Tit 1: n tp u nm

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - n tp, cng c, h thng ha kin thc cc chng ha hc i cng v v c (S in li, Nit - Photpho, Cacbon - Silic) v cc chng v ha hc hu c (i cng v ha hu c, hidrocacbon, dn xut halogen - ancol - phenol, andehit - xeton - axit cacboxylic). 2. K nng: - Rn luyn k nng da vo cu to ca cht suy ra tnh cht v ng dng ca cht. Ngc li, da vo tnh cht ca cht d on cu to ca cht. - K nng gii bi tp xc nh CTPT ca hp cht. II. Phng php: - m thoi

III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: Hot ng ca gio vin

Hot ng 1 * Cho HS Tho lun v tr li cc vn : Axit, Baz v phn ng v axit baz. - Hy nu khi nim v axit? - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho hc chung ca axit? - Vit cc PTHH chng minh? - Hy nu khi nim v baz? - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho hc chung ca baz? - Vit cc PTHH chng minh?

Hot ng ca hc sinh
n tp kin thc ha v c I. Axit, Baz v phn ng v axit baz: * Axit l nhng cht c kh nng phn li ra ion H+. VD: HCl, H2SO4, CH3COOH... - Tnh cht ho hc chung ca axit: + Lm i mu cht ch th. + Tc dng vi baz, oxit baz. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O. CuSO4 H2SO4 + CuO + H2O. + Tc dng vi kim loi: MgCl2 2HCl + Mg + H2 + Tc dng vi mui: H2SO4 + CaCO3 CaSO 4 + H2O+ CO2 * Baz l nhng cht c kh nng nhn proton. VD: NaOH, Ba(OH)2, NH3... - Tnh cht ho hc chung ca baz: + Lm i mu cht ch th. + Tc dng vi axit, oxit axit. HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O. H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 + 2H2O CO2 + Ba(OH) 2 BaCO3 + H2O. + Tc dng vi dd mui: Ca(OH)2 + NaCO3 CaCO3 + 2NaOH Ankan II. Ankan: -Ankan c CTTQ l CnH2n+2 (n1). VD: CH4, C2H6, C3H8 . . . -Tnh cht ho hc ca ankan: Ankan l hirocacbon no c phn ng th, phn ng tch hiro v phn ng

Hot ng 2 * Cho HS tho lun v tr li cc vn sau: - Hy nu CTTQ ca ankan? - Vit CTPT ca mtt s ankan lm v d?

- Hy nu cc tnh cht ho chy. hc ca an kan? - VD: - Vit phng trnh phn ng C2H6 minh ho? HCl

Cl2

askt

C2H5Cl

CH3 - CH3 H2 C3H8 + 5O2 4H2O Hot ng 3 * Cho HS tho lun v tr li cc vn sau: - Hy nu CTTQ ca anken? - Vit CTPT ca mt s anken lm v d? - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho hc ca an ken? - Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho?

CH2 = CH2 +

3CO2

Anken

III. Anken: - Anken c CTTQ l CnH2n (n2). - VD: C2H4, C3H6, C4H8 . . . - Tnh cht ho hc ca anken: - Anken l hirocacbon khng no c phn ng cng, phn ng trng hp v phn ng oxi ho. - VD: + Phn ng cng hiro: Ni, t0 CH2 = CH - CH3 + H2 CH3 - CH2 - CH3 CH2 = CH 2 + Br2 CH 2BrCH2Br + Phn ng trng hp: xt,t0 nCH2 = CH 2 ( CH2 CH2 ) n + Phn ng oxi ho: C3H6 + 9/2O 2 3CO2 + 3H2O Hot ng 4 Aren IV. Aren: * Cho HS tho lun v tr li - Aren c CTTQ l CnH2n-6 (n6). cc vn sau: VD: C6H6, C7H8, C8H10. . . - Hy nu CTTQ ca aren? - Tnh cht ho hc ca aren: - Vit CTPT ca mt s aren + Phn ng th: lm v d? Th nguyn t hiro vng benzen. - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho Fe,t0 hc ca aren? Vit phng VD: C6H6 + Br2 C6H5Br + trnh phn ng minh ho? HBr
H2SO4 ,t C6H6 + HNO 3 C6H5NO2 + H2O Th nguyn t hiro mch nhnh.
0

VD: C6H5CH3 + Br2 + HBr + Phn ng cng:

C6H5CH2Br

Ni,t VD: C6H6 + 3H2 Ni,t0 C6H6 + 3Cl2 + P oxi ho: t0 VD: C6H5CH3 + 2KMnO4 COOK +

C6H12 C6H6Cl6 C6H5-

2MnO2 + KOH + H2O Hot ng 5 * Cho HS tho lun v tr li cc vn sau: - Hy nu CTTQ ca ancol no n chc? - Vit CTPT ca mt s ancol no n chc lm v d? - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho hc ca ancol no n chc? - Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho? Ancol V. Ancol: - CTTQ ca ancol no n chc l CnH2n+1OH (n1). VD: C2H5OH, C3H7OH, C4H9OH . . . - Tnh cht ho hc ca ancol: + Phn ng th H ca nhm OH: VD: C2H5OH + Na C2H5ONa + H2 + Phn ng th nhm OH: VD: C2H5OH + HBr C2H5Br + H2O
H2SO4 C2H5OH + C2H5OH C2H5OC2H5 + 1400 C H2O

+ Phn ng tch nc: VD: C2H5OH H2O

H2SO4 1700 C

C2H4

Hot ng 6 * Cho HS tho lun v tr li cc vn sau: - Hy nu CTTQ ca anehit no n chc? - Vit CTPT ca mt s anehit no n chc lm v d? - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho hc ca anehit no n chc? - Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho? Hot ng 7 * Cho HS tho lun v tr li cc vn sau: - Hy nu CTTQ ca axit cacboxylic no n chc?

+ Phn ng oxi ho: Oxi ho khng hon ton: VD: t0 C2H5OH + CuO CH3CHO + Cu + H2O t0 CH3CHOHCH3 + CuO CH3COCH3 + Cu + H2O Oxi ho hon ton: t0 VD: C2H5OH + 3O2 + 2CO2 3H2O Anehit VI. Anehit: - CTTQ ca anehit no n chc l CnH2n+1CHO (n0). - Tnh cht ho hc anehit no n chc: + Phn ng cng hiro: VD: Ni,t0 CH3CHO + H2 CH3-CH2OH + Phn ng oxi ho khng hon ton: t0 RCHO + 2AgNO3 + H2O + 3NH3 RCOOH + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag ( phn ng trng gng) Axit cacboxylic VII. Axit cacboxylic: - CTTQ ca axit cacboxylic no n chc l Cn H2n+1COOH (n0).

- Vit CTPT ca mt s axit cacboxylic no n chc lm v d? - Hy nu cc tnh cht ho hc ca axit cacboxylic no n chc? - Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho?

- Tnh cht ho hc ca axit cacboxylic no n chc: + Tnh axit: S phn li thun nghch RCOO- + H+ R-COOH + Tc dng vi baz v oxit baz.

Tit 2: este
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: Khi nim, tnh cht ca este. - HS hiu: Nguyn nhn este khng tan trong nc v c nhit si thp hn axit ng phn. 2. K nng: - Vn dng kin thc v lin kt hidro gii thch nguyn nhn este khng tan trong nc v c nhit si thp hn axit ng phn. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TNBD. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, n cn. - Ha cht: Mu du n, m ng vt, dd H2SO4, dd NaOH. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gV

Hot ng ca hc sinh

Hot ng 1

Khi nim - Danh php I. Khi nim - Danh php:

H2SO4 CH3COOC2H5 +

* Cho HS vit pthh khi cho axit axetic tc dng vi ancol - C2H5OH + CH3COOH etylic v ancol isoamilic. H2O - CH3COOH * Cho HS bit cc hp cht H2SO4 to thnh l este. T yu cu HS rt ra khi nim, CTTQ. H2O +

Etyl axetat HO-[CH2]2-CH(CH3)2 +

CH3COO-[CH2]2-CH(CH3)2

* T tn gi ca cc este tn, yu cu HS a ra quy tc gi tn. Hot ng 2 * Cho HS quan st mu du thc vt, nghin cu SGK, t rt ra tnh cht vt l ca este. Hot ng 3 * Yu cu HS nghin cu SGK, t rt ra tnh cht ha hc ca este. GV hng dn HS vit pthh. * GV b sung: + Phn ng thy phn trong mi trng kim l phn ng x phng ha. + Ngoi ra este cn c phn ng gc HC.

Isoamyl axetat. - Khi thay nhm OH nhm cacboxyl ca axit cacboxilic bng nhm OR th ta thu c este. - Este c CTTQ: RCOOR. i vi este no, n chc, mch h: CnH2nO2 - Tn ca este RCOOR: Tn gc R + tn gc axit RCOO (ui at) Tnh cht vt l II. Tnh cht vt l: - iu kin thng: cht lng hoc rn, hu nh khng tan trong nc. - Nhit si thp hn so vi cc axit v ancol tng ng. - Mt s este c mi c trng. Tnh cht ha hc III. Tnh cht ha hc: - Este b thy phn trong mi trng axit v mi trng kim. + Thy phn trong mi trng axit: CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
H2SO4

C2H5OH + CH3COOH Phn ng ny l phn ng thun nghch + Thy phn trong mi trng baz: t0 CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH C2H5OH+ CH3COONa Phn ng ny xy ra mt chiu. Hot ng 4 iu ch IV. iu ch: * Yu cu HS nu cch iu - Este bng cch cho axit cacboxylic tc ch este. Vit PT iu ch. dng vi ancol * GV b sung: ngoi ra cn H2SO4 mt s este c iu ch RCOOH + ROH theo PP khc.VD: RCOOR + H2O CH3COOH + CH CH CH3COOCH= CH2 Hot ng 5 ng dng V. ng dng:

* Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t rt ra cc ng dng ca este. Hot ng 6 * HD v cho HS lm cc bi tp 2, 3, 4

- X phng, cht git ra, bnh ko, nc hoa . . . Cng c - Bi tp 2: A: C - Bi tp 3: A: C - Bi tp 4: A: B

Tit 3: lipit
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: Lipit l g? Tnh cht ha hc ca cht bo. - HS hiu: Nguyn nhn to nn cc tnh cht ca cht bo. 2. K nng: - Vn dng mi quan h cu to - tnh cht vit cc PTHH minh ha tnh cht este cho cht bo.

II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TNBD. III. Chun b: - Dng c: Cc - Ha cht: Mu du n, nc, etanol. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gio vin

Hot ng ca hc sinh

Hot ng 1 Kim tra bi c * Vit CTCT cc ng phn - HCOOCH2CH2CH3 este ng vi CTPT l C4H8O2. - HCOOCH(CH3)2 Gi 2 HS ln bng trnh by. - CH3COOC2H5 - C2H5COOCH3 Hot ng 2 Khi nim I. Khi nim: * Yu cu HS nu khi nim, - Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong t ly cc VD minh ha. t bo sng, khng ha tan trong nc, nhng tan nhiu trong cc dung mi * GV cho bit ta ch xt cht khng phn cc. bo. - VD: Cht bo, sp, steroit . . . Hot ng 3 Cht bo (khi nim) II. Cht bo: 1. Khi nim: * Yu cu HS nu khi nim - Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit v cht bo, t a ra bo, gi chung l triglixerit hay l khi nim v axit bo. triaxylglixerol. - Axit bo l cc axit n chc c mch C di v khng phn nhnh. VD: CH3(CH2)16COOH axit stearic CH3(CH2)14COOH axit panmitic Cis - CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COOH axit * Em hy a ra CTCT chung oleic ca cht bo. Ly cc VD - CTCT chung ca cht bo: minh ha. R1COO C H2
|

R COO C H (trong : R1, R2, R3 c th

2 |

Hot ng 4 * Cho HS quan st du hoc m, lm th nghim v tnh tan trong nc, t rt ra cc tnh cht vt l ca cht bo. Hot ng 5

R COO CH2 ging nhau hoc khc nhau). - VD: (CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5 Tristearoylglixerol hay tristearin (CH3[CH2]14COO)3C3H5 Tripanmitoylglixerol hay tripanmitin (CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COO)3C3H5 Trioleoylglixerol hay triolein Tnh cht vt l 2. Tnh cht vt l: - iu kin thng nu trong phn t c gc HC no l cht rn, gc HC khng no l cht lng. - Tan t trong nc, tan nhiu trong cc dung mi hu c. nh hn nc Tnh cht ha hc
3

3. Tnh cht ha hc: * Da vo kin thc hc, - C tnh cht nh l mt este. yu cu HS rt ra cc tnh a. Phn ng thy phn trong nc: H2SO4 cht ha hc ca cht bo. (CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5 + 3H2O Vit cc PTHH chng minh. 3CH3[CH2]16COOH + C3H5(OH)3 * GV b sung: b. Phn ng x phng ha: - Phn ng cng H2 ca cht t0 bo lng dng chuyn (CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH 3CH [CH ] COONa + 3 2 16 ha cht bo lng thnh C3H5(OH)3 rn. - Du m lu ngy d c. Phn ng cng H2 ca cht bo lng: t0 b i do trong phn t c lin (C17H33COO)3C3H5 + H2 kt C=C nn b d oxi ha (C17H35COO)3C3H5 chm to ra peoxit. Hot ng 6 ng dng 4. ng dng: * Nu cc ng dng ca cht - L thc n quan trng ca con ngi . . . bo m chng ta bit ? - L nguyn liu tng hp mt s cht cn thit khc trong c th . . . - Mt lng nh dng iu ch x phng. - Sn xut thc phm . . . Hot ng 7 Cng c * Vit CTCT ca cht bo (C17H31COO)3C3H5 ng vi axit linoleic C17H31COOH.

