanal Isovaleranehit ( anehit isovaleric) CH3CH=CHCH=O But-2-en-1-al Crotonanehit ( anhit crotonic) * Xeton : - Tn thay th = Tn h.c tng ng + v tr nhm chc + on - Tn gc chc = tn gc h.c + xeton VD : Xeton Tn thay th Tn gc chc CH3-C-CH3 Propan-2-on Dimetyl xeton

P P P

O CH3- C-CH2-CH3 O CH3- C-CH=CH2

But-2-on

Etyl metyl xeton

But-3-en-2-on

Metyl vinyl xeton

O 2. Tnh cht ha hc : a. Phn ng cng : c th xem lin kt C=O nh C=C t 0 , Ni - Cng H2 ( phn ng kh) : Anehit + H2 Ancol bc 1
t , Ni Xeton + H2 Ancol bc 2 =>Anehit ng vai tr l cht kh - Cng H2O, HCN (hidro xianua): +) C=O + H2O sp khng bn VD: H2C=O + H2O H2C(OH)2 (khng bn) +) C=O + HCN sp: xianohidrin bn
0

CN | VD: CH 3 C CH 3 + H CN CH 3 C CH 3 (xianohirin) | || O OH
b. Phn ng oxi ha - Tc dng vi Br2 v dd KMnO4 VD: R-CHO + Br2 + H2O R-COOH + HBr

Chuyn : ANEHIT - XETON

GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du

* Xeton khng lm mt mu 2 dd trn v n khng b oxi ha - Tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 ( phn ng trng bc) AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O [Ag(NH3)2]OH (phc tan) R-CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH RCOONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2O =>Anehit ng vai tr l cht oxi ha Dng nhn bit anehit TQ: R(CHO)z + 2z AgNO3 + 3z NH3 + z H2O R(COONH4)z + 2z NH4NO3 + 2z Ag Ring anehit fomic : HCHO + 4AgNO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 4NH4NO3 + 4Ag - Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim Cu2O gch R(CHO)z + 2zCu(OH)2 + zNaOH R(COONa)z + z Cu2O + 3z H2O Ring andehit fomic: HCHO + 4Cu(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + 2Cu2O + 6H2O Trong mt s bi ton c th vit o 3, t R-CH=O +Ag2O ddNH R-COOH + 2Ag R-CH=O + 2Cu(OH)2 to R-COOH + Cu2O +2H2O Nu R l Hydro, Ag2O d, Cu(OH)2 d: o 3, t H-CHO + 2Ag2O ddNH H2O + CO2 + 4Ag H-CH=O + 4Cu(OH)2 to 5H2O + CO2 + 2Cu2O Cc cht: H-COOH, mui ca axit fomic, este ca axit fomic cng cho c phn ng trng gng. o 3, t HCOOH + Ag2O ddNH H2O + CO2+2Ag o 3, t HCOONa + Ag2O ddNH NaHCO3 + 2Ag o 3, t H-COOR + Ag2O ddNH ROH + CO2 + 2Ag Anehit va ng vai tr cht kh, va ng vai tr cht oxi ha: + Cht kh: Khi phn ng vi O2, Ag2O/NH3, Cu(OH)2(to) + Cht oxi ha khi tc dng vi H2 (Ni, to) c. Phn ng gc h.c : Nguyn t H bn cnh nhm cacbonyl d tham gia phn ng th CH 3COOH VD : CH3-C-CH3 + Br2 CH3-C-CH2Br + HBr

