THPT Nng Cng Tit s 1

GV:L Thanh Quyt

ESTE LIPIT
I. MC TIU 1. Kin thc - Bit c im cu to ca este, cht bo v ng dng ca cht bo - Hiu tnh cht ca este, cht bo. 2. K nng Vn dng cc kin thc gii thch cc hin tng lin quan n i sng. II. CHUN B - H thng cc bi tp nhm cng c kin thc. - n tp cc kin thc c lin quan. III. PHNG PHP: Tho lun, gii thch , nu vn .. VI. TIN TRNH DY HC 1. n nh lp v kim tra s s (1 pht). 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng. 3. Bi mi Hot ng ca GV v HS Hot ng 1 (10 pht) Gv: Nu cu hi: th no l este? Cht bo? Cng thc phn t v c im cu to ca chng? Hs: Tho lun v trnh by kin. Gv: Nhn xt kin ca Hs, v sa cha b sung (nu cn). Ni dung A. KIN THC CN NM VNG 1. Khi nim - Este: khi thay nhm OH ca nhm cacboxyl trong phn t axit cacboxylic bng nhm OR ta c hp cht este. - c im cu to: Trong phn t este ca axit cacboxylic c nhm COOR, vi R l gc hirocacbon. - Este no, n chc mch h c cng thc phn t CnH2nO2 (n 2). - Cht bo l trieste ca axit bo c mch cacbon di vi glixerol. 2. Tnh cht ha hc * Phn ng thy phn ( xc tc axit)
t ,H 2SO4 RCOOH + ROH RCOOR + H2O t ,H 2SO4 3RCOOH + C3H5(OH)3 (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3 H2O * Phn ng x phng ha: t0 RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH t (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3 NaOH 3RCOONa + C3H5(OH)3
0 0 0

Gv: Nu tnh cht ha hc c trng ca este, cht bo. Vit phng trnh ha hc minh ha? Hs: - Tnh cht ha hc c trung ca este: phn ng thy phn. Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca cht bo: phn ng thy phn, phn ng hiro ha cht bo lng.

Hot ng 2 (32 pht) Gv: Giao bi tp 1 cho Hs, yu cu

* Phn ng hiro ha cht bo lng: t 0 ,Ni (C17H33COO)3C3H5 + 3H2 (C17H35COO)3C3H5 II. BI TP Bi tp 1: Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc este mch h c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 v C4H6O2. Trong s este no c iu ch trc tip t phn ng gia axit v ancol tng ng. HD gii 1

THPT Nng Cng

Hs gii Hs: Tho lun, gii v trnh by bi gii. Gv: Cng Hs khc nhn xt, bi gii v sa cha, b sung.

GV:L Thanh Quyt

- C 4 este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2. Cc este ny u c iu ch trc tip t axit v ancol tng ng. - C 5 este c cng thc phn t C4H6O2. Trong c 2 este c iu ch trc tip t axit v ancol tng ng. (Vit cng thc cu to ca cc este) Bi tp 2 a) Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch metyl metacrylat t axit metacrylic v metanol. b) Trng hp este trn s thu c thy tinh hu c (plecxiglas) nh, rt bn v trong sut. Vit phng trnh phn ng trng hp. HD gii
2 4 a) CH2 = C(CH3) COOH + CH3OH CH2 = C(CH3) COOCH3 + H2O xt , t 0 , P b) n CH2 = C(CH3) COOCH3 CH3

Gv: Giao bi tp 2 cho Hs, gi Hs ln bng gii. bi tp. Hs: Chun b, gii bi tp. Gv: Cng vi Hs khc nhn xt v sa cha, kt lun.

H SO , t 0

( CH2 C )n COOCH3 Bi tp 3: Mt loi m cha 50% olein (glixerol trioleat), 30% panmitin (tc glixerol tri panmitat) v 20% stearin ( glixerol tristearat). Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch x phng t loi m nu trn. Tnh khi lng x phng v khi lng glixerol thu c t lng m nu trn. HD gii
t C3H5(OOCC17H33)3 +3NaOH C3H8O3+3C17H33COONa (1)
0

Gv: Giao bi tp 3 cho Hs, yu cu Hs gii. Hs: Tho lun v tin hnh gii bi tp 3. Gv: Nhn xt, sa cha.

884

92

304 Natri oleat

t C3H5(OOCC17H31)3 +3NaOH C3H8O3+3C17H31COONa (2)

806

92

278 Natri panmitat

306 Natri stearat Trong 100kg m c 50kg olein, 30kg panmitin v 20kg stearin. - Khi lng glixerol to thnh cc phn ng (1), (2), (3) 92.50 92.30 92.20 + + =10,68 kg 884 806 890 - khi lng x phng sinh ra cc phn ng trn: 3.304.50 3.278.30 3.306.20 + + =103,24 kg 884 806 890 4.Cng c (2 pht): Gv nhc li cc kin thc: c im cu to, tnh cht ha hc ca este v cht bo. Dn d: Yu cu Hs v xem li bi v gii li cc bi tp. Rt kinh nghim

t C3H5(OOCC17H35)3 +3NaOH C3H8O3+3C17H35COONa (3)

890

92

THPT Nng Cng Tit s 2

GV:L Thanh Quyt

ESTE LIPIT (tip)

I. MC TIU 1. Kin thc - Bit c im cu to ca este, cht bo v ng dng ca cht bo - Hiu tnh cht ca este, cht bo. 2. K nng Vn dng cc kin thc gii thch cc hin tng lin quan n i sng. II. CHUN B - H thng cc bi tp nhm cng c kin thc. - n tp cc kin thc c lin quan. III. PHNG PHP: Tho lun, gii thch , nu vn .. IV. TIN TRNH DY HC 1. n nh lp v kim tra s s (1 pht). 2. Kim tra bi c: Khng. 3. Bi mi Hot ng ca GV v HS Hot ng 1 (42 pht) Gv: Giao bi tp 1 cho Hs, hng dn Hs phn tch u bi gii. Hs: Phn tch, gii bi tp. Gv: Nhn xt, sa cha. Ni dung bi II. BI TP Bi tp 1: Cht thm P thuc loi este c cng thc phn t C8H8O2 . Cht P khng c iu ch t phn ng ca axit v ancol tng ng, ng thi khng c kh nng phn ng trng bc. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca P l. A. C6H5COO-CH3 B. CH3COO-C6H5 C. HCOO-CH2C6H5 D. HCOOC6H4-CH3 HD gii Chn p n B Bi tp 2: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C3H6O2, c phn ng Gv: Giao bi tp 2 cho Hs, hng trng bc vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac, cng thc cu to dn Hs phn tch u bi gii. ca este l Hs: Phn tch, gii v trnh by bi A. HCOOC2H5 B. HCOOC3H7 gii. C. CH3COOCH3 D. C2H5COOCH3 Gv: Cng Hs nhn xt, sa cha. HD gii Chn p n A Bi tp 3: C 3 este: etyl fomat, etyl axetat, vinyl axetat. Dy ha Gv: Giao bi tp 3 cho Hs, hng cht no sau y c th nhn bit 3 este trn? dn Hs phn tch tm ra cch A. Qu tm, AgNO3/NH3 B. NaOH, dung dch Br2 phn bit cc este cho. C. H2SO4, AgNO3/NH3 D. H2SO4, dung dch Br2 Hs: Phn tch gii v trnh by bi HD gii gii. Chn p n C Gv: Nhn xt, sa cha. Bi tp 4: Hn hp ancol n chc v axit n chc b este ha Gv: Giao bi tp 4 cho Hs, hng hon ton thu c 1g este. t chy hon ton 0.11g este ny th dn Hs phng php xc nh cng thu c 0,22g CO2, v 0,09 gam H2O. Vy cng thc phn t thc phn t ca este Hs gii ca ancol v axit l 3

THPT Nng Cng

bi tp. Hs: Phn tch, gii bi tp v trnh by bi gii.. Gv: Nhn xt, sa cha. A. CH4O v C2H4O2 C. C2H6O v CH2O2

GV:L Thanh Quyt

B. C2H6O v C2H4O2 D. C2H6O v C3H6O2

Gv: Giao bi tp 1 cho Hs hng dn Hs phn tch u bi gii. Hs: Phn tch, gii bi tp v trnh by bi gii. Gv: Nhn xt, sa cha, b sung phng php iu ch axit v ancol t hirocacbon tng ng.

Bi tp 5: Este A c cng thc phn t C2H4O2. Hy: a) Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch este t axit v ancol tng ng. b) Tnh khi lng axit cn dng iu ch c 60g este A, nu gi s hiu xut t 60%. c) Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch axit v ancol nu trn t hirocacbon no tng ng (c cng s nguyn t C). HD gii a) Este A c cng thc cu to HCOOCH3, l este ca axit fomic v ancol metylic
2 4 HCOOH + CH3OH HCOOCH3 + H2O 46 60 b) Khi lng axit fomic tnh theo phng trnh phn ng: 46.90 mHCOOH = =69 g 60 Hiu sut phn ng t 60% nn thc t khi lng axit phi dng: 69.100 =115g 60 c) Phng trnh phn ng iu ch axit v ancol trn: a.s CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl

H SO , t 0

t CH3Cl + NaOH CH3OH + NaCl t0 CH3OH + CuO HCH=O + H2O + Cu t HCH=O + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O HCOONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag (C th oxi ha ancol ancol metylic bng cht oxi ha mng nh: K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 to ra axit fomic. t0 CH3OH HCOOH + H2O)
0

Hot ng 2 (2 pht) 4. Cng c: Gv nhc li cch xc nh cng thc cu to da vo tnh cht ha hc ca cc cht, thit lp cng thc phn t da vo khi lng ca cc sn phm nh: CO2, H2O Dn d: Yu cu HS v xem li cc bi tp v hc bi. RT KINH NGHIM. 4

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Tit s 3

CACBOHIRAT
I. MC TIU - Cng c kin thc v cacbohirat v rn luyn k nng gii bi tp trc nghim II. CHUN B GV: bi tp v cu hi gi HS: n tp ni dung kin thc lin quan III. PHNG PHP: Tho lun, gii thch , nu vn .. IV. TIN TRNH BI DY. 1.n nh 2. Kim tra bi. 3. Bi mi.

Hot ng ca thy v tr
H 1:13p GV: t chc cho HS tho lun cng c li kin thc c bn HS: tho lun

Ni dung
A. L THUYET CAN NH: 1. Cau tao a) Glucoz va frutoz (C6H12O6) - Phan t glucoz co cong thc cau tao thu gon dang mach h la : CH2OH CHOH CHOH CHOH CHOH CH = O Hoac viet gon la : CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO -Phan t Fructoz (C6H12O6) dang mach h la mot polihiroxi xeton, co cong thc cau tao thu gon la : CH2OH CHOH CHOH CHOH C -CH2OH
O

Hoac viet gon la :

CH2OH[CHOH]3COCH2OH

un nong trong moi trng kiem no chuyen thanh glucoz theo can bang sau : OH Fructoz Glucoz b) Saccaroz (C12H22O11 ) Trong phan t khong co nhom CHO c) Tinh bot (C6H10O5)n Amiloz : polisaccaric khong phan nhanh, do cac mat xch - glucoz Amolopectin : polisaccaric phan nhanh, do cac mat xch - glucoz noi vi nhau, phan nhanh d) Xenluloz (C6H10O5)n Polisaccaric khong phan nhanh, do cac mat xch glucoz noi vi nhau
-

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

2. Tnh chat hoa hoc (xem bang tong ket SGK)
1.un nng 25g dung dch glucoz vi lng Ag2O/dung dch NH3 d, thu c 4,32 g bc. Nng % ca dung dch glucoz l : A. 11,4 % a: D B. 12,4 % C. 13,4 % D. 14,4 %

H 2:23p Gv: t chc Hs tho lun tr li cu hi sau HS: tho lun chn p n ng

2.Hm lng glucoz trong mu ngi khng i v bng bao nhiu phn trm ? A. 0,1% a: A B. 1% C. 0,01% D. 0,001%

3. Thuc th no sau y c th phn bit c dung dch saccaroz v dung dch glucoz. A. Dung dch H2SO4 long B. Dung dch NaOH D. Tt c cc dung C. Dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac dch trn a: C A. H2 (xc tc Ni, t0) ammoniac C. Cu(OH)2 a: C A. Cu(OH)2/NaOH C. H2O (xc tc enzim) B. Dung

Saccaroz c th tc dng vi cht no sau y ? dch AgNO3 trong

D. Tt c cc cht trn

4. Saccaroz tc dng c cht no sau y ? B. AgNO 3/NH3 D. A v C

a: D 5.Saccaroz v glucoz u c A.phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3,un nng B. phn ng vi dd NaCl C. phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to thnh dd xanh lam D. phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit a: C 6.Cacbohidrat l A.Hp cht a chc,c CT chung l Cn(H2O)m B.Hp cht tp chc,c CT chung l Cn(H2O)m C.Hp cht cha nhiu nhm hidroxyl v nhm cacbonyl D.Hp cht ch c ngun gc thc vt a: B 4.Cng c- dn d (5p) GV cho HS 1 s cu hi trc nghim yu cu HS v nh t gii Cu 1: Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh ancol etylic vi hiu sut 81%. Ton b lng CO2 sinh ra c hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2, thu c 550 gam kt ta v dung dch X. un k dung dch X thu c 100 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l A. 550. B. 810. C. 750. D. 650. Cu 2 Cacbohirat ch cha hai gc glucoz trong phn t l A.saccaroz. B. tinh bt. C.mantoz. D. xenluloz. 6

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Cu 3: Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ng

Tit s 4

CACBOHIRAT (tt)
I. MC TIU - Cng c kin thc v rn luyn k nng gii bi tp . II. CHUN B GV: bi tp v cu hi gi HS: n tp ni dung kin thc lin quan III. PHNG PHP: Tho lun, gii thch , nu vn .. IV. TIN TRNH. 1.n nh 2. Kim tra bi 3. Bi mi

Hot ng ca thy v tr
Hot ng 1: 7p GV? Tnh cht ha hc glucoz? HS: TL

Ni dung
Ni dung kin thc (SGK)

Hot ng 2: 20 p GV: t chc HS tho lun gii bi tp HS: tho lun GV: sa sai ( nu cn)

BT1: Thy phn 324 g tinh bt vi hiu sut phn ng l 75%, Xc nh khi lng glucoz to thnh? Gii: PTP thy phn tinh bt (C6 H10O5 ) n + nH 2O nC6 H12O6 162g 180g 324g 360g Hiu sut phn ng 75% nn khi lng glucoz thu c l:360.75% = 270 gam BT2: Khhi thy phn 360 g glucoz vi hiu sut 100%, Xc nh khi lng ancoletylic to thnh Gii: PTP 7

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

men C6 H12O6 2C2 H 5OH + 2CO2

T pt s mol ancol= 2 ln s mol glucoz =2*360/180 = 4 mol Khi lng ancol thu c l: 4*46= 184 gam

BT 3: Cho dd cha 3,6 g glucoz phn ng ht vi AgNO3 trong dd NH3, un nng. Hi sau ph ng thhu c bao nhiu gam Ag? Gii: Da vo pthh S mol Ag =2 lnS mol glucoz = 2*3,6/180 =0,04 mol khi lng Ag thu c l: 0,04 *108 = 4,32 gam BT4: Cho m gam hn hp gm glucoz v fructoz tc dng vi lng d Ag2O trong dung dch NH3 to ra 6,48gam Ag. Cng m gam hn hp ny tc dng ht vi 1,20 gam Br2 trong dung dch. Phn trm s mol ca glucoz trong hn hp l: A. 25% B. 50% C. 12,5% D. 40% BT5: T tinh bt v cc cht v c, kp coi nh c . Hy vit cc ptp iu ch: a) Nha PE, PVC. b) Cao su bu na. BT6: Bng phng php ha hc hy phn bit cc dd sau cha trong cc l ring bit mt nhn: Glucoz, axetanehit, glixeol, etanol. Vit ptp ha hc xy ra.