I. Mc tiu bi hc:

Tit 4: cht git ra

1. Kin thc: - HS bit: Khi nim v x phng, cht git ra tng hp. - HS hiu: Nguyn nhn to nn c tnh git ra ca x phng v cht git ra tng hp. 2. K nng: - S dng hp l x phng v cht git ra tng hp. 3. Tnh cm thi : - C thc s dng hp l c hiu qu x phng, cht git ra tng hp. - Bo v ti nguyn, mi trng. II. Phng php: - m thoi III. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gV

Hot ng ca hc sinh

Hot ng 1 Kim tra bi c * Vit CTCT thu gn ca - Este ca axit panmitic: trieste ca 2 axit: axit (C15H31COO)3C3H5 panmitic v axit stearic. - Este ca axit stearic: (C17H35COO)3C3H5 Hot ng 2 X phng - Khi nim I. X phng: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t 1. Khi nim: rt ra khi nim v x - X phng thng dng l hn hp mui phng v thnh phn ch natri hoc kali ca axit bo, c thm mt yu ca n. s ph gia khc. * GV b sung: Ngoi ra x - Thnh phn ch yu ca x phng: l phng cn c thm cht mui natri ca axit panmitic hoc stearic. n: cht ty mu, cht dit khun . . . Hot ng 3 Phng php sn xut 2. Phng php sn xut: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, - un cht bo vi dd kim trong thng kn rt ra phng php sn xut nhit cao. t0 x phng. (R-COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH * GV b sung: R-COONa + - Quy trnh sn xut x C3H5(OH)3 phng. Mui natri ca Anka - PP sn xutAxit x phng ngy axit cacboxylic cacboxyli n nay, t yu cu HS a c ra s . Hot ng 4 Cht git ra tng hp II. Cht git ra tng hp: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t 1. Khi nim: rt ra khi nim v cht - L nhng cht c tnh nng git ra git ra tng hp. nh x phng. 2. Phng php sn xut: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t - S sn xut:

 a ra s sn xut Axit v VD c th. Du

m oexyl benzensu nfonic

Natri oexylbenzen sunfonat

CH3[CH2]11C6H4SO3Na Hot ng 5 Tc dng ty ra ca x phng v cht git ra tng hp III. Tc dng ty ra ca x phng v cht git ra tng hp: * GV nu c ch ca qu - X phng: gim tc dng trong nc cng trnh lm sch vt bn ca do to kt ta vi kim loi trong nc cng. x phng trn hnh v. - Cht git ra tng hp: c tc dng git * T cho HS rt ra u nhc ra trong nc cng im ca mi loi. Hot ng 6 Cng c t0 Vit PTHH iu ch x (CH3[CH2]14COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH phng t cht bo ca axit 3CH3[CH2]14COONa + panmitic C3H5(OH)3

- VD: Na2CO3 CH3[CH2]11-C6H4SO3H

Tit 5: luyn tp: Este v cht bo

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c kin thc v este v lipit. 2. K nng: - Gii bi tp v este. II. Phng php: - m thoi III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: hot ng ca tr Kin thc cn nh 1. Este ca axit cacboxylic: * GV yu cu HS tr li cc cu HS tr li cc cu hi theo yu cu: hi: - Cng thc tng qut: RCOOR - Khi nim este? CnH2n +1+COOCmH2m + 1 - Cng thc tng qut ca este - Tnh cht ho hc: no, n chc, mch h? + Phn ng thu phn. - Cht bo? + Phn ng x phng ho. - Tnh cht ho hc ca este? 2. Lipit: - Cht bo: L trieste ca glixerol v axit bo. - CTTQ: (RCOO)3C3H5 - Tnh cht ha hc: Tng t nh este. Bi tp - HS lm vic theo nhm 4 - 5 ngi, tho * GV t chc HS hot ng lun tm cch gii cc bi tp. theo nhm 4 - 5 ngi, tho lun - i din HS trnh by trc lp bi gii. gii cc bi tp. * Tr li bi 1: HS gii v rt ra kin * Bi 1: Vit phng trnh phn thc: ng thc hin chuyn ho sau: - Tnh cht ca este. CH3COOC2H5 CH3CH2OH CH3 C HO - Phn ng oxi ho ancol bc I, anehit. 1. CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa+ CH3COOCH3 CH3COOH C2H5OH 2. C2H5OH + CuO CH3CHO + Cu + H2O 3. CH3CHO + 1/2 O 2 CH3COOH H2SO4 4. CH3COOH + CH3OH Hot ng 2 hot ng ca thy Hot ng 1

CH3COOCH3 + H2O

Hot ng 2 * Bi tp 2: Bng phng php ho hc, nhn bit cc cht lng sau: CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3, HCHO, C6H5OH, C3H5(OH)3. - Vit PTHH minh ho cc phn ng xy ra. Hot ng 3 * Bi tp 3: Cht E l este no, n chc, mch h. X phng ho hon ton 22 gam E cn dng va 0,25 mol NaOH. Xc nh CTCT ca este. * GV hng dn. - t cng thc este. - Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra. - Da vo PTHH, tm s mol este dng. - Tnh M n.

Bi tp v nhn bit * HS tho lun rt ra c: - Nhn bit axit: qu tm. - Nhn bit anehit bng AgNO3/NH3 - Nhn bit phenol bng dd Br2. - Nhn bit bng Cu(OH)2. - Cn li este. Bi tp v este * HS gii theo hng dn: - t cng thc: RCOOR - PTHH: RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH 0,25 0,25 2,2 M= = 88 0,25 CnH2nO2 = 88 n = 4. CTPT: C4H8O2 HCOOC3H7 CH3COOC2H5 CH3CH2COOCH3

Hot ng 4 Cng c * Yu cu HS so snh tnh cht - Tnh cht ha hc ca este v cht ha hc ca este v cht bo. bo l tng t nhau do u l este. Hot ng 5: Hng dn v nh Bi tp v nh: Lm bay hi 7,4 gam mt este no, n chc thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 3,2 gam kh oxi trong cng iu kin. a. Tm cng thc phn t ca A. b. Thc hin phn ng x phng ho 7,4 gam A vi dd NaOH n khi phn ng hon ton thu c 6,8 gam mui. Tm cng thc cu to v gi tn A.

Tit 6, 7: glucoz
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Cu trc dng mch h ca glucoz. - Tnh cht cc nhm chc ca glucoz gii thch cc hin tng ha hc. HS hiu: - Phng php iu ch, ng dng ca glucoz v fructoz. 2. K nng: - Khai thc mi lin h gia cu trc phn t v tnh cht ha hc. - Rn luyn k nng quan st, phn tch cc kt qu th nghim. - Gii cc bi tp c lin quan n hp cht ca glucoz v fructoz. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TNBD. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, kp, ng ht nh git, n cn. - Ha cht: Glucoz, cc dd AgNO3, NH3, CuSO4, NaOH. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: Hot ng ca gV Hot ng 1 Hot ng ca hc sinh Trng thi t nhin v tnh cht vt l
I. TRNG THI THIN NHIN V TNH CHT VT L:

* Cho HS quan st mu - Glucoz l cht rn kt tinh, khng glucoz v nghin cu sgk t mu, tantrong nc. C v ngt, c trong rt ra cc tnh cht vt l hu ht cc b phn ca cy (l, hoa,

v trng thI t nhin ca r). C nhiu trong qu nho, mt ong... glucoz. Trong mu ngi c mt lng nh glucoz, t l hu nh khng i l 0,1%. Cu to phn t Hot ng 2
II. CU TO PHN T:

* GV cho bit xc nh c CTCT ca glucoz phi tin hnh cc th nghim no? Hs tham kho v i n kt lun.

Hot ng 3

- Glucoz c phn ng trng bc, vy trong phn t glucoz c nhm - CHO. - Glucoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch mu xanh lam, vy trong phn t glucoz c nhiu nhm - OH v tr k nhau. - Glucoz to este cha 5 gc axit vy trong phn t c 5 nhm - OH. - Kh hon ton phn t glucoz thu c n - hexan. Vy 6 nguyn t C ca phn t glucoz to thnh mt mch khng phn nhnh. - CTCT phn t glucoz dng mch h l: CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHO Hoc vit gn li l: CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO Tnh cht ha hc
III. TNH CHT HO HC:

* Cho hs lm TN sgk, nghin 1. Tnh cht ca ancol a chc: cu TN SGK, trnh by TN, nu a. Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2: 2C6H12O6 + Cu(OH)2 (C6H11O6)2Cu + hin tng vit pthh. 2 H2O b. Phn ng to este: * GV hng dn cho hs hiu c - Khi tc dng vi anhirit axetic, trong phn t glucoz cha 5 glucoz c th to este cha 5 gc nhm - OH, cc nhm - OH axetat trong phn t C6H7O(OCOCH3)5 2 .Tnh cht ca anehit: v tr lin k. a. Oxi ho glucoz: * GV: Biu din th nghim oxi - Hin tng: Thnh ng nghim sng ho glucoz bng dd AgNO3 bng nh gng. trong dung dch NH3 v th nghim oxi ha glucoz bng - CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 Cu(OH)2 trong dd NaOH, yu + H2O CH2OH[CHOH]4COONH4 + 3NH3NO3 cu HS theo di gv lm th nghim, nu hin tng, gii + 2Ag - Hin tng: Xut hin kt ta gch thch v vit pthh. - CH2OH(CHOH)4 CHO + Cu(OH)2 + NaOH CH2OH(CH2OH)4COONa + Cu2O + H2O * GV: yu cu hc sinh vit ph- b. Kh glucoz bng hiro: Ni, t0 ng trnh ho hc ca phn CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + H2 ng kh glucoz bng hiro CH2OH[CHOH]4 phng trnh ho hc ca phn CH2OH ng ln men glucoz. 3. Phn ng ln men: enzim 2C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 30350 C 2CO2 Hot ng 4 iu ch v ng dng

* Yu cu HS nu cch iu ch glucoz. * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t nu cc ng dng ca glucoz. Hot ng 5 * Hy nghin cu SGK cho bit c im cu to ca ng phn quan trng nht ca glucoz l fructoz.

IV: iu ch v ng dng: 1: iu ch: H+ ,t0 (C6H10O5)n + nH 2O nC6H12O6 2: ng dng: - Lm thuc tng lc. - Dng trng rut phch. - L sn phm trung gian iu ch ancol etylic. Fructoz V. FRUCTOZ: - Fructoz (C6H12O6) dng mch h l mt polihiroxi xeton, c cng thc cu to thu gn l: CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-C-CH2OH
P

* Yu cu HS cho bit tnh cht vt l v trng thi t nhin ca fructoz, cho bit cc tnh cht ho hc c trng ca fructoz. Gii thch nguyn nhn gy ra cc tnh cht .

O - Hoc vit gn l: CH2OH[CHOH]3COCH2OH - Fructoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch phc mu xanh lam, tc dng vi hiro cho poliancol. - Fructoz khng c nhm CH=O nhng vn c phn ng trng bc v phn ng kh Cu(OH)2 thnh Cu2O l do khi un nng trong mi trng kim n chuyn thnh glucoz theo cn bng sau: OH Glucoz Fructoz Cng c - Qu tm: Nhn bit axit axetic. - Cht khng ha tan Cu(OH)2 l etanol. - un nng cht no xut hin kt ta mu l: Glucoz.

Hot ng 6 * Nhn bit cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc. Glucoz, Glixerol, etanol, axit axetic.

Tit 8, 9: saccaroz - tinh bt - xenluloz

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Cu to v nhng tnh cht in hnh ca saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. 2. K nng:

- So snh, nhn dng saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. - Vit cc PTHH minh ha cho tnh cht ha hc ca cc hp cht trn - Gii cc bi tp v saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TNBD. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, kp, ng ht nh git. - Ha cht: Dd I2, cc mu saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gV
Hot ng 1 * Yu cu HS quan st mu saccaroz (ng knh trng) v tm hiu SGK bit nhng tnh cht vt l v trng thi thin nhin ca saccaroz. * Cho bit xc nh CTCT ca saccaroz ngi ta phi tin hnh cc th nghim no. Phn tch cc kt qu thu c rt ra kt lun v cu to phn t ca saccaroz.

Hot ng ca hc sinh
Saccaroz I. Saccaroz: 1. Tnh cht vt l: - Cht rn kt tinh, ko mu, ko mi, ngt, to nc 185oC. Tan tt trong nc. - C trong ma ng, c ci ng, hoa tht nt. 2. Cu trc phn t: - CTPT C12H22O11 - Phn t saccaroz gc -glucoz v gc - fructoz lin kt vi nhau qua ngyn t oxi gia C1 ca glucoz v C2 ca fructoz (C1 - O - C2). Lin kt ny thuc loi lin kt glicozit. Vy, cu trc phn t saccaroz c biu din nh sau:
6

CH2OH O H
2

H
4

H OH
3

H
1

HOCH2
2

O HO
4

H
5 6

HO

H
3

CH2OH

OH

OH

* Cho HS nghin cu CTCT ca saccaroz v SGK, t a ra tnh cht ha hc, vit pthh minh ha cc phn ng .

* Nu cch sn xut v ng dng ca saccaroz.

gc - glucoz gc -fructoz 3. Tnh cht ha hc: a. Thu phn nh xc tc axit: H+ C12H22O11 C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 Saccaroz Glucoz Fructoz b. Thu phn nh enzim: enzim Saccaroz Glucoz c. Phn ng ca ancol a chc: - Phn ng vi Cu(OH)2: (C12H21O11)2Cu 2C12H22O11 + Cu(OH)2 + 2H2O 4. Sn xut v ng dng: a. Sn xut: - c sn xut t cy ma, c ci ng hoc hoa tht nt. b. ng dng: - L thc phm quan trng ca con ngi.

Hot ng 2

* Cho HS quan st mu tinh bt v nghin cu SGK cho bit cc tnh cht vt l v trng thi thin nhin ca tinh bt. * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, cho bit cu trc phn t ca tinh bt. * GV b sung: Cho bit c im lin kt gia cc mt xch -glucoz trong phn t tinh bt. * Vy trong cy xanh tinh glucoz tinh bt bt c to thnh nh th 3. Tnh cht ha hc: no? a. Phn ng thu phn: - Thu phn nh xc tc axit: H+ (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 * Da vo CTCT ca tinh - Thu phn nh enzim: enzim bt, d on tnh cht ha Tinh bt Glucoz. hc ca tinh bt? Vit pthh b. Phn ng mu vi it: minh ha. - Cho dd it vo dd h tinh bt, dd mu xanh lam. * GV biu din: - un nng mu xanh bin mt. - Th nghim gia dung - ngui, mu xanh xut hin tr li. dch I2 v dung dch tinh bt nhit thng, un nng v ngui, yu cu HS nu hin tng quan st 4. ng dng: c. - L mt trong nhng cht dinh dng c * GV gii thch v nhn bn ca con ngi v ng vt. mnh y l phn ng - Sn xut bnh ko, glucoz, h dn . . . c trng nhn ra tinh bt. * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t nu cc ng dng ca tinh bt. Hot ng 3 * HS quan st mu xenluloz (bng thm nc), tm hiu tnh cht vt l v trng thi thin nhin ca xenluloz.

- L nguyn liu lm bnh ko, nc giI kht, hp . . . Tinh bt II. Tinh bt: 1. Tnh cht vt l: - Cht rn v nh hnh, mu trng, khng mi. Ch tan trong nc nng --> h tb. - C trong cc loi ng cc, 2. Cu trc phn t: - L polisaccarit (gm 2loi) + Aamiloz: mch khng phn nhnh + Amiloz peptin: mch phn nhnh. + CTPT (C6H10O5)n - Trong cy xanh tinh bt c to thnh nh phn ng quang hp: H2O,as (C6H10O5)n CO2 C6H12O6 cht di p lc

Xenluloz

III. Xenluloz: 1. Tnh cht vt l, trng thi t nhin: - L cht rn, dng si, mu trng, khng c mi v. - Khng tan trong nc cng nh cc dung mi khc v ch tan trong nc Svayde. - L thnh phn chnh to nn mng t bo thc vt. 2. Cu trc phn t: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK - L mt polisaccarit.

cho bit: - Cu trc ca phn t xenluloz. - Nhng c im chnh v cu to phn t ca xenluloz. So snh vi cu to ca phn t tinh bt. * Da vo CTCT ca xenluloz, d on tnh cht ha hc ca xenluloz? Vit pthh minh ha.

* Cho HS nghin cu SGK, t nu cc ng dng ca xenluloz. Hot ng 4 * Cng c bng bi tp 1 v 2 SGK.

- Phn t gm nhiu gc -glucoz lin kt vi nhau. - Xenluloz ch c cu to mch khng phn nhnh, mi gc C6H10O5 c 3 nhm OH, nn c th vit : (C6H10O5)n hay [C6H7(OH)3]n 3. Tnh cht ha hc: a. Thu phn nh xc tc axit: H+ (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6 b. Phn ng este ho: H2SO4 [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 3nHNO3 [C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n + 3nH2O 4. ng dng: - c dng trc tip: ko si dt vi, lm xy dng, lm g . . . - Ch bin giy. - Sn xut t visco, t axetat, ch to thuc sng v ch to phim nh . . . Cng c Cu 1: p n: B Cu 2: p n: a. Sai b. ng c. Sai d. ng.

