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A. TM TT L THUYT 1. nh ngha, phn loi v danh php : a) nh ngha : + Anehit l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm CH=O lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon hoc nguyn t H VD : H-CHO, CH3CHO + Xeton l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm >C=O lin kt trc tip vi 2 nguyn t cacbon VD : Cu trc nhm cacbonyl: >C=O Nguyn t C mang lin kt i trng thi lai ha sp. Lin kt i C=O gm 1 lin kt bn v mt lin kt km bn. Gc gia cc lin kt nhm >C=O ging vi gc gia cc lin kt >C=C< tc l 120. Trong khi lin kt C=C hu nh khng phn cc, th lin kt >C=O b phn cc mnh: nguyn t O mang mt phn in tch m, , nguyn t C mang mt phn in tch dng, +. .Chnh v vy cc phn ng ca nhm >C=O c nhng im ging v nhng im khc bit so vi nhm >C=C<. b) Phn loi : - Da theo gc hidrocacbon : no, khng no, thm - Da theo s nhm chc : n chc, a chc c) Danh php : * Anehit : - Tn thay th = tn h.c theo mch chnh + al - Tn thng : Mt s anehit n gin c gi theo tn thng thng c ngun gc lch s VD : Anehit Tn thay th Tn thng thng HCH=O Metanal Fomanehit ( anehit fomic) CH3CH=O Etanal Axetanehit (anehit axetic) CH3CH2CH=O Propanal Propionanehit ( anehit propionic) (CH3)2CHCH2CH=O 3-metylbutanal Isovaleranehit ( anehit isovaleric) CH3CH=CHCH=O But-2-en-1-al Crotonanehit ( anhit crotonic) * Xeton : - Tn thay th = Tn h.c tng ng + v tr nhm chc + on - Tn gc chc = tn gc h.c + xeton VD : Xeton Tn thay th Tn gc chc CH3-C-CH3 Propan-2-on Dimetyl xeton
P P P
But-2-on
But-3-en-2-on
O 2. Tnh cht ha hc : a. Phn ng cng : c th xem lin kt C=O nh C=C t 0 , Ni - Cng H2 ( phn ng kh) : Anehit + H2 Ancol bc 1
t , Ni Xeton + H2 Ancol bc 2 =>Anehit ng vai tr l cht kh - Cng H2O, HCN (hidro xianua): +) C=O + H2O sp khng bn VD: H2C=O + H2O H2C(OH)2 (khng bn) +) C=O + HCN sp: xianohidrin bn
0
CN | VD: CH 3 C CH 3 + H CN CH 3 C CH 3 (xianohirin) | || O OH
b. Phn ng oxi ha - Tc dng vi Br2 v dd KMnO4 VD: R-CHO + Br2 + H2O R-COOH + HBr
* Xeton khng lm mt mu 2 dd trn v n khng b oxi ha - Tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 ( phn ng trng bc) AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O [Ag(NH3)2]OH (phc tan) R-CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH RCOONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2O =>Anehit ng vai tr l cht oxi ha Dng nhn bit anehit TQ: R(CHO)z + 2z AgNO3 + 3z NH3 + z H2O R(COONH4)z + 2z NH4NO3 + 2z Ag Ring anehit fomic : HCHO + 4AgNO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 4NH4NO3 + 4Ag - Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim Cu2O gch R(CHO)z + 2zCu(OH)2 + zNaOH R(COONa)z + z Cu2O + 3z H2O Ring andehit fomic: HCHO + 4Cu(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + 2Cu2O + 6H2O Trong mt s bi ton c th vit o 3, t R-CH=O +Ag2O ddNH R-COOH + 2Ag R-CH=O + 2Cu(OH)2 to R-COOH + Cu2O +2H2O Nu R l Hydro, Ag2O d, Cu(OH)2 d: o 3, t H-CHO + 2Ag2O ddNH H2O + CO2 + 4Ag H-CH=O + 4Cu(OH)2 to 5H2O + CO2 + 2Cu2O Cc cht: H-COOH, mui ca axit fomic, este ca axit fomic cng cho c phn ng trng gng. o 3, t HCOOH + Ag2O ddNH H2O + CO2+2Ag o 3, t HCOONa + Ag2O ddNH NaHCO3 + 2Ag o 3, t H-COOR + Ag2O ddNH ROH + CO2 + 2Ag Anehit va ng vai tr cht kh, va ng vai tr cht oxi ha: + Cht kh: Khi phn ng vi O2, Ag2O/NH3, Cu(OH)2(to) + Cht oxi ha khi tc dng vi H2 (Ni, to) c. Phn ng gc h.c : Nguyn t H bn cnh nhm cacbonyl d tham gia phn ng th CH 3COOH VD : CH3-C-CH3 + Br2 CH3-C-CH2Br + HBr
O O 3. iu ch: - Phng php chung iu ch anehit v xeton l oxi ha nh ancol bc 1 v bc 2 * Fomanehit c iu ch trong cng nghip bng cch oxi ha metanol nh c oxi khng kh 600-700 0C vi xc tc Cu hoc Ag Ag ,6000 C 2CH3-OH + O2 2HCH=O + 2H2O - T hidrocacbon: NO ,600 8000 C * Oxi ha khng hon ton metan l pp mi sx fomandhit: CH4 + O2 HCH=O + H2O
PdCl2 ,CuCl2 * Oxi ha etilen l pp hin i sx axetan ehit: 2CH 2=CH2 + O2 2CH3CH=O * Oxi ha cumen ri ch ha vi axit H2SO4 thu c axeton cng vi phenol 1) O2 2) H 2 SO4 20% (CH3)2CH-C6H5 tiu phn trung gian CH3-CO-CH3 + C6H5-OH
0
HgSO4 ,80 C * Axetanehit cn c thm pp: CH CH + H2O CH3-CHO MT S CH KHI GII TON 1. Anhit no, n chc, mch h c CTTQ l CnH2n + 1CHO hay CmH2mO 2. Axetilen v ankin c lin kt u mch hoc h.c c lin kt u mch tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 cho kt ta vng cn anehit cho Ag
nAg
+ 1mol anehit n chc (R-CHO) cho 2mol Ag + Trng hp c bit : H-CH = O phn ng Ag2O to 4mol Ag v %O = 53,33% Thi du 1: Cht hu c X thanh phn gm C, H, O trong o %O: 53,3 khi lng. Khi thc hin phan ng trang gng, t 1 mol X 4 mol Ag. CTPT X la: A. HCHO B. (CHO)2 C. CH2(CHO)2 D. C2H4(CHO)2 Thi du 2: Cho hn hp HCHO va H2 i qua ng ng bt Ni nung nong. Dn toan b hn hp thu u sau phan ng vao binh nc lanh ngng tu hi cht long va hoa tan cac cht co th tan c , thy khi lng binh tng 11,8g. Ly dd trong binh cho tac dung vi dd AgNO 3/NH3 thu c 21,6g Ag. Khi lng CH 3OH tao ra trong phan ng hp H 2 cua HCHO la:
B. 9,3g
t0
Ni
C. 10,3g CH3OH
D. 1,03g
NH 3 CO2 + H2O + 4 Ag 1 1 21,6 nHCHO = nAg = = 0,05mol . 4 4 108 MHCHO = 0,05.30 = 1,5g ; mCH 3OH = 11,8 1,5 = 10,3 g
HCHO + 2Ag2O
nAg nandehit
