Chng 3: NHM CACBON

Nhm cacbon gm nhng nguyn t no? V tr ca chng trong bng tun hon c lin quan nh th no vi cu to nguyn t ca chng? Cc n cht v hp cht ca cacbon, silic c nhng tnh cht c bn no? Gii thch nhng tnh cht nh th no da trn c s l thuyt hc Lm th no iu ch c cacbon, silic, v mt s hp cht quan trng ca chng?

A. Khi qut v nhm cacbon:

I. V tr ca nhm cacbon trong bng tun hon
Nhm cacbon gm c cc nguyn t cacbon (C), silic (Si), gemani (Ge), thic (Sn) v ch (Pb). Chng u thuc nguyn t p.

II. Tnh cht chung ca cc nguyn t nhm cacbon

1. Cu hnh electron nguyn t Lp electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t c 4 electron.

trng thi c bn, nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm cacbon c 2 electron c thn, do trong mt s trng hp chng c th to thnh hai lin kt cng ha tr. Khi c kch thch, mt electron trong cp electron ca phn lp c th c chuyn sang obitan p cn trng ca lp . Khi , nguyn t ca cc nguyn t nhm cacbon c 4 electron c thn, chng c th to thnh 4 lin kt cng ha tr. t c cu hnh electron bn ca kh him, cc nguyn t nguyn t nhm cacbon to nn nhng cp electron chung vi cc nguyn t khc, trong cc hp cht chng c s oxi ha l +4,+2, v c th l -4 ty thuc vo m in ca cc nguyn t lin kt vi chng. 2. S bin i tnh cht ca cc n cht T cacbon n ch, tnh phi kim gim dn, tnh kim loi tng dn. Cacbon v silic l cc nguyn t phi kim, gemani va c tnh kim loi va c tnh phi kim, cn thic v ch l cc kim loi. Trong cng chu k, kh nng kt hp electron ca cacbon km hn nit v ca silic km hn photpho, nn cacbon v silic l nhng phi kim km hot ng hn nit v photpho 3. S bin i tnh cht ca cc hp cht Tt c cc nguyn t nhm cacbon u to c hp cht vi hiro c cng thc chung l cc hp cht hirua ny gim nhanh t Cc nguyn t nhm cacbon to vi oxi 2 loi oxit l +4. l cc oxit axit, cn cc oxit hp cht lng tnh. , trong . bn ca

c s oxi ha tng ng l +2 v

v cc hiroxit tng ng ca chng l cc

Ngoi kh nng to lin kt cng ha tr vi cc nguyn t ca nguyn t khc, cc nguyn t cacbon cn c th lin kt vi nhau to thnh mch. Mch cacbon c th gm hng chc, hng trm nguyn t cacbon ( trong hp cht hu c).

B. Cacbon:
I. Tnh cht vt l

Cacbon to thnh mt s dng th hnh khc nhau v tnh cht vt l + Kim cng l cht tinh th khng mu, trong sut, khng dn in, dn nhit km, c khi lng ring l . Tinh th kim cng thuc loi nguyn t in hnh, trong mi nguyn t cacbon to 4 lin kt cng ha tr bn vi bn nguyn t cacbon ln cn nm trn cc nh ca hnh t din u. Mi nguyn t cacbon nh li lin kt vi 4 nguyn t cacbon khc. di ca lin kt bng 0,154nm. Do cu trc ny nn kim cng l cht cng nht trong tt cc cht. + Than ch l tinh th mu xm en, c nh kim, dn in tt nhng km kim loi. Tinh th than ch c cu trc lp. Trong mt lp, mi nguyn t cacbon lin kt theo kiu cng ha tr vi 3 nguyn t cacbon ln cn nm nh ca mt tam gic u. di ca lin kt bng 0,142nm. Khong cch gia hai nguyn t cacbon thuc hai lp ln cn nhau l 0,34nm. Cc lp lin kt vi nhau bng lc tng tc yu, nn cc lp d tch khi nhau. Khi vch than ch trn giy, n li vch en gm nhiu lp tinh th than ch. + Fuleren gm cc phn t . Phn t c cu trc hnh rng gm 32 mt vi 60 nh l 60 nguyn t cacbon. Fuleren c pht hin nm 1985. Than iu ch nhn to nh than cc, than g, than xng, than mui,... c gi chung l cacbon v nh hnh. Than g, than xng c cu to xp nn chng c kh nng hp th mnh cc cht kh v cht tan trong dung dch

II. Tnh cht ha hc ca cacbon

Trong cc dng tn ti ca cacbon, cacbon v nh hnh hot ng hn c v mt ha hc. Tuy nhin, nhit thng cacbon kh tr, cn khi un nng n phn ng c vi nhiu cht. Trongcc hp cht ca cacbon vi nhng nguyn t c m in ln hn (O,Cl,F,S...), nguyn t cacbon c s oxi ha +2 hoc +4. Cn trong trng hp ca cacbon vi nhng nguyn t c m in nh hn ( hiro, kim loi), nguyn t cacbon c s oxi ha m. Do , trong cc phn ng cacbon th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ha. Tuy nhin, tnh kh vn l tnh cht ch yu ca cacbon. 1. Tnh kh ca cacbon a. Tc dng vi oxi Khi t cacbon trong khng kh, phn ng ta nhiu nhit:

nhit cao, cacbon li kh c

theo phn ng:

Do sn phm khi t cacbon trong khng kh, ngoi kh Cacbon khng tc dng trc tip vi clo, brom v iot b. Tc dng vi hp cht

cn c mt t kh

nhit cao, cacbon c th kh c nhiu oxit, phn ng vi nhiu cht oxi ha khc nh c...:

2. Tnh oxi ha ca cacbon a. Tc dng vi hiro Cacbon phn ng vi hiro nhit cao c cht xc tc, to thnh kh metan:

b. Tc dng vi kim loi nhit cao, cacbon phn ng vi mt s kim loi to thnh cacbua kim loi:

III. ng dng
Kim cng c dng lm trang sc, c dng ch to mi khoan, dao ct thy tinh v bt mi. Than ch c dng lm in cc, lm ni, chn ny chy cc hp kim chu nhit, ch to cht bi trn, lm bt ch en. Than cc c dng lm cht kh trong luyn kim luyn kim loi t qung. Than g c dng ch thuc n, thuc pho, cht hp th. Loi than c kh nng hp th mnh c gi l than hot tnh. Than ny c dng nhiu trong mt n phng c, trong cng nghip ha cht v trong y hc. Than mui c dng lm cht n khi lu ha cao su, sn xut mc in, xi nh giy...

IV. iu ch v trng thi t nhin

1. Trng thi t nhin Trong t nhin, kim cng v than ch l cacbon t do gn nh tinh khit. Ngoi ra, cacbon cn c trong cc khong vt nh canxit ( vi, phn, hoa, chng u cha ), magiezit , olomit v l thnh phn chnh ca cc kim loi than m (than antraxit, than m, than nu, than bn...chng khc nhau v tui a cht v hm lng cacbon). Du m, kh t thin nhin l hn hp ca cc cht khc nhau cha cacbon, ch yu l hirocacbon. C th thc vt v ng vt cha nhiu hp cht ca cacbon. Nc ta c m than antraxit ln Qung Ninh, mt s m than nh Thanh Ha, Ngh An, Qung Nam... 2. iu ch Kim cng nhn to c iu ch t than ch, bng cch nung than ch atmotphe vi cht xc tc l st, crom, hay niken. Than ch nhn to c iu ch bng cch nung than cc Than cc c iu ch bng cch nung than m khong , di p sut 50-100 nghn trong l in, khng c khng kh. trong l cc khng c khng kh.

Than g c to nn khi t chy g trong iu kin thiu khng kh.

Than mui c to nn khi nhit phn metan c xc tc:

Than m c khai thc trc tip t cc va than nm su khc nhau di mt t

C. Hp cht ca cacbon:
I. Cacbon monooxit
1. Cu to phn t trng thi c bn, nguyn t cacbon v nguyn t oxi u c 2 electron c thn phn lp 2p. Do , gia chng c th to thnh 2 lin kt cng ha tr. Ngoi ra, gia hai nguyn t cn hnh thnh mt lin kt cho nhn. Cng thc cu to ca phn t c biu din nh sau: Trong phn t 2. Tnh cht vt l Cacbon monooxit l cht kh khng mu, khng mi, khng v, hi nh hn khng kh, rt t tan trong nc, ha lng , ha rn , rt bn vi nhit v rt c 3. Tnh cht ha hc a. Trong phn t Cacbon monooxit c lin kt 3 ging nit nn tng t vi nit, Cacbon monooxit rt km hot ng nhit thng v tr nn hot ng hn khi un nng. Cacbon monooxit l oxit trung tnh b. Cacbon monooxit l cht kh mnh chy c trong khng kh to thnh c dng lm nhin liu kh. - Khi c than hot tnh lm xc tc, , cho ngn la mu lam nht v ta nhiu nhit. V vy, , cacbon c s oxi ha l +2

kt hp vi Clo theo phn ng: (photgen)

- Kh

c th kh nhiu oxit kim loi nhit cao:

4. iu ch a. Trong cng nghip - Kh c sn xut bng cch cho hi nc i qua than nung :

Hn hp kh to thnh c gi l kh than t, cha trung bnh khong gn 44% nh

, cn li l cc kh khc

- Kh cn c sn xut trong cc l gas bng cch thi khng kh qua than nung . phn di ca l, cacbon chy bin thnh cacbonioxit. Khi i qua than nung , b kh thnh :