Hot ng 3: 10 p Cho hs tho lun 3p => yu cu 1 hs ln bng vit s v cc ptp. HS khc nhn xt => GV nh gi v sa sai cho HS. Hot ng 4: 5 p Cho hs tho lun 3p => yu cu 1 hs ln bng vit s v cc ptp. HS khc nhn xt => GV nh gi v sa sai cho HS.

Hot ng 5: 2 p Bi tp v nh

BT1 : Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh ancol etylic vi hiu sut 81%. Ton b lng CO2 sinh ra hp th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH)2, thu c 55gam kt ta v dung dch X. un k dung dch X thu thm c 10 gam kt ta na. Gi tr ca m l: A. 55 B. 81 C. 83,33 D. 36,11 BT2 :T m kg nho chn cha 40% ng nho, sn xut c 1000lit ru vang 200. Bit khi lng ring ca C2H5OH l 0,8 gam/ml v hao ph 10% lng ng. Gi tr ca m l: 8

THPT Nng Cng

A. 860,75kg C. 8607,5 kg

GV:L Thanh Quyt

B. 8700,00kg D. 8690,56kg

4. cng c- dn d V nh gii cc bt vo v v lm thm bt sch bi tp RT KINH NGHIM.

Tit s 5

TNG HP V CACBOHIRAT
I.MC TIU - Cng c kin thc v rn luyn k nng gii bi tp l thuyt v tnh ton. II. CHUN B GV: bi tp v cu hi gi HS: n tp ni dung kin thc lin quan III.PHNG PHP: Tho lun, gii thch , nu vn .. IV. TIN TRNH. 1.n nh 2. Kim tra bi. 3. Bi mi.

Hot ng ca thy v tr
H 1: 6p GV: t chc HS tho lun gii bi tp HS: tho lun GV: sa sai ( nu cn)

Ni dung
BT1: cho 50ml dd glucoz cha r nng tc dng vi 1 lng d AgNO3 trong dd NH3 , thu c 2,16 g kt ta bc. Xc nh nng mol ca dd glucoz Gii: Da vo ptp S mol glucoz = s mol Ag= 0,01 mol CM( C6 H12O6 ) = 0,01/0,05 =0,2 M

H 2: 8p GV: t chc HS tho lun gii bi tp HS: tho lun GV: sa sai ( nu cn) BT 2: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t xululoz v axit nitric c c xc tc axit sufuric c, nng. c 29,7 kg xenluloz trinitrat cn dng bao nhiu kg axit nitric ?( hiu sut p 90%). 9

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Gii: Ptp: [ C6 H 7O2 (ONO2 )3 ] n + 3nH 2O (1) [ C6 H 7O2 (OH )3 ] n + 3nHNO3 Da vo pt : nHNO3 = 3n[ C6 H7O2 ( OH )3 ] =
n

29, 7 = 0,1mol 297

H 3: 10p GV: t chc HS tho lun gii bi tp HS: tho lun GV: sa sai ( nu cn)

H 4 : 7p GV: t chc HS tho lun gii bi tp HS: tho lun GV: sa sai ( nu cn)

V hiu sut p l 90% nn khi lng ca HNO3 cn dng l: 100 m = 0,1*63* = 21kg 90 BT3: Cho 360 g glucoz ln men thnh ancol etylic( gi s ch xy ra phn ng to thnh ancol etylic) v cho tt c kh cacbonic thot ra hp th vo dd NaOH d th thu c 318 g Na2CO3. Tiinh1 hiu sut ca phn ng? Gii: men C6 H12O6 2C2 H 5OH + 2CO2 (1) CO2 + 2 NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O (2) Theo (1) v (2) S mol C6 H12O6 = s mol Na2CO3 = 318/2*106 = 1,5 mol Khi lng glucoz = 1,5 * 180 = 270 gam Hiu sut p ln men l: 270/360 * 100% = 75% BT 4 Ch dng mt thuc th, hy phn bit 3 dd : ru n - propylic, Glyxerol, Glucoz ng trong 3 l mt nhn. Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng xy ra. BT 4 Dung dch saccaroz khng cho phn ng trng gng nhng khi ung nng vi vi git axit H2SO4 th dd thu c li cho phnt ng trng gng. Hy gii thch v vit ptp.

H 4 : 4p Hs chp bi tp v nh.

Bi tp v nh
BT 1 Vit phng trnh ho hc ca cc phn ng theo s chuyn ho sau y: Saccaroz Glucoz ru etylic axit axetic vinyl axetat BT 2 trng mt s gng soi, ngi ta phi un nng dd cha 36 gam glucoz vi lng va dd AgNO3 trong NH3 . Khi lng bc sinh ra bm vo mt knh ca gng v khi lng bc nitrat cn dng ln lt l? ( bit p xy ra hon ton ) 10

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

A. 42,3 g v 86 g B. 43,2 g v 68 g C. 43,2 g v 78 g D. 34,2 g v 68g BT 3 Hon thnh ptp theo s p sau , ghi r kp nu c : Sobitol
Quang hp

Cy xanh etylic gluconic .

Glucoz axit axetic .

Ru Axit

4. Cng c- dn d
V nh gii cc bt vo v v lm thm bt sch bi tp

Tit s 6 AMIN- AMINOAXIT V PROTEIN

I. Mc tiu - Nm c pp vit cng thc cu to va gi tn amin, aino axit.. - Rn luyn k nng gii bt II. Phng php: m thoi, tho lun III. Chun b. GV: H thng cu hi lin quan n bi hc HS: Xem li pp vit CTCT v gi tn amin, amino axit IV. Tin trnh ging dy 1. n nh 2. 2. Kim tra bi 3. Bi mi.

Hot ng ca thy v tr
H 1: (10 p) GV: Yu cu HS nhc li pp vit CTCT amin, aminoaxit v qui tc gi tn HS: Trao i, i din tr li H 2: (10 p) GV: Lu v qui tc nh s, gi tn theo danh php thay th ca amin HS: tho lun , vit CTCT v gi tn, xc nh I.

Ni dung
Kin thc cn nm(SGK)

BT1: Vit CTCT v chi s bc ca tng amin ng phn c CTPT:C3H9N 11

THPT Nng Cng

bc amin Gii C3H9N Amin bc I

GV:L Thanh Quyt

CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2: Propan-1-amin CH3-CH(NH2)-CH3: Propan-2-amin Amin bc II CH3-CH2-NH-CH3 : N-etytmetanamin Amin bc III (CH3)3N: N, N- imetylmetanamin H3 : (23 p) GV: t chc cho HS tho lun gii bt HS: tho lun BT 2: Al mt Aminoaxit c khi lng phn t l 147. Bit 1mol A tc dng va vi 1 molHCl; 0,5molA tc dng va vi 1mol NaOH.Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C5H9NO4 B. C4H7N2O4 C. C5H25NO3 D. C8H5NO2

Gii
2: A A cha mt nhm NH2 v 2 nhm COOH trong phn t A c CTPT: H2NR(COOH)2 16 + 90 + R = 147 R = 41 R l C3H5 -Vy A H2NC3H5 (COOH)2 CTPT A l: C5H9NO4 BT 3: C 0,01 mol Aminoaxit A phn ng va vi 40ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Mt khc 1,5gAminoaxit A phn ng va vi 80ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Khi lng phn t ca A l : A. 150 B. 75 C. 105 D. 89

Gii
3: B S mol NaOH = 0,04 x 0,25 = 0,01 A cha mt nhm COOH => CTPT A: (H2N)n RCOOH th nghim sau s mol A bng s mol NaOH = 0,02 Khi lng phn t A = 1,5 / 0,02 = 75

H 4:Bi tp v nh

12

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

1: nhn bit 3 cht hu c H2NCH2COOH, HOOCCH(NH2)COOH, H2NCH(NH2)COOH, ta ch cn th vi mt trong cc cht no sau y: A. NaOH B. HCl C. Qy tm D. CH3OH/HCl 2: Cho X l mt Aminoaxit (C 1 nhm chc - NH2 v 1 nhm chc COOH) iu khng nh no sau y khng ng :.A.X khng lm i mu qu tm; B. Khi lng phn t ca X l mt s l C. Khi lng phn t ca X l mt s chn; D. Hp cht X phi c tnh lng tnh

3: nhn bit 3 cht hu c H2NCH2COOH, HOOCCH(NH2)COOH, H2NCH(NH2)COOH, ta ch cn

th vi mt trong cc cht no sau y: A. NaOH Cu 1: C Cu 2: C Cu 3: B B. HCl C. Qy tm D. CH3OH/HCl

Tit s 7

AMIN- AMINOAXIT V PROTEIN

I. Mc tiu -Cng c kin thc v rn luyn k nng gii bt II. Phng php: m thoi, tho lun III. Chun b. GV: H thng cu hi lin quan n bi hc HS: Ni dung kin thc lin quan IV. Tin trnh ging dy 1.n nh 2. Kim tra bi 3.Bi mi.

Hot ng ca thy v tr
H 1: (15p) GV: t chc cho HS tho lun gii bt HS: tho lun GV: c th chm im cho HS no gii nhanh v chnh xc nht. (mi em 2 bi)
A. C2H5NO4 C4H10N2O2

Ni dung
1: t chy hon ton amol mt Aminoaxit X c 2amol CO2 v 2,5 amol nc.X c CTPT l: B. C2H5N2O2 C. C2H5NO2 D.

2: t chy ht amol 1Aminoaxit A bng Oxi va ri ngng t hi nc c 2,5amol hn hp CO2 v N2. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C2H5NO2 B. C3H7NO2 C3H7N2O4 D. C5H11NO2 C.

3: 0,1mol Aminoaxit A phn ng va vi 100ml dung dch HCl

13

THPT Nng Cng

2M. Mt khc18g A cng phn ng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

va vi 200ml dung dch HCl trn. A c khi lng phn t l: A.120 B.90 C.60 D. 80 4: 0,01mol Aminoaxit A tc dng va vi 50ml dd HCl 0,2M.C cn dd sau phn ng c1,835g mui khan. Khi lng phn t ca A l : A. 89 B. 103 C. 117 D. 147 5: Amino axit l nhng hp cht hu c ........, trong phn t cha ng thi nhm chc ....... v nhm chc ......... Ch trng cn thiu l : a. n chc, amino, cacboxyl b. Tp chc, cacbonyl, amino c. Tp chc, amino, cacboxyl d. Tp chc, cacbonyl, hidroxyl HD gii Cu 1: C t CTTQ X : CXHYOZNt v vit phng trnh phn ng chy ta c ax = 2a v ay / 2 = 2,5a => x = 2; y = 5 Ch c cng thc C2H5NO2 l ph hp vi mt Aminoaxit Cu 2: A t CTTQ A l CxHYOZNt v vit PT phn ng chy ta c: ax + at /2 = 2,5a => 2x + t = 5 => t = 1; x = 2 l ph hp Cu 3: B S mol HCl -= 0,2mol => A c 2 nhm NH2- trong phn t th nghim sau: S mol HCl = 0,4 => S mol A = 0,2 => Khi lng phn t A : 18/0,2 = 90 Cu 4: D S mol HCl = 0,01 => A cha mt nhm NH2 c cng thc l H2NR-(COOH)n Cn c vo phn ng: H2NR(COOH)n + HCl ClNH3R(COOH)n S mol A= s mol HCl => Khi lng phn t mui = 1,835 / 0,01 = 183,5 Khi lng phn t A l = 183,5 + 36,5 = 147 Cu 5.c

H 2: (25p) Hoc sinh lm bi v gio vin cha bi

Dn d: v nh gii li cc bi tp vo v bt BT v nh
1: Glixin khng tc dng vi A. H2SO4 long A.1 B.2 B. CaCO3 C.3 C. C2H5OH D.4 D. NaCl 2: Thc hin phn ng trng ngng 2 Aminoaxit : Glixin v Alanin thu c ti a bao nhiu ipeptt 3: Khi thy phn Tripeptit H2N CH(CH3)CO-NH-CH2-CO-NH-CH2-COOH s to ra cc Aminoaxit A. H2NCH2COOH v CH3CH(NH2)COOH C. H2NCH(CH3)COOH v H2NCH(NH2)COOH Cu 1: D (Glixin: H2NCH2COOH) B. H2NCH2CH(CH3)COOH v H2NCH2COOH D. CH3CH(NH2)CH2COOH v H2NCH2COOH

14

THPT Nng Cng

Cu 2: D (Glixin H2NCH2COOH, Alanin CH3CH (NH2)COOH Cu 3: A

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Tit s 9 AMIN- AMINOAXIT V PROTEIN

I. Mc tiu -Cng c kin thc v rn luyn k nng gii bt II. Phng php: m thoi, tho lun III. Chun b. GV: H thng cu hi lin quan n bi hc HS: Ni dung kin thc lin quan IV. Tin trnh ging dy 1.n nh 2. Kim tra bi 3.Bi mi.