O O 3. iu ch: - Phng php chung iu ch anehit v xeton l oxi ha nh ancol bc 1 v bc 2 * Fomanehit c iu ch trong cng nghip bng cch oxi ha metanol nh c oxi khng kh 600-700 0C vi xc tc Cu hoc Ag Ag ,6000 C 2CH3-OH + O2 2HCH=O + 2H2O - T hidrocacbon: NO ,600 8000 C * Oxi ha khng hon ton metan l pp mi sx fomandhit: CH4 + O2 HCH=O + H2O
PdCl2 ,CuCl2 * Oxi ha etilen l pp hin i sx axetan ehit: 2CH 2=CH2 + O2 2CH3CH=O * Oxi ha cumen ri ch ha vi axit H2SO4 thu c axeton cng vi phenol 1) O2 2) H 2 SO4 20% (CH3)2CH-C6H5 tiu phn trung gian CH3-CO-CH3 + C6H5-OH
0

HgSO4 ,80 C * Axetanehit cn c thm pp: CH CH + H2O CH3-CHO MT S CH KHI GII TON 1. Anhit no, n chc, mch h c CTTQ l CnH2n + 1CHO hay CmH2mO 2. Axetilen v ankin c lin kt u mch hoc h.c c lin kt u mch tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 cho kt ta vng cn anehit cho Ag

3. Da va phan ng trang gng :

= 2 x x la so nhom chc andehyt. nanehyt

nAg

+ 1mol anehit n chc (R-CHO) cho 2mol Ag + Trng hp c bit : H-CH = O phn ng Ag2O to 4mol Ag v %O = 53,33% Thi du 1: Cht hu c X thanh phn gm C, H, O trong o %O: 53,3 khi lng. Khi thc hin phan ng trang gng, t 1 mol X 4 mol Ag. CTPT X la: A. HCHO B. (CHO)2 C. CH2(CHO)2 D. C2H4(CHO)2 Thi du 2: Cho hn hp HCHO va H2 i qua ng ng bt Ni nung nong. Dn toan b hn hp thu u sau phan ng vao binh nc lanh ngng tu hi cht long va hoa tan cac cht co th tan c , thy khi lng binh tng 11,8g. Ly dd trong binh cho tac dung vi dd AgNO 3/NH3 thu c 21,6g Ag. Khi lng CH 3OH tao ra trong phan ng hp H 2 cua HCHO la:

Chuyn : ANEHIT - XETON

GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du

A. 8,3g ( mCH 3OH

B. 9,3g

Suy lun: H-CHO + H2

+ mHCHO ) cha phan ng la 11,8g.

t0
Ni

C. 10,3g CH3OH

D. 1,03g

NH 3 CO2 + H2O + 4 Ag 1 1 21,6 nHCHO = nAg = = 0,05mol . 4 4 108 MHCHO = 0,05.30 = 1,5g ; mCH 3OH = 11,8 1,5 = 10,3 g

HCHO + 2Ag2O

4. Nu c hn hp hai anehit tham gia phn ng trng gng m cho 2 <

nAg nandehit

< 4 => 1 trong hai anehit l HCHO

hoc anehit 2 chc v anhit cn li l n chc 5. Da trn phan ng t chay anehit no, n chc cho s mol CO2 = s mol H2O. + 1 nhm andehit (- CH = O) c 1 lin kt i C = O andehit no n chc ch c 1 lin kt nn khi t chy nH 2O = nCO2 (v ngc li) + andehit A c 2 lin kt c 2 kh nng : andehit no 2 chc ( 2 C = O) hoc andehit khng no c 1 lin kt i ( 1 trong C = O, 1 trong C = C). + H 2 , xt + O2 ,t 0 Anehit Ancol cung cho s mol CO2 bng s mol CO2 khi t anehit con s mol H2O cua ru thi nhiu hn. S mol H2O tri hn bng s mol H2 a cng vao anddeehit. Thi du : t chay hn hp 2 anehit no, n chc thu c 0,4 mol CO 2. Hidro hoa hoan toan 2 anehit nay cn 0,2 mol H2 thu c hn hp 2 ru no, dn chc. t chay hoan toan hn hp 2 ru thi s mol H 2O thu c la: A. 0,4 mol B. 0,6mol C. 0,8 mol D. 0,3 mol Suy lun: t chay hn hp 2 anehit c 0,4 mol CO 2 thi cung c 0,4 mol H2O. Hidro hoa anehit a nhn thm 0,2 mol H2 thi s mol cua ru tri hn cua anehit la 0,2 mol. Vy s mol H 2O tao ra khi t chay ru la 0,4 + 0,2 = 0,6 mol. nCu2O = x x la so nhom chc andehyt 6. + n andehyt + +
nCu(OH) phan ng 2 = 2 x x la so nhom chc andehyt n andehyt