Hn hp kh thu c gi l kh l gas (kh than kh). Kh ny cha khong 25% v mt lng nh cc kh khc. Kh than t, kh l gas u c dng lm nhin liu kh b. Trong phng th nghim Cacbon monooxit c iu ch bng cch cho

, ngoi ra cn c

c vo axit fomic HCOOH v un nng:

II. Cacbon ioxit

1. Cu to phn t Cng thc cu to ca Cc lin kt trong phn t phn t khng c cc. 2. Tnh cht vt l l cht kh khng mu, nng gp 1,5 ln khng kh, tan khng nhiu trong nc ( iu kin thng, 1 lt nc ha tan c 1 lt kh ) nhit thng, khi c nn di p sut 60atm, kh s ha lng. l lin kt cng ha tr c cc, nhng do c cu to thng nn l

Khi lnh t ngt , s ha thnh khi rn, trng gi l nc kh. Nc kh khng nng chy m thng hoa, nn c dng to mi trng lnh v kh, rt thun tin cho vic bo qun thc phm. 3. Tnh cht ha hc a. Kh khng chy v khng duy tr s chy ca nhiu cht nn ngi ta dng n dp tt cc m chy. Tuy nhin, kim loi c tnh kh mnh, th d Mg,Al...c th chy c trong kh :

V vy ngi ta khng dng b. Kh

dp tt m chy magie hoc nhm.

l oxit axit, tc dng c vi oxit baz v baz to thnh mui cacbonat. to thnh dung dch axit cacbonic:

Khi tan trong nc, 4. iu ch

a. Trong phng th nghim

Kh

c iu ch bng cch cho dung dch axit clohiric tc dng vi vi:

b. Trong cng nghip Kh c to ra trong qu trnh t chy hon ton than thu nng lng, ngoi ra cn c thu hi trong qu trnh chuyn ha t kh thin nhin, cc sn phm du m... qu trnh nung vi, qu trnh ln men ru t glucoz.

III. Axit cacbonic v mui cacbonat

Axit cacbonic l axit rt yu v km bn, ch tn ti c trong dung dch long, d b phn hy thnh . Trong dung dch, Axit cacbonic phn li theo 2 nc vi cc hng s phn li axit nh sau: v

Axit cacbonic to ra hai mui: mui cacbonat cha in Th d: v mui hirocacbonat cha ion

1. Tnh cht ca mui cacbonat a. Tnh tan Cc mui cacbonat trung ha ca kim loi kim ( tr ), amoni v cc mui hirocacbonat d tan trong nc ( tr hi t tan). Cc mui cacbonat trung ha ca nhng kim loi khc khng tan hoc t tan trong nc b. Tc dng vi axit Cc mui cacbonat tc dng vi dung dch axit, gii phng kh :

c. Tc dng vi dung dch kim Cc mui hirocacbonat d tc dng vi dung dch kim:

d. Phn ng nhit phn Cc mui cacbonat trung ha ca kim loi kim u bn vi nhit. Cc mui cacbonat trung ha ca kim loi khc, cng nh mui hirocacbonat, b nhit phn hy:

2. ng dng ca mt s mui cacbonat Canxi cacbonat nghnh cng nghip tinh khit l cht bt nh, mu trng, c dng lm cht n trong cao su v mt s

Natri cacbonat khan, cn gi l soa khan, l cht bt trng, tan nhiu trong nc. Khi kt tinh t dung dch n tch ra dng tinh th . Soa c dng trong cng nghip thy tinh, gm, bt git... Natri hirocacbonat l cht tinh th mu trng, hi t tan trong nc, c dng trong cng nghip thc phm. Trong y hc, natri hirocacbonat c dng lm thuc gim au d dy do tha axit

D. Silic v hp cht ca silic:

I. Silic
1. Tnh cht vt l Silic c cc dng th hnh: Silic tinh th v silic v nh hnh Silic tinh th c cu trc ging kim cng, mu xm, c nh kim, nng chy . Silic tinh th c tnh bn dn, nhit thng dn in thp nhng khi tng nhit th dn in tng ln. Silic v nh hnh l cht bt mu trng. 2. Tnh cht ha hc Cng ging nh cacbon, silic c cc s oxi ha -4,0,+2,+4; s oxi ha +2 t c trng i vi silic. Silic v nh hnh c kh nng phn ng cao hn silic tinh th.
a. Tnh kh

Tc dng vi phi kim: Silic tc dng vi flo nhit thng, cn khi un nng c th tc dng vi phi kim khc: (silic tetraflorua)

(silic ioxit) Tc dng vi hp cht: Silic tc dng tng i mnh vi dung dch kim, gii phng hiro:

b. Tnh oxi ha nhit cao, silic tc dng vi cc kim loi nh (magie silixua) 3. Trng thi t nhin Silic l nguyn t ph bin th 2 sau oxi, chim gn 29,5% khi lng v tri t. Trong t nhin ch gp silic di dng cc hp cht, ch yu l ct , cc khong vt silicat v aluminosilicat nh : cao lanh ; xecpentin ; fenspat ... Silic cn c trong c th ng vt, thc vt vi lng nh v c vai tr ng k trong hat ng sng ca th gii hu sinh. 4. ng dng v iu ch Silic siu tinh khit l cht bn dn c dng trong k thut v tuyn v in t. Pin mt tri ch to t silic c kh nng chuyn nng lng nh sng mt tri thnh in nng, cung cp cho cc thit b trn tu v tr. Trong luyn kim, hp kim ferosilic c dng ch to thp chu nhit Trong phng th nghim, silic c iu ch bng cch t chy mt hn hp gm bt magie v ct nghin mn: to thnh hp cht silixua kim loi:

Trong cng nghip, silic c sn xut bng cch dng than cc kh silic ioxit trong l in nhit cao:

II. Hp cht ca silic

1. Silic ioxit Silic ioxit l cht dng tinh th, nng chy khng tan trong nc. Tron t nhin, tinh th ch yu dng khong vt thch anh. Thch anh ch yu tn ti dng tinh th ln, khng mu, trong sut. Ct l c cha nhiu tp cht. Silic ioxit l oxit axit, tan chm trong dung dch kim c nng, tan d trong kim nng chy hoc cacbonat kim loi kim nng chy, to thnh silicat

Silic ioxit tan trong axit flohiric:

Da vo phn ng ny ngi ta dng dung dch 2. Axit silixic v mui silicat a. Axit silixic Axit silixic

khc ch v hnh trn thy tinh.

l cht dng keo, khng tan trong nc, khi un nng d mt nc:

Khi sy kh, Axit silixic mt mt phn nc, to thnh mt vt liu xp l silicagen. Silicagen c dng ht m v hp th nhiu cht. Axit silixic l axit rt yu, yu hn c axit cacbonic nn d b kh y ra khi dung dch mu ca n:

b. mui silicat Axit silixic d tan trong dung dch kim, to thnh mui silicat. Ch c silicat kim loi kim tan c trong nc. Dung dch m c ca v c gi l thy tinh lng. Vi hoc g tm thy tinh lng s kh b chy. Thy tinh lng cn c dng ch to keo dn thy tinh v s. trong dung dch, silicat kim loi kim b phn hy mnh to ra mi trng kim:

E. Cng nghip silicat:

I. Thy tinh
1. Thnh phn ha hc v tnh cht ca thy tinh Thy tinh thng thng c dng lm ca knh, chai l,...l hn hp ca natri silicat, canxi silicat v silic ioxit, c thnh phn gn ng vit di dng cc oxit l . Thy tinh loi ny c sn xut bng cch nu chy mt hn hp gm ct trng, vi v soa :

Thy tinh khng c cu trc tinh th m l cht v nh hnh, nn khng c nhit nng chy xc nh. Khi un nng n mm dn ri mi chy, do c th to ra nhng vt v dng c c hnh dng nh mun. 2. Mt s loi thy tinh Ngoi loi thy tinh thng thng nu trn cn c mt s loi thy tinh khc vi thnh phn ha hc v cng dng khc nhau.

- Khi nu thy tinh, nu thay bng th c thy tinh kali c nhit ha mm v nhit nng chy cao hn. Thy tinh kali c dng lm dng c th nghim, lng knh, thu knh..... - Thy tinh cha nhiu ch oxit d nng chy v trong sut gi l thy tinh pha l - Thy tinh thch anh c sn xut bng cch nu chy silic ioxit tinh khit. Loi thy tinh ny c nhit ha mm cao, c h s n nhit rt nh nn khng b nt khi nng lnh t ngt. - Khi cho thm oxit ca mt s kim loi, thy tinh s c mu khc nhau, do to nn cc silicat c mu. Th d: crom III oxit cho thy tinh mu lc, coban oxit cho thy tinh mu xanh nc bin.