Hot ng ca thy v tr
H 1: (43p) GV: t chc cho HS tho lun gii bt HS: tho lun

Ni dung
1: Al mt Aminoaxit c khi lng phn t l 147. Bit 1mol A tc dng va vi 1 molHCl; 0,5molA tc dng va vi 1mol NaOH.Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C5H9NO4 B. C4H7N2O4 C. C5H25NO3 D. C8H5NO2 2: C 0,01 mol Aminoaxit A phn ng va vi 40ml dung dch NaOH 15

THPT Nng Cng

GV: c th chm im cho HS ( hnh thc nh kim tra 15 p)

GV:L Thanh Quyt

0,25M. Mt khc 1,5gAminoaxit A phn ng va vi 80ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Khi lng phn t ca A l : A. 150 B. 75 C. 105 D. 89 3: t chy hon ton amol mt Aminoaxit X c 2amol CO2 v 2,5 amol nc.X c CTPT l: A. C2H5NO4 B. C2H5N2O2 C. C2H5NO2 D. C4H10N2O2 4: t chy ht amol 1Aminoaxit A bng Oxi va ri ngng t hi nc c 2,5amol hn hp CO2 v N2. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C2H5NO2 B. C3H7NO2 C. C3H7N2O4 D. C5H11NO2 5: 0,1mol Aminoaxit A phn ng va vi 100ml dung dch HCl 2M. Mt khc18g A cng phn ng va vi 200ml dung dch HCl trn. A c khi lng phn t l: A.120 B.90 C.60 D. 80 6: 0,01mol Aminoaxit A tc dng va vi 50ml dd HCl 0,2M.Ccn dd sau phn ng c1,835g mui khan . Khi lng phn t ca A l : A. 89 B. 103 C. 117 D. 147 7: Amino axit l nhng hp cht hu c ........, trong phn t cha ng thi nhm chc ....... v nhm chc ......... Ch trng cn thiu l : a. n chc, amino, cacboxyl b. Tp chc, cacbonyl, amino c. Tp chc, amino, cacboxyl d. Tp chc, cacbonyl, hidroxyl 8: S ng phn aminoaxit c cng CTPT: C4H9O2N l : a. 5 b. 6 c. 7 d. 8 9: Hp cht no sau y khng phi l amino axit : a.CH3CONH2 b.HOOCCH(NH2)CH2COOH c.CH3CH(NH2)COOH d. CH3CH(NH2)CH(NH2)COOH 10 Axit amino axetic khng tc dng vi cht : a.CaCO3 b. H2SO4 long c.CH3OH d.KCl 10: Axit -amino propionic p c vi cht : a. HCl b. C2H5OH c. NaCl d. a&b ng HD gii Cu 1: A A cha mt nhm NH2 v 2 nhm COOH trong phn t A c CTPT: H2NR(COOH)2 16 + 90 + R = 147 R = 41 R l C3H5 -Vy A H2NC3H5 (COOH)2 CTPT A l: C5H9NO4 Cu 2: B S mol NaOH = 0,04 x 0,25 = 0,01 A cha mt nhm COOH => CTPT A: (H2N)n RCOOH th nghim sau s mol A bng s mol NaOH = 0,02 Khi lng phn t A = 1,5 / 0,02 = 75 Cu 3: C 16

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

t CTTQ X : CXHYOZNt v vit phng trnh phn ng chy ta c ax = 2a v ay / 2 = 2,5a => x = 2; y = 5 Ch c cng thc C2H5NO2 l ph hp vi mt Aminoaxit Cu 4: A t CTTQ A l CxHYOZNt v vit PT phn ng chy ta c: ax + at /2 = 2,5a => 2x + t = 5 => t = 1; x = 2 l ph hp Cu 5: B S mol HCl -= 0,2mol => A c 2 nhm NH2- trong phn t th nghim sau: S mol HCl = 0,4 => S mol A = 0,2 => Khi lng phn t A : 18/0,2 = 90 Cu 6: D S mol HCl = 0,01 => A cha mt nhm NH2 c cng thc l H2N-R(COOH)n Cn c vo phn ng: H2NR(COOH)n + HCl ClNH3R(COOH)n S mol A= s mol HCl => Khi lng phn t mui = 1,835 / 0,01 = 183,5 Khi lng phn t A l = 183,5 + 36,5 = 147 Cu 7.c Cu 8.a Cu 9.a Cu 10.d

GV: sa sai cho HS ( nu cn)

Dn d: v nh gii li cc bi tp vo v bt

Tit s 10

POLIME
I. Mc tiu -Cng c kin thc v rn luyn k nng gii bt II. Phng php: m thoi, tho lun III. Chun b. GV: H thng cu hi lin quan n bi hc HS: Ni dung kin thc lin quan IV. Tin trnh ging dy 1.n nh 2. Kim tra bi 3.Bi mi.

Hot ng ca thy v tr
Hot ng 1 (15p) GV yu cu HS trao i nhm v cu to ,tnh cht ,cch iu ch

Ni dung
I. Kin thc c bn

17

THPT Nng Cng

polime -HS lm vic theo nhm -i din cc nhm bo co GV nhn xt v b xung Hot ng 2 (20) -GV giao bi tp v polime Bi 1. T 13kg axetilen c th iu ch c ? kg PVC(h=100%)

GV:L Thanh Quyt

II.Bi tp Bi 1. nC2H2 nCH2=CHCl(- CH2-CHCl -)n 26n 62,5n 13kg 31,25 kg

Bi 2.H s trng hp ca polietilen M=984g/mol v ca polisaccarit M=162000g/mol l ? -HS lm bi tp 2-GV nhn xt v b xung

Bi 2.ta c (-CH2-CH2-)n =984, n=178 (C6H10O5) =162n=162000,n=1000

HS lm bi tp 3 GV cha Bi 3. Tin hnh trng hp 5,2g stiren.Hn hp sau phn ,ng cho tc dng vi 100ml dung dch brom 0,15M, cho tip dung dch KI d vo th c 0,635g iot.Tnh khi lng polime to thnh

Bi 3.PTP :nC6H5CH=CH2(-CH2-CH(C6H5)-) C6H5CH=CH2 + Br2 C6H5CHBrCH2Br Br2 + KI I2 +2KBr S mol I2=0,635:254=0,0025mol S mol brom cn d sau khi phn ng vi stiren d = 0,0025mol S mol brom phn ng vi stiten d =0,0150,0025=0,0125mol Khi lng stiren d =1,3g Khi lng stiren trng hp = khi lng polime=5,2-1,3=3.9g

Hot ng 3 HS lm bi tp trc nghim (10p) Cu1.Cht khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l A.stiren B.toluen C.propen D.isopren Cu 2. Trong cc nhn xt di y ,nhn xt no khng ng A.cc polime khng bay hi B.da s cc polime kh ha tan trong dung mi thng thng C.cc polime khng c nhit nng chy xc nh D.cc polime u bn vng di tc dng ca axit Cu 3.T nilon-6,6 thuc loi
18

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

A.t nhn to B .t bn tng hp C.t thin nhin D.t tng hp Cu 4. iu ch polime ngi ta thc hin A.phn ng cng B.phn ng trng hp C.phn ng trng ngng D.phn ng trng hp hoc trng ngng Cu 5.c im ca cc mnme tham gia phn ng trng hp l A.phn t phi c lin kt oi mch nhnh B.phn t phi c lin kt i mch chnh C.phn t phi c cu to mch khng nhnh D.phn t phi c cu to mch nhnh

Tit s 11

n tp chng III & IV

I . Mc tiu : 1. Kin thc : Cng c v khc su kin thc v amin, amino axit, peptit, polime 2. K nng : Rn luyn k nng lm bi tp , k nng lm bi tp nhn bit II. Phng php : m thoi trao i nhm III. Chun b : HS n tp cc kin thc v amin,amino axit, polime IV. Tin trnh bi dy

Hot ng ca thy v tr
Hot ng 1 (15p) HS trao i nhm cc kin I. Kin thc II. Bi tp
19

Ni dung

THPT Nng Cng

thc v amin, amino axit, peptit, polime

GV:L Thanh Quyt

* Bi tp v amin Trung ho 3,72g 1 n chc X cn 120ml dung dch HCl 1M. Xc nh CTPT ca X RNH2 + HCl RNH3Cl 0,12 0,12 M RNH2=3,72 : 0,12 Vy R l CH3 , CTCT : CH3NH2 Bi 2 .4n CnH2n+3 N + (6n +3) O24n 4 (14n + 17) 6n +3 6,2g 0,45 CO2 + 2(2n +3) H2O Gii ra ta c n=1. CTCT : CH3NH2 Bi 3 S mol C6H5NH2= 1,395: 93=0,15mol S mol HCl=0,2mol C6H5NH2 + HCl C6H5NH3Cl Khi lng mui thu c l : 0,15.129,5=1,9425g * Bi tp v amino axit Bi 1. NH2RCOOH + HCl NH3ClRCOOH Khi lng HCl = 18,75-15,1=3,65g , s mol HCl = 0,01mol Phn t khi ca amino axit=151 M R=151-45-16= 80. Vy R l :C6H5CHCTCT : C6H5 CH(NH2) COOH

Hot ng 2 (15p) GV yu cu HS lm bi tp v amin - HS lm vic theo nhm v theo yu cu ca GV Bi 2 t chy hon ton 6,2 g amin no , n chc mch h cn 10,08 lit oxi (ktc) . CTCT ca amin l Bi 3 . Cho 1,395g anilin tc dng hon ton vi 0,2 lit HCl 1M.Tnh khi lng mui thu c

Hot ng 3 (10p) GV giao bi tp v amino axitHS lm vic theo nhm Bi 1 . Cho 15,1 g amino axit n chc tc dng vi HCl d thu c 18,75 g mui . Xc nh CTCT ca amin trn

Hot ng 4 HS lm bi tp trc nghim 1.Anilin khng tc dng vi cht no ? a. C2H5OH b.H2SO4 c.HNO2 d.NaCl 2. tch ring tng cht trong hn hp gm benzen , nlin, phenol, ta ch cn dng ho cht (dng c , k th nghim y ) a.Br2, NaOH ,kh CO2 d . NaOH, HCl, kh CO2 b.NaOH, NaCl, kh CO2 c. Br2, HCl, kh CO2 3. Amin n chc c 19,178% nit v khi lng .CTPT ca amin l
20

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

a. C4H5N b.C4H7N c.C4H11N d.C4H9N 4. Cho lng d anilin tc dng hon ton vi dung dch cha 0,1mol

Tit s 12

n tp chng III & IV

I . Mc tiu : 1. Kin thc : Cng c v khc su kin thc v amin, amino axit, peptit, polime 2. K nng : Rn luyn k nng lm bi tp , k nng lm bi tp nhn bit II. Phng php :
21

THPT Nng Cng

m thoi trao i nhm III. Chun b : HS n tp cc kin thc v amin,amino axit, polime IV. Tin trnh bi dy : Hot ng ca thy v tr H 1: (20p) Bi 1 .Cho0,02mol amino axit A tc dng va vi 80ml dung dch HCl 0,25 M.C cn hn hp sau phn ng thu c 3,67g mui khan.Xc nh phn t khi ca A Bi 2. Este A c iu ch t aminoaxit Y v ancol etylic. T khi hi ca X so vi H2 bng 51,5. t chy hon ton 10,3g X thu c 17,6 g CO2 , 8,1 g H2O , 1,12lit N2 (ktc) .Xc nh CTCT thu gn ca A Hot ng 2 (15p) GV yu cu HS lm bi tp v polime HS lm theo yu cu Bi 1. Polime X c phn t khi M=280000 g/mol v h s trng hp l 10000 Bi 2. Tin hnh trng hp 41,6g stiren vi nhit xc tc thch hp . Hn hp sau phn ng tc dng va vi dung dch cha 16g brom.Khi lng polime thu c l ? Ni dung

GV:L Thanh Quyt

* Bi tp v amino axit Bi 1 S mol HCl = 0,08.0,25=0,02mol S mol A= s mol HCl nn A c 1 nhm NH2 H2NR(COOH)n + HCl H3NClR(COOH)n M (mui ) =3.67:0,02=147g/mol Bi 2 M X =51,5.2=103 Cng thc ca este c dng : NH2-R-COOC2H5 m M =103, vy R l CH2. CTCT l: H2N-CH2-COOC2H5

* Bi tp v polimme Bi 1 M monome:280000:10000=28 Vy M=28 l C2H4 Bi 2 S mol stiren : 41,6:104=0,4mol S mol brom: 16:160=0,1mol. Hn hp sau phn ng tc dng vi dung dch brom , vy stiren cn d C6H5CH=CH2 + Br2 C6H5CHBr-CH2Br 0,1 0,1 S mol stiren trng hp =0,4-0,1=0,3 Khi lng polime=0,3.104=31,2g

22

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Hot ng 3

HS lm bi tp trc nghim

1. Cho m (g) anilin tc dng vi dung dch HCl d .C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 15,54g mui khan .Hiu sut ca phn ng l 80% th gi tr ca m l: a.11,16g b. 12,5g c.8,928g d.13,95g 2. Phn bit 3 dung dch : H2NCH2COOH, CH3COOH, C2H5NH2 ch cn dng 1 thuc th no ? a. HCl b.Na c. qu tm d. NaOH 3. Cho 0,01mol amino axit X phn ng va vi 0,02mol HCl hoc 0,01mol NaOH .Cng thc ca X c dng a. H2NRCOOH b. H2N R (COOH)2 c. (H2N)2R COOH d.(H2N)2R (COOH)2 4. Nha phenol fomanehit c iu ch t phenol v fomanehit bng loi phn ng no ? a.trao i b. axit-bazo c.trng hp d.trng ngng 5. Khi cho H2N(CH2)6NH2 tc dng vi axit no sau y th to ra nilon-6,6. a. axit oxalic b. axit aipic c. axit malonic d.axit glutamic

Tit s 13

Chng V: i cng v kim loi

23

THPT Nng Cng

I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Chun b: GV: Gio n HS: xem li cc dng bi tp v v tr v tnh cht ca kim loi III. Phng php: m thoi- nu vn - Hot ng nhm IV.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: (khng kim tra) 3/ Bi mi:

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Hot ng ca thy v tr
Hot ng 1: GV yu cu HS tr li cc cu hi: -v tr ca kim loi -cu to nguyn t kim loi so vi nguyn t phi kim? -kim loi c cu to tinh th nh th no? -lin kt kim loi l g?So snh vi lin kt cng ha tr v lin kt ion

Ni dung
I.KIN THC CN NH: 1.V tr kim loi 2.Cu to nguyn t kim loi:So vi nguyn t phi kim,nguyn t kim loi thng c +R ln hn v Z nh hn +s e ngoi cng thng t nguyn t kim loi d nhng e 3.Cu to tinh th kim loi: Kim loi c mng tinh th kim loi gm cc nguyn t v ion kim loi cc nt mng v cc e t do 4.Lin kt kim loi: hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t v ion kim loi trong tinh th kim loi c s tham gia ca cc ion t do. II.BI TP VN DNG: Cu 1. Vit cu hnh e ca a)Ca,Ca2+ b)Fe,Fe2+,Fe3+ Cho bit s e ngoi cng Cu 2. BT 4/82 Cu 3. BT 5/82 Cu 4. BT 6/82 Cu 5. BT7/82 Ha tan 1,44g mt kim loi ha tri II trong 150 ml dd H2SO4 0,5M. trung ha lng axit d phi dng ht 30 ml dd NaOH 1M. Kim loi l A.Ba B.Ca C.Mg D.Be Gii nH 2 SO4 =0,15.0,5=0,075 mol

Hot ng 2:gii cu hi trc nghim SGK Cho HS gii 4 cu hi trc nghim

Hot ng 3: Ton tm tn kim loi GV gi cho HS gii cu 5 -phi tm s mol axit phn ng vi M=s mol axit b s mol axit cn d. -tm M trn phng trnh tn Kim loi

nNaOH =0,03.1=0,03 mol

M + H2SO4 MSO4+ H2 (1) 0,06..0,06 H2SO4+2NaOH Na2SO4+2H2O (2) 0,0150,03

24

THPT Nng Cng

nH 2 SO4 (1)=0,075-0,015=0,06 mol
M=
1, 44 = 24 M l Mg 0, 06

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Cu 6: GV hng dn tng bc,HS thc hin.