nH 2 phan ng = x x la ( so nhom chc andehyt + so lien ket oi( ) C = C) nandehyt

BI TP ANEHIT XETON Cu 1: Fomalin hay fomon c dng ngm xc ng vt, thuc da, ty u, dit trng, Fomalin l A. dung dch rt long ca anehit fomic. B. dung dch axetanehit khong 40%. C. dung dch 37 40% fomanehit trong nc. D. tn gi ca HCH=O. Cu 2: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng? A. Trong phn t anehit, cc nguyn t ch lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt . B. Hp cht RCHO c th iu ch c t RCH2OH. C. Hp cht hu c c nhm CHO lin kt vi H l anehit. D. Anehit c c tnh kh v tnh oxi ha. Cu 3: S ng phn xeton ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10O l A. 5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 4: Trong cng nghip, axeton iu ch t A. xiclopropan. B. propan1ol. C. propan2ol. D. cumen. Cu 5: Th t gim dn nhit si ca cc cht CH 3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O l A. H2O, CH3CHO, C2H5OH. B. H2O, C2H5OH, CH3CHO. C. CH3CHO, H2O, C2H5OH. D. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O. Ch : - Ancol c t C1 n C3 c ts < ts ca H2O - Ancol t C4 tr i c c ts > ts ca H2O
H 3O KMnO4 ,H 2 O,t Cu 6: Cho s : C6H5CH3 Y. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l X
o +

Chuyn : ANEHIT - XETON

GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du

A. C6H5CHO, C6H5COOH. B. C6H5CH2OK, C6H5CHO. C. C6H5CH2OH, C6H5CHO. D. C6H5COOK, C6H5COOH. Cu 7: C th dng mt cht no trong cc cht di y nhn bit c cc cht: ancol etylic, glixerol, anehit axetic ng trong ba l mt nhn? A. Cu(OH)2/OH-. B. Qu tm. C. Kim loi Na. D. dd AgNO3/NH3. Cu 8: Bng 3 phng trnh phn ng c th iu ch c cao su buna t A. HOCH2CH2OH. B. CH3[CH2]2CHO. C. CH3COOH. D. O=CH[CH2]2CH=O. Cu 9: Mt anehit no X mch h, khng phn nhnh, c cng thc thc nghim l (C 2H3O)n. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. O=CHCH2CH2CHO. B. O=CHCH2CH2CH2CHO. C. O=CHCH(CH3)CH2CHO. D. O=CHCH(CH3)CHO. Cu 10: Cho cc cht sau: CH3CH2CHO (1), CH2=CHCHO (2), (CH3)2CHCHO (3), CH2=CHCH2OH (4). Nhng cht phn ng hon ton vi lng d H2 (Ni, t) cng to ra mt sn phm l A. 2, 3, 4. B. 1, 2, 4. C. 1, 2, 3. D. 1, 3, 4. Cu 11: Cho cc s phn ng sau: H 2SO 4 ,170o C Ni, t o A B + 2H2 B + C; ancol isobutylic.
t t A + CuO D + E + C; D + 4AgNO3 + NH3 F + G + 4Ag A c cng thc cu to l A. (CH3)2C(OH)CHO. B. HOCH2CH(CH3)CHO. C. OHCCH(CH3)CHO. D. CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO. Cu 12: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X mch h to ra b mol CO 2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit A. no, n chc. B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc. C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. D. no, hai chc. Cu 13: Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C 3H6O v c cc tnh cht: X, Z u phn ng vi nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H2 nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhm chc; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH3COOH. X, Y, Z ln lt l A. C2H5CHO, CH2=CHOCH3, (CH3)2CO. B. (CH3)2CO, C2H5CHO, CH2=CHCH2OH. C. C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CHCH2OH. D. CH2=CHCH2OH, C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO. Cu 14: Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit X phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. HCHO. B. CH2=CHCHO. C. O=CHCHO. D. CH3CHO. Cu 15: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi CuO d nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y c t khi hi so vi H2 l 13,75. Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 un nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 7,8. B. 8,8. C. 7,4. D. 9,2. Cu 16: Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Oxi ha hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO un nng thu c hn hp sn phm hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 15,3. B. 13,5. C. 8,1. D. 8,5. Cu 17(H A-2007) : Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO 3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO 3 long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO(sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16) A. CH3CHO. B. HCHO. C. CH3CH2CHO. D. CH2 = CHCHO Cu 18(H A-2007) : Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho Na = 23, Ag = 108) A. HCHO. B. CH3CHO. C. OHC-CHO. D. CH3CH(OH)CHO Cu 19(H A-2007) : Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, l: A. anehit axetic, butin-1, etilen. B. anehit axetic, axetilen, butin-2. C. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin. D. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen. Cu 20(H A-2007) : Cho cc cht: HCN, H2, dung dch KMnO4, dung dch Br2. S cht phn ng c vi (CH3)2CO l A. 2. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3. Cu 21(H B-2007) : t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO 2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c).Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit A. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. B. no, n chc.
o o