II. gm
gm l vt liu c ch to ch yu t t st v cao lanh. Ty theo cng dng ngi ta phn bit gm xy dng, vt liu chu la, gm k thut, v gm dn dng. 1. Gch v ngi Gch v ngi thuc loi gm xy dng. Phi liu sn xut chng gm t st loi thng v mt t ct c nho vi nc thnh khi do, sau to hnh sy kh v nung s c gch v ngi. Sau khi nung, chng thng c mu gy nn bi st oxit trong t st. 2. Gch chu la Gch chu la thng c dng lt l cao, l luyn thp, l thy tinh...C 2 loi l: gch inat v gch samt. Phi liu ch to gch inat gm 93-96% , 4-7% v t st; nhit nung khong . Gch inat chu c nhit khong Phi liu ch to gch samt gm bt samt chn vi t st v nc. Sau khi ng khun v sy kh, vt liu c nung . Bt samt l t st c nung nhit rt cao ri nghin nh. 3. Snh, s v men a. t st sau khi un nng nhit th bin thnh snh. Snh l vt liu cng, g ku, c mu nu hoc xm. c bng v lp bo v khng thm nc, ngi ta to mt lp men mng mt ngoi ca snh. b. S l vt liu cng, xp c mu trng, g ku. Phi liu sn xut s gm cao lanh, fenspat, thch anh v mt s oxit kim loi. s c nung hai ln, ln u , sau trng men v trang tr ri nung ln 2 . S c nhiu loi: s dn dng, s k thut. S k thut c dng ch to cc vt liu cch in, t in, buzi nh la, cc dng c th nghim c. Men c thnh phn chnh ging s, nhng d nng chy hn. Men c ph ln b mt sn phm, sau nung nhit thch hp bin thnh mt lp thy tinh che kn b mt sn phm. Lng gm s Bt Trng, cc nh my s Hi Dng, ng Nai,.. l nhng c s sn xut gm s ni ting.

III. Xi mng
1. Thnh phn ha hc v phong php sn xut a. Xi mng thuc loi vt liu dnh, c dng trong xy dng. Quan trng v thng dng nht l xi mng Pooclng. l cht bt min, mu lc xm, thnh phn chnh gm canxi silicat v canxi aluminat: hoc hoc hoc .

b. Xi mng Pooclng c sn xut bng cch nghin nh vi, trn vi t st c nhiu v mt t qung st bng phng php kh hoc phng php t, ri nung hn hp trong l quay hoc l ng . Sau khi nung, thu c mt hn hp mu xm gi l clanhke. ngui ri nghin clanhke vi mt s cht ph gia thnh bt mn, s c xi mng. 2. Qu trnh ng cng xi mng Trong xy dng, xi mng c trn vi nc thnh khi nho, sau vi gi s bt u ng cng. Qu trnh ng cng ca xi mng ch yu da vo s kt hp ca cc hp cht c trong xi mng vi nc, to nn nhng tinh th hirat an xen vo vi nhau thnh khi cng v bn.

Hin nay ngi ta cn sn xut cc loi xi mng c nhng tnh nng khc nhau: xi mng chu axit, xi mng chu nc bin... nc ta c nhiu nh my xi mng ln nh nh my xi mng Hi Phng, Hong Thch, Bm Sn, Chinfon, Hong Mai, H Tin...

F. Bi tp:
I- T lun: 1- Vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ho theo s sau a) NaHCO3 Na2CO3 b) Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 c) CO2 C CO CO2 CaCO3 Ca(HCO3)2 CO2 d) NH3 NaHCO3 Na2CO3 NaOH NaHCO3 e)Silic dioxit Natri silicat axit silixic Silic dioxit Silic 2- Trong phng TN ngi ta iu ch kh CO2 t vi v axit HCl.Kh CO2 bay ra lun ln hi nc v kh HCl .Lm th no thu c CO2 nguyn cht? 3- a) Vit 6 phng trnh phn ng khc nhau c th iu ch kh CO2. b) Ti sao khi sc kh CO2 vo nc vi trong li thy kt ta trng(dd tr nn c),nhng nu tip tc sc kh CO2 vo dd th kt ta li tan?(dd trong sut). 4- Bng phng php ho hc hy nhn bit cc l mt nhn cha cc kh CO,CO2,SO2,N2,NH3. 5- Hy phn bit cc cht sau a) Bt NaCl,Na2CO3,Na2SO4,BaCO3 (ch dng 1 ho cht v nc) b) Dung dch NaHCO3,NaHSO4,Na2SO4,NH4HCO3,Ba(HCO3)2,Mg(HCO3)2 (ch dng nhit phn v chnh cc ho cht trn). c) Vit phng trnh ho hc(nu c) di dng phn t v ion rt gn khi cho Na2CO3 ln lt tc dng dd BaCl2,dd FeCl3,dd AlCl3,dd HNO3. 6- C 5 bnh mt nhn,mi bnh ng mt trong cc dung dch sau : NaHSO4,KHCO3,Mg(HCO3)2,Na2SO3,Ba(HCO3)2 Trnh by cch nhn bit tng dd ch dng thm cch un nng. 7- Lm th no nhn bit tng kh CO2,CO,H2,H2S trong hn hp ca chng? 8- a) Ch dng mt ho cht phn bit cc dung dch sau Na2CO3,Na2SO4,Na2SiO3,Na2S. b) Khng dng ho cht no khc phn bit cc dd sau NaHCO3,CaCl2,Na2CO3,Ca(HCO3)2 9- Ch c nc v kh CO2 c th phn bit c 5 cht bt trng sau y khng? NaCl,Na2SO4,BaCO3, Na2SO3,BaSO4.Nu c ,hy trnh by cch phn bit. 10- C 4 dd,mi dd ch cha mt ion dng v mt ion m.Tng s cc loi ion trong c 4 dd l 2 Ba2+ ,Cl ,Mg2+ ,Pb2+ ,CO3 ,NO3 ,Na+ ,SO2 4 Bn dd l 4 dd no?Nu cch nhn bit tng dd.

11- Khi cho hn hp KOHv KHCO3 tc dng vi dd HCl d,to thnh 23,35g cht rn khan thu c khi c cn dd sau phn ng v 4,48 lt kh(kc).Xc nh % ca hn hp ban u. 12- Khi nung mt hn hp Na2CO3.10H2O v NaHCO3 thu c 2,24 lt CO2(kc) v 31,8g rn.Xc nh % ca mi mui ban u. 13- Ho tan hon ton 3,5g hn hp gm Na2CO3 v K2CO3 vo nc ri chia dd thnh 2 phn: Phn 1: cho tc dng dd HCl 3,65% cho n khi khng cn kh bay ra th thu c 0,224 lt kh(kc). Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi nc vi trong d,thu c 2g kt ta. Tnh: a) Khi lng dd HCl 3,65% phn ng b) Khi lng mi mui trong hn hp u. 14- Dng kh CO kh 16g Fe2O3 ngi ta thu c sn phm kh.Dn ton b sn phm kh vo 99,12ml dd KOH 20%(D = 1,17g/ml).Hy tnh th tch kh CO dng(kc) v khi lng mui sinh ra. 15- Ho tan a gam hn hp Na2CO3 v KHCO3 vo nc c 400ml dd A.Cho t t vo dd trn 100ml HCl 1,5M,thu c dd B v thot ra 1,008 lt kh(kc).Cho dd B phn ng vi mt lng d Ba(OH)2 thu c 29,55g kt ta.Tnh nng mol/lt ca cc cht trong dd. 16- Sc t t V lt CO2(kc) vo 100ml dd Ba(OH)2 1M,sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c 15,76g kt ta.Lc b kt ta,un nng dd nc lc thu thm c m gam kt ta.Tnh V v m. 17- Dn t t V lt kh CO qua m gam bt oxit ca mt kim loi n phn ng hon ton thu c 3,2g kim loi v hn hp kh.Hn hp kh thu c dn qua dd Ca(OH)2 d thy c 5,0g kt ta v c 2,24 lt kh thot ra.Xc nh oxit kim loi v %CO phn ng(cc kh o kc). 18- Xc nh nng C% ca dd NaHCO3,bit rng khi un nng n khi khng cn kh thot ra thu c dd c nng 5,83%(b qua lng hi nc mt i khi un nng dd). 19- Tin hnh nhit phn hon ton m gam hn hp CaCO3 v MgCO3 thy khi lng phn rn cn li bng na khi lng ban u.Xc nh % khi lng ca hn hp v tnh th tch kh CO2(kc) c th ho tan hon ton 7,04g hn hp trn trong nc. 20- Dn lung kh oxi qua than nng thu c hn hp kh A gm 2 kh c t khi hi so vi H2 l 18 Dn hn hp kh ny t t qua ng s cha 20g CuO un nng.Kh thot ra c dn vo dd Ca(OH)2 d thu c 12g kt ta.em hn hp trong ng s ho tan trng dd HCl d thy c 3,2g rn khng tan Xc nh s mol mi kh trong hn hp A sau khi lm kh. 21- Dn hi nc qua than nng thu c hn hp kh v hi nc,lm kh hn hp thu c 8,96 lt hn hp A(kc).Dn hn hp A qua nc vi trong d thy c 10g kt ta.Xc nh t khi hi ca A so vi H2. 22- Cho rt t t dd cha x mol HCl vo dd cha y mol Na2CO3 thu c dd A.Trong dd A cha nhng ion g? bao nhiu mol?(b qua cc phn ng thu phn) 23- Cho t t dd cha x mol BaCl2 vo dd cha y mol Na2CO3 thu c dd A v kt ta B.Trong dd A cha nhng ion g?bao nhiu mol ? v pH ca dd A l bao nhiu? 24- C 2 dd A v B:dd A cha 0,25mol Na2CO3 v 0,5mol NaHCO3; dd B ca 0,8mol HCl.Gi s tin hnh cc th nghim sau: a) Cho rt t t n ht dd A vo dd B. b) Cho rt t t n ht dd B vo dd A c) Trn nhanh 2 dd A v dd B. Tnh th tch kh CO2 thot ra trong mi trng hp(xem CO2 tan trong nc khng ng k). 25- Cho 0,1 mol FeCl3 tc dng ht vi Na2CO3(dd) d thu c cht kh v kt ta.Ly kt ta em nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn.Xc nh m. 26. Ha tan 9,875 gam mt mui hirocacbonat (mui A) vo nc v cho tc dng vi 1 lng va , ri em c cn th thu c 8,25 gam mt mui sunfat trung ha khan. a) Xc nh cng thc phn t v gi tn mui. b) Trong mt bnh kn dung dch 5,6 lt cha ( , 0,5 atm) v m gam mui A (th tch khng ng k). Nung nng bnh ti thy mui A b phn hy ht v p sut trong bnh t 1,86 atm. Tnh khi lng m. 27. Cho mt th tch khng kh (cha 20% oxi v 80% nit v th tch) cn thit i qua bt than t nng, thu c kh than A ch cha cacbon oxit v nit. Trn kh than ny vi mt lng khng kh gp 2 ln lng cn thit t chy cacbon oxit, ta c hn hp kh B. t chy hn hp kh B, thu c hn hp kh C trong nit chim 79,21% v th tch. 1. Tnh hiu sut phn ng t chy cacbon oxit.