Cu 6. BT 9/82 12,8g kim loi A ha tri II phn ng hon ton vi Cl2 mui B. Ha tan B vo nc 400 ml dd C. Nhng thanh Fe nng 11,2g vo dd C mt thi gian thy kim loi A bm vo thanh Fe v khi lng thanh st lc ny l 12,0g; nng FeCl2 trong dd l 0,25M.Xc nh kim loi A v CM mui B trong dd C

Gii A + Cl2 ACl2 (1) Fe + ACl2 FeCl2 + A (2) x x x Khi lng thanh Fe tng l x(A-56)=12-11,2 x = x= s mol FeCl2=0,25.0,4=0,1 mol A l Cu
2

0,8 A 56

0,8 = 0,1 A=64(g/mol) A 56

Hot ng 4:Ton hn hp GV gi HS lp h phng trnh tm x,y.T tnh khi lng mui. GV cho bit c th p dng phng php gii nhanh v mmui=mKL =mgc axit.

12,8 = 0, 2mol 64 0, 2 CM(CuCl2)= 0, 4 = 0,5M

* nCu = nCuCl =

Cu 7. Ha tan hon ton 15,4g hn hp Mg v Zn trong dd HCl d 0,6gH2.Khi lng mui to ra trong dd l A.36,7g B.35,7g C.63,7g D.53,7g Gii Mg +2HCl MgCl2 + H2 x x.x Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 y yy
0, 6 = 0,3 mol 2 24 x + 65 y = 15, 4 x = 0,1 mol Ta c: x + y = 0,3 y = 0, 2 mol nH 2 =

Vy mmui=95.0,1+136.0,2=36,7g Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d Cng c: - Xem li ni dung cc kin thc hc. - Cch gii tm tn kim loi - Ton hn hp Dn d:

Tit s 14
25

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Chng V: i cng v kim loi (tt)

I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Chun b: GV: Gio n HS: xem li cc dng bi tp v tnh cht dy in ha ca kim loi III. Phng php: m thoi- nu vn - Hot ng nhm IV.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: (khng kim tra) 3/ Bi mi:

Hot ng ca thy v tr
Hot ng 1: Cng c kin thc c bn GV pht vn HS v tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc, dy in ha

Ni dung

I.KIN THC CN NH: 1.Tnh cht vt l chung: do cc e t do trong mng tinh th gy ra 2.Tnh cht ha hc:tnh kh a.Td vi phi kim:hu ht kim loi u phn ng b.Td dd axit: *KL>H2 tc dng dd HCl,H2SO4l H2 *KL t s oxi ha cao nht khi tc dng HNO3v H2SO4 *Al,Fe ko tc dng vi HNO3,ng v H2SO4,ngui. c.Td vi H2O: ch c kim loi nhm IA,Ca,Sr,Ba tan trong nc H2 d.Td dd mui: *T Mg tr i,kim loi ng trc y kim loi ng sau khi dd mui. *Na,K,Ca,Sr,Ba phn ng vi nc trong dd mui trc. II.BI TP: Hot ng 2: Gii bi tp Cu 1. 3/88 GV cho HS tr li cc cu hi trc nghim.GV Cu 2. Dy cc kim loi no c xp theo chiu nhn xt,gii thch. tnh dn din gim dn? A.Al,Fe,Cu,Ag,Au B.Ag,Cu,Au,Al,Fe C.Au,Ag,Cu,Fe,Al D.Ag,Cu,Fe,Al,Au Cu 3. 8/89 Cu 4. 7/88: Hy sp xp theo chiu gim tnh kh Hot ng 3: Ton sp xp tnh kh, tnh oxi v chiu tng tnh oxi ha ca cc nguyn t v ion ha trong 2 trng hp sau: GV gi cho HS da vo dy in ha. a)Fe,Fe2+,Fe3+,Zn,Zn2+,Ni,Ni2+,H,H+,Hg, Hg2+, - Chiu tng dn tnh kh Ag,Ag+ - Chiu tng dn tnh oxi ha. b)Cl,Cl-,Br,Br-,F,F-,I,I26

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Gii a)tnh kh gim:Zn,Fe,Ni,H,Hg,Ag tnh oxh tng:Zn2+,Fe2+,Ni2+,H+,Fe3+,Hg2+,Ag+ b)tnh kh gim:I-,Br-,Cl-,Ftnh oxh tng:I,Br,Cl,F Cu 5. 4/89:Dd FeSO4 c ln tp cht CuSO4.Hy loi b tp cht. Gii Nhng 1 l st vo dd cho n phn ng xong,ly l st ra Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu Cu 6. 6/89: Cho 5,5g hn hp Al v Fe (s mol Al gp i s mol Fe) vo 300 ml dd AgNO31M.Khuy k cho phn ng xy ra hon ton m(g) cht rn.Gi tri ca m l A.33,95g B.35,20g C.39,35g D.35,39g Gii nFe=X(mol) nAl=2x 56x +27.(2x)=5,5 x=0,05 mol nAl=0,1 mol nAg + = 0,3.1 = 0,3 mol Al phn ng vi Ag+ trc: Al + 3Ag+ Al3+ + 3Ag 0,1 0,3 0,3 + Al ht,Ag ht,Fe khng phn ng m(cht rn)=mFe + mAg =56.0,05+108.0,3 =35,2g

Hot ng 4:Ton hn hp GV gi HS lp h phng trnh tm x,y. T tnh khi lng cht rn. GV gi cho hs vit tng phng trnh, so snh s mol ca cc cht phn ng xem cht no ht, cht no d.

Hot ng 5: Cng c - dn d Cng c: - Xem li ni dung cc kin thc hc. - Nm k tnh cht ca kim loi - Ton hn hp Dn d: - Hc thuc dy in ha. - Xem trc bi n mn v iu ch kim loi.

27

THPT Nng Cng Tit s 15

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Chng V: i cng v kim loi (tt)

I. Mc tiu: HS vn dng c kin thc hc gii bi tp II. Trng tm: Bi tp : N MN V IU CH KIM LOI III. Chun b: GV: Gio n HS: xem li cc dng bi tp v n mn v iu ch kim loi IV. Phng php: m thoi- nu vn - Hot ng nhm V.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi c: - nh ngha n mn kim loi,n mn ha hc,n mn in ha. Nu 3 iu kin n mn in ha, c ch n mn in ha - Nu 3 phng php iu ch kim loi. 3/ Bi mi:

Hot ng ca thy v tr
HOTNG1: -nh ngha n mn kim loi,n mn ha hc,n mn in ha. -Nu 3 iu kin n mn in ha -C ch n mn in ha? GV khc su kin thc cho HS. GV nhn mnh 3 phng php iu ch kim loi. HOT NG 2: bi tp m mn *ging nhau: u l qu trnh oxi ha-kh trong kim loi b n mn *khc nhau: n mn ha hc n mn in ha -e c chuyn -e di chuyn t trc tip n cc cc m cc cht dng to nn dng in -khng cn dd -c dd cht in li cht in li -tc n mn -tc n mn nhanh chm Cu 2: V tu thp ni vi thanh km v Zn c tnh kh >Fe nn Zn b n mn trc. Cu 4: a) Fe+ H2SO4 FeSO2 + H2 (1)

Ni dung
I. KIN THC CN NH 1.n mn ho hc 2. n mn in ho 3. Phng php iu ch kim loi. II. BI TP N MN KIM LOI: Cu 1. So snh n mn ha hc v n mn in ha.

Cu 2. Trong 2 trng hp sau,trng hp no v tu c bo v? -V tu thp ni vi thanh km -V tu thp ni vi thanh ng Cu 3. Mt thanh kim loi M b n mn din ha khi ni vi thanh Fe.M c th l A.Zn B.Cu C.Ni D.Pb 28

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Cu 4. 5/95:Cho l Fe vo: Fe b n mn ho hc,tc n mn a)dd H2SO4 long chm b)dd H2SO4 long c thm vi git dd CuSO4 b) ngoi (1) cn c Nu hin tng xy ra,gii thch? Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4+ Cu (2) to pin Fe-Cu c thm n mn in ha bt kh nhiu,tc n mn nhanh Cu 5: B. vt B v Zn c tnh kh >Fe nn Zn b n mn in ha,Fe c bo v. Cu 5. Vt A bng Fe trng thic,vt B bng Fe trng Zn.Nu c vt try su vo lp Fe bn trong 2 vt,vt no c Cu 6: Ton hn hp .HS t gii bo v tt hn? mZn=2,6g %Zn= 28,89% A.vt A B.vt B %Cu=71,11% C.C 2 vt c bo v nh nhau Cu 7: Cu Cu(NO3)2 D.C 2 vt b n mn nh nhau x x Cu 6. Ngm 9g hp kim Cu-Zn trong dd HCl d Ag AgNO3 896 ml kh (kc).Tnh % khi lng ring hp kim. y y Ha tan hon ton 3g hp kim Cu-Ag trong dd HNO 3c 64 x + 108 y = 3 x = 0, 03 7,34g hn hp 2 mui .Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi. 188 x + 170 y = 7,34 y = 0, 01 %Cu= 64%; %Ag= 36% HOT NG 3: bi tp iu ch kim II. BI TP IU CH KIM LOI: Cu 1. Trnh by cch iu ch loi -CatCaCO3 Cu1: -CutCuSO4 a)CaCO3+2HCl CaCl2+CO2+H2O c cn dd CaCl2 Cu 2. T Cu(OH)2,MgO,FeS2,Al2O3chn phng php thch dpnc CaCl2 Ca+ Cl2 hp iu ch cc kim loi tng ng + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Cu 3.

b)Fe hoc: 2CuSO4+2H2O dpdd 2Cu+O2+H2SO4 Cu 2: *Cu(OH)2 CuO Cu hoc Cu(OH)2 ddCuCl2 Cu *MgO dd MgCl2 MgCl2 Mg *FeS2 Fe2O3 Fe dpnc *Al2O3 Al HS vit cc pthh xy ra Gio vin hng dn hc sinh vit phng trnh v p dng cng thc Faraday a) 2MSO4+2H2O dpdd 2M+O2+H2SO4 AIt m= b) A= nF M l Cu Hot ng 4: Cng c - dn d

kh hon ton 30g hn hp gm CuO, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe, MgO cn dng 5,6 lit CO (ktc).Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l A. 28g B. 26g C. 24g D. 22g

Cu 4.

in phn (in cc tr) dd mui sunfat ca 1 kim loi ha tri II vi dng in 3 A.Sau 1930s in phn,thy khi lng catot tng 1,92g. a) Vit pthh phn ng xy ra mi in cc v pt inphn. b)tm tn kim loi

29

THPT Nng Cng

Cng c: - Xem li ni dung cc kin thc hc. - Nm k cc phng php iu ch kim loi. - Ton hn hp Dn d:

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Tit 16:
I. Mc tiu:

BI TP V DY IN HO CA KIM LOI.

1, Kin thc: Gip hc sinh thnh tho p dng dy in ho trong xt chiu phn ng , t vit thnh tho cc phn ng nh tnh. 2, K nng: Rn k nng vit phn ng bng phng trnh phn t hoc ion, tnh theo phng trnh. II. Chun b: Lm cc bi tp cho trong cng. III. Phng php: m thoi- nu vn - Hot ng nhm IV.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi: HOT NG 1: - Gio vin vit dy in ho ln bng, hng dn hc sinh p dng v lm cc bi tp sau: HOT NG 2: Bi tp. Cu 1:. ngha ca dy in ho kim loi : A. Cho php cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh. B. Cho php d on c chiu ca phn ng gia hai cp oxi ho kh. C. Cho php tnh s electron trao i ca mt phn ng oxi ho kh. D. Cho php d on tnh cht oxi ho kh ca cc cp oxi ho kh. Cu2. . Trong phn ng : 2Ag+ + Zn 2Ag + Zn2+

Cht oxi ho mnh nht l : Trong phn ng : . Trong phn ng : Ni + Pb2+ Cu + 2Fe3+ Pb + Ni2+ Cu2+ + 2Fe2+

Cht kh mnh nht l :

Cht oxi ho yu nht l : 30

THPT Nng Cng

Trong phn ng : 2Fe3+ + Cu Cu2+ + 2Fe2+ Cht kh yu nht l : Cu3.. Gia hai cp oxi ho kh s xy ra phn ng theo chiu :

GV:L Thanh Quyt

A. cht oxi ho yu nht s oxi ho cht kh yu nht sinh ra cht oxi ho mnh hn v cht kh mnh hn. B. cht oxi ho mnh nht s oxi ho cht kh yu nht sinh ra cht oxi ho yu hn v cht kh mnh hn. C. cht oxi ho mnh nht s oxi ho cht kh mnh nht sinh ra cht oxi ho yu hn v cht kh yu hn. D. cht oxi ho yu nht s oxi ho cht kh mnh nht sinh ra cht oxi ho mnh nht v cht kh yu hn.

Cu4. Cho cc kim loi: Al, Pb, Cu. Kim loi no c phn ng vi mi dung dch sau: AlCl3, CuSO4. AgNO3, FeCl3 . Vit phn ng bng phng trnh phn t v ion? ( Hc sinh Cu5. Ngm mt l km (d) trong 100ml AgNO3 0,1M. Khi phn ng kt thc khi lng l km tng bao nhiu gam ?

A. 1,080

B. 0,755

C.

0,430

D. Khng xc nh c.

Cu6 . C dung dch FeSO4 ln tp cht CuSO4. loi c tp cht c th dng : A. bt Cu d, sau lc. B. bt Zn d, sau lc. C. bt Fe d, sau lc. D. Tt c u ng.

Cu7. Ngm mt l st trong dung dch ng (II) sunfat. Hy tnh khi lng ng bm trn l st, bit khi lng l st tng thm 1,2 g. A. 1,2 g B. 3,5 g C. 6,4 g D. 9,6 g

H3: Cng c, dn d: Lu nhng phn hc sinh cn yu.

31

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Tit 17:
I. Mc tiu:

BI TP V IU CH KIM LOI.