hoc anehit 2 chc v anhit cn li l n chc 5. Da trn phan ng t chay anehit no, n chc cho s mol CO2 = s mol H2O. + 1 nhm andehit (- CH = O) c 1 lin kt i C = O andehit no n chc ch c 1 lin kt nn khi t chy nH 2O = nCO2 (v ngc li) + andehit A c 2 lin kt c 2 kh nng : andehit no 2 chc ( 2 C = O) hoc andehit khng no c 1 lin kt i ( 1 trong C = O, 1 trong C = C). + H 2 , xt + O2 ,t 0 Anehit Ancol cung cho s mol CO2 bng s mol CO2 khi t anehit con s mol H2O cua ru thi nhiu hn. S mol H2O tri hn bng s mol H2 a cng vao anddeehit. Thi du : t chay hn hp 2 anehit no, n chc thu c 0,4 mol CO 2. Hidro hoa hoan toan 2 anehit nay cn 0,2 mol H2 thu c hn hp 2 ru no, dn chc. t chay hoan toan hn hp 2 ru thi s mol H 2O thu c la: A. 0,4 mol B. 0,6mol C. 0,8 mol D. 0,3 mol Suy lun: t chay hn hp 2 anehit c 0,4 mol CO 2 thi cung c 0,4 mol H2O. Hidro hoa anehit a nhn thm 0,2 mol H2 thi s mol cua ru tri hn cua anehit la 0,2 mol. Vy s mol H 2O tao ra khi t chay ru la 0,4 + 0,2 = 0,6 mol. nCu2O = x x la so nhom chc andehyt 6. + n andehyt + +
nCu(OH) phan ng 2 = 2 x x la so nhom chc andehyt n andehyt
BI TP ANEHIT XETON Cu 1: Fomalin hay fomon c dng ngm xc ng vt, thuc da, ty u, dit trng, Fomalin l A. dung dch rt long ca anehit fomic. B. dung dch axetanehit khong 40%. C. dung dch 37 40% fomanehit trong nc. D. tn gi ca HCH=O. Cu 2: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng? A. Trong phn t anehit, cc nguyn t ch lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt . B. Hp cht RCHO c th iu ch c t RCH2OH. C. Hp cht hu c c nhm CHO lin kt vi H l anehit. D. Anehit c c tnh kh v tnh oxi ha. Cu 3: S ng phn xeton ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10O l A. 5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 4: Trong cng nghip, axeton iu ch t A. xiclopropan. B. propan1ol. C. propan2ol. D. cumen. Cu 5: Th t gim dn nhit si ca cc cht CH 3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O l A. H2O, CH3CHO, C2H5OH. B. H2O, C2H5OH, CH3CHO. C. CH3CHO, H2O, C2H5OH. D. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O. Ch : - Ancol c t C1 n C3 c ts < ts ca H2O - Ancol t C4 tr i c c ts > ts ca H2O
H 3O KMnO4 ,H 2 O,t Cu 6: Cho s : C6H5CH3 Y. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l X
o +
A. C6H5CHO, C6H5COOH. B. C6H5CH2OK, C6H5CHO. C. C6H5CH2OH, C6H5CHO. D. C6H5COOK, C6H5COOH. Cu 7: C th dng mt cht no trong cc cht di y nhn bit c cc cht: ancol etylic, glixerol, anehit axetic ng trong ba l mt nhn? A. Cu(OH)2/OH-. B. Qu tm. C. Kim loi Na. D. dd AgNO3/NH3. Cu 8: Bng 3 phng trnh phn ng c th iu ch c cao su buna t A. HOCH2CH2OH. B. CH3[CH2]2CHO. C. CH3COOH. D. O=CH[CH2]2CH=O. Cu 9: Mt anehit no X mch h, khng phn nhnh, c cng thc thc nghim l (C 2H3O)n. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. O=CHCH2CH2CHO. B. O=CHCH2CH2CH2CHO. C. O=CHCH(CH3)CH2CHO. D. O=CHCH(CH3)CHO. Cu 10: Cho cc cht sau: CH3CH2CHO (1), CH2=CHCHO (2), (CH3)2CHCHO (3), CH2=CHCH2OH (4). Nhng cht phn ng hon ton vi lng d H2 (Ni, t) cng to ra mt sn phm l A. 2, 3, 4. B. 1, 2, 4. C. 1, 2, 3. D. 1, 3, 4. Cu 11: Cho cc s phn ng sau: H 2SO 4 ,170o C Ni, t o A B + 2H2 B + C; ancol isobutylic.