Tit 10: Luyn tp Cu to v tnh cht ca cacbohidrat

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cu to cc loi cacbohidrat in hnh. - Cc tnh cht ha hc c trng cc hp cht cacbohidrat v mi quan h gia cc hp cht . 2. K nng: - Bc u rn luyn cho HS phng php t duy tru tng, t cu to phc tp ca cc hp cht cacbohidrat, c bit l cc nhm chc suy ra tnh cht ha hc hoc thng qua cc bi tp luyn tp. - Gii cc bi tp ha hc v cacbohidrat. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: a. l thuyt Hot ng 1. Tng hp kin thc cacbohirat. GV yu cu HS hot ng theo nhm cp i, tho lun in vo bng sau: GV nu ni dung tho lun: - Phn loi cacbohirat? - Vit cng thc phn t, nu c im cu to ca tng cht? So snh cu to ca cc loi cacbohirat? - T cu to suy ra tnh cht ca tng cht? Vit phng trnh phn ng chng minh. in vo bng sau: Monosaccarit Hp cht glucoz fructoz isaccarit saccaroz Polisaccarit xenluloz tinh bt

Cng thc phn t c im cu to Tnh cht Thng tin:

Hp cht Cng thc phn t c im cu to Monosaccarit glucoz C6H12O6 fructoz C6H12O6 isaccarit saccaroz C12H22O11 Polisaccarit tinh bt (C6H10O5)n xenluloz (C6H10O5)n

- Gm 5 nhm OH k nhau. C 1 nhm chc -CHO.

- C 5 nhm OH. - C 1 nhm chc xeton CO -. - Trong mt kim: fructoz

- C cc nhm OH k nhau: C6H11O5-OC6H11O5

glucoz
Tnh cht - Poliancol. - Poliancol. - Poliacol. - Anehit - Tham gia Thu n chc. phn ng phn. trng gng.

- glucoz - Hn hp ca 2 loi polisaccari t: amiloz v amilopecti n

- -glucoz v lin kt vi nhau to thnh mch ko di. - C th vit: (C6H10O5)n hay [C6H7O2(OH)3]n

Thu - Thu phn. phn. Mu vi - Mu vi HNO3. Iot

b. bi tp hot ng ca thy Hot ng 2 * GV t chc HS hot ng theo nhm 4 - 5 ngi, yu cu cc nhm tho lun, trnh by cc bi tp sau: * GV hng dn cc nhm lm vic vi cc ni dung: - Cc bc gii bi ton nhn bit? - Da vo tnh cht ho hc c trng vit phng trnh phn ng nhn bit? hot ng ca tr Gii mt s bi tp l thuyt - HS hot ng theo nhm 4 - 5 ngi, tho lun tm ra cch gii cc bi tp: Bi 1: Bi 3 - SGK. a- Glucoz, glixerol, anehit axetic: b- Glucoz, saccaroz, glixerol. c- Saccaroz, anehit axetic, h tinh bt. HS phi tr li c: a- Cc bc: - Trch ho cht. - Thuc th: dd AgNO3 /NH3, un nh. - Hin tng quan st c: C Ag: C6H12O6 v CH3CHO. khng c hin tng: C3H8O3. b- Thuc th: Cu(OH)2, sau un nng. c- Thuc th: Iot, Cu(OH)2. Phn bi tp trc nghim Bi 2: Bi tp 4 - SGK. 1- HS chn phng n A v gii thch v

Hot ng 3 * GV yu cu HS tr li nhanh

cc bi tp trc nghim. Gii sao chn phng n . thch v sao chn phng n 2- Tinh bt v Xenlulo khc nhau nh th . no. a. Cu trc mch phn t b. Phn ng thu phn c. tan trong nc d. Thu phn phn t 3- Thc hin phn ng trng gng c th phn bit c tng cp dung dch no sau y: a. Glucz v Saccarz b. Axit fomic v ru tylic c. Saccarz v tinh bt d. Tt c u c Hot ng 4 Bi tp ton v cacbohidrat Bi 3: Gii bi tp 5 - SGK. * GV tip tc yu cu cc HS tho lun v trnh by c: nhm tho lun nu hng a- Tnh m tinh bt trong 1 kg go: gii, trnh by cch gii cc m = 0,8 kg. H+ ,t0 bi tp SGK. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6. 162n kg 180n kg 0,8 kg 0,89 kg b- Tng t cu b: m = 0,556 kg. c- Tng t v tnh c: m = 0,5263 kg

Tit 11: Bi thc hnh s 1: iu ch, tnh cht ha hc ca este v gluxit

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c nhng tnh cht quan trng ca este, gluxit nh: phn ng x phng ha, phn ng vi Cu(OH) 2 ca glucoz, phn ng vi dd I 2 ca tinh bt, khi nim v phn ng iu ch este, x phng. 2. K nng: - Rn luyn k nng thc hin cc phn ng ha hc hu c. - Rn luyn k nng lp rp dng c th nghim, k nng thc hin v quan st cc hin tng th nghim xy ra. II. Phng php:

- m thoi kt hp vi TN thc hnh. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, bt s nh, a thy tinh, ng thy tinh, nt cao su, gi th nghim . . - Ha cht: Cc dd CuSO4, NaOH, glucoz, NaCl, nc , m. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: HOT NG CA GV Hot ng 1: GV: Nu mc tiu, yu cu, nhn mnh nhng im cn ch . HD HS lp rp dng c, thao tc th nghim kh. Hot ng 2: GV: Y/c HS tin hnh tn theo hng dn. GV: Hng dn HS quan st hin tng xy ra trong qu trnh th nghim - Y/c HS gii thch hin tng th nghim, vit PTHH ca cc phn ng. + Lu : Ko nn cho qu nhiu H2SO4() v khi un nng n c th OXH axit v ancol thnh sn phm khc. Cn h nng p/ nhanh hn. Hot ng 3: GV: Y/c Hs lm TN nh hdn. GV: Hdn HS qst lp cht rn, trng nh ni trn b mt bt s, l mui natri ca axit bo. + Lu : phi dng a thy tinh khuy u hn hp, v thm vi git nc hn hp khng cn i. HOT NG CA HS HS: Nghe, lu , thao tc.

Tn 1: iu ch etyl axetat HS: Tin hnh TN nh hng dn SGK. HS: Quan st, nhn xt mu, mi v tnh tan ca este iu ch c. Gii thch, vit PTHH. - Htg: nh NaCl bh vo thy c lp este khng mu, mi thm ni ln trn.

Tn 2: Phn ng x phng ha HS: Tien ha#nh tn0 nh# h#ng dan SGK. HS: Quan st, nhn xt hin tng, gth, pthh - Htg: c lp cht rn mu trng nh ni trn mt bt s.

Tn 3: P. ca glucoz vi Cu(OH)2 Hot ng 4: GV hng dn HS quan st hin HS: Lm TN theo hdn, quan st, nxt, tng th nghim. gii thch hin tng th nghim. + Htg: - Dung dch chuyn sang mu xanh + Lu : Cn quan st k hin thm, trong sut. tng ca tng giai on - un nng nh, dung dch chuyn sang gii thch cho ng. mu gch ca Cu2O. Hot ng 5: Tn 4: P. ng ca h tinh bt vi iot GV: Hdn Hs tin hnh th nghim vi dd h tinh bt hoc 1 lt chui xanh (hoc khoai, sn). HS: Lm TN theo hdn, quan st, nxt, gth. - dd chuyn mu xanh tm - un nng, mu xanh tm bin mt. - ngui, mu li xut hin.

Hot ng 6: NHN XT, NH GI - DN D GV: - Nhn xt, nh gi bui thc hnh, rt kinh nghim. - Hng dn HS vit bo co thc hnh (tng trnh th nghim), np. - Yu cu HS thu dn, v sinh dng c v phng th nghim. - Nhc HS v n tp chng 1 + 2, tit sau kim tra 1 tit.

Tit 13, 14: amin

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: nh ngha, phn loi v gi tn amin. - HS hiu: Cc tnh cht in hnh ca amin. 2. K nng: - Nhn dng cc hp cht amin. - Vit cc PTHH ca amin. - Quan st, gii thch cc th nghim chng minh ca amin.

II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TNBD. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, kp, ng ht nh git, a thy tinh. - Ha cht: Qu tm, anilin, nc brom, metyl amin. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gV
Hot ng 1 * GV vit CTCT ca NH3 v 4 amin khc, yu cu HS nghin cu k cc cht trong v d trn v cho bit mi quan h gia cu to amoniac v cc amin, t nu nh ngha SGK. GV: Cc em hy nghin cu k SGK v t cc v d trn. Hy cho bit cch phn loi cc amin v cho v d?

Hot ng ca hc sinh Khi nim, phn loi v danh php I. Khi nim, phn loi v danh php:
1. Khi nim, phn loi: - Khi thay th mt hay nhiu nguyn t hiro trong phn t NH3 bng mt hay nhiu gc hirocacbon ta c amin. - Th d: CH3 - NH2; CH3 - NH - CH3; CH2 = CH - CH2NH2; C6H5NH2 - Amin c phn loi theo 2 cch: Theo gc hirocacbon: - Amin bo: CH3NH2, C2H5NH2 - Amin thm: C6H5NH2 Theo bc ca amin. - Bc 1: CH3NH2, C2H5NH2, C6H5NH2 - Bc 2: (CH3)2NH - Bc 3: (CH3)3N 2. Danh php: - Cch gi tn theo danh php: Gc chc: Ankyl + amin Thay th: Ankan + v tr + amin - Tn thng thng ch p dng cho mt s amin. - Tn ca amin c gi theo danh php gc - chc v danh php thay th. Ngoi ra mt s amin c gi theo tn thng (tn ring) nh bng 3.1

* GV: Cho HS hy theo di bng 3.1 SGK (danh php cc amin) t cho bit: + Qui lut gi tn cc amin theo danh php gc chc. + Qui lut gi tn theo danh php thay th. CH3-CH2-C HCH3 | Sau GV b sung. NH2 * Bi tp: Gi tn cc amin Butan-2-amin hoc sec-butylamin sau theo hai cch: CH3-CH2-CH2CH2-NH2 CH3-CH2-C HCH3 | Butan-1-amin hoc n-butylamin NH2 CH3-CH2-CH2CH2-NH2 Hot ng 2 Tnh cht vt l II. Tnh cht vt l: * Cho HS nghin cu SGK v - Metylamin, imetylamin, trimetylamin nu cc tnh cht vt l v etylamin l nhng cht kh c mi kh c trng ca amin v cht chu, c, d tan trong nc, cc amin tiu biu l anilin? ng ng cao hn l cht lng hoc rn. - Nhit si tng dn v tan trong nc gim dn theo chiu tng phn t khi. - Cc amin thm u l cht lng hoc rn v d b oxi ha.

Hot ng 3 * GV: Gii thiu bit CTCT ca vi amin. Cho HS phn tch c im cu to ca amin mch h v anilin. * T CTCT v nghin cu SGK em hy cho bit amin mch h v anilin c tnh cht ho hc g? * GV: Chng minh TN 1 cho quan st. Yu cu HS nu hin tng v gii thch. * GV: Biu din th nghim gia C6H5NH2 vi dd HCl. Yu cu HS nu hin tng v gii thch. * Cho Hs so snh tnh baz ca metylamin, amoniac v anilin. * GV: Biu din th nghim ca anilin vi nc brm. Yu cu HS quan st v nu hin tng xy ra v gii thch. * GV cho bit: Phn ng ny dng nhn bit anilin.

Cu to phn t v tnh cht ha hc III. Cu to phn t v tnh cht ha hc: 1. Cu to phn t: - Cc amin mch h u c cp electron t do ca nguyn t nit trong nhm chc, do chng c tnh baz. 2. Tnh cht ha hc: - Tnh baz v phn ng th nhn thm a. Tnh baz: - dd metylamin: qu tm ha xanh - dd anilin: qu tm khng i mu. - Gii thch: [CH3NH3]+ + CH3NH2 + H2O OH- Anilin v cc amin thm khc phn ng rt km vi nc. - Hin tng khi cho C6H5NH2 tc dng vi dd HCl + Anilin khng tan trong nc. + Khi cho dd HCl vo thy anilin tan. - Gii thch: C6H5NH2 + HCl [C6H5NH3]+Cl - Tnh baz : CH3NH2 > NH3 >C6H5NH2 b. Phn ng th nhn thm ca anilin: - Hin tng: + Xut hin kt ta trng. - Gii thch: - Do nh hng ca nhm NH2, nguyn t brm d dng thay th cc nguyn t H v tr 2,4,6 trong nhn thm ca phn t anilin.
NH2 + 3Br2 Br Br NH2 Br + 3HBr

2, 4, 6 tribromanilin Hot ng 4 Cng c Cu 1. Nhn bit cc cht sau bng pp ha hc: Anillin, phenol, benzen Cu 2. 1. C 3 ho cht sau y: Etylamin, phenylamin v amoniac. Th t tng dn lc baz c sp xp theo dy A. amoniac < etylamin < phenylamin B. etylamin < amoniac < phenylamin C. phenylamin < amoniac < etylamin D. phenylamin < etylamin < amoniac 2. C th nhn bit l ng dung dch CH 3NH2 bng cch no trong cc cch sau ? A. Nhn bit bng mi. B. Thm vi git dung dch H2SO4

C. Thm vi git dung dch Na2CO3 D. a a thu tinh nhng ddHCl c ln pha trn ming l ng dd CH3NH2 c.

Tit 15: aminoaxit

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: Khi nim v aminoaxit. - HS hiu: Nhng tnh cht ha hc in hnh ca aminoaxit. 2. K nng: - Nhn dng cc hp cht aminoaxit. - Vit cc PTHH ca aminoaxit. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gV
Hot ng 1 * GV vit mt vi cng thc aminoaxit thng gp sau cho hc sinh nhn xt nhm chc. T nu nh ngha v aminoaxit. * VD: H2N -CH(CH3)- COOH (alanin) * Cho HS tham kho sgk xem cc v d t nu cch gi tn amino axit. Hot ng 2 * Cho HS nghin cu SGK t ua ra cu to phn t ca aminoaxit v tnh cht vt l c trng ca n.