Chuyn : ANEHIT - XETON

GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du

C. khng no c hai ni i, n chc. D. no, hai chc. Cu 22(H B-2007) : Khi oxi ha hon ton 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng ng. Cngthc ca anehit l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16) A. C2H5CHO. B. CH3CHO C. HCHO. D. C2H3CHO Cu 23(H B-2007) : Oxi ho 4,48 lt C2H4 ( ktc) bng O2 (xc tc PdCl2, CuCl2), thu c cht X n chc. Ton b lng cht X trn cho tc dng vi HCN (d) th c 7,1 gam CH 3CH(CN)OH (xianohirin). Hiu sut qu trnh to CH3CH(CN)OH t C2H4 l (cho H = 1, C = 12, N = 14, O = 16) A. 50%. B. 60%. C. 70%. D. 80%. Cu 24(H A-2008) : Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d Ag 2O (hoc AgNO3)trong dung dch NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l A. C3H7CHO. B. C4H9CHO. C. HCHO. D. C2H5CHO Cu 25(H A-2008): un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H2 (xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng t Y thu c cht Z; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H2 c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng. Cht X l anehit A. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc. B. no, hai chc. C. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n chc. D. no, n chc. Cu 26(HA-2008): S ng phn xeton ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10O l A. 3. B. 5. C. 6. D. 4. Cu 27(C-2008): Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to thnh l A. 21,6 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 43,2 gam. D. 64,8 gam. Cu 28 (C-2008): t chy hon ton anehit X, thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Nu cho X tc dng vi mt lng d AgNO3 trong NH3, sinh ra s mol Ag gp 4 ln s mol X phn ng. Cng thc ca X l A. HCHO. B. CH3CHO. C. (CHO)2. D. C2H5CHO. Cu 29(C-2008): Cho dy cc cht: HCHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l A. 6. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3. Cu 30(C-2008): Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy nht l xeton Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH3-CHOH-CH3. B. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH. C. CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3. D. CH3-CO-CH3. Cu 31(HB-2008): Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C 3H6O v c cc tnh cht: X, Z u phn ng vi nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H2 nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhm chc; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH3COOH. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. B. C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-O-CH3, (CH3)2CO. C. CH2=CH-CH2OH, C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO. D. (CH3)2CO, C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. Cu 32 (HB-2008): Oxi ha 1,2 gam CH3OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp sn phm X gm HCHO, H2O v CH3OH d. Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ha CH3OH l A. 76,6%. B. 80,0%. C. 65,5%. D. 70,4%. Cu 33(HA-2009): Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H2 i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y th thu c 11,7 gam H 2O v 7,84 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Phn trm theo th tch ca H2 trong X l A. 46,15%. B. 35,00%. C. 53,85%. D. 65,00%. Cu 34(HA-2009): Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip bng mt phn ng to ra anehit axetic l A. CH3COOH, C2H2, C2H4. B. C2H5OH, C2H4, C2H2. C. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOC2H3, C2H2, CH3COOH. Cu 35(HA-2009): Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H 2 d (xc tc Ni, to) th 0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H 2. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l A. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0). B. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0). C. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2). D. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2). Cu 36(HB-2009): t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X, thu c 0,351 gam H2O v 0,4368 lt kh CO2 ktc. Bit X c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim khi un nng. Cht X l A. O=CHCH=O. B. CH2=CHCH2OH. C. CH3COCH3. D. C2H5CHO.