t t A + CuO D + E + C; D + 4AgNO3 + NH3 F + G + 4Ag A c cng thc cu to l A. (CH3)2C(OH)CHO. B. HOCH2CH(CH3)CHO. C. OHCCH(CH3)CHO. D. CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO. Cu 12: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X mch h to ra b mol CO 2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit A. no, n chc. B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc. C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. D. no, hai chc. Cu 13: Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C 3H6O v c cc tnh cht: X, Z u phn ng vi nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H2 nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhm chc; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH3COOH. X, Y, Z ln lt l A. C2H5CHO, CH2=CHOCH3, (CH3)2CO. B. (CH3)2CO, C2H5CHO, CH2=CHCH2OH. C. C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CHCH2OH. D. CH2=CHCH2OH, C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO. Cu 14: Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit X phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. HCHO. B. CH2=CHCHO. C. O=CHCHO. D. CH3CHO. Cu 15: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi CuO d nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y c t khi hi so vi H2 l 13,75. Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 un nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 7,8. B. 8,8. C. 7,4. D. 9,2. Cu 16: Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Oxi ha hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO un nng thu c hn hp sn phm hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 15,3. B. 13,5. C. 8,1. D. 8,5. Cu 17(H A-2007) : Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO 3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO 3 long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO(sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16) A. CH3CHO. B. HCHO. C. CH3CH2CHO. D. CH2 = CHCHO Cu 18(H A-2007) : Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho Na = 23, Ag = 108) A. HCHO. B. CH3CHO. C. OHC-CHO. D. CH3CH(OH)CHO Cu 19(H A-2007) : Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, l: A. anehit axetic, butin-1, etilen. B. anehit axetic, axetilen, butin-2. C. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin. D. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen. Cu 20(H A-2007) : Cho cc cht: HCN, H2, dung dch KMnO4, dung dch Br2. S cht phn ng c vi (CH3)2CO l A. 2. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3. Cu 21(H B-2007) : t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO 2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c).Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit A. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. B. no, n chc.
o o
C. khng no c hai ni i, n chc. D. no, hai chc. Cu 22(H B-2007) : Khi oxi ha hon ton 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng ng. Cngthc ca anehit l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16) A. C2H5CHO. B. CH3CHO C. HCHO. D. C2H3CHO Cu 23(H B-2007) : Oxi ho 4,48 lt C2H4 ( ktc) bng O2 (xc tc PdCl2, CuCl2), thu c cht X n chc. Ton b lng cht X trn cho tc dng vi HCN (d) th c 7,1 gam CH 3CH(CN)OH (xianohirin). Hiu sut qu trnh to CH3CH(CN)OH t C2H4 l (cho H = 1, C = 12, N = 14, O = 16) A. 50%. B. 60%. C. 70%. D. 80%. Cu 24(H A-2008) : Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d Ag 2O (hoc AgNO3)trong dung dch NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l A. C3H7CHO. B. C4H9CHO. C. HCHO. D. C2H5CHO Cu 25(H A-2008): un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H2 (xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng t Y thu c cht Z; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H2 c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng. Cht X l anehit A. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc. B. no, hai chc. C. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n chc. D. no, n chc. Cu 26(HA-2008): S ng phn xeton ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10O l A. 3. B. 5. C. 6. D. 4. Cu 27(C-2008): Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to thnh l A. 21,6 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 43,2 gam. D. 64,8 gam. Cu 28 (C-2008): t chy hon ton anehit X, thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Nu cho X tc dng vi mt lng d AgNO3 trong NH3, sinh ra s mol Ag gp 4 ln s mol X phn ng. Cng thc ca X l A. HCHO. B. CH3CHO. C. (CHO)2. D. C2H5CHO. Cu 29(C-2008): Cho dy cc cht: HCHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l A. 6. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3. Cu 30(C-2008): Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy nht l xeton Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH3-CHOH-CH3. B. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH. C. CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3. D. CH3-CO-CH3. Cu 31(HB-2008): Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C 3H6O v c cc tnh cht: X, Z u phn ng vi nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H2 nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhm chc; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH3COOH. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. B. C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-O-CH3, (CH3)2CO. C. CH2=CH-CH2OH, C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO. D. (CH3)2CO, C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. Cu 32 (HB-2008): Oxi ha 1,2 gam CH3OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp sn phm X gm HCHO, H2O v CH3OH d. Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ha CH3OH l A. 76,6%. B. 80,0%. C. 65,5%. D. 70,4%. Cu 33(HA-2009): Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H2 i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y th thu c 11,7 gam H 2O v 7,84 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Phn trm theo th tch ca H2 trong X l A. 46,15%. B. 35,00%. C. 53,85%. D. 65,00%. Cu 34(HA-2009): Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip bng mt phn ng to ra anehit axetic l A. CH3COOH, C2H2, C2H4. B. C2H5OH, C2H4, C2H2. C. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOC2H3, C2H2, CH3COOH. Cu 35(HA-2009): Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H 2 d (xc tc Ni, to) th 0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H 2. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l A. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0). B. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0). C. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2). D. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2). Cu 36(HB-2009): t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X, thu c 0,351 gam H2O v 0,4368 lt kh CO2 ktc. Bit X c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim khi un nng. Cht X l A. O=CHCH=O. B. CH2=CHCH2OH. C. CH3COCH3. D. C2H5CHO.
Cu 37(HB-2009): Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng bc. Bit phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y tng ng l A. HOCH2CH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CH2CHO. B. HOCH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CHO. C. HCOOCH3 v HCOOCH2CH3. D. HOCH(CH3)CHO v HOOCCH2CHO. Cu 38(HB-2009): Hiro ha hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l A. 17,8. B. 24,8. C. 10,5. D. 8,8. Cu 39(HB-2009): t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO 2. Cht X tc dng c vi Na, tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2 theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH. B. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO. C. HO-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. D. HO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. Cu 40 (C-2009): Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l A. HCHO v C2H5CHO. B. HCHO v CH3CHO. C. C2H3CHO v C3H5CHO. D. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO. Cu 41 (C-2009): Hiro ha hon ton hn hp M gm hai anehit X v Y no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (MX < MY), thu c hn hp hai ancol c khi lng ln hn khi lng M l 1 gam. t chy hon ton M thu c 30,8 gam CO2. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X ln lt l A. HCHO v 50,56%. B. CH3CHO v 67,16%. C. CH3CHO v 49,44%. D. HCHO v 32,44%. Cu 42(HA-2010): Axeton c iu ch bng cch oxi ho cumen nh oxi, sau thu phn trong dung dch H 2SO4 long. thu c 145 gam axeton th lng cumen cn dng (gi s hiu sut qu trnh iu ch t 75%) l A. 400 gam. B. 600 gam. C. 300 gam. D. 500 gam. Cu 43(HA-2010): Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu c. Gi tr ca m l A. 9,5. B. 10,9. C. 14,3. D. 10,2 Cu 44(HA-2010): Hiro ho cht hu c X thu c (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3. Cht X c tn thay th l A. metyl isopropyl xeton. B. 2-metylbutan-3-on. C. 3-metylbutan-2-ol. D. 3-metylbutan-2-on. Cu 45(HB-2010): Cho hn hp M gm anehit X (no, n chc, mch h) v hirocacbon Y, c tng s mol l 0,2 (s mol ca X nh hn ca Y). t chy hon ton M, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 7,2 gam H2O. Hirocacbon Y l A. C3H6. B. C2H4. C. CH4. D. C2H2. Cu 46(HB-2010): Cho phn ng: 2 C6H5-CHO + KOH C6H5-COOK + C6H5-CH2-OH Phn ng ny chng t C6H5-CHO A. ch th hin tnh oxi ho. B. khng th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ho. C. va th hin tnh oxi ho, va th hin tnh kh. D. ch th hin tnh kh. Cu 47 (C-2010): Oxi ho khng hon ton ancol isopropylic bng CuO nung nng, thu c cht hu c X. Tn gi ca X l A. metyl phenyl xeton. B. metyl vinyl xeton. C. imetyl xeton. D. propanal. Cu 48(HA-2011): t chy hon ton anehit X, thu c th tch kh CO 2 bng th tch hi nc (trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th thu c 0,04 mol Ag. X l A. anehit fomic. B. anehit axetic. C. anehit khng no, mch h, hai chc. D. anehit no, mch h, hai chc. Cu 49(HA-2011): X, Y, Z l cc hp cht mch h, bn c cng cng thc phn t C 3H6O. X tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Y khng tc dng c vi Na nhng c phn ng trng bc. Z khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. CH3-CO- CH3, CH3- CH2-CHO, CH2=CH- CH2-OH. B. CH3- CH2-CHO, CH3-CO- CH3, CH2=CH- CH2-OH. C. CH2=CH- CH2-OH, CH3-CO- CH3, CH3- CH2-CHO. D. CH2=CH- CH2-OH, CH3- CH2-CHO, CH3-CO- CH3. Cu 50(HA-2011): Pht biu no sau y v anehit v xeton l sai? A. Axeton khng phn ng c vi nc brom.