2. Tnh nhit lng to ra khi t chy ton 1 mol cacbon oxit l .

kh B (o ktc), bit rng lng nhit to ra khi t chy hon

3. Tnh % th tch ca cc kh trong hn hp kh C. 4. Tnh t khi ca hn hp kh C so vi kh than A. 28. Cho lt hn hp X gm ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 29. Cho V lt v o thu c v (ktc) i chm qua 5 lt dung dch kt ta. Tnh t khi hi ca hn hp X so vi hiro. hp th hon ton vo kt ta. Tm V lt? dung dch hn hp phn

30. Mt hn hp cacbua nhm khng tinh khit v cho vo nc sinh ra th tch hn hp kh . t chy hon ton th tch hn hp ny cn 1 lng c cng th tch ( cng k ) sn phm thu c cho td vi c d thu c 10g kt ta. Tnh khi lng cacbua nhm v c 10% tp cht. ban u. Bit trong cacbua nhm

II- Cu hi trc nghim: 1- Kim cng v than ch l cc dng: A- ng hnh ca cacbon B- ng v ca cacbon C- th hnh ca cacbon D- ng phn ca cacbon 2- Trong nhm IVA,theo chiu tng ca THN,theo chiu t C n Pb,nhn nh no sau y sai A- m in gim dn B- Tnh phi kim gim dn,tnh kim loi tng dn C- Bn knh nguyn t gim dn D- S oxi ho cao nht l +4 3- Trong nhm IVA,nhng nguyn t no ch th hin tnh kh trng thi n cht: A- C,Si B- Si,Sn C- Sn,Pb D- C,Pb 4- Trong cc phn ng no sau y,phn ng no sai t0 COCl2 A- 3CO + Fe2O3 B- CO + Cl 2 3CO2 + 2Fe
t t B- 3CO + Al 2O3 D- 2CO + O2 3CO2 + 2Fe 2CO2 5- Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO2(kc)vo dd nc vi trong c cha 0,25 mol Ca(OH)2.Sn phm mui thu c sau phn ng gm: A- Ch c CaCO3 B- Ch c Ca(HCO3)2 C- C CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2 D- Khng c c 2 cht CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2 6- Hp th hon ton V lt CO2(kc) vo dd nc vi trong c cha 0,05 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c 2g kt ta.Gi tr ca V l: A- 0,448 lt B- 1,792 lt C- 1,680 lt D- A hoc B ng 7- Cho dy bin i ho hc sau: CaCO3 CaO Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 CO2 iu nhn nh no sau y ng: A- C 2 phn ng oxi ho- kh B- C 3 phn ng oxi ho- kh C- C 1 phn ng oxi ho- kh D- Khong c phn ng oxi ho- kh 8- Trong phn t CO2,nguyn t C trng thi lai ho A- sp B- sp2 C- sp3 D- Khng trng thi lai ho. 9- Kh CO2 iu ch trong phng TN thng ln kh HCl. loi b HCl ra khi hn hp,ta dng A- Dung dch NaHCO3 bo ho B- Dung dch Na2CO3 bo ho C- Dung dch NaOH c D- Dung dch H2SO4 c 10- phng nhim c CO,l kh khng mu,khng mi,rt c ngi ta dng cht hp th l A- ng(II) oxit v mangan oxit B- ng(II) oxit v magie oxit C- ng(II) oxit v than hot tnh D- than hot tnh 11- Cho 2,44g hn hp NaCO3 v K2CO3 tc dng hon ton vi dd BaCl2 2M.Sau phn ng thu c 3,94g kt ta.Th tch dd BaCl2 2M ti thiu l A- 0,01 lt B- 0,02 lt C- 0,015 lt D- 0,03 lt
0 0

12- Cho 2,44g hn hp NaCO3 v K2CO3 tc dng hon ton vi dd BaCl2.Sau phn ng thu c3,94g kt ta.Lc tch kt ta,c cn dd nc lc thu c m gam mui clorua.Gi tr ca m l: A- 2,66g B- 22,6g C- 26,6g D- 6,26g 13- Nhn nh no sau y v mui cacbonat l ng: Tt c mui cacbonat u A- tan trong nc B- b nhit phn to ra oxit kim loi v cacbon dioxit C- b nhit phn tr mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim D- khng tan trong nc 14- Cho m gam hn hp mui cacbonat tc dng ht vi dd HCl thu c 6,72 lt kh CO2(kc) v 32,3g mui clorua.Gi tr ca m l: A- 27g B- 28g C- 29g D- 30g 15- Cho 3,45g hn hp mui natri cacbonat v kali cacbonat tc dng ht vi dd HCl thu c V lt CO2 (kc) v 3,12g mui clorua.Gi tr ca V l : A- 6,72 lt B- 3,36 lt C- 0,67 lt D- 0,672 lt 16- Hin tng xy ra khi trn dd Na2CO3 vi dd FeCl3 l A- Xut hin kt ta mu nu B- C bt kh thot ra khi dd C- Xut hin kt ta mu lc nht D- A v B ng 17- (TSH-A/07) Cho t t dd cha a mol HCl vo dd cha b mol Na2CO3 ng thi khuy u,thu c V lt kh(kc) v dd X.Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dd X thy c xut hin kt ta.Biu thc lin h gia V vi a v b l : A- V = 22,4(a-b) B- V = 11,2(a-b) C- V = 11,2(a+b) D- V = 22,4(a+b) 18- (TSH-A/07)Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO2(kc) vo 2,5 lt dd Ba(OH)2 nng a mol/lt,thu c 15,76g kt ta .Gi tr ca a l A- 0,032 B- 0.048 C- 0,06 D- 0,04 19- Trong cc phn ng ho hc sau y,phn ng no sai A- SiO2 + 4HF SiF4 + 2H2O B- SiO2 + 4HCl SiCl 4 + 2H2O
t t C- SiO2 + 2C D- SiO2 + 2Mg Si + 2CO Si + 2MgO 20- Mt hn hp kh gm CO v N2 c t khi so vi H2 l 14.Nu thm 20% th tch kh N2 vo hn hp th t khi so vi H2 ca hn hp mi s thay i nh th no? A- Khng thay i B- Gim C- Tng D- Khng xc nh 21- kh hon ton hn hp FeO,CuO cn 4,48 lt H2(kc).Nu cng kh hon ton hn hp bng CO th lng CO2 thu c khi cho qua dd nc vi trong d to ra bao nhiu gam kt ta? A- 1,0g B- 2,0g C- 20g D- 10g 22- Hp th hon ton a mol kh CO2 vo dd cha b mol Ca(OH)2 th thu c hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2.Quan h gia a v b l A- a>b B- a<b C- b<a<2b D- a = b 23- S hnh thnh thch nh trong cc hang ng vi l nh phn ng ho hc no sau y? A- CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 B- Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 +2NaOH t C- CaCO3 D- Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O CaO + CO2 24- Rt t t nc vo cc cho sn m gam Na2CO3.10H2O cho 100ml.Khuy u cho mui tan ht thu c dd c nng 0,1M.Gi tr ca m l A- 6,28g B- 2,68g C- 28,6g D- 2,86g 25- Cn thm t nht bao nhiu mililt dd Na2CO3 0,15M vo 25ml dd Al2(SO4)3 0,02M lm kt ta hon ton ion nhm A- 15ml B- 10ml C- 30ml D- 12ml 26- Tnh kh ca C th hin phn ng no sau y t0 t0 A- CaO + 3C B- C + 2H2 CaC2 + CO CH4
0 0 0

t t C- C + CO2 D- 4Al + 3C 2CO Al 4C3 27- Tnh oxi ho v tnh kh ca cacbon cng th hin phn ng no sau y t0 t0 A- CaO + 3C B- C + 2H2 CaC2 + CO CH4 t t C- C + CO2 D- 4Al + 3C 2CO Al 4C3 28- iu no sau y khng ng cho phn ng ca CO vi kh O2? A- Phn ng thu nhit B- Phn ng to nhit C- Phn ng km theo s gim th tch D- Phn ng khng xy ra k thng
0 0