1, Kin thc: n tp, cng c, h thng ho cc phng php iu ch kim loi. 2, K nng: Rn k nng vit s iu ch, s in phn iu ch kim loi. K nng gii bi tp lin quan n iu ch kim loi. II. Chun b: Hc sinh: Lm cc bi tp cho trong SGK, SBT. III. Phng php: m thoi- nu vn - Hot ng nhm IV.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi: Bi tp. Bi 1: . Phng trnh ho hc no sau y th hin cch iu ch Cu theo phng php thu luyn ? A. Zn + CuSO4 Cu + ZnSO4 C. CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 D. B. H2 + CuO Cu + H2O 2CuSO4 + 2H2O 2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2

Bi 2: . Bng phng php thy luyn c th iu ch c kim loi no sau y: A. kali. magie .nhm .ng, magi, canxi. B. Natri, nhm, ng, bc C. magie , st, .ng, magi, canxi D. ng, ch, bc. Bi 3: iu ch Natri bng cch in phn NaCl nng chy, catot xy ra s: A: Oxi ho ion ClC; Kh ion ClB: Kh ion Na+ D: Oxi ho ion Na+

Bi 4: Trnh by phng php ho hc iu ch cc kim loi t cc dung dch mui ring bit sau: KCl , CuBr2 , FeCl3. Vit cc phn ng xy ra? * iu ch K t dung dch KCl: - C cn dung dch, sau in phn nng chy, thu c K cc m ( cactt)

32

THPT Nng Cng

2KCl
dpnc 2K +

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Cl2

* iu ch Cu t dung dch CuBr2: - in phn dung dch CuBr2 , thu c Cu cc m (cactot): CuBr2
dpdd Cu

+ Br2

- Cch 2: Phng php thu luyn: Fe + CuBr2 FeBr2 + Cu

* iu ch Fe t dung dch FeCl3: FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl

t

2Fe(OH)3

Fe2O3 + 3 H2O

t Fe2O3 + 3 CO 2 Fe + 3CO2

Bi 5: M t hin tng xy ra, nu c: 1, Ngm l kim loi Ag vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2 2, Trn dung dch Cu(NO3)2 vi dung dch AgNO3 3, Trn dung dch Cu(NO3)2 vi dung dch NaOH 4, Ngm l kim loi Cu vo dung dch FeCl3 Bi 6: (Kh) Cho 28 g bt st tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d , sau phn ng hon ton thu c m g kt ta. Tnh m? * Cng c, dn d - Lu nhng ch hc sinh cn yu.

Tit s 18

LUYN TP V KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM

I. Mc tiu:

- Cng c v khc su kin thc : T/c ha hc, iu ch cc kim loi kim v hp cht ca chng
33

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

- Rn k nng vit ptpu, nhn bit , gii cc loi bi tp v kim loi kim v h/cht. II. Phng php: Hi p tho lun m thoi din ging

III.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 1:

- YC hs nu v tr, cu to ng.t v kh nng hot ng ha hc ca KLK - Xc nh cu hnh nguyn t v ion: 3s1, [Ar]4s1, [Ne], 3s23p6 l ca ng.t, ion M+ no? - Na, K t/dng vi nhng cht no sau: Cl2, O2, dd HCl, H2O, dd CuSO4, . - Hp cht NaOH, NaHCO3, Na2CO3 c nhng t/c ha hc g? - T dd NaCl, dd NaOH lm th no /ch Na - Nhn bit:Na, NaOH, NaCl, Na2O HS: dng nc, qu tm, AgNO3, nc

Ni dung I. Kin thc c bn:

- Nhm IA, ns1 , M M+ + 1e ( Trong cc h/c KLK lun c s OXH +1)

- ptp in phn nng chy /ch Na 2NaCl 2Na + Cl2

Hot ng 2:
Bi1)Ha tan 78 g K vo 724 g H2O c nng % dd =? Bi 2) in phn mui clorua mt kim loi kim nng chy thu c 0,448 lt kh(kc) anot v 0,92 g catot. Tm kim loi? Bi 3) Cho 50 g CaCO3 t/d vi dd HCl thu c V lt CO2. Sc ton b CO2 vo dd c cha 30g NaOH. Tnh lng mui thu c?

II. Bi tp
1) Vit ptpu Tnh mKOH theo p/ Tnh m dd = mK + m H2O mH2 C% = mKOH/m dd 2) Vit ptpu T V kh n kh n kim loi ( theo p/) Tm M = m/n kim loi Na 3)Vit ptpu CaCO3 + HCl Tnh V CO2( nCO2) Lp t s n NaOH/nCO2

p/

Bi 4)Nung 148g hh NaHCO3 v Na2CO3 n khi lng khng i c 132,5 g cht rn. Xc nh % m mi cht trong hh ban u? Hd hs vit ptp/, t tnh theo ptp/

Vi 1< n NaOH/nCO2 < 2 c 2 p/ to 2 mui t lp h pt tnh c s mol 2 mui khi lng 4) Na2CO3 khng b nhit phn 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O Lp h pt: 106 x + 84y = 148 106x + 106y/2 = 132,5 gii c x,y v % mui

34

THPT Nng Cng Tit 19, 20:

GV:L Thanh Quyt

LUYN TP V KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM TH

I. Mc tiu: - Cng c v khc su kin thc : T/c ha hc, iu ch cc kim loi kim th v hp cht ca chng
- Nc cng v cch lm mm nc cng - Rn k nng vit ptpu, nhn bit , gii cc loi bi tp v kim loi kim th v h/cht. II. Phng php: Hi p tho lun m thoi din ging

III.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi: Hot ng ca thy v tr Hot ng 1:

- YC hs nu v tr, cu to ng.t v kh nng hot ng ha hc ca KLK - Xc nh cu hnh nguyn t v ion: 3s1, 3s2, [Ar]4s2, [Ne], 3s23p6 l ca ng.t, ion M2 no? - Mg, Ca t/dng vi nhng cht no sau: Cl2, O2, dd HCl, H2O, dd CuSO4, . - Hp cht CaO, Ca(HCO3)2, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2. C nhng t/c ha hc g? - T dd CaCl2, dd Ca(OH)2, CaCO3. lm th no /ch Ca - Nhn bit:Ca, Ca(OH)2, CaCl2, CaO HS: dng nc, qu tm, CO2, Na2CO3, nc

Ni dung

I. Kin thc c bn: Nhm IIA, ns2 , M M2+ + 2e

( Trong cc h/c KLK lun c s OXH +2) Na, Mg, Mg2+, Ca2+.

- vit ptpu in phn nng chy /ch Ca CaCl2 Ca + Cl2 II. Bi tp 1)Vit 2 ptp/ Lp h pt ton theo s mol l gii c 100x + 84y = 14,2 x+ y = 0,15 2) Vit ptp/ M +2HCl MCl2 + H2 M M+71 10 27,75 Lp t s M C th gii theo pp tng gim klg 3) a) Ptp/ CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 0,5 mol 0,5 mol Lp t s mol CO2/Ca(OH)2 <1 s mol CO2/Ca(OH)2 < 2 2 mui CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O x x x 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 2y y y C h: x + y = 0,5 35

Hot ng 2:
Bi 1)Cho 14,2 g hh CaCO3 v MgCO3 t/d ht vi dd HCl thu c 3,36 lt kh CO2 (kc) Tnh % klg mui hh ban u? Bi 2) Cho 10g KL IIA t/ ht vi dd HCl to ra 27,75 g mui clorua. Tm kim loi Hd hs vit ptp/, t tnh theo ptp/

Bi 3)Cho 28 g CaO vo H2O d thu c dd A . Sc 16,8 lt CO2 (kc) vo dd A a) Tnh khi lg kt ta b) Khi un nng thu thm bao nhiu g kt ta? Hd hs vit ptp/, t tnh theo ptp/

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt x + 2y = 0,75 x,y klg kt ta

b) Ca(HCO3)2 y

CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 y m kt ta

Bi 4) Ha tan 16,4 g hh CaCO3 v MgCO3 cn 4,032 lt CO2 (kc) . Xc nh k.lg mi mui ban u? Hd hs vit ptp/, t tnh theo ptp/

4) Vit 2 ptp/: CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 x x MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O Mg(HCO3)2 y y x + y = 4,032/22,4 = 0,18 100x + 84y = 16,4 x, y k.lg mi cht 5) Vit 2 ptp/ Lp h 2 pt theo mol, t gii c

6) Lp t s mol CO2/Ca(OH)2 <1 s mol CO2/Ca(OH)2 < 2 2 mui Bi 5) Cho 30,4 g hh NaOH v KOH t/d vi dd HCl CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O d thu c 41,5 g hh mui clorua. Tnh k.lg mi x x x hydroxyt? 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 Hd hs vit ptp/, t tnh theo ptp/ 2y y y C h: x + y = 0,25 Bi 6) Sc 6,72 lt CO2(kc) vo dd c 0,25 mol x + 2y = 0,3 x,y klg kt ta Ca(OH)2 . Klg kt ta thu c?( 10, 15, 20, 25g) Hd hs vit ptp/, t tnh theo ptp/ Nc cng vnh cu, tm thi, vnh cu

- dd CaCl2, MgSO4 dng: Na2CO3, Na3PO4. - Ca(HCO3)2 dng: Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3, Na3PO4. Bi 7)C cc dd CaCl2, Ca(HCO3)2, MgSO4. dd no l nc cng tm thi ? nc cng vnh cu? Dng ha cht no sau y lm mm cc loi nc cng ? NaCl, HCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3, Na3PO4.

36

THPT Nng Cng Tit 21

GV:L Thanh Quyt

LUYN TP CHUNG V KIM LOI KIM, KIM TH V HP CHT CA CHNG

I. Mc tiu:

- Cng c v khc su kin thc : T/c ha hc ca kl kim v kim th v hp cht ca chng - Rn k nng vit ptpu, nhn bit , gii cc loi bi tp kl kim v kim th v h/cht. II. Phng php: Hi p tho lun nhm m thoi din ging
III.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi:
HOT NG CA GV V HS NI DUNG Hot ng 1 : I. Kin thc c bn : 1) Cu hnh e ngoi cng ca kim loi kim v kim - ns1 , ns2. Nhm IA, Nhm IIA th ?V tr ? 2) Tnh cht hh c trng nht ca nhm ? - Kim loi kim : nhm c tnh kh mnh nht trong cc nhm k.l - Kim loi kim th : c tnh kh mnh ch sau kl kim 3) iu ch bng pp no ? v sao ? - in phn nng chy mui halogenua. V tnh oxy ha cc ion kl ny rt yu. Hot ng 2 : 1) Hp cht no sau y dng trc tip iu II. Bi tp : ch k.l ? Vit ptp/ CaO, MgCl2, NaCl, KOH, Al2O3, CaCO3, NaOH 1) MgCl2, NaCl, KOH, Al2O3, NaOH. Vit ptp/ 2) Nhn bit cc dd : CaCl2, MgCl2, NaCl, 2) Dng dd NaOH d, dd Na2CO3. AlCl3. vit ptp/. 3) Trong cc cht : NaCl, HCl, H2SO4, Na2CO3, 3) Na2CO3, K2CO3, K3PO4, KOH, K2CO3, K3PO4, Ca(OH)2.Cht no lm mm nc cng vnh cu ? 4) Sc 3,36 lt kh CO2 (kc) vo dd c cha 4) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 0,125 mol Ca(OH)2. Khi lng kt ta thu x x x c ? ( 25g, 10 g, 12,5 g, 15g) Hd hs vit ptp/, t tnh theo ptp/ 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 2y y y x + y =0,125 x + 2y = 0,15 x = 0,1 mol mCaCO3 = 10 g 5) Sc a mol kh CO2 vo dd Ca(OH)2 thu c 5) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 30 g kt ta, dd cn li un nng k thu thm 20 g x x x= 0,3 mol kt ta na. Gi tr ca a l ?(0,5 mol, 0,3 mol, 0,7 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 mol, 1mol) 2y y y Hd hs vit ptp/, t tnh theo ptp/ Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 37

THPT Nng Cng

y

GV:L Thanh Quyt

y=0,2 mol

nCO2= x + 2y =0,3 + 2.0,2 = 0,7(mol) Hot ng 3 : Nhn xt tit hc Dn d

Tit 22:

LUYN TP V NHM
I. Mc tiu: - Cng c v khc su kin thc : T/c ha hc, iu ch Al v hp cht ca chng
- Rn k nng vit ptpu, nhn bit , gii cc loi bi tp v Al v h/cht. II. Phng php: Hi p tho lun m thoi din ging

III.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi:

HOT NG CA GV V HS Hot ng 1 : -Al l kim loi hot ng hh nh th no ? -Al t/d vi nhng cht no ? v d ? NI DUNG

I. Kin thc c bn
Al l kl h hh kh mnh. Al t/d vi : . pk(O2, halogen, S...) . Axit :+ HCl, H2SO4l + HNO3l, HNO3n, H2SO4n . Oxyt kl . Nc . dd kim Ptp/ 2)Tnh lng tnh T/d vi kim v vi axit Ptp/ 3)Dng dd kim, du hiu kt ta keo trng, kt ta tan trong kim d

2) Oxyt, hydroxyt ca nhm th hin t/c g ? v d ? 3) Nhn bit Al3+ ? Hot ng 2 : yu cu HS gii cc bi tp: Bi 1 : Vit cc ptp/ : Al2O3 Al NaAlO2 Al(OH)3 Al2O3 NaAlO2 Bi 2: Nhn bit dd: CaCl2, MgCl2, AlCl3. Bi 3: Cho m gam hh Al-Fe t/d vi dd HCl d thu c 8,96 lt H2.Cng lng hh nh trn t/d vi dd NaOH thu c 6,72 lt H2(kc). Tnh %m mi k.loi? Hd hs vit ptp/, t tnh theo ptp/ 38

II. Bi tp
1.Vit ptp/ 2. Dng dd NaOH, Na2CO3 3. Lp pt Al + HCl Fe + HCl Al + NaOH + H2O 56x + 27y= m x + 1,5y= 0,4 y= 0,2 Tnh c%m k.loi

THPT Nng Cng

Bi 4: Cho 200ml dd AlCl3 1M t/d vi 200ml dd NaOH. Kt ta thu c em nung n khi lng khng i cn nng 5,1 g. Tnh CM dd NaOH? Hd hs vit ptp/, t tnh theo ptp/ Bi 5 : in phn Al2O3 n/c vi I=9,65A, t= 3000s, thu c 2,16 gAl. Tnh hsp/ ? Hot ng3 : Nhn xt , nh gi tit hc Dn d

GV:L Thanh Quyt

4. Ptp/ : AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl 0,2mol 0,6 0,2 Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 +2H2O 0,1 0,1 2Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3H2O 0,1 5,1/102= 0,05 Tng s mol NaOH=0,7 CM =0,7/0,2 =3,5M 5. Al2O3 2Al + 3/2O2 m = AIt/nF = 27.9,56.3000/3.96500 = 2,7 g HS = 2,16.100/2,7 = 80%

Tit 23

LUYN TP CHUNG V NHM V HP CHT CA NHM

I. Mc tiu:

- Cng c v khc su kin thc : T/c ha hc, iu ch Al v hp cht ca nhom

- Rn k nng vit ptpu, nhn bit , gii cc loi bi tp v Al v h/cht.

II. Phng php: Hi p tho lun HS trnh by bng-m thoi din ging III.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi: III.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi: HOT NG CA GV V HS
Hot ng 1 : 1) Nhm(vt dng) bn trong khng kh v khng b ha tan trong nc l do ? 2) Nhm khng t/d vi cc cht no sau y ? Dd H2SO4 long, HCl, HNO3,ngui ; dd KOH ; C ; N2 ; O2 ; S ; Br2 ; ddNH3 ; Fe3O4. 3)Nhn bit bt : CaO, Na2O , Al2O3, MgO ? 4) Trnh by hin tng, vit ptp/ xy ra khi : a) Cho t t dd NaOH n d vo dd Al2(SO4)3 ? b)Cho dd NH3 d vo dd Al2(SO4)3 ? 39 4) a) Lc u c kt ta keo trng, sau tan trong NaOH d b) C kt ta keo trng, khng tan trong NH3 d

NI DUNG

Bi tp :
1) C mng oxyt (Al2O3) bn bo v 2) HNO3,ngui ; ddNH3 3)Dng nc, dd Na2CO3.