Chuyn : ANEHIT - XETON

GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du

Cu 37(HB-2009): Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng bc. Bit phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y tng ng l A. HOCH2CH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CH2CHO. B. HOCH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CHO. C. HCOOCH3 v HCOOCH2CH3. D. HOCH(CH3)CHO v HOOCCH2CHO. Cu 38(HB-2009): Hiro ha hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l A. 17,8. B. 24,8. C. 10,5. D. 8,8. Cu 39(HB-2009): t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO 2. Cht X tc dng c vi Na, tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2 theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH. B. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO. C. HO-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. D. HO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. Cu 40 (C-2009): Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l A. HCHO v C2H5CHO. B. HCHO v CH3CHO. C. C2H3CHO v C3H5CHO. D. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO. Cu 41 (C-2009): Hiro ha hon ton hn hp M gm hai anehit X v Y no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (MX < MY), thu c hn hp hai ancol c khi lng ln hn khi lng M l 1 gam. t chy hon ton M thu c 30,8 gam CO2. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X ln lt l A. HCHO v 50,56%. B. CH3CHO v 67,16%. C. CH3CHO v 49,44%. D. HCHO v 32,44%. Cu 42(HA-2010): Axeton c iu ch bng cch oxi ho cumen nh oxi, sau thu phn trong dung dch H 2SO4 long. thu c 145 gam axeton th lng cumen cn dng (gi s hiu sut qu trnh iu ch t 75%) l A. 400 gam. B. 600 gam. C. 300 gam. D. 500 gam. Cu 43(HA-2010): Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu c. Gi tr ca m l A. 9,5. B. 10,9. C. 14,3. D. 10,2 Cu 44(HA-2010): Hiro ho cht hu c X thu c (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3. Cht X c tn thay th l A. metyl isopropyl xeton. B. 2-metylbutan-3-on. C. 3-metylbutan-2-ol. D. 3-metylbutan-2-on. Cu 45(HB-2010): Cho hn hp M gm anehit X (no, n chc, mch h) v hirocacbon Y, c tng s mol l 0,2 (s mol ca X nh hn ca Y). t chy hon ton M, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 7,2 gam H2O. Hirocacbon Y l A. C3H6. B. C2H4. C. CH4. D. C2H2. Cu 46(HB-2010): Cho phn ng: 2 C6H5-CHO + KOH C6H5-COOK + C6H5-CH2-OH Phn ng ny chng t C6H5-CHO A. ch th hin tnh oxi ho. B. khng th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ho. C. va th hin tnh oxi ho, va th hin tnh kh. D. ch th hin tnh kh. Cu 47 (C-2010): Oxi ho khng hon ton ancol isopropylic bng CuO nung nng, thu c cht hu c X. Tn gi ca X l A. metyl phenyl xeton. B. metyl vinyl xeton. C. imetyl xeton. D. propanal. Cu 48(HA-2011): t chy hon ton anehit X, thu c th tch kh CO 2 bng th tch hi nc (trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th thu c 0,04 mol Ag. X l A. anehit fomic. B. anehit axetic. C. anehit khng no, mch h, hai chc. D. anehit no, mch h, hai chc. Cu 49(HA-2011): X, Y, Z l cc hp cht mch h, bn c cng cng thc phn t C 3H6O. X tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Y khng tc dng c vi Na nhng c phn ng trng bc. Z khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. CH3-CO- CH3, CH3- CH2-CHO, CH2=CH- CH2-OH. B. CH3- CH2-CHO, CH3-CO- CH3, CH2=CH- CH2-OH. C. CH2=CH- CH2-OH, CH3-CO- CH3, CH3- CH2-CHO. D. CH2=CH- CH2-OH, CH3- CH2-CHO, CH3-CO- CH3. Cu 50(HA-2011): Pht biu no sau y v anehit v xeton l sai? A. Axeton khng phn ng c vi nc brom.