29- Khi un nng dd canxi hidrocacbonat th c kt ta xut hin.Tng cc h s trong phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng l A- 4 B- 5 C- 6 D- 7 30- C 3 mui dng bt NaHCO3,Na2CO3 v CaCO3.Chn ho cht thch hp nhn bit mi cht A- Qu tm B- Phenolphtalein C- Nc v qu tm D- Axit HCl v qu tm 31- Thnh phn chnh ca kh than t l A- CO,CO2,H2,N2 B- CH4,CO,CO2,N2 C- CO,CO2,H2,NO2 D- CO,CO2,NH3,N2 32- Cp cht no sau y khng tn ti trong cng mt dd: A- NaHCO3v BaCl 2 B- Na2CO3v BaCl 2 C- NaHCO3v NaCl D- NaHCO3v CaCl 2 33- Phn ng no sau y khng xy ra t0 t0 A- CaCO3 B- MgCO3 CaO + CO2 MgO + CO2
t t C- 2NaHCO3 D- Na2CO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O Na2O + CO2 34- Nung 26,8g hn hp CaCO3 v MgCO3 n khi lng khng i thu c a gam cht rn v 6,72 lt kh CO2(kc).Gi tr ca a l A- 16,3g B- 13,6g C- 1,36g D- 1,63g 35- Mt hn hp X gm MCO3 v RCO3.Phn % khi lng ca M trong MCO3 l 200/7% v ca R trong RCO3 l 40%.MCO3 v RCO3 l: A- MgCO3 v CaCO3 B- MgCO3 v CuCO3 C- CaCO3 v BaCO3 D- Kt qu khc 36- Cho 10ml dd mui canxi tc dng vi dd Na2CO3(d) thu c kt ta.Lc ly kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i c 0,28g cht rn.Nng mol/lt ca ion Ca2+ trong dd u l A- 0,45M B- 0,5M C- 0,65M D- 0,55M 37- Kh 32g Fe2O3 bng kh CO d,sn phm kh thu c cho vo bnh ng nc vi trong d thu c a gam kt ta.Gi tr ca a l A- 60g B- 50g C- 40g D- 30g 38- Cho 0,15mol hn hp NaHCO3 v MgCO3 tc dng ht vi dd HCl.Kh thot ra c dn vo dd Ca(OH)2 d thu c b gam kt ta.Gi tr ca b l A- 5g B- 15g C- 25g D- 35g 39- Ch dng thm thuc th no nhn bit 3 l mt mhn cha cc dung dch H2SO4,BaCl2,Na2CO3. A- Qu tm B- dd AgNO3 C- dd N2CO3 D- Tt c u sai 40- Cho 1,84g hn hp 2 mui gm XCO3 v YCO3 tc dng ht vi dd HCl thu c 0,672 lt CO2 (kc) v dd X.Khi lng mui trong dd X l A- 1,17g B- 2,17g C- 3,17g D- 2,71g 41- Cho 7g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr II tc dng vi dd HCl thy thot ra V lt kh (kc).Dung dch c cn thu c 9,2g mui khan.Gi tr ca V l A- 4,48 lt B- 3,48 lt C- 4,84 lt D- Kt qu khc 42- Cho 2,24 lt kh CO2 (kc) tc dng va vi 200ml dd Ca(OH)2 sinh ra cht kt ta trng.Nng mol/lt ca dd Ca(OH)2 l A- 0,55M B- 0,5M C- 0,45M D- 0,65M 43- Cho 0,53g mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr I tc dng vi dd HCl cho 112mlkh CO2(kc).Cng thc ca mui l A- Na2CO3 B- NaHCO3 C- KHCO3 D- K2CO3 44- Khi nung hn hp CaCO3 v MgCO3 th khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng ch bng mt na khi lng ban u.Thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp u l A- 27,41% v 72,59% B- 28,41% v 71,59% C- 28% v 72% D- Kt qu khc 45- Cho 38,2g hn hp Na2CO3 v K2CO3 vo dd HCl.Dn lng kh sinh ra qua nc vi trong d thu c 30g kt ta.Khi lng mi mui trong hn hp l A- 12,6g v 25,6g B- 11,6g v 26,6g C- 10,6g v 27,6g D- 9,6g v 28,6g 46- Nung hn hp 2 mui CaCO3 v MgCO3 thu c 76g hai oxit v 33,6 lt CO2(kc).Khi lng hn hp mui ban u l A- 142g B- 141g C- 140g D- 124g 47- Cho bt than d vo hn hp 2 oxit Fe2O3 v CuO un nng phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2g hn hp kim loi v 2,24 lt kh(kc).Khi lng hn hp 2 oxit ban u l
0 0

A- 4,48g B- 5,3g C- 5,4g D- 5,2g 48- C 7 cht bt l NaCl,BaCO3,Na2CO3,Na2S,BaSO4,MgCO3,Na2SiO3.Ch dng thm mt dd no di y l c ht phn bit cc mui trn? A- dd NaOH B- dd BaCl2 C- dd HCl D- dd AgNO3 49- Hn hp X gm st v oxit st c khi lng 5,92g.Cho kh CO d i qua hn hp X un nng.Kh sinh ra sau phn ng cho tc dng vi Ca(OH)2 d c 9g kt ta.Khi lng st thu c l A- 4,48g B- 3,48g C- 4,84g D- 5,48g 50- Cn thm t nht bao nhiu ml dd Na2CO3 0,15M vo 25ml dd Al2(SO4)3 0,02M lm kt ta ht ion nhm? A- 15ml B- 10ml C- 30ml D- 12ml 51- Cacbon phn ng vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y? c,KClO3 A- Na2O,NaOH,HCl B- Al,HNO3 C- Ba(OH)2,Na2CO3,CaCO3 D- NH4Cl,KOH,AgNO3 52- Si phn ng vi tc c cc cht trong dy no sau y A- CuSO4,SiO2,H2SO4lo ng B- F2,Mg,NaOH C- HCl,Fe(NO3)3,CH3COOH D- Na2SiO3,Na3PO4,NaCl 53- Mt hp cht to bi 2 nguyn t C v O.Bit t l v khi lng ca C v O l mC : mO = 3:8.T l s nguyn t C v O trong phn t l A- 1:1 B- 2:1 C- 1:2 D- 1:3 54- Hp cht A c 42,6% C v 57,4% O v khi lng.T l s nguyn t C v O trong phn t A l A- 1:1 B- 1:2 C- 2:1 D- 1:3 55- Hp cht B c 27,8% C v 72,2% O v khi lng.T l s nguyn t C v O trong phn t cht B l A- 1:1 B- 1:2 C- 2:1 D- 1:3 56- Mt cht kh c t khi so vi H2 l 14.Phn t c 85,7% C v khi lng,cn li l H.T l s nguyn t C v H trong phn t l A- 1:1 B- 1:2 C- 2:3 D- 2:4 57- Cho bt than d vo hn hp 2 oxit Fe2O3 v CuO un nng phn ng hon ton,thu c 4g hn hp kim loi v 1,68 lt kh (kc).Khi lng hn hp hai oxit ban u l A- 5g B- 5,1g C- 5,2g D- 5,3g 58- T 1 lt hn hp kh CO v CO2 c th iu ch ti a bao nhiu lt CO2? A- 1 lt B- 1,5 lt C- 0,8 lt D- 2 lt 59- phn bit CO2 v SO2 c th dng A- dd Ca(OH)2 B- dd Br2 C- dd NaOH D- dd KNO3 60- Cho kh CO kh hon ton hn hp gm FeO,Fe2O3,Fe3O4 thy c 4,48 lt kh thot ra(kc).Th tch kh CO(kc) tham gia phn ng l A- 1,12 lt B- 2,24 lt C- 3,36 lt D- 4,48 lt 61- (TNPT-07) Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh SO2(kc) vo dd cha 16g NaOH thu c dd X.Khi lng mui tan trong dd X l A- 20,8g B- 18,9g C- 23g D- 25,2g 62- Sc V(l) CO2(kc) vo 150ml dd Ba(OH)2 1M,sau phn ng thu c 19,7g kt ta.Gi tr ca V l A- 2,24 lt ; 4,48 lt B- 2,24 lt ; 3,36 lt C- 3,36 lt ; 2,24 lt D- 22,4lt ; 3,36 lt 63- Kh hon ton 4g hn hp CuO v PbO bng kh CO nhit cao.Kh sinh ra sau phn ng c dn vo bnh ng ddCa(OH)2 d thu c 10g kt ta.Khi lng hn hp Cu v Pb thu c l A- 2,3g B- 2,4g C- 3,2g D- 2,5g 64- Cho 4 cht rn NaCl,Na2CO3,CaCO3,BaSO4.Ch dng thm mt cp cht no di y nhn bit A- H2O v CO2 B- H2O v NaOH C- H2O v HCl D- H2O v BaCl2 65- Kh hon ton 24g hn hp CuO v Fe2O3 c t l mol 1:1 bng kh CO,phn trm khi lng ca CuO v Fe2O3 trong hn hp ln lt l A- 33,33% v 66,67% B- 66,67% v 33,33% C- 40,33% v 59,67% D- 59,67% v 40,33% 66- Cho kh CO kh hon ton hn hp Fe2O3 v CuO thu c hn hp kim loi v kh CO2.Nu s mol CO2 to ra t Fe2O3 v CuO c t l l 3:2 th % khi lng ca Fe2O3 v CuO trong hn hp l A- 60% v 40% B- 50% v 50% C- 40% v 60% D- 30% v 70% 67- Kh CO khng kh c oxit no di y A- CuO B- CaO C- PbO D- ZnO 68- Cacbon phn ng c vi nhm cht no sau y