THPT Nng Cng

c)Cho t t dd AlCl3 vo dd NaOH ? d) Cho t t n d vo dd NaAlO2 ? e) Sc t t n d kh CO2 vo dd NaAlO2 ? 5) Cho 6,24g hh bt Al v Al2O3 vo dd NaOH d, thu c 2,688 lt H2(kc). Tnh khi lng Al2O3 trong hh ?(5,4g ; 10,8g ; 2,16g ; 4,08g) Hd hs vit ptp/, t tnh theo ptp/

GV:L Thanh Quyt

c) Lc u khng kt ta, sau c kt ta keo trng d) Lc u c kt ta, sau tan e) C kt ta, kt ta khng tan trong CO2 d. 5) 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 0,08 mol mAl=0,08.27=2,16(g) mAl2O3= 6,24-2,16= 4,08(g) Al2O3 p/ khng to kh 6) Vit 2 ptp/ KOH +HCl x mol xmol NaOH + HCl ymol y mol

2NaAlO2 + 3H2
2,688 = 0,12 22,4

6) Cho 13,6 g hh gm KOH v NaOH t/dng va vi 300ml dd HCl 1M. Tnh % khi lng NaOH trong hh ban u ?( 66,67% ; 58,82% ; 33,3% ; 41,18%) Hd hs vit ptp/, t tnh theo ptp/

56x +40y = 13,6

x + y = 0,3

y = 0,2

Hot ng 2: Cng c : t/cht ca Al v h/cht VD :- Al,Al2O3,Al(OH)3 t/d vi axit cho mui ging nhau( Al3+) - Al,Al2O3,Al(OH)3 t/d vi dd kim cho mui ging nhau( AlO2-)

40.0.2 %mNaOH = 13,6 .100 = 58,82(%)

Tit 24:

LUYN TP V ST
I. Mc tiu: - Cng c v khc su kin thc : T/c ha hc ca Fe v hp cht ca chng
- Rn k nng vit ptpu, nhn bit , gii cc loi bi tp v Fe v h/cht. II. Phng php: Hi p tho lun m thoi din ging

III.Tin trnh bi dy:

40

THPT Nng Cng

1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi: HOT NG CA GV V HS
Hot ng 1: 1) Cho bit c.h.e ca Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+ ? 2) Kh nng h hh ca Fe? V d? Khi no to Fe(II)?

GV:L Thanh Quyt

NI DUNG I. Kin thc cn nh:

1)-3d64s2, -3d64s0, -3d54s0 2) C tnh kh kh mnh , nhng km Al T/d vi: pk, axit, nc, dd mui Khi: t/d vi: . pk yu:S,I2 . HCl, H2SO4 long . Dd mui . H2O > 5700C Khi t/d vi: . pk mnh; Cl2,F2 . HNO3 l,n; H2SO4n Khi t/d vi : O2, H2O<5700C, 3)C tnh kh v oxyhoa, nhng kh l ch yu Ptp/ 4) C tnh oxy ha Ptp/

- -----

Fe(III)?

---------------Fe3O4? 3) H/cht Fe(II) c t/c hh g? V d/ 4) H/cht Fe(III) c tnh cht hh g? V d? Hot ng 2: Bi tp: 1)Vit ptp/: a) Fe2O3 Fe FeCl3 FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 FeCl3 Fe b) FeS2 Fe2O3 FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 2)Ngm 1 l Fe c k.lng 100g trong dd HCl. Thu c 672 ml H2(kc), th khi lng l kl gim 1,68 %. Tm kl?(Ca, Al, Fe, Mg)

II. Bi tp:
1. Vit ptp/ 2) 2M +2nHCl

2MCln + nH2

0,06 0,03mol n mFeph.u 100 = 1,68% m Fe ph.ng=1,68 g mFeb

M = 0,06 = 28n 3)Cho 1,26 g kl M t/d ht vi dd H2SO4 long thu c 3,42 g mui sunfat. Tm M? (Mg, Fe, Zn, Al)

1,68.n

n=2, M= 56 l Fe

3) C th dng pp tng, gim kl 2M + n H2SO4 2mol x mol x= 0,045/n mol

M2(SO4)n + nH2
tng 96n g tng (3,42-1,26) =2,16 g

4) Ha tan 15,4 gam hh gm Fe,Mg, Al trong dd HCl d, thy bay ra 6,72 lt H2(kc).Tnh khi lng mui trong dd? (35,7g; 53,7g; 36,7g; 63,7g) Hot ng 3: Nhn xt tit hc Dn d

4) K.loi +2 HCl Mui clorua + H2 Kh.lng mui clorua = m k.l + mClmCl- = nCl-.35,5; m nCl- = nHCl = 2n H2 = 2. 22,4 =0,6
6,72

Fe

1,26 M = 0,045 n = 28n

M=56

m Mui = 15,4 + 0,6.35,5 = 36,7 g

41

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Tit 25:

HP CHT CA ST
I. Mc tiu:

- Cng c v khc su kin thc :

- T/c ha hc, iu ch cc hp cht ca ST - Rn k nng vit ptpu, nhn bit , gii cc loi bi tp v cc hp cht ca ST II. Phng php: Hi p tho lun m thoi din ging-Hng dn HS gii bi tp

III.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi: HOT NG CA GV V HS

Hot ng 1: 1) Oxyt, hydroxyt st(II) c nhng t/cht hh g c bn? 2) Mui st(II) c nhng t/cht hh g c bn? 3) Oxyt, hydroxyt st(III) c nhng t/cht hh g c bn? 4) Mui st(III) c nhng t/cht hh g c bn? Hoat ng 2: 1)Vit ptp/: FeS2 Fe2O3 Fe FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 FeCl3 FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 FeO 2) Cho st t/dung vi dd H2SO4 loang thu c V lit H2(kc), dd thu c cho bay hi c tinh th FeSO4.7H2O co khi lng la 11,12 g. Gia tri cua V la: (0,672l; 0,448l; 0,896l;0,336l)

NI DUNG I. Kin thc cn nh:

1)Tnh baz; tinh kh, tinh oxy hoa 2) Tinh kh, tinh oxy hoa. 3) Tinh baz; tinh oxy hoa 4) Tinh oxy hoa II. Bai tp: 1) S dung cht thich hp cvho mi p/, vit tng ptp/ 2) Vit ptpu: Hng dn HS: T ptpu nFeSO4.7H2O =

nH2 = nFeSO4 =

VH2= 0.04.22,4 = 0,896 lit

11,12 = 0,04 mol 278

3) Ngm 1 la st trong 100 ml dd CuSO4. Phan ng kt thuc thy la st nng thm 0,4 gam. Tinh CM dd CuSO4 a dung?(0,1M; 0,05M; 0,4M; 0,5M)

3) HD HS vit ptpu, giai theo pp tng, giam k.l Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu 56 g 1mol 64 g, k.l tng 8 g x mol 0,4 g x=
0,4.1 = 0,05(mol) 8

CM=

0,05 = 0,5(M) 0,1

4) HDHS giai theo pp bao toan nguyn t 4) Hn hp A gm 0,1 molFeO; 0,1 mol Fe3O4; nFe trc p/ = nFe sau p/ 0,2 molFe2O3. Cho A t/dung vi dd HCl d, dd B Tinh nFe trong A = 0,1.1 + 0,1.3 + 0,2.2 = 0,8 mol = thu c t/dung vi dd NaOH d c kt tua C, nFe trong D Loc sach kt tua ri nung trong khng khi nhit T nFe trong D nFe2O3 = 0,8/2 = 0,4(mol) cao n khi lng khng i c cht rn D. mFe2O3 = 0,4.160 = 64 g Tinh khi lng D?( 64 g; 160g; 80g; 32g) 5) HDHS vit ptpu, Tinh c s molCO2 5) Kh hoan toan 32 g Fe2O3 bng khi CO nhit Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 42

THPT Nng Cng

cao. Khi i ra sau phan ng c dn vao dd Ca(OH)2 d. Khi lng kt tua thu c la?
32 =0,2(mol) 160

GV:L Thanh Quyt

0,6 (mol)

CO2 t/d vi dd Ca(OH)2 d tao mui trung hoa CaCO3 nCaCO3 = nCO2= 0,6 mol mCaCO3 = 0,6.100 = 60 (g) Hoat ng 3 : Cung c t/cht cua h/cht st(II), (III)

Tit 26:

CROM VA HP CHT CA CROM

I. Mc tiu:

- Cng c v khc su kin thc : - T/c ha hc cua crom va hp cht cua crom - Rn k nng vit ptpu, nhn bit , gii cc loi bi tp v crom va hp cht cua crom II. Phng php: t cu hoi tho lun m thoi din ging-Hng dn HS gii bi tp
III.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi:

HOAT NG CUA GV V HS
Hoat ng 1 1) Cu hinh e cua Cr, Cr2+, Cr3+ ? 2) Crom co tinh cht hoa hoc nh th nao ? so vi st ? 3) Crom khng tac dung vi cht nao sau y ? O2, F2, S, dd HCl, dd HNO3 loang, H2SO4, ngui, HNO3,ngui ; H2SO4loang, Cl2. 4) Cho Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrO3 . a) Cht tac dung vi nc ? b) Cht tac dung vi dd kim ? c) Cht tac dung vi dd axit ? .Co nhn xet gi v tinh cht hh cua oxyt va hydroxyt Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrO3? 5) Mui crom(VI) co t/c hh gi c trng ? mui crom(III) ? Hoat ng 2 : 43

NI DUNG
I. Kin thc c ban
1)3d54s1, 3d44s0 , 3d34s0 2)Co tinh kh kha manh, manh hn st 3) H2SO4, ngui, HNO3,ngui

4.a) CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4 2CrO3 + H2O H2Cr2O7 b) Cr2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaCrO2 + H2O Cr(OH)3 + NaOH NaCrO2 + 2H2O CrO3 + 2NaOH Na2CrO4 + H2O c) Cr2O3 +6 HCl 2CrCl3 + 3H2O Cr(OH)3 + 3HCl CrCl3 + 3H2O .Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3 la cht lng tinh. CrO3 co tinh axit. 5) Mui crom(VI) co tinh oxy hoa. Mui crom(III) co tinh kh la chu yu

II. Bai tp :

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

1) Hd Hs tim cht thich hp vit cac ptpu 1) Vit ptpu : Cr2O3 Cr Cr2O3 CrCl3 Cr(OH)3 NaCrO2 Cr(OH)3 Cr2(SO4)3. 2) ptpu: 2Na2Cr2O7 2Na2O + 2Cr2O3 + 3O2 2) Dun nong 52,4 gam natri dicromat ngi ta thu c 15 gam crom(III)oxyt. Vit ptpu va xet xem natri dicromat a phan ng ht cha? 3) Cho bit mau sc cua : Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrO3 ,K2Cr2O7. Theo bai:
52,4 = 0,2(mol) 262 15, 2 = 152

0,1(mol) 2Na2Cr2O7 phan ng cha ht. 3) Luc thm, luc xam, o thm, da cam.

Hoat ng 3 : Cung c, dn do

Tit 27:

LUYN TP CHUNG V: ST- HP CHT- HP KIM ST

I. MC TIU:

- Cng c v khc su kin thc :

T/c ha hc, Fe, h/cht, hp kim ca Fe - Rn k nng : Vit ptpu, phn bit, tch cht, gii thch hin tng, gii cc loi bi tp v Fe, h/cht, hp kim Fe II. PHNG PHP: Hi p tho lun din ging-Hng dn HS gii bi tp

III.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi: HOT NG CA GV V HS

Hot ng 1: 1) Tnh cht hh ca Fe v h/cht? - Trong p/ st th hin tnh cht ha hc g? - Fe nhng bao nhiu e? - Khi no nhng 2 e - Khi no nhng 3 e? 2) Tnh cht hh ch yu ca h/cht Fe(II)? 3) Tnh cht hh ch yu ca h/cht Fe(III)? 4) Fe c loi hp kim quan trng no?Nguyn liu iu ch? p/php? 44

NI DUNG I. Kin thc c bn:

Tnh cht hh ca Fe v h/cht 1. Tnh kh - 2e hoc 3 e - Khi t/d vi: pk.yu(S,I2), dd mui(CuSO4..) dd axit khng c tnh oxy ha(HCl, H2SO4 long..) H2O(>5700C) - Khi t/d vi : pk mnh(F2, Cl2, ) axit1 c tnh oxy ha(HNO3 long, , nng, H2SO4 ,nng) 2) Tnh kh 3) Tnh oxy ha 4) Gang v thp Gang /ch t St oxyt bng pp nhit luyn Thp /ch t gang, bng cc pp: pp Betxme, pp Mac-tanh, pp L in.(Oxy ha cc tp cht trong

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

gang loi ra c thp)

Hot ng 2: 1) Chn cht v vit ptp/ thc hin s : (2) ( 3) Fe(II) Fe(III) Fe(III) (1) Fe
(5) V d: . Fe(III) (1) Fe (4) (6)

II. Bi tp:

. Fe2O3 (1) Fe Fe2O3 + 3CO

2Fe + 3CO2

. Fe(III) Fe
( 4) ( 3) Fe(III) . Fe(II)

. 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 Hay: Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O . . 2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3 + Cu

2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + CuCl2

. Fe(II) (6) Fe(III)

Hdn HS thc hin vit cc ptp/. 2) C hh bt cc kim loi: Fe, Cu, Ag. Dng nhng p/ hh no chng minh trong hh c mt cc k.loi trn? P.tch : C k.loi no trc, sau H trong dy h hh ca k.loi? Cu, Ag kim loi no tan trong dd mui ca kim loi kia? Vy c th dng dd HCl(H2SO4 long), dd AgNO3 CM( cng dng nhn bit).

Fe trc H Cu, Ag sau H Kim loi mnh hn tan trong dd mui ca l.oi yu hn Cu tan trong dd AgNO3. - Ngm hh trong dd HCl, mt phn hh b ha tan, c kh thot ra l H2, chng t c Fe.Vit ptp/ - hh cn li ngm trong dd AgNO3, c dd c mu xanh l Cu(NO3)2( Cu) v cht rn l Ag 3)

3) Tch ring Fe, Cu, Ag bng cc phn ng ha hc? Trn c s bi 2 phn tch Hd HS lp s tch:

FeCl2(HCl d)(1) - hh(Cu,Fe,Ag) ddHCl lc Cu,Ag(2) (1) + NaOH d Fe(OH)2 (NaCl ,NaOH d) lc ly kt ta , em nung ri dng H2 kh, c Fe. (2) ha tan trong dd AgNO3 va c Ag v dd Cu(NO3)2 (3) , lc c Ag v dd(3). dd Fe(NO3)2 (3) + Fe Cu(Fe d) + HCl Fe tan ht cn li Cu

45

THPT Nng Cng

-Vit y cc ptp/ 4) a) 4) Nu, gii thch hin tng v vit ptp/ trong cc trng hp sau: a) Nh dn dn dd KMnO4 n d vo dd hh A gm H2SO4v FeSO4? - Mu ca dd KMnO4 ? - Mu ca ddA? - Hin tng? - Phn ng?