Hot ng ca hc sinh
Khi nim I. Khi nim: - Aminoaxit l nhng HCHC tp chc va cha nhm chc amin (-NH2) va cha nhm chc cacboxyl (-COOH) - Tn gi ca cc amino axit xut pht t tn ca axit cacboxilic tng ng (tn thay th, tn thng thng), c thm tip u ng amino v ch s (2,3,...) hoc ch ci Hi Lp (, ,...) ch v tr ca nhm NH2 trong mch. Cu to phn t v tnh cht ha hc II. Cu to phn t v tnh cht ha hc: 1. Cu to phn t: - V nhm COOH c tnh axit, nhm NH2 c tnh baz nn trng thi kt tinh amino axit tn ti dng ion lng cc. Trong dung dch, dng ion lng cc chuyn mt phn nh thnh dng phn t: R CH COOR CH COOH
+

NH3

NH2

Hot ng 3 * Da vo cu to aminoaxit hy cho bit cc aminoaxit tham gia phn ng ha hc no? * Hy vit PTHH 2 phn ng sau:

dng ion lng cc dng phn t - iu kin thng chng l cht rn kt tinh, tng i d tan trong nc v c nhit nng chy cao. Tnh cht ha hc 2. Tnh cht ha hc: - Phn tch cu to bit c aminoaxit va c tnh cht axit va c tnh baz (lng tnh). a- Tnh baz: Tc dng axit mnh HOOC-CH2-NH2 + HCl HOOC-CH2-NH3Cl

NH2CH2COOH + HCl b- Tnh axit: Tc dng vi baz mnh ? H2N-CH2COOH + NaOH NH2CH2COOH + NaOH H2N-CH2COONa + H O ? 2 c. Phn ng trng ngng: * GV: Trong phn t Khi un nng: Nhm - COOH ca phn t Aminoaxit va cha nhm - ny tc dng vi nhm -NH2 ca phn t kia NH2 va cha nhm -COOH cho sn phm c khi lng phn t ln, vy gia cc phn t ng thi gii phng H2O to aminoaxit c th tc dng nH2N[CH2]5COOH ( HN [ CH 2 ] 5 CO ) n + vi nhau c khng? Yu nH O 2 cu HS vit PTHH minh d. Phn ng este ha ca nhm COOH ha. - Tng t axit cacboxylic, amino axit phn ng c vi ancol (c axt vc mnh xc tc) cho este. - Th d: H2NCH2COOH + C2H5OH H2NCH2COOC2H5 + H2O Hot ng 4 ng dng III. ng dng: * Cho HS c SGK v rt - L hp cht c s kin to nn cc loi ra ng dng ca amino protein ca c th sng. axit. - Dng lm gia v thc n, thuc h tr thn kinh, thuc b gan. - L nguyn liu sn xut mt s loi t ... Hot ng 5 Cng c 1. ng vi CTPT C4H9NO2 c bao nhiu amino axit l ng phn cu to ca nhau ? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 2. C 3 cht hu c: H2NCH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH v CH3[CH2]3NH2. Nu nhn ra dung dch ca cc hp cht trn, ch cn dng thuc th no sau y ? A. NaOH B. HCl C. CH3OH/HCl D. Qy tm

Tit 16, 17: peptit v protein

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Peptit, protein, enzim, axit nucleic l g v vai tr ca chng trong c th sinh vt. - Bit s lc v cu trc v tnh cht ca protein. 2. K nng: - Nhn dng mch peptit. - Vit cc PTHH ca peptit v protein. - Gii cc bi tp ha hc lin quan n bi hc. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gV
Hot ng 1

Hot ng ca hc sinh

Peptit I. Peptit: 1. Khi nim: * Cc em hy nghin cu - Peptit l loi cht cha t 2 n 50 gc SGK v cho bit khi nim - ainoaxit lin kt vi nhau bi cc lin kt ca peptit? peptit. - Lin kt peptit: -CO-NH- VD: NH C H CO NH C H CO
| |

R R2 - Lin kt peptit -CO-NH- gia hai n v -aminoaxit. Nhm -CO-NH- gia hai n v -aminoaxit c gi l nhm peptit.

- Nhng phn t cha 2, 3, 4 . . . gc * Yu cu cc em hc sinh aminoaxit c gi l i-, tri-, tetra-, . . nghin cu SGK v cho bit .polipeptit. cch phn loi peptit. 2. Tnh cht ha hc: a. Phn ng thy phn: * GV: Cc em hy nghin - Khi un nng vi dung dch axit baz cu SGK v cho bit qui hay nh xc tc ca enzim peptit b thu lut ca phn ng thu phn thnh hn hp cc - aminoaxit. phn ca peptit trong mi - PTHH minh ha: trng axit, baz hoc nh H2N-C H-CO-NH-C H-CO-..NH-C HCOOH | | | xc tc enzim? Vit pthh 1 2 R R Rn minh ha. H+ ho c OH + (n-1)H2O H2N-C H-COOH +H2N-C H-COOH+ H2N-C HCOOH
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* GV lm th nghim v phn ng mu biure. Yu cu HS nu hin tng. Kt lun. Hot ng 2 * Cc em hy nghin cu SGK cho bit nh ngha v protein v phn loi.

* Cho HS nghin cu SGK cho bit cu to phn t protein. * Em hy nu tnh cht vt l ca protein. * Cc em hy nghin cu SGK v cho bit nhng tnh cht c trng ca protein?

R R Rn b. Phn ng mu biure: - Hin tng: Xut hin mu tm. - Trong mi trng kim, peptit tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 cho hp cht mu tm. l mu ca hp cht phc gia peptit c t hai lin kt peptit tr ln. Protein II. Protein: 1. Khi nim: - Protein l nhng polipeptit cao phn t c phn t khi t vi chc ngn n vi triu vC. - Protein c chia lm 2 loi: + Protein n gin: VD: lng trng trng. . . + Protein phc tp: VD: axit nucleic . . . 2. Cu to phn t: - Phn t protein c cu to t mt hay nhiu chui polipeptit kt hp vi nhau c CT chung l: ( HN-C H-CO ) n
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* Em hy cho bit vai tr ca protein i vi s sng. Hot ng 3

R 3. Tnh cht: a. Tnh cht vt l: - Tan c trong nc to thnh dd keo. - B ng t li khi un nng. b. Tnh cht ha hc: - Khi un nng protein vi dung dch axit, dung dch baz hoc nh xc tc ca enzim, cc lin kt peptit trong phn t protein b phn ct dn, to thnh c chui polipetit v cui cng thnh hn hp cc - amino axit. 4. Vai tr ca protein i vi s sng: - Protein l c s to nn s sng, c protein mi c s sng. Khi nim v enzim v axit nucleic

* Cc em hy nghin cu SGK v cho bit: - nh ngha v enzim - Cc c im ca enzim.

* Cc em hy nghin cu SGK v cho bit c im chnh ca axit nucleic. Cho bit s khc nhau ca phn t AND v ARN khi nghin cu SGK?

III. Khi nim v enzim v axit nucleic: 1. Enzim: - Enzim l nhng cht hu ht c bn cht protein, c kh nng xc tc cho cc qu trnh ho hc, c bit trong c th sinh vt. - Xc tc enzim c 2 c im: + C tnh chn lc cao, mi enzim ch xc tc cho mt s chuyn ho nht nh. + Tc phn ng nh xc tc enzim rt ln gp 109 1011 tc phn ng nh xc tc ho hc. 2. Axit nucleic: - Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit phtphoric v pentoz (monosaccarit c 5 C)mi pentoz li c mt nhm th l mt baz nit. + Nu pentoz l riboz: to axit ARN. + Nu pentoz l eoxiriboz: to axit ADN. + Khi lng ADN t 4 - 8 triu vC, thng tn ti dng xon kp. Khi lng phn t ARD nh hn ADN, thng tn ti dng xon n.

Hot ng 4 Cng c 1. Peptit l g ? Lin kt peptit l g ? C bao nhiu lin kt peptit trong mt phn t tripeptit ? Vit CTCT v gi tn cc tripeptit c th c hnh thnh t glyxin, alanin v phenylalanin (C 6H5CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, vit tt l Phe) 2. Hp cht no sau y thuc loi ipeptit ? A. H2N-CH2-CONH-CH2CONH-CH2COOH B. H2N-CH2CONHCH(CH3)-COOH C. H2N-CH2CH2-CONH-CH2CH2COOH D. H2N-CH2CH2CONH-CH2COOH 3. Thuc th no sau y dng phn bit cc dung dch glucoz, glixerol, etanol v lng trng trng ? A. NaOH B. AgNO3/NH3 C. Cu(OH)2 D. HNO3

Tit 18: Luyn tp: Cu to v tnh cht ca amin, aminoaxit v protein

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - So snh, cng c kin thc v cu to cng nh tnh cht ca amin, aminoaxit v protein.

2. K nng: - Lm bng tng kt cc hp cht trong chng. - Vit cc PTHH ca cc phn ng di dng tng qut cho cc hp cht amin v aminoaxit. - Gii cc bi tp phn amin, aminoaxit v protein. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: a. kin thc cn nm Hot ng 1: GV s dng bng ph, yu cu HS hot ng theo nhm cp i: tho lun ri in vo bng: Loi hp cht Amin bc I Aminoaxit Protein CTCT Nhm chc c trng Tnh cht ho hc Thng tin: Loi hp cht Amin bc I Aminoaxit Protein CTCT R - NH2 H2N R COOH Nhm chc - NH2 2 loi: -NH2 v - HN - CO c trng - COOH Tnh cht ho - Tnh baz. - C tnh lng - Phn ng thy hc - anilin c phn tnh. phn ng th Br2. - Trng ngng. - Phn ng mu. b. bi tp Hot ng ca thy Hot ng ca tr Hot ng 2 Phng trnh ha hc * HS tho lun v c ngi ln hon thnh * Cho HS tho lun v cc PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra. + hon thnh cc PTHH ca a. C2H5NH2 + HCl C2H5NH3 Cl cc phn ng sau: b. 3C2H5NH2 + 3H2O + AlCl3 a. C2H5NH2 v HCl + Cl + 3 C2H5NH3 b. dung dch C2H5NH2 v Al(OH)3 AlCl3 c. H2N-CH2-COOH v NaOH c. H2N-CH2-COOH + NaOH H2N-CH2-COONa + H2O Hot ng 3 Bi tp v nhn bit * HS tho lun v a ra phng n nhn * Cho HS tho lun v bit: nhn bit cc dung dch - Trch ho cht. mt nhn: - Qu tm: CH3NH2. CH3NH2, H2NCH2COOH, - NaOH nhn bit c CH3COONH4. CH3COONH4 - Vit cc PTTHH minh ho cc phn ng xy ra. Hot ng 4 Bi tp v aminoaxit * Bi 5 - SGK. HS tho lun v trnh by * GV hng dn HS cch gii cch gii di s hng dn ca gio vin. bi 5- SGK. - Tnh s mol HCl: n HCl = 0,1mol - T phn ng vi HCl suy ra M = 145. - A c 1 nhm - NH 2 (v tr ) v 1 nhm COOH. * GV hng dn, yu cu HS Vy CTCT ca A: vit cc ng phn cn li

ca A.

CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH NH2

COOH

HS t vit cc ng phn cn li ca A. Hot ng 5: Cng c 1.Cho X l mt Aminoaxit (C 1 nhm chc -NH 2 v mt nhm chc -COOH) iu khng nh no sau y khng ng. A. X khng lm i mu qu tm; B. Khi lng phn t ca X l mt s l C. Khi lng phn t ca X l mt s chn D. Hp cht X phi c tnh lng tnh 2. Axit -amino propionic phn ng c vi cht: A. HCl B. C2H5OH C. NaCl D. a&b ng 3. Mt amino axit A c 40,4% C; 7,9% H; 15,7 % N; 36%O v M A = 89. Cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C3H5O2N B. C3H7O2N C. C2H5O2N D. C4H9O2N

Tit 19, 20: i cng v polime

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: nh ngha, c im cu to ca polime. - HS hiu: Phn ng trng hp v phn ng trng ngng. 2. K nng: - Phn loi, gi tn polime - So snh phn ng trng hp v phn ng trng ngng. - Vit cc PTHH ca cc phn ng tng hp to ra polime. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gv
Hot ng 1 * Em hy tm hiu SGK v cho bit th no l polime? Ly mt vi VD minh ha.

Hot ng ca hc sinh
Khi nim

I. Khi nim: - Polime l nhng hp cht hu c c khi lng phn t rt ln do nhiu v c s (gi l mch xch) lin kt vi nhau to nn. - VD: PE, Tinh bt, ( CH2 CH2 ) n - Trong : + n h s polime ha + phn t CH2=CH2 gi l monome. - Tn polime: poli + tn monome. * Cc em hy nghin cu - Polime: c ba loi: SGK v cho bit cch + Thin nhin: tinh bt phn loi polime? Ly cc + Tng hp: polietilen . . . VD minh ha. + Bn tng hp: T visco . . . Hot ng 2 c im cu trc * Cho HS nghin cu SGK, II. c im cu trc: rt ra kin thc quan trng - Cc polime thin nhin v tng hp c th v c im cu trc c 3 dng cu trc c bn: polime. Ly VD. Dng mch thng: PE, PVC, xenluloz dng phn nhnh: amilopectin ca tinh bt... Dng mng li khng gian: - VD: Cao su lu ha (cc mch thng trong cao su lu ha gn vi nhau bi nhng cu ni isunfua SS). Hot ng 3 Tnh cht vt l III. Tnh cht vt l: * Em hy nu cc tnh cht - Cc polime l nhng cht rn, khng bay vt l quan trng ca hi, t0nc c khong kh rng. polime. - a s polime khng tan trong cc dung mi thng thng. - Nhiu polime c tnh do (PE, PVC ) c tnh n hi (cao su), cch nhit, cch in (PE, PVC).

Hot ng 4 * Da vo cc CTCT ca polime, a ra cc tnh cht ha hc ca polime. * GV gii thiu tnh cht ho hc c trng. Yu cu HS vit PTHH minh ho? aCH2 - CH = C - CH2 CH3 n

Tnh cht ha hc IV. Tnh cht ha hc: - Cc p phn ct mch polime - Cc phn ng gi nguyn mch polime. - Cc phn ng lm tng mch polime. 1. Phn ng phn ct mch cacbon: - Phn ng thy phn: VD tinh bt, xenluloz. - Phn ng nhit phn: VD
CH - CH2 C6H5 n
3000C

nCH = CH2 C6H5

+ n HCl

bCH - CH2 C6H5 n

3000C

2. Phn ng gi nguyn mch polime: - PTHH

CH2 - CH = C - CH2 CH3 n CH2 - CH2 - CCl - CH2 CH3 n + n HCl

3. Phn ng tng mch polime: - PTHH minh ha:

OH CH2 OH CH2

CH2OH +

CH2

nH2O

CH2 OH n OH

CH2 n

Hot ng 5 * GV yu cu HS nu cc khi nim sau: - nh ngha phn ng trng hp. - iu kin ca monome tham gia phn ng trng hp. - Vit PTHH iu ch poli vinylclorua t monome tng ng.

* GV yu cu HS nu cc khi nim sau: -nh ngha phn ng trng ngng. - iu kin ca cc monome tham gia phn ng trng ngng. - Phn bit cht phn ng vi nhau v monome. - Vit PTHH t cc monome

Phng php iu ch V. iu ch: 1. Phn ng trng hp: - Trng hp l qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monomer), ging nhau hay tng t nhau thnhphn t ln. - iu kin cn v cu to ca monome tham gia phn ng trng hp l trong phn t phi c lin kt bi hoc l vng km bn. - VD: nCH2 = CHCl ( CH2 CHCl ) n 2. Phn ng trng ngng: - nh ngha: Trng ngng l qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) thnh phn t ln (polime) ng thi gii phng nhng phn t nh khc (nh H2O). - iu kin cn : V cu to ca monome tham gia phn ng trng ngng l phn t phi c t nht 2 nhm chc c kh nng phn ng. - VD: o nHOOC-C 6H 4 COOH +nHOCH 2-CH 2OH t Axit terephtalic Etylen glicol ( CO-C6 H4 CO-O-C2 H 4 O ) +2n H2 O n poli(etylen terephtalat)

sau:
HOOC-C6H4-COOH CH2-OH v HO-CH2-

Hot ng 6

ng dng

VI. ng dng: * Em hy nu cc ng dng - Polime c nhiu ng dng phc v cho ca polime m em bit. sn xut v i sng: VD: Cht do, t si, cao su, keo dn . . . Hot ng 7 Cng c 1. Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng hp ? A. Poli(vinyl clorua) B. Polisaccarit C. Protein D. Nilon-6,6 2. Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng ngng ? A. Nilon-6,6 B. Polistiren C. Poli(vinyl clorua) D. Polipropilen 3. T cc sn phm ho du (C6H6 v CH2=CH2) c th tng hp c polistiren, cht c dng sn xut nha trao i ion. Hy vit cc PTHH ca phn ng xy ra (c th dng thm cc hp cht v c cn thit).