 c,H2SO4 c c,H2SO4 c A- Fe2O3,Ca,CO2,H2,HNO3 B- CO2,Al 2O3,Ca,CaO,HNO3 c c,H2SO4 c,CaO C- Fe2O3,MgO,CO2,HNO3,H2SO4 D- CO2,H2O,HNO3 69- Dn lung kh CO qua hn hp Al 2O3,CuO,MgO,Fe2O3 (nng) sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn l A- Al 2O3,Cu,MgO,Fe B- Al,Fe,Cu,Mg C- Al 2O3,Cu,Mg,Fe D- Al 2O3,Fe2O3,Cu,MgO 70- Axit HCN (axit cianic) c kh nhiu v ca c sn v n l cht cc c. trnh hin tng b say khi n sn,ngi ta lm nh sau A- Cho thm nc vi vo ri luc trung ho HCN B- Ra sch v ri luc,khi si m np xoong khong 5 pht C- Tch b v ri luc D- Tch b v ri luc,khi si m np vung khong 5 pht 71- Dung dch mui X lm qu tm ho xanh,dd mui Y khng lm i mu qu tm.Trn X v Y thy c kt ta.X v Y l cp cht no sau y A- NaOH v K2SO4 B- NaOH v FeCl3 C- Na2CO3 v BaCl2 D- K2CO3 v NaCl 72- C cc cht rn mu trng,ng trong cc l ring bit mt nhn CaCO3,Na2CO3,NaNO3.Nu ch dng qu tm v nc th c th nhn bit A- 1 cht B- 2 cht C- 3 cht D- Khng nhn c 73- tch CO2 ra khi hn hp vi HCl v hi nc,c th cho hn hp ln lt qua cc bnh ng A- NaOH v H2SO4 c B- Na2CO3 v P2O5 C-H2SO4 c v KOH D- NaHCO3 v P2O5 2+ 2+ 2+ + + 74- Mt dd c cha cc ion sau Ba ,Ca ,Mg ,Na ,H ,Cl . tch c nhiu cation ra khi dd m khng a thm ion mi vo dd th ta c th cho dd tc dng vi dd no sau y A- dd Na2SO4 va B-dd Na2CO3 va C- dd K2CO3 va D-dd NaOH va 75- Nhit phn hon ton hn hp BaCO3,MgCO3,Al2O3 c rn X v kh Y.Ho tan rn X vo nc thu c kt ta E v dd Z.Sc kh Y d vo dd Z thy xut hin kt ta F,ho tan E vo dd NaOH d thy tan mt phn c dd G. a) Cht rn X gm A- BaO,MgO,A2O3 B- BaCO3,MgO,Al2O3 C- BaCO3,MgCO3,Al D- Ba,Mg,Al b) Kh Y l A- CO2 v O2 B- CO2 C- O2 D- CO c)Dung dch Z cha A- Ba(OH)2 B- Ba(AlO2)2 C- Ba(OH)2 v Ba(AlO2)2 D- Ba(OH)2 v MgCO3 d) Kt ta F l A- BaCO3 B- MgCO3 C- Al(OH)3 D- BaCO3 v MgCO3 e) Trong dd G cha A- NaOH B- NaOH v NaAlO2 C- NaAlO2 D- Ba(OH)2 v NaOH 76- Cho t t dd Na2CO3 n d vo dd HCl,dung dch thu c c pH l A- 7 B- < 7 C- > 7 D- Khng xc nh 77- Dung dch X cha a mol NaHCO3 v b mol Na2CO3.Thc hin cc th ngim sau TN1: cho (a+b)mol CaCl2. TN2: cho (a+b) mol Ca(OH)2 vo dd X Khi lng kt ta thu c trong 2 TN l A- Bng nhau B- TN1 < TN2 C- TN1 > TN2 D- Khng so snh c 78- Khi cho t t dd Fe(NO3)3 vo dd Na2CO3 un nng. a) Hin tng xy ra l A-Ch c kt ta B-Ch c si bt kh C-Va c kt ta va c bt kh D- Khng c hin tng g b) Cht kt ta l A- Fe2 (CO3 )3 B- Fe(OH)3 C- Fe2O3 D- khng c cht no c 79- C 5 l mt nhn ng 5 cht bt mu trng:NaCl,Na2CO3,Na2SO4,BaCO3,BaSO4.Ch dng nc v kh CO2 th c th nhn c my cht A- 2 B- 3 C- 4 D- 5 80- Hp th hon ton x lt CO2(kc) vo 2 lt dd Ca(OH)2 0.01M th thu c 1g kt ta.Gi tr ca x l A- 0,224 lt v 0,672 lt B- 0.224 lt v 0,336 lt C- 0,24 lt v 0,67 lt D- 0,42 lt v 0,762 lt 81- Dn 10 lt hn hp kh gm N2 v CO2(kc) sc vo 2 lt dd Ca(OH)2 0,02M thu c 1g kt ta. Tnh % theo th tch CO2 trong hn hp kh A- 2,24% v 15,68% B- 2,4% v 15,68% C- 2,24% v 15,86% D- 2,8% v 16,68% 82- Cho 16,8 lt hn hp X gm CO v CO2(kc) c khi lng l 27g,dn hn hp X qua than nng

thu c V lt kh Y.Dn kh Y qua ng ng 160g CuO(nung nng)th thu c m gam rn. a) S mol CO v CO2 ln lt l A- 0,0375 v 0,0375 B- 0,25 v 0,5 C- 0,5 v 0,25 D- 0,375 v 0,375 b) V c gi tr l A- 1,68 B- 16,8 C- 25,2 D- 2,8 c)Gi tr ca m l A- 70 B- 72 C- 142 D- Kt qu khc 83- Nung 4g hn hp X gm CuO v FeO vi cacbon d trong iu kin khng c khng kh v phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 1,12 lt (kc) hn hp kh Y gm CO v CO2 v cht rn Z.Dn Y qua bnh ng nc vi trong d th thu c 0,5g kt ta. a) Khi lng ca Z l A- 3,12g B- 3,21g C- 3g D- 3,6g b)Khi lng CuO v FeO ln lt l A- 0,4g v 3,6g B- 3,6g v 0,4g C- 0,8g v 3,2g D- 1,2g v 2,8g 84- Nung 3,2g hn hp gm CuO v Fe2O3 vi cacbon trong iu kin khng c khng kh v phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,672 lt (kc) hn hp kh CO v CO2 c t khi so vi hidro l 19,33.Thnh phn% theo khi lng ca CuO v Fe2O3 trong hn hp u l A- 50% v 50% B- 66,66% v 33,34% C- 40% v 60% D- 65% v 35% 85- Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m(g) Fe2O3 nung nng,mt thi gian thu c 13,92g cht rn X gm Fe,Fe3O4,FeO v Fe2O3.Cho X tc dng vi dd HNO3 c nng thu c 5,824 lt NO2 (kc). a) Th tch kh CO dng(kc) A- 3.2 lt B- 2,912 lt C- 2,6 lt D- 2,5 lt b) m c gi tr l A- 16 B- 15 C- 14 D- 17 86- Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng ng m(g) Fe2O3 nung nng.Sau mt thi gian thu c44,46g hn hp X gm Fe3O4,FeO,Fe,Fe2O3 d.Cho X tc dng ht vi dd HNO3 long thu c 3,136 lt NO(kc) duy nht. a)Th tch CO dng(kc) A- 4,5lt B- 4,704 lt C- 5,04 lt D- 36,36 lt b) m c gi tr l A- 45 B- 47 C- 47,82 D- 47,46 lt 87- Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng ng 10g Fe2O3 nung nng.Sau mt thi gian thu c m(g) hn hp X gm 3 oxit st.Cho X tc dng ht vi dd HNO3 0,5M(va ) thu c dd Y v 1,12 lt NO(kc) duy nht. a)Th tch CO dng(kc) l A- 1,68 B- 2,24 C- 1,12 D- 3,36 b) m c gi tr l A- 7,5g B- 8,8 C- 9 D- 7 c) Th tch dd HNO3 dng l A- 0,75 lt B- 0,85 lt C- 0,95 lt D- 1 lt 88- Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m(g) Fe2O3 nung nng.Sau mt thi gian thu c 6,96g hn hp rn X,cho X tc dng ht vi dd HNO3 0,1M va thu c dd Y v 2,24 lt hn hp kh Z gm NO v NO2 c t khi so vi hidro l 21,8. a) Hp th ht kh sau khi nung vo nc vi trong d th thu c kt ta c khi lng l A- 5,5g B- 6g C- 6,5g D- 7g b) m c gi tr l A- 8g B- 7,5g C- 7g D- 8,5g c) Th tch dd HNO3 dng A- 4 lt B- 1 lt C- 1,5 lt D- 2 lt d)Nng mol/lt ca dd Y l A- 0,1 B- 0,06 C- 0,025 D- 0,05 e) C cn dd Y th thu c bao nhiu gam mui? A- 24g B- 24,2g C- 25g D- 30g 89- Thi mt lung kh CO qua ng s ng m(g) hn hp gm CuO,Fe2O3,FeO,Al2O3,nung nng kh thot ra thu c sc vo nc vi trong d th c 15g kt ta to thnh.Sau phn ng cht rn trong ng s c khi lng l 215g. m c gi tr l A- 217,4g B- 217,2g C- 230g D- Khng xc nh