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Lc u mu tm nht dn khng mu dd li xut hin mu tm. - Mu tm nht dn n khng mu l do p/ chuyn Mn+7 Mn2+ 10FeSO4 +2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + 8H2O. . Xut hin mu tm tr li l do KMnO4 d. b) -Mu tm nht dn n mt mu, - p/ng nh trn 5)

b) Nh dn dd FeSO4 vo dd hh B gm KMnO4 v H2SO4 n d? -Hin tng? 5) Kh 16g bt oxyt st bng CO nhit cao.Sau khi p/ kt thc, khi lng cht rn gim 4,8g.Xc nh cng thc oxyt st/(FeO; Fr2O3; Fe3O4; hay va l FeOva l Fe3O4) - t CTPT FexOy , Vit ptp/ - C th dng s : - Nhn xt v thnh phn nguyn t trong cc cht? - Ng.t Oxy trong oxyt? Khi lng cht rn gim l g? mO=?

FexOy + yCO x Fe + yCO2 Oxyt st + nCO x Fe + nCO2 Ng.t O(oxyt) chuyn vo CO2 -Khi lng cht rn gim = m oxy tch ra = 4,8g nO(oxyt) = 4,8/16= 0,3 (mol) Khi lng Fe(oxyt) = 16-4,8 =11,2(g) nFe = 11,2/56= 0,2(mol)

nO=?

mFe=? nFe =? T l mol?CTPT? 6) Nung mt mu thp c khi lng 10 g trong kh oxy d, ngi ta thu c 0,196 lt kh CO2( O0C, 0,8 atm).Hy xc nh thnh phn ca C trong thp? - Ptp/? C trong thp b t chy? -VCO2=? nCO2(kc)=? - mC %C Hot ng 3: Cng c Y/c Hs nhc li mt s t/cht ca Fe v h/cht ca 46

nFe : nO = 0,2 : 0,3 =2 : 3 6)

Fe2O3

C + O2 nCO2=

CO2

nC = nCO2 = 0,007 mol %C = 0,007.12 .100 = 0,84(%)

10

0,8.0,196 P.V = 0,082.273 = 0,007(mol) R.T

THPT Nng Cng

Fe, /ch hp kim.

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Tit 28

LUYN TP CHUNG V: Cr-Cu-Ni-Zn-Sn-Pb

I. MC TIU:

- Cng c v khc su kin thc :

T/c ha hc ca Cr-Cu-Ni-Zn-Sn-Pb v h/cht ca chng - Rn k nng : Vit ptpu, gii cc loi bi tp v Cr-Cu-Ni-Zn-Sn-Pb v h/cht ca chng II. PHNG PHP: Hi p tho lun So snh-din ging-Hng dn HS gii bi tp

III.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi:

HOT NG CA GV Hot ng 1: 1) Lp bng(bng trng Hs in) v c tnh ca n cht Cr Cu hnh e, s oxh Tn h kh ng dn g Cu Ni Zn Sn Pb Cu hnh e, s oxh Tnh kh HOT NG CA HS

I. Kin thc c bn
1)

Cr Cu 3d54s1 3d104s1 +2,+3 ,+6 Tn g i mnh +2, (+1) Rt yu

Ni Zn 3d84s2 3d104s2 +2 Yu +2 Mnh

Sn Pb 5s25p2 6s26p2 +2,+4 Yu +2,+4 Yu

ng dn g: + -Ch to hp kim. - M + hoc trn g k.l. 47

Cn

pin

Ac qui,

THPT Nng Cng

/d khc in

GV:L Thanh Quyt

2) Lp bng v t/cht mt s hp cht: H/cht V d T/cht Cr(III) Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3 Mui Cr(VI) CrO3 Cr2O72-,.. Cu(II) CuO, Cu(OH)2 Mui Zn(II) ZnO, Zn(OH)2 Mui

2) H/cht Cr(III) Cr2++ Cr3+ Cr(VI) Cu(II) Cu2+ Zn(II) Zn2+ V d Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3 CrCl2 ... CrCl3... CrO3 Cr2O72-,.. CuO, Cu(OH)2 CuSO4 ... ZnO, Zn(OH)2 ZnSO4 ... T/cht Lng tnh Tnh kh Tnh oxy ho, kh Axit, tnh oxy ha Oxy ha Bazo Tnh oxy ha mnh Lng tnh Tnh oxy ha yu

II. Bi tp:
1) Hot ng 2: 1) Cho 1 l Zn vo 20 g dd CuSO4 10%. Sau khi p/ kt thc, nng % ca dd sau p/ l: 11%; 10,05%; 11,05%; 12%. Hd : P/ ? Tnh khi lng, s mol CuSO4 p/? Zn + CuSO4 nCuSO4 =

ZnSO4 + Cu

Theoptp/: Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu 0,0125 0,0125 0,0125 0,0125 k.lng cht tan(ZnSO4) = 0,0125.161 = 2,0125(g) k.lng dd sau p/=mZn + mddCuSO4 mCu

mdd .C % 20.10 = = 0,0125(mol) 100.M 100.160

= 0,0125.65 + 20- 0,0125.64 = 20,0125(g)

2,0125 C% = 20,0125 .100 = 10,05(%)

C th gii bng pp tng, gim khi lng: Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu 65g 160g (1mol) 161 g 64 g, k.lg cht tan tng:1 g 0,0125g 0.0125 mol mdd sau p/ = mdd b + m tng = 20 + 0,0125 = 20,0125(g) mZnSO4 = 0,0125.161 = 2,0125(g) C% = 20,0125 .100 = 10,05(%) 2) R + Cu(NO3)2 48
2,0125

- C th gii bng pp khc?

R(NO3)2 + Cu

THPT Nng Cng

a mol R + Pb(NO3)2 a mol

GV:L Thanh Quyt

2) Hai thanh kim loi ging nhau(cng ng.t R ha tr II)c cng khi lng.Cho a mol thanh th nht vo dd Cu(NO3)2 v thanh th 2 vo dd Pb(NO3)2 . Sau 1 thi gian khi (R-64)a = 0,2 2 s mol mui bng nhau, ly 2 thanh k.l ra (207-R)a = 28,4 R = 65 Zn khi dd thy thanh th nht gim i 0,2% cn k.lg thanh th 2 tng 28,4%. Ng.t R l(Cu, Ni, Zn, Mg). Hd: 3) - K.loi R, ng.t khi R - Pt p/? 2Cu+ O2 2CuO (1) - K.lg kim loi tng,gim? + Coi k.lg kim loi ban u l 100g th (A )c CuO v Cu d v SP cn c p/ vi HNO3 to NO tng k.lg thanh k.l th nht l 0,2g v gim khi lng thanh th 2 l 28,4 g. CuO + 2HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2O (2) + mt khc s mol 2 mui bng nhau nn ta 3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + H2O + NO (3) c: - HS gii: T nNO Tnh c nCu v nHNO3(3) 3) t 6,4 g Cu trong khng kh. Ha tan sn phm thu c (A) vo dd HNO3 0,5M, 0,244 6,4 c 0,224 lt kh NO(kc).Tnh V nCu = = 0,1(mol), VNO= 22,4 = 0,01(mol) ddHNO3 ti thiu cn ha tan ht A?( 0,08 64 lt; 0,42 lt; 0,5 lt; Tnh c nCu(1) nCuO nHNO3(2) HdHS: - t Cu trong kk.c p/ no xy ra? 3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 4H2O + 2NO (3) - Sn phm A c nhng cht g? V sao? 0,015 mol 0,04mol 0,01mol - Ptp/ vi dd HNO3 ? 2Cu + O2 2CuO (1) 0,085mol (0,1-0,015)mol - Bit VNO nNO Tnh c cht CuO + 2HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2O (2) no? 0,085mol 0,17mol 0,04 + 0,17 - C nCuban u, tnh c cht no? VHNO3 = = 0,42 (lt) 0,5 HS gii: 4) Mg + CuSO4

R(NO3)2 + Pb

a mol

MgSO4 + Cu (1)

4) Cho hh gm 1,12g Fe v 0,24g Mg t/d vi 250 ml dd CuSO4 a (mol/l). Phn ng xong thu c kim loi c khi lng l 1,88 g. Tnh a?(0,2 M; 0,1M, 0,15M, 0,125M) Hd: Fe,Mg c p/ vi dd CuSO4? -Vit ptp/ -Tnh s mol k.loi?

Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu (2) nMg= 0,01 mol; nFe = 0,02 mol nCu = 0,03 mol mCu = 0,03.64 = 1,92(g) 1,92 > 1,88 Chng t k.loi khng p/ ht. Mg c tnh kh mnh hn Fe nn p/ trc: Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu (1) 0,01 mol 0,01 mol mCu = 0,01.64= 0,64(g) Khi lng k.loi cn li = 1,88-0,64 = 1,24(g) Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu (2) 49

THPT Nng Cng

- Nu da vo s mol 2 k.loi, tnh ra s mol Cu = ? mCu =?So snh vi gi thit? Chng t? - Kim loi no p/ trc? - HS gii trn bng:

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Khi lng Fe d = 1,12 56x

Khi lng Cu sinh ra =64x

x mol (56x g)

x mol(64x g)

Khi lng k.loi cn li = (1,12-56x) + 64x = 1,24 x = 0,015(mol)

Tng s mol CuSO4 = Tng s mol Cu = 0,01 + 0,015 = 0,025 [CuSO4] = 0,025/0,25 = 0,1(M)

Hot ng 3: Cng c y/c HS nhc li mt s t/cht hh c bn va n tp

Tit 29

LUYN TP V: NHN BIT ION TRONG DUNG DCH

I. MC TIU:

- Cng c v khc su kin thc :

Nguyn tc v Cch nhn bit cc ion( anion, cation) trong dd - Rn k nng : gii cc bi tp v nhn bit, lm th nghim v nhn bit II. PHNG PHP: Hi p tho lun din ging-Hng dn HS gii bi tp

III.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi: HOT NG CA GV V HS

Hot ng 1 : 1. Nhn bit tng cation ? . Ba2+ dng dd ? du hiu ? pt/pu . Fe2+ ......................................... . Fe3+, ........................................ . Al3+ , .......................................

NI DUNG I. Kin thc c bn

Dd SO42-, trng. Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4. ..... OH- , trng, xanh nu Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2 .......OH-, nu , Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 ......OH d, keo trng, tan trong kim d 3+ Al + 3OH- Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO2- + 2H2O ..... NH3d ( OH-) xanh, tan thnh dd xanh lam Cu2+ + NH3 + 2H2O Cu(OH)2 + NH4+ Cu(OH)2 + 2NH3 [Cu(NH3)2](OH)2. Dng dd Ba2+, trng. Ba2+ + SO42(Mi trng axit long d) 50

. Cu2+, ......................................... 2. Nhn bit tng anion ? 2. SO4 dng dd g ? du hiu ? ptp/ ?

BaSO4.

THPT Nng Cng

.NO3 , .................................................
-

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Dd H2SO4 l, Cu, cho dd mu xanh v kh ha nu trong kk, 3Cu + 2NO3- + 8H+ 3Cu 2+ + 2NO + 4H2O 2NO +O2 2NO2. Dd AgNO3( mi trng HNO3 long), trng + - Ag + Cl AgCl Dd H+(HCl, H2SO4), c kh bay ra CO32- + 2H- H2O +CO2. Dd Ca(OH)2, trng, CO32- + Ca2+ CaCO3.

. Cl-, .................................................... . CO32-, ................................................

Hot ng 2 Bi 1 : C 3 dd mui clorua ca 3 dd :Ba2+, Fe2+, Fe3+. Trnh by cch nhn bit ?

II. Bi tp :
Bi 1 : HD Hs : Dng thuc th g ? - Dng dd H2SO4 - dd kim Tin hnh : Ly mi dd mt t vo ng nghim - nh dd H2SO4 vo mi ng, ng no c kt ta trng l BaCl2. - Ly 2 dd cn li cho t/d vi dd NaOH, dd cho kt ta nu l FeCl3, dd cho kt ta trng hi xanh sau ha nu l dd FeCl2. - Vit ptp/. Bi 2 : HD :Dng dd NaOH d NH4+ : C kh mi khai bay ra( lm qu tm ha xanh)ptp/ Mg2+ : Cho kt ta keo trng, ptp/ Fe3+ : Cho kt ta nu , ptp/u Al3+ : keo trng, tan trong kim d 3+ Al + 3OH- Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO2- + 2H2O + K : Khng c hin tng g. - Nhn c tt c 5 dd Bi 3 : HD : Nhn Na2CO3 trc, ri n Na2SO4 , sau l NaCl, NaNO3 -Dng dd HCl nhn : Na2CO3 - Dng dd BaCl2 nhn : Na2SO4 - Dng dd AgNO3 nhn NaCl Cn li NaNO3 Bi 4 : HD : Ch c 3 dd p/ cho du hiu nhn bit : -Ba(HCO3)2 p/ cho trng v c kh khng mu, khng mi - Na2CO3 p/ cho kh khng mu, khng mi - Na2S p/ cho kh khng mu, mi trng thi

Bi 2 :C 5 dd ring r cha mui nitrat ca : NH4+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Al3+, K+. Cho t/d ln lt vi dd NaOH. Hy nu hin tng v cho bit c th nhn c my dd ?

Bi 3 : Nu cch nhn bit 4 dd : NaNO3, Na2CO3, NaCl, Na2SO4 ?

Bi 4 : C 5 dd ring bit khng qu long, khng ghi nhn l : NaCl, Ba(HCO3)2, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, Na2S. Ch dng dd H2SO4 long nh vo tng dd th c th nhn c dd no ?

51

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Hot ng 3 : Cng c. Dn d.

Tit 30:

LUYN TP V: NHN BIT MT S CHT KH

I. MC TIU:

- Cng c v khc su kin thc :

Nguyn tc v Cch nhn bit MT S KH - Rn k nng : gii cc bi tp v nhn bit, lm th nghim v nhn bit II. PHNG PHP: Hi p tho lun din ging-Hng dn HS gii bi tp

III.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi: HOT NG CA GV V HS

Hot ng 1 Nhnbit kh : 1.CO2 : Thuc th ? du hiu ? Ptp/ ?

NI DUNG I. Kin thc c bn :

1. Dng dd Ca(OH)2 hoc dd Ba(OH)2, C trng, kt ta tan trong axit. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O. 2. Dng dd nc brom d, Lm nht mu dd Br2( hoc dd KMnO4) SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr. 3. dng dd mui Cu2+, Pb2+. Cho en H2S + Cu2+ CuS +2H+. Kt ta khng tan trong HCl, H2SO4 long. 4. Mi khai c trng, lm qu tm m ha xanh

2.SO2 : ...................................................... 3. H2S : ..................................................... 4. NH3 : ..................................................... Hot ng 2 Bi 1 : C 2 bnh kh CO2 v SO2 khng ghi nhn. C th dng dd nc vi trong, dd Ba(OH)2 nhn bit c khng ? V sao ? Tm cch nhn bit ? Bi 2 : Bng pp ha hc hy nhn bit 3 bnh kh : CO2 ,NH3, H2S ?