Tit 21, 22: vt liu polime

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Khi nim v mt s vt liu: Cht do, t, cao su, keo dn. - Thnh phn, tnh cht v ng dng ca chng. 2. K nng: - So snh cc loi vt liu. - Vit cc PTHH ca phn ng tng hp ra mt s polime dng lm cht do, cao su v t tng hp. - Gii cc bi tp v polime. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi phng tin trc quan. III. Chun b: - Cc mu polime, cao su, t, keo dn. - Tranh nh v cc t liu lin quan n bi ging. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gv

Hot ng ca hc sinh
0

Hot ng 1 Kim tra bi c * Vit PTHH iu ch cc a. t polime t cc monome sau: n H2N - [CH2]5 - COOH a. H2N-[CH2]5-COOH. NH - [CH2]5 - CO + n H2O n b. CH2=CHCl-CH=CH2. b. nCH2 = CCl-CH= CH2 ( CH2-CCl = CH-CH2 ) n Hot ng 2 Cht do I. Cht do: 1. Khi nim v cht do v vt liu * GV yu cu hc sinh compozit: nghin cu SGK cho bit: - Cht do l nhng vt liu polime c tnh - Cht do l g? Tnh do do. l g? - Thnh phn c bn l polime + ph gia, - Thnh phn cht do? cht n, bt mu. - Khi nim vt liu - Tnh do: L tnh b bin dng khi chu compozit? tc dng ca nhit , p lc bn ngoi v

- Thnh phn compozit?

liu vn gi nguyn s bin dng khi thi tc dng. - Vt liu compozit l vt liu hn hp gm t nht 2 hay thnh phn vt liu phn tn vo nhau m khng tan vo nhau. 2. Mt s polime dng lm cht do: * GV t chc m thoi gi a. Polietilen (PR): m. Yu cu HS: - Vit phng trnh phn - iu ch: nCH2 = CH2 ( CH2 CH2 ) n ng iu ch cc polime - Tnh cht: Cht do, mm, nng chy trn ? 1100C . . . - Tnh cht v ng dng - ng dng: Lm vt liu cch in, lm ca mi loi? bnh cha . . . b. Poli vinylcorua (PVC): - iu ch: nCH2 = CHCl ( CH2 CHCl ) n - Tnh cht: Cht rn v nh hnh, cch in tt, bn vi axit . . - ng dng: Lm ng dn nc, vi che ma . . c. Poli metylmetacrylat (thy tinh hu c): - iu ch: COOCH3 nCH2 = C COOCH3 ( CH2 C ) n
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vt

* GV b sung thm trng hp dng +d fomadehit v nCH2 = O th thu dng xc tc baz c nha rezol, un nng chy nha rezol, sau H+ c ,75oC, Hnha 2O ngui th thu rezit.

CH3 CH3 - Tnh cht: L cht rn trong sut, c kh nng cho nh sng truyn qua tt . . - ng dng: Ch to thy tinh hu c. d. Poli phenol-fomandehit (PPF): - iu ch:
OH

OH

CH2OH

OH CH2

Hot ng 3 * GV yu cu hc sinh tm hiu SGK: - nh ngha t? - Cho th d minh ho? - Phn loi t? Th d.

- Tnh cht: L cht rn, d nng chy, d tan trong mt s dung mi hu c. - ng dng: sn xut bt p, sn . . . T II. T: 1. Khi nim: - T l nhng vt liu polime hnh si di v mnh vi bn nht nh. - Th d: t tm, t nilon . . . 2. Phn loi: - T thin nhin: Xenluloz; bng, ay . . . - T ha hc: chia ra thnh hai nhm + T nhn to: C ngun gc thin nhin nhng c ch bin thm bng phng php ha hc: T visco, t xenluloz axetat . . . + T tng hp: Ch to t cc polime tng hp: nilon-6; nilon-6,6 . . .

* GV t chc m thoi gi m. Yu cu HS: - Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch cc polime ? - Tnh cht v ng dng ca mi loi?

3. Mt s loi t thng gp: a. T nilon-6,6: - PT iu ch: Thuc loi to poli amit. nH2N-[CH2]6-NH2 + nHOOC-[CH2]4-COOH ( NH- [ CH2 ] 6 -NHCO- [ CH2 ] 4 -CO ) n + 2nH2O Poli(hexametylen-aipamit) (nilon6,6) - Tnh cht: nilon-6,6 dai bn, mm mi ng mt, t thm nc, km bn vi nhit, axit v kim. - Dng dt vi may mc, vi lt sm lp xe, bt tt, dy cp, dy d, an li . . . b. T nitron (hay olon) thuc loi t vinylic: - PT iu ch: nCH2 = C H ( CH2-C H ) n
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Hot ng 4 * GV yu cu hc sinh tm hiu SGK v tr li cc vn : - Khi nim cao su. - Tnh cht cao su. - Phn loi. - Yu cu HS nu cu trc, tnh cht v ng dng ca mi loi cao su. * GV b sung thm: - ng trng hp buta-1,3dien vi stiren c mt Na ta c cao su buna-S c tnh n hi cao. * ng trng hp buta-1,3dien vi acrilonitrin c mt Na c cao su buna-N

Hot ng 5 * GV yu cu HS nghin cu SGK v tr li cc vn sau:

CN CN Acrilonitrin poliacrilonitrin - Tnh cht: dai, bn vi nhit v gi nhit tt. - ng dng: Dng dt vi may qun o m . . . Cao su III. Cao su: 1. Khi nim: - Cao su l vt liu olime c tnh n hi. - Tnh cht: cao su c tnh n hi v mch phn t c cu hnh cis, c gp khc ln. 2. Phn loi: - C 2 loi cao su: Cao su thin nhin v cao su tng hp. a. Cao su thin nhin: Cao su thin nhin ly t m cy cao su. * Cu to: Cao su thin nhin l polime ca isopren. ( CH2-C = CH-CH2 ) n | (n = 1.500 - 15.000) CH3 * Tnh cht v ng dng: n hi, khng dn nhit v dn in, khng thm nc v kh, khng tan trong nc, etanol . . . nhng tan trong xng v benzen, tham gia phn ng cng H2, HCl, Cl2 tc dng vi lu hunh cho cao su lu ha. b. Cao su tng hp: - Cao su Buna: Trng hp buta-1,3-ien c mt Na: nCH2 = CH-CH= CH2 ( CH2-CH = CH-CH2 ) n Keo dn tng hp IV. Keo dn tng hp: 1. Khi nim: - L loi vt liu c kh nng kt dnh 2 mnh vt liu ging nhau hoc khc nhau

- Th no l keo dn tng hp. - Bn cht ca keo dn tng hp l g? - K tn mt s keo dn thng gp.

m khng lm bin i bn cht cc vt liu c kt dnh. - Bn cht: L c th to ra mng ht sc mng, bn chc gia hai mnh vt liu. Lp mng mng ny phi bm chc vo hai mnh vt liu c dn. 2. Mt s keo dn tng hp thng dng: a. Nha v sm: - Nha v sm: l dung dch keo ca cao su thin nhin trong dung mi hu c nh toluene, xilen . . . b. Keo dn epoxi: L polime c cha nhm epoxi
CH2CH, kt hp thm cht ng rn thng gi l cc O triamin nh H2NCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2. c. Keo dn urefomandehit:

- c iu ch t ure v fomandehit trong mi trng axit, sau trng hp mono metylolure s thu c poli (ure-fomandehit): n NH2-CO-NHnNH2-CO-NH2 + nCH2O
CH2OH ure monometylolure fomandehit + nH2O

( NH CO NH CH2 ) n
Poli(ure-fomandehit)

Hot ng 6 Cng c * GV cng c bi bng cc - Cu 1: p n: B cu trc nghim 1 v 2 - Cu 2: p n: D SGK.

Tit 23: Luyn tp: Polime v vt liu polime

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c nhng hiu bit v cc phng php iu ch polime. - Cng c kin thc v cu to mch polime. 2. K nng:

- So snh hai phn ng trng hp v trng ngng iu ch polime. - Gii cc bi tp v hp cht polime. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: HOT NG CA GV Hot ng 1: HOT NG CA HS HS: Tho lun theo nhm, n tp kin thc. BT1: Chn: GV: T chc tho lun, cho HS khi B. Nhng phan t nho co lien ket qut li 1 s kin thc hc. oi hoac vong kem ben goi la - Cho Hs lm bi tp 1,2/sgk. monome. BT2: Chn: B. T visco, t tam, phim anh. BT 3: Cho bit cc monome dng BT3: iu ch cc polime: Giai - Y/c HS phan tch ac a) CH2=CHCl b) CF2=CF2 iem cau tao cua moi c) CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2 d) H2Npolime e tm ra cong [CH2]6-COOH thc cua monome tng e) HOOC COOH g) H2N-[CH2]6-NH2 ng. - Y/c HS viet CTCT cua cac monome. GV quan sat HS HOCH2 CH2OH HOOC-[CH 2]4COOH lam va hng dan. BT4: Giai Trong ca hai trng hp (a), (b), lay BT4: Trnh bay cach phan mot t mau ot, neu co mui khet o la da that hoac t tam. biet cac mau vat lieu sau: a) PVC (lam gia da) va da that. b) T tam va t axetat. GV: HD Hs phn tch, phn bit: ? Em hay cho biet thanh a) PTHH: phan nguyen to cua da CH CH2 that va da gia khac nhau ntn? t0, p, xt GV: Y/c HS trnh by phng php phn bit GV: Nhn xt, b sung, cho im.

CH CH2
n
xt, t0

(1)
+nH2O

n H2N-[CH2]6-COOH

NH [CH2]6 CO

BT5: a) Viet cac PTHH cua phan ng ieu che cac chat theo s o sau: b) Khoi lng monome moi loai - Stiren polistiren Theo (1), muon ieu che 1 tan - Axit -aminoenantoic (H2N- polistiren can [CH2]6-COOH) polienantamit 1.100 =1,11 (tan) stiren (H = 90%) (nilon-7) 90 Theo (2), 145 tan H2N-[CH2]-COOH ieu b) e ieu che 1 tan che 127 tan polime. 145 moi loai polime tren can mH2N[CH2]6COOH = = 1,14 (tan) 127 bao nhieu tan monome moi loai, biet rang hieu

suat cua ca 2 qua trnh ieu che la 90%. - HS viet PTHH cua cac phan ng. - GV hng dan HS giai quyet bai toan

V H=90%mH2N[CH2]6COOH thc te =1,14.

100 = 1,27 (tan) 90

Tit 24: Bi thc hnh s 2: Mt s tnh cht ca protein

v vt lii polime
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c nhng tnh cht c trng ca protein v vt liu polime. 2. K nng: - S dng dng c, ho cht tin hnh thnh cng mt s th nghim v tnh cht ca polime v vt liu polime thng gp. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TN thc hnh. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, bt s nh, a thy tinh, ng thy tinh, nt cao su, gi th nghim . . . - Ha cht: Cc dd CuSO4, NaOH, AgNO3, HNO3, mu PVC, si len . . IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: HOT NG CA GV Hot ng 1: Cng vic u bui TH GV: Nu mc tiu, yu cu, nhn mnh nhng lu trong buii thc hnh, an tan trong khi lm th nghim. - n 1 s kin thc v protein v polime. - HD mt s thao tc nh dng kp st kp cc mu PE, PVC, si t gn ngn la n cn, quan st. Sau mi t cc vt liu trn quan st. HOT NG CA HS HS: Nghe, quan st, lu , n li kin thc, tp thao tc th nghim.

Hot ng 2: GV: Y/c Hs tin hnh Tn nh HD sgk. GV: HD HS quan st, nxt hin tng TN Y/c Hs gii thch. TN2: Phn ng mu Biure HS : Tin hnh TN nh hng dn sgk Hot ng 3: HS : Gii thch. Gv: Y/c HS lm TN, qst, nx Cu(OH)2 to thnh theo phn ng : hin tng CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Y/cu HS vit cc PTHH ca C phn ng gia Cu(OH)2 vi cc p. nhm peptit HD Hs gii thch. -CO-NH- to thnh sn phm mu tm. TN3: Tnh cht ca 1 vi vt liu polime khi un nng HS: Tin hnh th nghim, qs, nx... Hot ng 4: - H nng gn la n cn: PE, PVC, si GV: Theo di, hng dn HS quan xenluloz. st phn bit hin tng khi - t cc vt liu trn la n cn. h nng cc vt liu gn ngn la n cn v khi t chy cc vt liu . TN4: P. ca 1 vi vt liu polime T nhn xt chnh xc v vi kim

TN1: S ng t ca protein khi un nng HS: Tin hnh TN, qst, nhn xt, gii thch

cc hin tng xy ra. HS: Thao tc th nghim, qs, Nx hin Hot ng 5: tng. GV: HD, nh hng cho HS tin hnh tn. Nhc nh HS ch an ton, tit kim ha cht khi lm th nghim

Tit 26: v tr ca kim loi trong bng tun hon v cu to ca kim loi
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr ca kim loi trong bng tun hon. - Cu to ca nguyn t kim loi v cu to tinh th ca cc kim loi. - Lin kt kim loi. 2. K nng: - Rn k nng t v tr ca kim loi suy ra cu to v tnh cht, t tnh cht suy ra ng dng v phng php iu ch. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. Chun b: - Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: Hot ng ca gV Hot ng 1 Hot ng ca hc sinh V tr ca cc nguyn t kim loi trong bng tun hon I.V tr ca cc nguyn t kim loi trong bng tun hon: - Nhm IA IIIA (tr H, B) - Mt phn ca nhm IVA VIA - Nhm IB VIIIB - H lan tan v actini Cu to ca nguyn t kim loi II. Cu to ca nguyn t kim loi: 1.Cu to nguyn t: - Cc nguyn t kim loi c 1, 2, 3e ngoi cng. Na: [Ne]3s1 ; Mg: [Ne]3s2 ; Al: [Ne]3s23p1 2. Cu to tinh th: - nhit thng tr Hg trng thi lng - Cc kim loi khc tt rn v c cu to tinh th. - Tinh th kim loi gm nguyn t, ion dng nm nt mng v cc elec chuyn ng t do. - C 3 kiu mang tinh th ph bin: lc, lp phng tm din, lp phng tm khi. (xem cc kiu mng tinh th sgk) 3. Lin kt kim loi:

* GV cho HS nghin cu bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc, t rt ra v tr ca kim loi trong bng tun hon. Hot ng 2 * GV cho HS tho lun v tr li vn sau: - Cu to nguyn t ca kim loi (s electron lp ngoi cng). - Cu to tinh th kim loi. - Lin kt kim loi l g?