90- Cho 112ml kh CO2 (kc) b hp th hon ton bi 200ml dd Ca(OH)2 ta thu c 0.1g kt ta.Nng mol/lt ca dd nc vi l A- 0,05M B- 0,005M C- 0,015M D- 0,02M 91- Sc V lt CO2(kc) vo 100ml dd Ba(OH)2 c pH = 14 to thnh 3,94g kt ta.V c gi tr l A- 0,448 lt B- 1,792 lt C- 0,75 lt D- A hoc B 92- Sc 1,12 lt CO2(kc) vo 200ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,2M khi lng kt ta thu c l A- 78,8g B- 98,5g C- 5,91g D- 19,7g 93- Sc V lt CO2(kc) vo 100ml dd Ca(OH)2 2M thu c 10g kt ta.V c gi tr l A- 2,24 lt B- 6,72 lt C- 2,24 lt hoc 6,72 lt D-2,24 lt hoc 4,48 lt 94- Sc V lt CO2(kc) vo dd Ba(OH)2 thu c 9,85g kt ta.Lc b kt ta ri cho dd H2SO4 d vo nc lc thu thm 1,65g kt ta na.Gi tr ca V l A- 11,2 lt v 2,24lt B- 3,36 lt C-3,36 lt v 1,12 lt D-1,12 lt v 1,437 lt 95- Sc V lt CO2 (kc) vo 200ml dd hn hp KOH 0,5M v Ba(OH)2 0,375M thu c 11,82g kt ta. Gi tr ca V l A- 1,344l lt B- 4,256 lt C- 1,344l lt hoc 4,256 lt D- 8,512 lt 96- Cho 5,6 lt CO2(kc) i qua 164ml dd NaOH 20%(d = 1,22g/ml) thu c dd X.C cn dd X th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn: A- 26,5g B- 15,5g C- 46,5g D- 31g 97- Sc 2,24 lt CO2 vo 400ml dd A cha NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)2 0,01M thu c kt ta c khi lng A- 10g B- 0,4g C- 4g D- Kt qu khc 98- Hp th ht V lt CO2(kc) vo 500ml dd Ca(OH)2 1M thy c 25g kt ta.Gi tr ca V l A- 5,6 lt B- 16,8 lt C- 11,2 lt D-5,6 lt hoc 16,8 lt 99- Cho 0,2688 lt CO2(kc) hp th hon ton bi 200ml dd NaOH 0,1M v Ca(OH)2 0,001M.Tng khi lng cc mui thu c l A- 2,16g B- 1,06g C- 1,26g D- 2,004g 100- Cho 115g hn hp ACO3,B2CO3,R2CO3 tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 0,896 lt CO2(kc).C cn dd sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng A-120g B- 115,44g C- 110g D- 116,22g 101- Cho 37,95g hn hp hai mui MgCO3 v RCO3 vo 100ml dd H2SO4 long thy c 1,12 lt CO2(kc) thot ra,dd A v cht rn B.C cn dd A thu c 4g mui khan.Nung cht rn B n khi lng khng i th thu c rn B1 v 4,48 lt CO2(kc).Bit trong hn hp u c t l nRCO3 : nMgCO3 = 3: 2. a)Nng mol/lt ca dd H2SO4 l A- 0,2M B- 0,1M C- 0,5M D- 1M b) Khi lng cht rn B l A- 30,36g B- 38,75g C- 42,75g D- 40,95g c) Khi lng cht rn B1 l A- 30,95g B- 21,56g C- 33,15g D- 32,45g d) Nguyn t R l A- Ca B- Sr C- Zn D- Ba 102- Cho 4,55g hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip tc dng ht vi dd HCl 1M va thu c 1,12 lt CO2(kc). a) Hai kim loi l A- Li,Na B- Na,K C- K,Rb D- Rb,Cs b) Th tch dd HCl dng A- 0,05 lt B- 0,1 lt C- 0,2 lt D- 0,15 lt 103- Cho 20g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ho tri II v III vo dd HCl 0,5M thu c dd A v 1,344ml kh(kc).C cn dd A thu c m gam mui khan. a) Th tch dd HCl dng A- 0,12 lt B- 0,24 lt C- 0,2 lt D- 0,3 lt b) Gi tr ca m l A- 10,33g B- 20,66g C- 25,32g D- 30g 0 104- Cho V lt kh CO2( 54,6 C v 2,4atm) hp th hon ton vo 200ml dd hn hp KOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,75M thu c 23,64g kt ta.V c gi tr A- 1,343 lt B- 4,25 lt C- 1,343 v 4,25 lt D- p n khc

105- t chy hon ton 1,6g lu hunh ri cho an phm chy hp th hon ton vo 200ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,5M.Khi lng kt ta thu c l A- 10,85g B- 16,725g C- 21,7g D- 32,55g

III. Trc nghim:

1. Chn cng thc cu to ng ca A. C. 2. Hp th hon ton V lt dch cha 0,2 mol ta. Gi tr ca V l: A. 2,24 lt C. 6,72 lt B. D. (dkc) vo dung thu c 10 gam kt A. B. 4,48 lt D. A v C u ng tnh C. v than hot B. D. Than hot tnh : B. Dn hn hp qua dung dch C. Dn hn hp qua dung dch D. Dn hn hp qua dung dch 6. phng chng b nhim c dng mt n vi cht hp ph l: , ngi ta s d

3. Cacbon phn ng c vi nhm cc cht no sau y: A. B. C. D. 4. C cc s liu thc nghim sau: _ Cho 22,4 lt hn hp A gm hai kh i qua than nng (khng c mt khng kh) thu c kh B c th tch hn th tch A l 5,6 lt _ Dn B i qua dung dch canxi hidroxit th thu c dung dch cha 20,25g Cc th tch kh o c iu kin tiu chun. Thnh phn phn trm (v th tch) ca mi kh trong hn hp A l: A. 25% v 75% C. 50% v 50% B. 33,33% v 66,67% D. 20% v 80%

7. Phng trnh no gii thch s to thnh thch nh trong hang ng? A. C. B. D.

8. Kh cacbonic chim t l 0,03% th tch trong khng kh. cung cp cho phn ng quang hp to ra 40,5 gam tinh bt (gi s phn ng hon ton) th s lt khng kh (ktc) cn dng l: A. 112.000 C. 118.000 B. 115.000 D. 120.000

9. Hn hp X gm 3 ruu n chc A, B, C trong B v C l 2 ru ng phn. t chy hon ton 0.08mol hn hp X th thu c 3.6gam v 3.136lit . Bit s mol A gp 3 ln tng s mol ca B v C. CTPT ca cc ru trong hn hp X l : A. C. B. D.

5. C th tinh ch ra khi hn hp bng cch: A. Dn hn hp qua dung dch

10. Cho kh CO2 vo mt bnh kn cha Al(OH)3.

A. C phn ng xy ra v to mui .

B. C to lc u, sau vi CO2 c d s thu c Al(HCO3)3. C. Khng c phn ng xy ra. D. Lc u to Al2(CO3)3, nhng khng bn, n t phn hy to Al(OH)3 v CO2 11. sn xut thp t gang ngi ta c th loi b bt C nh p: Mun to bt 180 Kg cacbon cn bao nhiu Kg

A. 500 kg C. 800 kg 12. Khi nhn xt v kh sau y l sai ?

B. 600 kg D. 1000 kg iu khng nh no

A. Cht kh khng mu, khng mi nng hn khng kh. B. Cht kh ch yu gy ra hiu ng nh knh. C. Cht kh khng c, nhng khng duy tr s sng, s chy. D. Cht kh dng cha chy, nht l cc m chy kim loi 13. xc nh hm lng C trong 1 mu gang ngi ta nung 10g mu gang trong thy to ra 0,672 lt .Phn trm C trong mu gang l A. 3,6% C. 0,48% B. 0,36% D. 4%

14. Dung dich A cha NaOH 1M v .Sc vo 400ml dd A , ta thu c mt kt ta c khi lng l: A. 10g C. 4g B. 1,5g D. Tt c u sai

15. em nung 1,50 gam mt mui cacbonat mt kim loi cho n khi lng khng i, thu c 268,8 cm3 cacbon ioxit (ktc). Kim loi trong mui cacbonat trn l: A. Ca C. Ni B. Mn D. Zn

16. Ngi ta dn d kh CO i qua 16g bt oxit st .Sau dn sn phm kh i qua dung dch nc vi trong d ,thu c 30g kt ta .Xc nh cng thc oxit st 17. Ha tan vo nc 7,14g hn hp mui cacbonat v hidrocacbonat ca kim loi cesi .Sau cho thm vo dung dch 1 lng axit HCl d ngi ta thu c 0,672 lt kh (kc).Xc nh thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi mui trong hn hp u ? 18. Mt loi cha , v ,khi lng ca nhm axit bng 1/8 khi lng cc mui cacbonat .em nung nhit cao ( ) ta thu c cht rn c khi lng 6/10 khi lng trc khi nung .Tnh thnh phn % ca trong . 19. Cho t t dung dch nhn thy: A. C kh thot ra v c kt ta to thnh C. C kt ta to thnh vo dung dch

C. Kh cacbonic tan t trong nc to axit rt yu lm cho nc c mi trng axit yu D. Kh cacbonic c tnh oxi ho khi tc dng vi cc cht kh mnh nh cacbon, Mg kim loi 23. Cho 32g oxit st tc dng hon ton vi kh cacbon oxit th thu c 22,4 g cht rn .Cng thc oxit st l: A. C. B. D. Khng xc nh c

24. A l mt nguyn t c 6e lp ngoi, rt ph bin trong ng vt v thc vt. A to hai hp cht vi oxi, trong c mt hp cht chy c, mt hp cht khng chy c. A l nguyn t no ? A. C C. P B. S D. N

B. C kh thot ra D. To thnh dung dch ng nht

25. Mt loi vi cha 80% , phn cn li l tp cht tr. Nung m gam mt thi gian thu c cht rn nng 0,78m gam. Hiu sut phn hu bng : A. 62,5% C. 65% B. 58,8% D. 78%

20. Cho cc cht ,thch anh,nc kh. Nhng cht tc dng vi dung dch axit s l nhng cht no trong 4 cht ? Cht m A. C. 21. Nhit phn a gam mui kh . Cho ton b lng dd khng kh c l : B. D. , to ra 1.5lit trn vo 400ml

26. Dung dch nc ca mui A lm qu tm i mu xanh, cn dung dch nc ca mui B khng lm i mu qu tm. Trn ln dung dch ca 2 mui th li xut hin kt ta. A v B c th l: A. NaOH v . C. . v B. . D. . v v

0.1M to ra b gam kt ta. Thm n d vo dd sau phn ng th to thm c gam kt ta. Bit rng tron iu kin th nghim, khng kh c khi lng ring l 1.45 gam\lit. Tnh cc gi tr a , b v c 22. iu khng nh no sau y vi kh sai: l

27. Trong cc loi my iu ha trc kia, ta thy chng thng sinh ra mt loi kh rt nguy him c kh nng lm tng nhanh qu trnh thng tng ozon. l kh g ? A. CFC B. CSC D.