Chuyn : ANEHIT - XETON

GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du

B. Anehit fomic tc dng vi H2O to thnh sn phm khng bn. C. Hiro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm khng bn. D. Axetanehit phn ng c vi nc brom Cu 51(HB-2011): Hn hp M gm mt anehit v mt ankin (c cng s nguyn t cacbon). t chy hon ton x mol hn hp M, thu c 3x mol CO2 v 1,8x mol H2O. Phn trm s mol ca anehit trong hn hp M l A. 50%. B. 40%. C. 30%. D. 20%. Cu 52(HB-2011): hiro ho hon ton 0,025 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit c khi lng 1,64 gam, cn 1,12 lt H 2 (ktc). Mt khc, khi cho cng lng X trn phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 th thu c 8,64 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca hai anehit trong X l A. CH2=C(CH3)-CHO v OHC-CHO. B. OHC-CH2-CHO v OHC-CHO. C. CH2=CH-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO. D. H-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO. Cu 53(HB-2011): Hn hp X gm hai anehit n chc Y v Z (bit phn t khi ca Y nh hn ca Z). Cho 1,89 gam X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 18,36 gam Ag v dung dch E. Cho ton b E tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c 0,784 lt CO 2 (ktc). Tn ca Z l A. anehit axetic. B. anehit acrylic. C. anehit propionic. D. anehit butiric Cu 54(HB-2011): X l hn hp gm H2 v hi ca hai anehit (no, n chc, mch h, phn t u c s nguyn t C nh hn 4), c t khi so vi heli l 4,7. un nng 2 mol X (xc tc Ni), c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi heli l 9,4. Thu ly ton b cc ancol trong Y ri cho tc dng vi Na (d), c V lt H 2 (ktc). Gi tr ln nht ca V l A. 13,44. B. 5,6. C. 11,2. D. 22,4 Cu 55(HA-2012): Hirat ha 5,2 gam axetilen vi xc tc HgSO4 trong mi trng axit, un nng. Cho ton b cc cht hu c sau phn ng vo mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 thu c 44,16 gam kt ta. Hiu sut phn ng hirat ha axetilen l A. 80%. B. 70%. C. 92%. D. 60%. Cu 56(HB-2012): Cho 0,125 mol anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 27 gam Ag. Mt khc, hiro ho hon ton 0,25 mol X cn va 0,5 mol H2. Dy ng ng ca X c cng thc chung l A. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0). B. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2). C. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2). D. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0). Cu 57 (HB-2012): Oxi ha 0,08 mol mt ancol n chc, thu c hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic, mt anehit, ancol d v nc. Ngng t ton b X ri chia lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt cho tc dng ht vi Na d, thu c 0,504 lt kh H2 (ktc). Phn hai cho phn ng trng bc hon ton thu c 9,72 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ancol b oxi ho l A. 50,00%. B. 62,50%. C. 31,25%. D. 40,00%.

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