- Lin kt kim loi l lin kt c hinh thnh do cc electron chuyn ng t do lin kt cc ion dng v nguyn t. Hot ng 3 Cng c * GV cng c bi bng cc bi - p n: tp trc nghim SGK cu 4, + Cu 4: B 5, 6 + Cu 5: D + Cu 6: B

tit 26, 27, 28: tnh cht ca kim loi. Dy in ho ca kim loi
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Tnh cht vt l chung v tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi. - Dy in ho ca kim loi. HS hiu: - Nguyn nhn gy ra tnh cht vt l chung v tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi. 2. K nng: Rn luyn cho HS cc k nng sau: - Suy din: T v tr ca kim loi trong bng tun hon suy ra cu to nguyn t v t cu to nguyn t suy ra tnh cht ca kim loi. - Gii bi tp v kim loi. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TNBD. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, kp, ng ht nh git, a thy tinh . . . - Ha cht: Na, dy st, dy ng, dy nhm, ht km, dd HCl, dd H2SO4 long, dd HNO3 long. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: Hot ng ca gv Hot ng 1 * GV cho HS nghin cu SGK t nu cc tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi. * GV lu mt s tnh cht ring ca mi kim loi. * GV t chc HS hot ng theo nhm cp i, yu cu cc nhm tho lun cc vn sau: - Lin kt kim loi nh hng nh th no n tnh cht Hot ng ca hc sinh Tnh cht vt l I. Tnh cht vt l ca kim loi: 1. Cc tnh cht vt l chung: - Tnh do. - Dn in. - Dn nhit. - C nh kim. 2. Gii thch: * HS hot ng theo nhm cp i tho lun cc ni dung: - Tnh cht ca lin kt kim loi: Trong tinh th kim loi cc e chuyn ng t do trong ton b mng cn cc ion dng dao ng xung quanh cc nt mng. - Tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi l

vt l? do lin kt kim loi quyt nh. - Gii thch cc tnh cht ? Hot ng 2 * GV tip tc yu cu cc nhm hot ng gii quyt cc ni dung: - Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi? - Vit cc PTHH chng minh cc tnh cht ? * GV gi HS ln bng biu din mt s th nghim: - Fe + HCl. - Na + Cl2. - Fe + CuSO4. * Mt s cu hi nh hng tho lun ca HS: - Nhng axit no c gc axit khng c tnh oxi ha; nhng axit no c gc axit c tnh oxi ha? Vit PTHH vi Fe? - Nhng kim loi no tc dng c vi nc? Vit PTHH v d? Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi II. Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi: * HS tm hiu, tho lun v tr li: - C tnh kh: M Mn+ + ne. - Chng minh: 1. Tc dng vi phi kim: - Cu + Cl2 CuCl2. - 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3. 2. Tc dng vi axit: * HS phn bit 2 loi axit: - Axit c gc axit khng c tnh oxi ha: Ch cc kim loi ng trc H2 trong dy in ha mi tc dng v gii phng H2 ng thi a kim loi ln s oxi ha thp: Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 - Axit c gc axit c tnh oxi ha: Hu ht cc kim loi, khng gii phng H2 m l sn phm ca qu trnh oxi ha cc gc axit v s oxi ha thp hn ng thi a kim loi ln s oxi ha cao: Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O. Cu + 2H2SO4(c) CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O 3. Tc dng vi nc: - nhit thng: Kim loi kim, Ca; Ba; Sr; tc dng c vi nc to thnh dung dch kim: Na + HOH NaOH + 1/2H2 - nhit cao: Mt s kim loi phn ng:

- Nhng kim loi no c th y c kim loi khc ra khi <5700 C dung dch mui ca n? Fe3O4 + 4H2O 3Fe + 4H2O - Vit PTHH minh ho? 4. Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag Hot ng 3 Cp oxi ho - kh ca kim loi III. Dy in ho ca kim loi: 1. Cp oxi ho - kh ca kim loi: * GV gii thiu v cp oxi - HS tm hiu th d SGK, nm ho kh ca kim loi. Yu cu c: HS hy xc nh: Fe Fe2 + 2e - Cht oxi ho, cht kh? Cu. Cu2+ + 2e - Vit k hiu v d v cp oxi ho- kh - Cht oxi ho: Fe2+, Cu2+. - Cht kh: Fe, Cu. - Cp oxi ho - kh: Fe2+/Fe, Cu2+/Cu.

Hot ng 4 * GV s dng th d SGK, yu cu HS so snh: - Tnh oxi ho ca ion Cu2+ v Ag+? - Tnh kh ca Cu v Ag? - Hy vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn? - Hy so snh tnh oxi ho ca Ag+ v Cu2+; tnh kh ca Ag v Cu? Hot ng 5 * GV yu cu HS tho lun theo nhm cp i, tr li cc cu hi: - Nguyn tc sp xp ca cc nguyn t kim loi v ion kim loi trong dy? - Nhn xt bin thin tnh oxi ha ca cc ion kim loi v tnh kh ca kim loi trong dy? Hot ng 6

So snh tnh cht cc cp oxi ho kh 2. So snh tnh cht cc cp oxi ho kh: Xt phn ng: Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag. - Tnh oxi ho: Ag+ > Cu2+ - Tnh kh: Cu > Ag. So snh c tnh cht cc cp oxi ho - kh ca kim loi.

Dy in ho ca kim loi 3. Dy in ho ca kim loi: HS tm hiu SGK rt ra c: - Sp xp theo chiu tnh kh gim dn ca cc kim loi. - Sp xp theo chiu tnh oxi ho ca cc ion kim loi tng dn.

ngha ca dy in ho kim loi 4. ngha ca dy in ho kim loi: * GV yu cu HS nghin cu - Phn ng xy ra theo chiu: Cht kh SGK, t hy cho bit: mnh tc ng vi cht oxi ho mnh to - ngha ca dy in ho? thnh cht kh yu v cht oxi ho yu - Hng ca phn ng oxi ho - hn. kh? - Quy tc . * GV gii thiu quy tc . - Vn dng quy tc xt chiu phn ng gia cc cp oxi ho - kh. Hot ng 7: Cng c Cu 1. Hy vit phng trnh ion thu gn xy ra gia cc cp oxi ho -kh sau: Zn2+/Zn v Cu2+/Cu; Pb2+/Pb v Ag+/Ag; Fe2+/Fe v 2H+/H2. Cu 2. Cho 4 cp oxi ho - kh: Fe 2+/Fe; Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag;Cu2+/Cu. Dy xp cc cp theo chiu tng dn v tnh oxi ho v gim dn v tnh kh l dy cht no? A. Fe2+/Fe; ;Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag B. Fe3+/Fe2+; Fe2+/Fe; Ag+/Ag; Cu2+/Cu C. Ag+/Ag; Fe3+/Fe2+; Cu2+/Cu; Fe2+/Fe D. Cu2+/Cu; Fe2+/Fe; Fe3+/Fe2+; Ag+/Ag Cu 3. Cho dung dch Fe 2(SO4)3 tc dng vi kim loi Cu c FeSO4 v CuSO4. Cho dung dch CuSO4 tc dng vi kim loi Fe c FeSO4 v Cu. Qua cc phn ng xy ra ta thy tnh oxi ho ca cc ion kim loi gim dn theo dy no sau y? A. Cu2+; Fe3+; Fe2+ B. Fe3+; Cu2+; Fe2+ C. Cu2+; Fe2+; Fe3+ D. Fe2+; Cu2+; Fe3+

Tit 30: hp kim

I. Mc tiu bi hc: HS bit: - Khi nim v hp kim. - Tnh cht v ng dng ca hp kim trong cc nghnh kinh t quc dn. HS hiu: - V sao hp kim c tnh cht c hc u vit hn cc kim loi v thnh phn ca hp kim. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi phng tin trc quan.

III. Chun b: - Mt s hp kim nh: gang, thp. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gv
Hot ng 1

Hot ng ca hc sinh
Khi nim

I. Khi nim: * GV yu cu HS tm hiu - Hp kim l vt liu kim loi c cha SGK tr li cc cu hi: thm mt hoc nhiu nguyn t khc. - Khi nim hp kim? - V d: thp, gang - Cho th d minh ho? - Cch iu ch: nung chy cc thnh - Cch iu ch hp kim? phn vi t l xc nh ri ngui thu c hp kim. Hp kim c 3 dng cu to: - Tinh th dung dch rn. - Tinh th ring l. - Tinh th kiu hp cht ho hc. Lin kt trong tinh th hp kim c bn cht l lin kt kim loi. Hot ng 2 Tnh cht ca hp kim II. Tnh cht ca hp kim: * GV yu cu HS nghin cu * Tnh cht: SGK tr li cc vn - C y tnh cht nh kim loi sau: nguyn cht. - Tnh cht vt l ca hp kim? - Dn in, dn nhit km hn kim So snh vi kim loi nguyn loi. cht? - cng. - Gii thch? - Nhit nng chy. * Gii thch: - Do lin kt kim loi trong hp kim quyt nh. Hot ng 3 ng dng ca hp kim III. ng dng ca hp kim: * Em hy lin h vi tc t * ng dng: Hp kim c s dng rng ri cho bit cc ng dng ca hp trong cuc sng, cng nghip, nng kim? Hy ly v d minh ho? nghip. * Th d: - Trong cng nghip: ch to my bay, tu, cc phng tin sn xut. - Trong nng nghip: cc nng c ch yu bng gang, thp. - Trang sc: - Trong cuc sng: . . . Hot ng 4: Cng c 1. Hin tng hp kim dn in v dn nhit km kim loi nguyn cht v lin kt ho hc trong hp kim l: A. lin kt kim loi. C. lin kt cng ho tr lm gim mt electron t do. B. lin kt ion. D. lin kt kim loi v lin kt cng ho tr. 2. Ho tan 3,0 gam hp kim Cu - Ag trong dung dch HNO3 long d, thu c kh NO v 7,34 gam hn hp 2 mui. Thnh phn % khi lng ca Cu, Ag ln lt l: A. 54% v 46% B. 60% v 40% C. 63% v 37% D. tt c u sai. 3. Cho cc dy kim loi sau, dy no c sp xp theo chiu tng ca

tnh kh? A. Al, Fe, Zn, Mg. B. Ag, Cu, Mg, Al. C. Na, Mg, Al, Fe. D. Ag, Cu, Al, Mg. 4. Nung nng 16,2 gam mt kim loi X trong oxi d thu c 30,6 gam oxit kim loi tng ng. Kim loi X l: A. Cu B. Fe C. Al D. Ca

Tit 31: s n mn kim loi

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit:

Khi nim n mn kim loi v cc dng n mn chnh. Cch bo v cc dng bng kim loi v my mc khi b n mn. hiu: Bn cht ca s n mn kim loi l qu trnh oxi ha - kh trong kim loi b oxi ha thnh ion dng. 2. K nng: - Vn dng c nhng hiu bit v pin in ha gii thch hin tng n mn in ha hc. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi phng tin trc quan. III. Chun b: - Hnh biu din th nghim n mn in ha hc v c ch ca s n mn in ha hc i vi Fe. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: 1. Kim tra bi c: - Trnh by cch iu ch : + iu ch Ca t CaCO3. + iu ch Cu t CuSO4. 2. Tin trnh ln lp: HS Hot ng ca gV Hot ng 1 * Cho HS tho lun v nu nh ngha v s n mn kim loi. - Bn cht ca s n mn kim loi. Hot ng 2 * GV ly cc v d v s n mn ho hc. T yu cu HS a ra nh ngha. Hot ng 3 * GV lm th nghim: Nhng thanh Zn v Cu vo dung dch axit H2SO4 long. Yu cu HS quan st, nu hin tng, gii thch v t a ra nh ngha v n mn in ho. * GV b sung: Cp Zn v Cu to nn mt cp pin in ho. Hot ng ca hc sinh Khi nim I. Khi nim: - S n mn kim loi l s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng xung quanh. M Mn+ + ne - Bn cht: l mt qu trnh oxi ho kh. n mn ho hc II. Cc dng n mn kim loi: 1. n mn ho hc: - n mn ho hc l qu trnh oxi ho kh, trong cc electron ca kim loi c di chuyn trc tip n cc cht trong mi trng. n mn in ho 2. n mn in ho: a. Khi nim: - Hin tng: + Kim in k quay. + Thanh Zn b n mn dn. + Bt kh thot ra c thanh Cu. - Gii thch: + Cc m: Zn Zn2+ + 2e + Cc dng: 2H+ + 2e H2 - Khi nim: n mn in ho hc l qu trnh oxi ho kh, trong kim loi b n mn do tc dng ca dung dch cht in li v to nn dng electron chuyn di t cc m n cc dng. b. n mn in ho hc hp kim ca st trong khng kh m: - Ti anot: St b oxi ho thnh ion Fe2+:

* GV thng bo cho HS: Gang c thnh phn chnh l Fe v C cng tip xc vi khng kh m to nn v s cp pin in ho. T yu cu HS vit qu trnh n mn xy ra mi in cc.

Fe Fe2+ + 2e - Ti Catot xy ra qu trnh: O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH- Ion Fe2+ tip tc b oxi ho v di tc dng ca ion OH- v to thnh g st c thnh phn l Fe2O3.nH2O. c. iu kin xy ra n mn in ho: - Cc in cc phi khc nhau v bn cht. - Cc in cc phi tip xc trc tip hoc gin tip vi nhau. - Cc in cc phi cng tip xc vi mt * Cho HS tho lun t dung dch cht in li. a ra cc iu kin xy ra s n mn kim loi? Hot ng 4 Chng n mn kim loi III. Chng n mn kim loi: 1. Phng php bo v b mt: * GV cho HS tho lun t - Dng cht bn vng vi mi trng a ra cc phng php ph ngoi mt nhng vt bng kim bo v kim loi khi b n loi nh bi du m, sn, m . . . mn. a v d chng minh. 2. Phng php in ho: - Ni kim loi cn bo v vi mt kim loi hot ng mnh hn to ra cp pin in ho v kim loi hot ng mnh hn b n mn, kim loi kia c bo v. - V d: bo v v tu bin bng thp ngi ta gn vo mt ngoi ca v tu bng kim loi Zn. Hot ng 5. Cng c Cu 1. Cu no ng trong cc cu sau? Trong n mn in ho, xy ra A. s oxy ho cc dng B. s kh cc m C. s oxi ho cc dng v s kh cc m D. s oxi ho cc m v s kh cc dng Cu 2. Cu no sau y ng: Cho bt st vo dung dch HCl sau thm tip vi git dung dch CuSO4. Quan st thy hin tng no sau y? A. Bt kh bay ln t v chm dn B. Bt kh bay ln nhanh v nhiu dn ln C. Khng c bt kh bay ln D. Dung dch khng chuyn mu Cu 3. C cc kim loi Mg, Ni, Sn, Cu. Kim loi no c th dng bo v in ho v tu bin lm bng thp? A. Ni B. Mg C. Sn D. Cu

tnh cht ca kim loi

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c kin thc v cu to nguyn t kim loi, n cht kim loi v lin kt kim loi. - Gii thch c nguyn nhn gy ra cc tnh cht vt l chung v tnh cht ha hc c trng ca kim loi. 2. K nng: - Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca cc nguyn t kim loi. - Suy din: T cu to nguyn t kim loi v n cht kim loi suy ra tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc ca kim loi. - Gii bi tp v kim loi. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: Hot ng ca hc sinh Bi 1: Dy cc kim loi u phn ng vi H2O nhit thng l: A. Fe, Zn, Li, Sn B. Cu, Pb, Rb, Ag C. K, Na, Ca, Ba D. Al, Hg, Cs, Sr Bi 2: Ngm mt inh st trong 100 ml dung dch CuCl2 1M, gi s Cu to ra bm ht vo inh st. Sau khi phn ng xong, ly inh st ra, sy kh, khi lng inh st tng thm A. 15,5g B. 0,8g C. 2,7g D. 2,4g Bi 3: Cho 4,8g kim loi R ho tr II tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 long thu c 1,12 lt NO duy nht (kc). Kim loi R l: A. Zn B. Mg C. Fe D. Cu Bi 4: Cho 3,2g Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, d th th tch kh NO2 thu c (kc) l A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 4,48 lt Bi 5: Nung nng 16,8g Fe vi 6,4g bt S (khng c khng kh) HOT NG CA GV Hot ng 1 HS vn dng tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi gii quyt bi tp. Vn dng phng php tng gim khi lng (nhanh nht). Fe + CuCl2 FeCl2 + Cu 56g 1mol 64g tng 8g 0,1 mol tng 0,8g. Bi ny ch cn cn bng s tng quan gia kim loi R v NO 3R 2NO 0,075 0,05 R = 4,8/0,075 = 64 Tng t bi 3, cn bng s tng quan gia Cu v NO2 Cu 2NO2 Fe v FeS tc dng vi HCl u cho cng mt s mol kh nn th tch