A. Kh cacbonic c trong kh quyn gy ra ma axit ( pH ca nc ma < 4) B. Kh cacbonic khng duy tr s sng v s chy

C.

28. Kh X khi cho phn ng vi oxi nhit cao, ri cho sn phm chy sc qua nc vi trong thy

c vn c. Nu sc kh X vo dung dch th thy c kh bay ra v xut hin kt ta mu . Kh X l A. CO C. B. D.

34. Hp cht A c 42,6% C v 57,4% O v khi lng .t l s nguyn t ca O v C trong phn t cht A l: A. 1:1 C. 2:1 B. 1:2 D. 1:3

29. Cho 0,53g mui cacbonat (X) ca kim loi ho tr I tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 112ml kh (kc) .Tm cng thc phn t ca mui (X) A. C. B. D.

35. Mui ny c tn gi l "bt nh", thng c dng lm ph gia (cao su, dc phm, kem nh rng...). Tn ca mui ny l : A. Natri carbonat C. Kali carbonat E. Tt c u sai 36. Kh g lm v kh ha hc trong cuc i chin tranh, c iu ch t hai kh khc , gy ngt th rt nhanh v suy tim : A. C. E. 37. Cho V lt kh (ktc), hp th hon ton B. D. NOCl B. Liti carbonat D. Canxi carbonat

30. Cho 7g hn hp 2 mu cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr II tc dng vi dung dch HCl ,thu c V lt kh kc v dung dch (X) .C cn dung dch (X) thu c 9,2g mui khan .Hi V c gi tr bng bao nhiu? A. 2,24l C. 4,48l B. 3,36l D. 6,72l

31. Kh 32g bng kh CO d un nhit cao .Dn sn phm sinh ra vo bnh ng nc vi trong d ,thu c a gam kt ta .Hi a c gi tr bao nhiu? A. 57,3g C. 59g B. 58,2g D. 60g

bi 2 lt dung dch 0,0225M thy c 2,955g kt ta. Th tch V c gi tr no: A. 0,336 lt v 1,68 lt C. 0,436 lt hay 1,68 lt lt B. 0,168 lt hay 0,84 lt D. 0,336 lt hay 2,68

32. Photgen l mt loi kh c c s dng lm v kh ho hc trong chin tranh th gii th nht. Photgen c iu ch t: A. CO v C. P v B. D. v v

38. Kh mt oxit st bng CO nhit cao, phn ng xong ngi ta thu c 0,84g Fe v 448ml (o ktc). Cng thc phn t oxit st l cng thc no sau y: A. FeO C. B. D. Khng xc nh c

33. mt cht c t khi so vi l 14.phn t c 85,7% v khi lng cn li l H.T l s nguyn t C v H trong phn t l: A. 1:1 C. 2:3 B. 1:2 D. 3:4

39. Cho V lt kh CO qua ng s ng 5,8g oxit st nng mt thi gian th thu uc hn hp kh X v cht rn Y. Cho Y tc dng vi axit long c dung dch Z v 0,784 lt kh NO. Oxit st c cng thc phn t l: A. B. FeO

C.

D. Khng xc nh c

40. Hy chn cu ng trong cc cu sau y: A. S l vt liu cng, xp, khng mu, g ku. B. Snh l vt liu cng, g khng ku, c mu nu hoc xm C. Xi mng l vt liu khng kt dnh D. Thu tinh, snh, s, xi mng u cha mt s mui silicat trong thnh phn ca chng 41. Mt nguyn t R c ho tr trong oxit bc cao nht bng ho tr trong hp cht kh vi hiro, phn t khi oxit ny bng 1,875 ln phn t khi hp cht kh vi hiro. R l nguyn t no sau y: A. C C. S B. Si D. N

45. 1,84g hn hp hai mui v tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 0,672 lt (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui trong dung dch X l: A. 2,17g C. 4,17g B. 3,17g D. A, B, C u sai.

46. Cho canxi cacbua phn ng vi nc ri dn kh sinh ra sc qua dung dch M gm thu c hn hp X gm 2 cht kh. Cho hn hp X phn ng vi dung dch trong amoniac d th thu c 11,04g hn hp rn Y. Hiu sut phn ng cng nc ca cht kh vo dung dch M l bao nhiu (trong cc s di y)? A. 79% C. 85% B. 80% D. A, B, C u sai.

42. Cho 0,53g mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr I tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thot ra 112ml kh (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca mui l cng thc no sau y: A. C. B. D.

47. Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8 gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23). A. 4,2 gam B. 6,5 gam D. 6,3 gam

43. Cho 7g hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca kim loi ho tr II tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy thot ra x lt kh ktc. Dung dch thu c em c cn thy c 9,2g mui khan. Th tch x l gi tr no sau y: A. 4,48 lt C. 2,28 lt B. 3,48 lt D. 1,28 lt

C. 5,8 gam

48. Cho t t dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na2CO3 ng thi khuy u, thu c V lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V vi a, b l: A. V = 11,2(a + b) B. V = 11,2(a b) D. V = 22,4(a + b)

44. Hp th ton b 2,24 lt kh ( ktc) vo 100ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. Dung dch thu c cha nhng mui no? A. C. B. v

C. V = 22,4(a b)

49. Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng a mol/l, thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l (cho C = 12, O = 16, Ba = 137) A. 0,048 C. 0,032 B. 0,06 D. 0,04

D. Phn ng khng to mui

50. Nhit phn hon ton hn hp ri cho ton b kh thot ra (kh

A) hp th va ht bng dung dch thu c kt ta B v dung dch C. Hi A, B, C ln lt l nhng cht g? Chn mt p n di y A. C. B. D.

55. Cng nghip silicat l ngnh cng nghip ch bin cc hp cht ca silic. Ngnh sn xut no di y khng thuc v cng nghip silicat? A. sn xut gm (gch, ngi, snh, s) B. sn xut xi mng C. sn xut thu tinh D. sn xut thu tinh hu c 56. Silic ioxit ( ) tan chm trong dung dch kim c, nng, tan d trong dung dch kim nng chy to thnh silicat. l oxit g? A. oxit axit C. oxit baz B. oxit trung tnh D. oxit lng tnh

51. Hiu ng nh knh l hin tng tri t ang m dn ln, do cc bc x c bc sng di trong vng hng ngoi b gi li m khng bc x ra ngoi v tr. Kh no di y l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra hiu ng nh knh? A. C. B. D.

57. Xt cc mui cacbonat, nhn nh no di y l ng? A. Tt c cc mui cacbonat u tan tt trong nc B. Tt c cc mui cacbonat u b nhit phn to ra oxit kim loi v cacbon ioxit C. Tt c cc mui cacbonat u b nhit phn, tr mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim D. Tt c cc mui cacbonat u khng tan trong nc 58. khng chy v khng duy tr s chy ca nhiu cht nn c dng dp tt cc m chy. Tuy nhin, khng dng dp tt m chy no di y? A. m chy do xng, du B. m chy nh ca, qun o

52. Kim cng v than ch l cc dng th hnh ca nguyn t cacbon nhng li c nhiu tnh cht khc nhau nh cng, kh nng dn in, chng c tnh cht khc nhau l do A. chng c thnh phn nguyn t cu to khc nhau B. kim cng l kim loi cn than ch l phi kim C. chng c kin trc cu to khc nhau D. kim cng cng cn than ch th mm 53. d tan trong dung dch kim to mui silicat, ch c silicat kim loi kim tan c trong nc, dung dch m c ca nhng cht no di y c gi l thu tinh lng?

C. m chy do magie D. m chy do kh hoc nhm ga 59. Lin kt gia cacbon vi oxi trong l lin kt cng ho tr c cc, c cu to thng, phn t khng c cc. Cng thc cu to ca phn t l A. O C = O B. O \longrightarrow C = O D. O = C = O trong thnh B. Cacnalit D. Xierit

A. C.

B. D.

54. c th khc ch v hnh trn thu tinh ngi ta dng dung dch no di y? A. dung dch C. dung dch B. dung dch D. dung dch

C. O C O

60. Cht no di y cha phn ho hc? A. lmit C. Pirit

61. Nc kh khng nng chy m thng hoa nn c dng to mi trng lnh v kh rt tin cho vic bo qun thc phm. Nc kh l A. C. rn rn B. D. rn rn

63. Kim cng c s dng lm trang sc, mi khoan, dao ct, thu tinh v bt mi v kim cng l cht cng nht trong tt c cc cht. C tnh cht trn l mt phn l do tinh th kim cng thuc loi tinh th A. ion in hnh C. kim loi in hnh B. nguyn t in hnh D. phn t in hnh

62. Chn phng trnh ho hc vit ng trong cc phng trnh di y A. B. C. D.

64. T C n Pb kh nng thu thm electron t n cu hnh electron bn ca kh him l A. gim dn C. tng dn B. khng bin i D. khng xc nh c