II. Bi tp :
Bi 1 : Khng th dng nhn bit.V u to kt ta trng Dng dd brom nhn bit SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr. CO2 khng p/ vi nc brom. Bi 2 : Dng dd CuSO4 nhn c cc kh : H2S p/ to kt ta en H2S + CuSO4 CuS + H2SO4. - NH3 p/ to kt ta xanh, tan trong NH3 d Cu2+ + NH3 + 2H2O Cu(OH)2 + NH4+ 52

THPT Nng Cng

Cu(OH)2 + 2NH3 Cn li CO2. Bi 3 : Trnh by pp ha hc nhn bit 4 kh ring bit sau : SO2 , H 2 S , SO3 , CO2

GV:L Thanh Quyt

[Cu(NH3)2](OH)2.

Bi 3 : Th t nhn bit : 1. Dng dd Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ nhn H 2 S trc 2. Dng dd brom nhn SO2 3. Dng dd Ba(OH)2 nhn SO3khng tan trong axit cn CO2 tan tronh axit

SO2 H2S SO3 CO2 Bi 4 : C 5 l khng ghi nhn ng 5 dd sau : K2SO4, K2S, K2CO3, K3PO4, Na2SO3.Ch dng thuc th l dd H2SO4 c th nhn c dd no ?

SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O

H2SO4 + 2HBr.

Pb 2+ , Cu 2 + en H2S + CuSO4 CuS + H2SO4. SO3 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + H2O

CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O BaCO3 + 2H+ Ba2+ + CO2 + H2O

Bi 4 : Nhn c 3 dd. 5 dd Thuc th H2SO4 K2SO4, K2S H2S , mi trng thi K2CO3 CO2 , khng mi K3PO4 Na2SO3 SO2 , mi hc

Hot ng 3 : Cng c, dn d.

Tit 31:

LUYN TP CHUNG V: NHN BIT MT S DUNG DCH V CHT KH

I. MC TIU:
53

THPT Nng Cng - Cng c v khc su kin thc :

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Nguyn tc v Cch nhn bit MT S KH V DD - Rn k nng : gii cc bi tp v nhn bit, lm th nghim v nhn bit II. PHNG PHP: Hi p tho lun din ging-Hng dn HS gii bi tp

III.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi: HOT NG CA GV V HS

Hot ng 1 Gv nu ion, cht kh ,yu cu HS in vo bng trng :

NI DUNG I. Kin thc c bn :

HS nu thuc th, du hiu nhn bit, vit ptp/

NHN BIT CC ION

Ion 1 SO
2 3

Thuc th H+ Ba 2+

Hin tng Kh mi hc, lm c dd Ca(OH)2. trng tan/H+ mi trng thi en khng tan trong H+ en khng tan trong H+ Kh lm c dd Ca(OH)2 trng tan trong H+ trng khng tan trong H+ trng en/kk trng tan/nc nng vng nht en/kk vng en/kk vng
keo trng nhy

S 2

H+ CuSO4 Pb( NO3 ) 2

2 3

Phn ng + 2H SO2 + H2O SO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO3 + H2O 22+ SO3 + Ba BaSO3 BaSO3 +2H+ Ba2+ + SO2 + H2O 2H+ + S2H2S
SO32+

Cu2+ + S2Pb2+ + S2CO32- + Ba2+ Ba

2+

CuS PbS
CaCO3 + H2O

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

CO SO

H Ba 2+ Ba
2+

CO2 + Ca(OH)2

BaCO3 BaSO4

H+

CO2

2 4

SO42-

Cl Br I
3 PO4

AgNO3 Pb( NO3 ) 2 AgNO3 AgNO3 HgCl2 AgNO3 Axit

Ag+ + ClPb2+ + 2Cl-

AgCl
PbCl2

as

Ag

as Ag+ + BrAgBr Ag (2Ag +1/2O2 + H2S Ag2S + H2O) as Ag+ + I AgI Ag

Hg2+ + 2I 3Ag+ + PO432H+ + SiO32-

HgI 2
Ag3PO4 H2SiO3

SiO32 NO
3

H 2 SO4 , Cu dd xanh lam, kh ha nu trong kk OH Na2CO3

mi khai trng, tan/H+

2NO3- + 8H+ + Cu Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O 2NO + O2 2NO2

NH4+ + OHNH3 + H2O

11 12

+ NH 4

Ca , Mg 2+ , Ba 2 +

2+

CO2 + Ca2+ 54

CaCO3

H+

CO2

THPT Nng Cng

13 14 15 16 17 18 Mg 2+ Fe 2+ Fe3+ Cu 2+ Al , Zn Be 2+ Na + K+ Ca 2+
3+ 2+

GV:L Thanh Quyt

keo trng khng tan/ OH d trng xanh nu/kk Mg2+ + 2OHMg(OH)2

OH OH OH OH OH t

nu xanh lam
keo trng tan/ OH d

Fe 2+ + 2 OH Fe(OH)2 4 Fe(OH)2 +O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3 Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3

Cu2+ + 2OHCu(OH)2

Al3+ + 3OH-

Al(OH)3

OH-

AlO2-

La khng mu vng La mu tm La mu cam

NHN BIT KH
1 Kh SO2 H2S Thuc th dd Br2 dd KMnO4 Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ dd Br2 dd KMnO4 3 4 5 6 SO3 CO2 NH 3 HCl dd Ba(OH)2 dd Ca(OH)2 d Qu tm m Axit HCl m c Qu tm m NH 3 Ag , Pb 7 CO
+ 2+

Hin tng Mt mu nu Mt mu tm
en

Mt mu nu Mt mu tm
trng khng tan trong axit trng c, tan /H+

Phn ng SO2 + Br2 + H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr 5SO2 +2KMnO4 +2H2O 2MnSO4 +K2SO4 + 2H2SO4. H2S + Pb2+ PbS + 2H+ (H2S+ Cu2+ CuS + 2H+) H2S + Br2 2HBr + S 5H2S + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 5S + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8H2O SO3 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + H2O
CO2 + Ca(OH)2

CaCO3 + 2H Ha xanh Khi trng Ha Khi trng trng Pd sm Rn en , kh bay ra lm c dd Ca(OH)2 Lm xanh h tinh bt dd Br2 mu nu Rn en 55
NH3 + HCl NH3 + HCl HCl + Ag

Ca + H2O +CO2
2+

CaCO3 + H2O

NH4Cl NH4Cl AgCl + H+

dd PdCl2 CuO, to dd KI, h tinh bt dd KBr CuO, to

2HCl + Pb2+ PbCl2 + 2H+ PdCl2 + CO + H2O Pd + CO2 + 2HCl CuO + CO Cu + CO2

8 9

Cl2 H2

Cl2 + 2KI Cl2 + 2KBr CuO + H2

2KCl + I 2 2KCl + Br2 Cu + H2O

THPT Nng Cng

10 NO 11 O2 12 O3 13 NO2 14 N 2 Khng kh .Mu than nng . Cu dd KI + h tinh bt Qu tm m Cht cn li Khng mu nu Bng chy Rn thnh en Xanh h tinh bt Ha
2NO + O2 C + O2 CO2 2NO2

GV:L Thanh Quyt

2Cu + O2 2CuO O3 +2KI + H2O

4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O

O2 +2KOH + I 2
4HNO3

Hot ng 2: Bi 1: trnh by cch nhn bit 3 dd BaCl2, FeCl3, CuSO4?

II. Bi tp

Bi 1: Dng dd c SO42-, c trng l BaCl2. Dng dd NH3 cht p/ c nu l FeCl3. Cht p/ c xanh l CuSO4. BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4+ 2HCl Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 Cu2+ + 2OHCu(OH)2 Bi 2: C 5 dd Bi 2: C 5 dd ng trong 5 ng nghim khng ghi Hin tng: nhn( khong 0,1M): (NH4)2SO4, FeSO4, 5 dd Nh NaOH n d Al2(SO4)3, MgSO4, CuSO4.Ch dng dd NaOH nh (NH4)2SO4 NH3 t t vo mi dd, c th nhn bit c bao nhiu FeSO4 trng hi xanh dd? Vit ptp// nu keo trng tan Al2(SO4)3 keo trng MgSO4 CuSO4. xanh Vit ptp/ Bi 3: C 4 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng ng mt trong cc dd sau(khong 0,1M):KCl, K2CO3, NaHSO4, C2H5NH2. Ch dng giy qu tm nhng vo tng dd, quan st s i mu, c th nhn c dd no ? Nu hin tng? Bi 3: Nhn c 2 dd KC, NaHSO4. Hin tng: 4 dd Qu tm KCl Khng i mu K2CO3 i mu xanh NaHSO4 i mu C2H5NH2 i mu xanh Bi 4: Bng nhiu cch, vd C1: Nhng mu giy lc tm dd Pb(NO3)2 vo 2 dd trn, dd no lm giy lc ha en l dd Na2S , dd cn li l Na2SO4(trng) C2: nh dd BaCl2 vo 2 dd cho, c trng l Na2SO4

Bi 4: Phn bit 2 dd ring r sau: Na2S v Na2SO4 bng mt thuc th.

Hot ng 3: Cng c, dn d

56

THPT Nng Cng

GV:L Thanh Quyt

Tit 32

LUYN TP CHUNG V: Ha hc v vn pht trin kinh t, x hi, mi trng

I. MC TIU:

- Cng c v khc su kin thc : Ha hc c vai tr ht sc quan trng v pht trin kinh t, x hi, mi trng - Rn k nng : gii cc bi tp nhn bit v : nng lng sch, cht gy nhim mi trng, bo v sc khe... II. PHNG PHP: Hi p tho lun din ging-Hng dn HS gii bi tp
III.Tin trnh bi dy: 1/ n nh lp 2/ Bi mi: HOT NG CA GV V HS
Hot ng 1 1) Cc dng nng lng c bn trn Tri t ?

NI DUNG I. Khi nim c bn :

2) lai ? 3)

1)Cc dng nng lng c bn trn Tri t : - Dng nhit nng(nhin liu) : Hin nay ch yu l than , du m v kh thin nhin(gi l nhin liu ha thch) - Thy nng( nng lng sch) : Thy in, thy triu, nng lng sng v cc dng hi lu... - Nng lng mt tri - Nng lng gi. 2) Nghin cu s dng cc nhin liu t nh hng n mi trng, nhin liu sch , nh Hydro, pin mt tri, Xu th pht trin nng lng cho tng nhin liu ht nhn, nng lng gi, nng lng sng... 3) Vt liu quan trng : - Vt liu compozit - Vt liu hh v c-h/c(knh thp..) Mt s ngnh sn xut vt liu quan trng ? - Vt liu hh nano... 4) Vai tr : m bo s sng v pht trin ca con ngi. C tnh quyt nh n s tn ti hay dit vong ca loi ngi. 5) Ha hc c th : - Nghin cu, sn xut cc cht c tc dng bo v v pht trin ng thc vt. - Nghin cu, sn xut cc cht c tc dng bo qun , nng cao cht lng lng thc thc phm. - Ch bin lng thc, thc phm c gi tr cao.cht ph gia...thc hin tt quy trnh v sinh an ton thc phm... 6) Vai tr : - Nghin cu ,sn xut nng cao cht lng , sn lng cc loi t si 57

4) Lng thc thc phm c vai tr nh th no i vi cuc sng con ngi ? 5)Ha hc c th lm g gp phn lm tng sn lng lng thc thc phm ?

THPT Nng Cng

6) Ha hc c vai tr nh th no trong vic p ng nhu cu may mc v bo v sc khe con ngi ?

GV:L Thanh Quyt

- Nghin cu, sn xut nng cao cht lng cc loi thuc nhum, ph gia... - Nghin cu, ch to nhiu loi thuc iu tr nhiu loi bnh him ngho. - Ch to nhiu loi ph gia, nhiu loi vacxin, khng sinh, vitamin... phng,cha bnh v nng cao sc khe con ngi. 7) L s thay i t/c ca mt, vi phm tiu chun mt. - nhim k.kh : s c mt cht l hoc s bin i quan trng trong th.phn kk. - nhim t : h sinh thi mt cn bng khi c mt s cht v hm lng ca chng vt qu gii hn. - nhim nc : C s thay i thnh phn v t/c ca nc a/hng n hot ng sng bnh thng ca con ngi v sinh vt. - Nguyn nhn : do t nhin v c bit l do hot ng sng sinh hot, sn sut, kimh doanh ca con ngi to ra. - Cn thit phi bo v mt : Ty theo mc nhim m tc ng khc nhau n sc khe con ngi( bnh tt, ung th, chm pht trin,km tr tu, t vong), nh hng trc tip n s sinh trng, pht trin hay b hy dit ca ng thc vt. Phi hc tp hiu bit v nhim mi trng v thc hin bo v mi trng thng xuyn, khng phi ch hc mt ln m l hc sut i, t tui u th n tui trng thnh khng phi ch mt mnh m l c cng ng. Mi ngi cng dn u phi c trch nhim v mi trng,tch cc bo v mi trng sng trong lnh Bi 1 : B

7) Th no l nhim mi trng ? nhim k.kh ? nhim t ? nhim nc ? Nguyn nhn ? Cho bit s cn thit phi bo v mi trng khi b nhim ?

Hot ng 2 : Bi 1 : Nhin liu c coi l sch, t gy nhim mi trng hn c l : A. Than , xng du. B. Kh thin nhin. C. Than cc,g. D. Than ,ci. Bi 2 : Cht Acesulfam K( cht ngt nhn to) c php dng trong ch bin lng thc thc phm nhng vi liu lng chp nhn 0-15mg/kg

II. Bi tp : Bi 2 : D.

Bi 3 : D

58

THPT Nng Cng

trng lng c th mt ngy. Nh vy, mt ngi nng 50kg, trong mt ngy c th dng lng ny ti a l : A. 15mg. B.30mg. C.1500mg. D.750mg Bi 4 : D Bi 3 : Cc tc nhn gy nhim mi trng t hoc nc l : A. Cc anion : SO42-, NO3-, PO43-. B. Kim loi :Pb,Cd,As,Hg... C. Thuc bo v thc vt, phn ha hc. D. C A,B,C Bi 4 : Hm lng ch > 100ppm l t b nhim. Trong cc mu t nghin cu sau 1) Mu t gia cnh ng :125,4ppm ; (2)Mu t ni nu ch :387,6ppm ; (3)Mu t gn ni nu ch :2911,4ppm ; (4)Mu bn thi nc acquy :2166,0ppm. Mu b nhim ch l : A.1,4. B.2,3. C.3,4. D.1,2,3,4 Hot ng 3 : Cng c. Dn d

GV:L Thanh Quyt

59