Tit 32: Luyn tp

thu c sn phm X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th c V lt kh thot ra (kc). Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr V l A. 2,24 lt B. 4,48 lt C. 6,72 lt D. 3,36 lt Bi 6: kh hon ton hn hp gm FeO v ZnO thnh kim loi cn 2,24 lt H2 (kc). Nu em ht hn hp thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl th th tch kh H2 thu c (kc) l A. 4,48 lt B. 1,12 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 2,24 lt Bi 7: Cho 6,72 lt H2 (kc) i qua ng s ng 32g CuO un nng thu c cht rn A. Th tch dung dch HCl tc dng ht vi A l A. 0,2 lt B. 0,1 lt C. 0,3 lt D. 0,01 lt Bi 8: Cho mt l st nh vo dung dch cha mt trong nhng mui sau: CuSO4, AlCl3, Pb(NO3)2, ZnCl2, KNO3, AgNO3. Vit PTHH dng phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng xy ra (nu c). Cho bit vai tr ca cc cht tham gia phn ng. GV lu n phn ng ca Fe vi dung dch AgNO3, trong trng hp AgNO3 th tip tc xy ra phn ng gia dung dch mui Fe2+ v dung dch mui Ag+. Bi 9: Ho tan hon ton 1,5g hn hp bt Al v Mg vo dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt H2 (kc). Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp.

kh thu c xem nh ch do mt mnh lng Fe ban u phn ng. Fe H2 nH2 = nFe = 16,8/56 = 0,3 V = 6,72 lt nhh oxit = nH2 = nhh kim loi = 0,1 (mol) Khi hn hp kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl th: nH2 = nhh kim loi = 0,1 (mol) V = 2,24 lt

Tnh s mol CuO to thnh nHCl = nCuO kt qu

Hot ng 2 HS vn dng quy lut phn ng gia kim loi v dung dch mui bit trng hp no xy ra phn ng v vit PTHH ca phn ng. Gii Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu Fe + Pb(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2 + Pb Fe + Pb2+ Fe2+ + Pb Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag Fe + 2Ag+ Fe2+ + 2Ag Nu AgNO3 d th: Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag Fe2+ + Ag+ Fe3+ + Ag Cch lm nhanh nht l vn dng phng php bo ton electron. Gii Gi a v b ln lt l s mol ca Al v Mg. + 24b = 1,5 27a a = 1/30 1,68 3a + 2b = .2 = 0,15 b = 0,025 22,4
27/30 .100 = 60% %Al = 1,5 %Mg = 40%

Tit 33: iu ch kim loi

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - HS bit: Nguyn tc chung ca vic iu ch kim loi. - HS hiu: Cc phng php iu ch kim loi. 2. K nng: - Rn k nng t duy: T tnh kh khc nhau ca kim loi bit cch la chn phng php thch hp iu ch kim loi. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TNBD. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, ng nghim hnh ch U li than, dy in, pin . . . - Ha cht: dd CuSO4, inh st. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: Hot ng ca hc sinh Nguyn tc I. Nguyn tc: * GV cho HS tho lun v tr - Trong t nhin kim loi ch yu tn ti li cc vn sau: di dng hp cht (tr mt s kim loi: - Dng tn ti ca kim loi trong Vng, Platin . . . ) t nhin. - Nguyn tc iu ch kim loi: Kh ion - Nguyn tc iu ch kim kim loi thnh nguyn t. loi. Mn+ + ne M Hot ng 2 Phng php nhit luyn II. Phng php: 1. Phng php nhit luyn: * GV t chc HS tho lun v - C s ca phng php l kh ion kim tr li cc vn sau: loi trong hp cht (oxit) nhit cao - C s ca phng php. bng cc cht kh: CO, H2, Al . . . - Phng php ny dng - iu ch cc kim loi hot ng trung iu ch cc kim loi no? bnh nh Fe, Sn, Zn . . . - Vit cc PTHH iu ch cc - PTHH: to kim loi Pb, Fe ... + PbO + H2 Pb + H2O - ng dng ca phng php to + Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + ny. 3CO2 Hot ng ca gv Hot ng 1

Hot ng 3 * GV t chc HS tho lun v tr li cc vn sau: - C s ca phng php. - Phng php ny dng iu ch cc kim loi no? - Vit cc PTHH iu ch kim loi Cu...

Hot ng 4 * GV t chc HS tho lun v tr li cc vn sau: - C s ca tng phng php. - Vit cc PTHH chng minh.

- Phng php ny dng iu ch kim loi trong cng nghip. Phng php thu luyn 2. Phng php thu luyn: - C s ca phng php ny l dng dung dch thch hp ho tan kim loi hoc hp cht ca kim loi v tch ra khi phn khng tan c trong qung. Sau kh nhng ion kim loi ny trong dung dch. - iu ch cc kim loi hot ng yu. - PTHH: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu Fe2+ Fe + Cu2+ + Cu Phng php in phn 3. Phng php in phn: a. in phn hp cht nng chy: * C s ca phng php: Kh cc ion kim loi mnh bng dng in (in phn nng chy). - VD: in phn Al2O3 nng chy iu ch Al. + Catot: Al3+ + 3e Al + Anot: 2O2 O2 + 2.2e pnc 2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2 b. in phn dung dch: * C s ca phng php: Kh cc ion kim loi trung bnh hoc yu trong dung dch bng dng in (in phn dung dch). - VD: in phn dung dch CuCl 2 iu ch Cu. + Catt: Cu2+ + 2e Cu + Anot: 2Cl Cl2 + 2e

pdd * GV Gii thiu cng thc v CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 gii thch cc i lng lin c. Tnh lng cht thu c cc in quan. cc: AIt m= nF Hot ng 5: Cng c T Cu(OH)2, MgO, Fe2O3 hy vit cc PT iu ch cc kim loi tng ng bng cc phng php ph hp.

I. MC TIU 1. Kin thc: - n tp, cng c, h thng ho kin thc cc chng ho hc hu c (Este - lipit; Cacbohirat; Amin, amino axit v protein; Polime v vt liu polime). HS bit: 2. K nng: - Pht trin k nng da vo cu to ca cht suy ra tnh cht v ng dng ca cht. - Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp trc nghim v bi tp t lun thuc cc chng ho hc hu c lp 12. 3. Thi : II. CHUN B - Yu cu HS lp bng tng kt kin thc ca cc chng ho hc hu c trc khi ln lp n tp phn ho hc hu c. - GV lp bng tng kt kin thc ca cc chng vo giy kh ln hoc bng ph. III. phng php - Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY HOT NG CA gv Hot ng ca hc sinh

Tit 34, 35: n TP HC K I

Hot ng 1: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng ESTE - LIPIT theo bng sau:
Este Khi nim Khi thay th nhm OH nhm cacboxyl ca axit cacboxylic bng nhm OR th c este. Cng thc chung: RCOOR

Lipit - Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong bo sng, khng ho tan trong n trong dung mi hu c khng phn cc. Li l cc este phc tp. - Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit b (axit bo l axit n chc c mch cacb

di, khng phn nhnh). Phn ng thu phn, Phn ng thu phn xt axit. Phn ng x phng ho. Tnh cht Phn ng gc Phn ng cng H2 ca cht bo lng. ho hc hirocacbon khng no: - Phn ng cng. - Phn ng trng hp.

Hot ng 2: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng CACBOHIRAT theo bng sau:
Glucoz CTPT C6H12O6 CH2OH[CHOH ]4CHO CTCT thu Glucoz l gn (monoaneh it v poliancol) - C phn ng ca chc anehit (phn ng trng bc) - C phn Tnh cht ng ca chc ho hc poliancol (phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 cho hp cht tan mu xanh lam. Saccaroz C12H22O11 C6H11O5-OC6H11O5 (saccaroz l poliancol, khng c nhm CHO) - C phn ng thu phn nh xt H+ hay enzim - C phn ng ca chc poliancol Tinh bt (C6H10O5)n Xenluloz (C6H10O5)n [C6H7O2(OH)3]n

- C phn ng thu phn nh xt H+ hay enzim. - C phn ng vi iot to hp cht mu xanh tm.

- C phn ng ca chc poliancol. - C phn ng vi axit HNO3 c to ra xenluloztrinitr at - C phn ng thu phn nh xt H+ hay enzim

Hot ng 3: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng AMIN AMINO AXIT - PROTEIN theo bng sau:
Amin Amin l hp cht hu c c th coi nh c to nn khi thay th mt hay nhiu nguyn t H trong phn t NH3 bng gc hirocacbon. CH3NH2; CH3-NHCH3 (CH3)3N, C6H5NH2 (anilin) Amino axit Amino axit l hp cht hu c tp chc, phn t cha ng thi nhm amino (NH2) v nhm cacboxyl (COOH) H2N-CH2-COOH (Glyxin) CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH (alanin) Peptit v protein Peptit l hp cht cha t 2 50 gc amino axit lin kt vi nhau bng cc lin
ket peptitC N O H

Khi nim

CTPT

Tnh cht ho hc

Tnh baz CH3NH2 + H2O [CH3NH3]+ + OH-

Tnh cht lng tnh H2N-R-COOH + HCl ClH3N-R-COOH

Protein l loi polipeptit cao phn t c PTK t vi chc nghn n vi triu. Phn ng thu phn.

RNH2 + RNH3Cl

HCl

H2N-R-COOH + NaOH Phn H2N-R-COONa + mu biure H2O Phn ng ho este. Phn ng trng ngng

ng

Hot ng 3: GV dng phng php m thoi cng c, h thng ho kin thc chng AMIN - POLIME V VT LIU POLIME theo bng sau:
Polime Polime hay hp cht cao phn t l nhng hp cht c PTK ln do nhiu n chc v c s gi l mt xch lin kt vi nhau to nn. C phn ng phn ct mch, gi nguyn mch v pht trin mch. - Phn ng trng hp: Trng hp l qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) ging nhau hay tng t nhau thnh phn t ln (polime). - Phn ng trng ngng: Trng ngng l qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) thnh phn t ln (polime) ng thi gii phng nhng phn t nh khc (nh nc). Vt liu polime A. Cht do l nhng vt liu polime c tnh do. Mt s polime dng lm cht do: 1. PE 2. PVC 3. Poli(metyl metacrylat) 4. Poli(phenol-fomanehit) B. T l nhng polime hnh si di v mnh vi bn nht nh. 1. T nilon-6,6 2. T nitron (olon) C. Cao su l loi vt liu polime c tnh n hi. 1. Cao su thin nhin. 2. Cao su tng hp. D. Keo dn l loi vt liu c khi nim kt dnh hai mnh vt liu rn khc nhau. 1. Nha v sm 2. Keo dn epxi 3. Keo dn urefomanehit.

Khi nim Tnh cht ho hc

iu ch

Hot ng 4: Bi tp vn dng CHNG 1: ESTE - LIPIT Cu 1: Hp cht hu c (X) ch cha nhm chc axit hoc este C 3H6O2. S cng thc cu to ca (X) l : A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 2: Cng thc tng qut ca este mch (h) c to thnh t axit khng no c 1 ni i, n chc v ancol no, n chc l A. CnH2n-1COOCmH2m+1 . B. CnH2n-1COOCmH2m-1 C. CnH2n+1COOCmH2m-1 D. CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1 . Cu 3: X phng ho 7,4g este CH3COOCH3 bng dd NaOH. Khi lng NaOH dng l: A. 4,0g B. 8,0g. C. 16,0g. D. 32,0g. Cu 4: Cht no di y khng phi l este? A. HCOOCH3 . B.CH3COOH . C.CH3COOCH3. D.HCOOC6H5. Cu 5: Trong cc hp cht sau, hp cht no thuc loi cht bo? A. (C17H31COO)3C3H5. B. (C16H33COO)3C3H5.

C. (C6H5COO)3C3H5. D. (C2H5COO)3C3H5. Cu 6: T stearin, ngi ta dng phn ng no iu ch ra x phng ? A. Phn ng este ho . B. Phn ng thu phn este trong mi trng axt. C. Phn ng cng hidr D. Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng kim. Cu 7: Cho cc cht lng sau: axit axetic, glixerol, triolein. phn bit cc cht lng trn, ch cn dng: A. nc v qu tm. B. nc v dd NaOH C. dd NaOH D. nc brom. CHNG 2: CACBOHIDRAT Cu 8: C th phn bit dung dch sacaroz v dung dch glucoz bng : 1. Cu(OH)2 2. Cu(OH)2/ to 3. dd AgNO3/NH3 4. NaOH. A. 1;2;3. B. 2; 3; 4. C. 1; 3. D. 2; 3. Cu 9: Dung dch glucoz khng cho phn ng no sau y: A. phn ng ha tan Cu(OH)2. B. phn ng thy phn. C. phn ng trng gng. D. phn ng kt ta vi Cu(OH)2. Cu 10: Cho s chuyn ha: glucoz X Y cao su buna. Y l A. vinyl axetylen B. ancol etylic C. but - 1-en D. buta -1,3-dien. Cu 11: Cho s chuyn ha: CO2 X Y ancol etylic. Y l A. etylen. B. andehit axetic. C. glucoz. D. fructoz. Cu 12: Dy dung dch ca#c cht cho c phn ng trng gng l A. saccaroz; fomanehit; andehit axetic. B. xenluloz; fomanehit; saccaroz. C. h tinh bt; glixerol; glucoz. D. glucoz; anehit axetic; fomanehit. Cu 13: Ch dng thuc th no di y c th phn bit cc l mt nhn cha cc dung dch : glucoz; glixerol; ancol etylic ? A. Na . B. Cu(OH) 2. C. nc brom. D. AgNO3/NH3. Chng 3: AMIN - AMINO AXIT - PROTEIN Cu 14: S ng phn ca amin c CTPT C2H7N v C3H9N ln lt l A. 2,3. B. 2,4. C. 3,4. D. 3,5. Cu 15: C bao nhiu cht ng phn cu to c cng cng thc phn t C4H11N ? A. 4 . B. 6 C. 7 D. 8. Cu 16: S ng phn ca amin bc 1 ng vi CTPT C2H7N v C3H9N ln lt l A. 1,3. B. 1;2. C. 1,4. D. 1,5. Cu 17: Etyl amin, anilin v metyl amin ln lt l A. C2H5NH2, C6H5OH, CH3NH2. B. CH3OH, C6H5NH2, CH3NH2. C. C2H5NH2, C6H5NH2, CH3NH2. D. C2H5NH2, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2. Cu 18: Cht tham gia phn ng trng ngng l A. H2NCH2COOH. B. C2H5OH. C. CH3COOH. D. CH2=CH-COOH. Cu 19: Ho cht no sau y tc dng dung dch Br 2, to kt ta trng. A. Metyl amin. B. ietylamin. C. Metyletylamin. D. Anilin. Cu 20: lm sch ng nghim ng anilin, ta thng dng ho cht no?