B. Anehit fomic tc dng vi H2O to thnh sn phm khng bn. C. Hiro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm khng bn. D. Axetanehit phn ng c vi nc brom Cu 51(HB-2011): Hn hp M gm mt anehit v mt ankin (c cng s nguyn t cacbon). t chy hon ton x mol hn hp M, thu c 3x mol CO2 v 1,8x mol H2O. Phn trm s mol ca anehit trong hn hp M l A. 50%. B. 40%. C. 30%. D. 20%. Cu 52(HB-2011): hiro ho hon ton 0,025 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit c khi lng 1,64 gam, cn 1,12 lt H 2 (ktc). Mt khc, khi cho cng lng X trn phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 th thu c 8,64 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca hai anehit trong X l A. CH2=C(CH3)-CHO v OHC-CHO. B. OHC-CH2-CHO v OHC-CHO. C. CH2=CH-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO. D. H-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO. Cu 53(HB-2011): Hn hp X gm hai anehit n chc Y v Z (bit phn t khi ca Y nh hn ca Z). Cho 1,89 gam X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 18,36 gam Ag v dung dch E. Cho ton b E tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c 0,784 lt CO 2 (ktc). Tn ca Z l A. anehit axetic. B. anehit acrylic. C. anehit propionic. D. anehit butiric Cu 54(HB-2011): X l hn hp gm H2 v hi ca hai anehit (no, n chc, mch h, phn t u c s nguyn t C nh hn 4), c t khi so vi heli l 4,7. un nng 2 mol X (xc tc Ni), c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi heli l 9,4. Thu ly ton b cc ancol trong Y ri cho tc dng vi Na (d), c V lt H 2 (ktc). Gi tr ln nht ca V l A. 13,44. B. 5,6. C. 11,2. D. 22,4 Cu 55(HA-2012): Hirat ha 5,2 gam axetilen vi xc tc HgSO4 trong mi trng axit, un nng. Cho ton b cc cht hu c sau phn ng vo mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 thu c 44,16 gam kt ta. Hiu sut phn ng hirat ha axetilen l A. 80%. B. 70%. C. 92%. D. 60%. Cu 56(HB-2012): Cho 0,125 mol anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 27 gam Ag. Mt khc, hiro ho hon ton 0,25 mol X cn va 0,5 mol H2. Dy ng ng ca X c cng thc chung l A. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0). B. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2). C. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2). D. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0). Cu 57 (HB-2012): Oxi ha 0,08 mol mt ancol n chc, thu c hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic, mt anehit, ancol d v nc. Ngng t ton b X ri chia lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt cho tc dng ht vi Na d, thu c 0,504 lt kh H2 (ktc). Phn hai cho phn ng trng bc hon ton thu c 9,72 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ancol b oxi ho l A. 50,00%. B. 62,50%. C. 31,25%. D. 40,00%.