A. dd HCl. B. X phng. C. Nc. D. dd NaOH. Cu 21: C 3 cht sau y: Etyl amin, phenyl amin v amoniac. Th t tng dn lc baz c xp theo dy: A. amoniac < etyl amin < phenyl amin. B. etyl amin < amoniac < phenyl amin. C. phenylamin < amoniac < etyl amin. D. phenyl amin < etyl amin < amoniac. Cu 22. Trong bn polime cho di y, polime no cng loi polime vi t bn tng hp (hay t nhn to) ? A. T tm B. T nilon-6,6 C. T visco D.Cao su thin nhin Cu 23. Loi cao su no di y l kt qu ca phn ng ng trng hp? A. Cao su buna B. Cao su buna-N C. Cao su isopren D. Cao su clopren Cu 24. Mt loi polietylen c phn t khi l 50000. H s trng hp ca loi polietylen xp x A. 920 B. 1230 C. 1529 D. 1786 Cu 25. Ch r monome ca sn phm trng hp c tn gi poli propilen (P.P): A. (- CH2 - CH2 -)n B. (- CH2 CH(CH3) -)n C. CH2 = CH D. CH2 = CH - CH3 Cu 26. Trong cc cp cht sau, cp cht no tham gia phn ng trng ngng A. CH2=CH-Cl v CH2=CH-OCO-CH3 B. CH2=CHCH=CH2 v C6H5CH=CH2 C. CH2=CHCH=CH2 v CH2=CH-CN D. H2N-CH2-NH2 v HOOC-CH2COOH Chng 5: I cng V KIM LAI Cu 27: Kim lai c cc tnh cht vt l chung l A.tnh do, tnh dn in, tnh kh nng chy, tnh nh kim; B.tnh do, tnh dn in, tnh dn nhit, tnh nh kim; C.tnh dn in, tnh dn nhit, tnh nh kim, tnh n hi; D.tnh do, tnh dn in, tnh dn nhit, tnh cng; Cu 28: Tnh cht ha hc chung ca kim lai M l A. tnh kh, d nhng proton B. tnh oxi ha C. tnh kh, d nhng electron D. tnh hat ng mnh; Cu 29: Khi nung nng kim lai Fe vi cht no sau y th to ra hp cht st (II): A. S B. Cl2 C. dung dch HNO3 D. O2 Cu 30: Dy cht no sau y u tan ht trong dung dch HCl d ? A. Cu, Ag, Fe; B. Al, Fe, Ag; C. Cu, Al, Fe; D. CuO, Al, Fe; Cu 31: Nhm kim lai no khng tan trong c axit HNO 3 c nng v axit H2SO4 c nng? A. Pt, Au; B. Cu, Pb; C. Ag, Pt; D. Ag, Pb, Pt; Cu 32: Nhm kim lai no b th ng trong c axit HNO 3 c ngui v axit H2SO4 c ngui ? A. Al, Fe, Cr; B. Cu, Fe; C. Al, Zn; D. Cr, Pb; Cu 33: Chn p n ng Cc ion kim lai : Cu2+, Fe2+, Ag+, Ni2+, Pb2+ c tnh oxi ha gim dn theo th t sau:

A. Fe2+ >Pb2+>Ni2+>Cu2+>Ag+; B. Ag+>Cu2+>Pb2+>Ni2+>Fe2+; C. Fe2+ >Ni2+>Pb2+>Cu2+>Ag+; D. Ag+>Cu2+>Pb2+>Fe2+>Ni2+; Cu 34: Thy ngn d bay hi v rt c. Nu chng may nhit k b v th c th dng cht no trong cc cht sau kh c thy ngn? A. Bt st B. Bt lu hunh C. Natri D. Nc Cu 35: Ha tan hon ton 0,5 g hh gm Fe v mt kim loi ha tr II trong dung dch HCl thu c 1,12 lt H2 (ktc).Vy kim loi ha tr II l: A. Mg B. Ca C. Zn D. Be

Tit 37: Luyn tp n mn kim loi

I. MC TIU 1. Kin thc: Cng c kin thc v bn cht ca s n mn kim loi, cc kiu n mn kim loi v chng n mn. 2. K nng: K nng tnh ton lng kim loi iu ch theo cc phng php hoc cc i lng c lin quan. 3. Thi : Nhn thc c tc hi nghim trng ca s n mn kim loi, nht l nc ta vo vng nhit i gi ma, nng nhiu v m cao. T , c thc v hnh ng c th bo v kim loi, tuyn truyn v vn ng mi ngi cng thc hin nhim v ny. II. CHUN B - Cc bi tp. III. phng PHP - Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY
HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC

Hot ng 1 HS vn dng kin thc v l thuyt n mn kim loi chn p n ng.

Bi 1: S n mn kim loi khng phi l A. s kh kim loi. B. s oxi ho kim loi C. s ph hu kim loi hoc hp kim do tc dng ca cc cht trong mi trng.

Hot ng 2 HS xc nh trong mi trng hp, trng hp no l n mn ho hc, trng hp no l n mn in ho. GV yu cu HS cho bit c ch ca qu trnh n mn in ho p n D. Hot ng 3 HS so snh hot ng ho hc ca 2 kim loi bit c kh nng n mn ca 2 kim loi Fe v Sn.

D. s bin n cht kim loi thnh hp cht. Bi 2: inh st b n mn nhanh nht trong trng hp no sau y ? A. Ngm trong dung dch HCl. B. Ngm trong dung dch HgSO4. C. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 long. D. Ngm trong dung dch H2SO4 long c nh thm vi git dung dch CuSO4. Bi 3: St ty l st trng thic. Nu lp thic b xc su ti lp st th kim loi b n mn trc l: A. thic B. st C. c hai b n mn nh nhau D. khng kim loi b n mn Bi 4: Sau mt ngy lao ng, ngi ta phi lm v sinh b mt kim loi ca cc thit b my mc, dng c lao ng. Vic lm ny c mc ch chnh l g ? A. kim loi sng bng p mt. B. khng gy nhim mi trng. C. khng lm bn qun o khi lao ng. D. kim loi b n mn. Bi 5: Mt s ho cht c trn ngn t c khung lm bng kim loi. Sau mt thi gian, ngi ta thy khung kim loi b g. Ho cht no sau y c kh nng gy ra hin tng trn ? A. Etanol B. Dy nhm C. Du ho D. Axit clohiric Bi 6: S ph hu kim loi hay hp kim do kim loi tc dng trc tip vi cc cht oxi ho trong mi trng c gi l A. s kh kim loi. B. s tc dng ca kim loi vi nc. C. s n mn ho hc. D. s n mn in ho hc. Bi 7: Khi iu ch H2 t Zn v dung dch H2SO4 long, nu thm mt vi git dung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch axit th thy kh H2 thot ra nhanh hn hn. Hy gii thch hin tng trn. Gii Ban u Zn tip xc trc tip vi dung dch H2SO4 long v b n mn ho hc. Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2 Kh H2 sinh ra bm vo b mt l Zn , ngn cn s tip xc gia Zn v H2SO4 nn phn ng xy ra chm.

Hot ng 3: HS vn dng kin thc v n mn kim loi v lin h n kin thc ca cuc sng ch p n ng nht.

Hot ng 4 GV ?: Trong s cc ho cht cho, ho cht no c kh nng n mn kim loi ? HS chn p n ng v gii thch.

Hot ng 5 HS vn dng nh ngha v s n mn ho hc v n mn in ho chn p n ng.

Hot ng 6 GV ?: Ban u xy ra qu trnh n mn ho hc hay n mn in ho ? V sao tc thot kh ra li b chm li ? Khi thm vo vi git dung dch CuSO4 th c phn ng

ho hc no xy ra ? V khi Khi thm vo vi git dung dch xy ra qu trnh n mn CuSO4, c phn ng: loi no ? Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu Cu to thnh bm vo Fe to thnh cp in cc v Fe b n mn in ho. - cc m (Fe): Km b oxi ho. Zn - 2e Zn2+ - cc dng (Cu): Cc ion H+ ca dung dch H2SO4 long b kh thnh kh H2. 2H+ + 2e H2 H2 thot ra cc ng, nn Zn b n mn nhanh hn, phn ng xy ra mnh hn. Bi 8: Ngm 9g hp kim Cu - Zn trong Hot ng 7 dung dch HCl d thu c 896 ml H2 GV ?: Khi ngm hp kim Cu (kc). Xc nh % khi lng ca hp kim. Zn trong dung dch HCl th Gii Ngm hp kim Cu - Zn trong dung dch kim loi no b n mn ? HS da vo lng kh H2 thu HCl d, ch c Zn phn ng. c, tnh lng Zn c trong hp Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 0,986 kim v t xc nh % = 0,04 khi lng ca hp kim. nZn = nH2 = 22,4 %Zn = 71,11%
0,04.65 .100 = 28,89% 9 %Cu =

Tit 38: Luyn tp iu ch kim loi

I. MC TIU 1. Kin thc: - Cng c kin thc v nguyn tc iu ch kim loi v cc phng php iu ch kim loi. 2. K nng: - K nng tnh ton lng kim loi iu ch theo cc phng php hoc cc i lng c lin quan. II. CHUN B

- Cc bi tp. III. phng PHP - Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY HOT NG CA THY V TR NI DUNG KIN THC Bi 1: Bng nhng phng php no c th iu ch c Ag t dung dch AgNO3, iu ch Mg t dung dch MgCl2 ? Vit cc phng trnh ho hc. Gii 1. T dung dch AgNO3 iu ch Ag. C 3 cch: Dng kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn kh ion Ag+. Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag in phn dung dch AgNO3:

Hot ng 1 HS nhc li cc phng php iu ch kim loi v phm vi p dng ca mi phng php. GV ?: Kim loi Ag, Mg hot ng ho hc mnh hay yu ? Ta c th s dng phng php no iu ch kim loi Ag t dung dch AgNO3, kim loi pdd Mg t dung dch MgCl2 ? 4AgNO 4Ag +O2 +4HNO3 3 + 2H 2O HS vn dng cc kin thc C cn dung dch ri nhit phn c lin quan gii quyt bi AgNO : 3 ton. t0
2AgNO 3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2

2. T dung dch MgCl2 iu ch Mg: ch c 1 cch l c cn dung dch ri in phn nng chy:
MgCl2
pnc

Mg + Cl2

Hot ng 2 HS - Vit PTHH ca phn ng. - Xc nh khi lng AgNO3 c trong 250g dung dch v s mol AgNO3 phn ng. GV pht vn dn dt HS tnh c khi lng ca vt sau phn ng theo cng thc: mvt sau phn ng = mCu(b)- mCu(phn ng) + mAg(bm vo)

Bi 2: Ngm mt vt bng ng c khi lng 10g trong 250g dung dch AgNO3 4%. Khi ly vt ra th khi lng AgNO3 trong dung dch gim 17%. a) Vit phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng v cho bit vai tr ca cc cht tham gia phn ng. b) Xc nh khi lng ca vt sau phn ng. Gii a) PTHH Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag b) Xc nh khi lng ca vt sau phn ng Khi lng AgNO3 c trong 250g dd: 250 .4= 10(g) 100 S mol AgNO3 tham gia phn ng l: 10.17 = 0,01 (mol) 100.170 Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag 0,005 0,01 0,01 Khi lng vt sau phn ng l: 10 + (108.0,01) - (64.0,005+ = 10,76 (g) Bi 3: kh hon ton 23,2g mt oxit

Hot ng 3 GV hng dn HS gii quyt bi tp.

Hot ng 4 GV ?: - Trong s 4 kim loi cho, kim loi no phn ng c vi dung dch HCl ? Ho tr ca kim loi trong mui clorua thu c c im g ging nhau ? - Sau phn ng gia kim loi vi dd HCl th kim loi ht hay khng ? HS gii quyt bi ton trn c s hng dn ca GV.

kim loi, cn dng 8,96 lt H 2 (kc). Kim loi l A. Mg B. Cu C. Fe D. Cr Gii MxOy + yH2 xM + yH2O nH2 = 0,4 nO(oxit) = nH2 = 0,4 mkim loi trong oxit = 23,2 - 0,4.16 = 16,8 (g) 16,8 x : y = M : 0,4. Thay gi tr nguyn t khi ca cc kim loi vo biu thc trn ta tm c gi tr M bng 56 l ph hp vi t l x : y. Bi 4: Cho 9,6g bt kim loi M vo 500 ml dung dch HCl 1M, khi phn ng kt thc thu c 5,376 lt H2 (kc). Kim loi M l: A. Mg B. Ca C. Fe D. Ba Gii nH2 = 5,376/22,4 = 0,24 (mol) nHCl = 0,5.1 = 0,5 (mol) M + 2HCl MCl2 + H2 0,24 0,48 0,24 nHCl(p) = 0,48 < nHCl(b) = 0,5 Kim loi ht, HCl d
= 40 0,24 M= M l Ca 9,6

Bi 5: in phn nng chy mui clorua kim loi M. catot thu c 6g kim loi v anot thu c 3,36 lt kh (kc) thot ra. Mui clorua l Hot ng 5 A. NaCl B. KCl HS lp 1 phng trnh lin C. BaCl2 D. CaCl2 h gia ho tr ca kim loi v Gii khi lng mol ca kim loi. nCl2 = 0,15 GV theo di, gip HS gii 2MCln 2M + nCl2 0.3/n 0,15 quyt bi ton.
6 0,3

M = n = 20n n = 2 & M = 40 M l Ca

Tit 39: Bi thc hnh s 3 tnh cht, iu ch kim loi, s n mn kim loi
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c kin thc v: dy in ha ca kim loi, iu ch kim loi, s n mn kim loi. 2. K nng: - Tip tc rn luyn cc k nng thc hnh ha hc: lm vic vi dng c th nghim, ha cht, quan st hin tng. - Vn dng gii thch cc vn lin quan v dy in ha ca kim loi, v s n mn kim loi, chng n mn kim loi. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TN thc hnh. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, gi th nghim, n cn, ko, da . . . - Ha cht: + Kim loi: Na, Mg, Fe. + Dd: HCl, H2SO4, CuSO4. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: Hot ng 1. Chia t thc hnh - Gio vin chia theo t ca lp thnh bn t thc hnh. Hot ng 2. Th nghim 1: Dy in ha ca kim loi * Cch tin hnh: Ly 3 ng nghim, mi ng khong 3 ml ddHCl long. Cho 3 mu kim loi c kch thc tng ng l Al, Fe v Cu vo 3 ng nghim. Yu cu HS quan st, so snh lng kh H2 thot ra. T rt ra kt lun v mc hot ng ca kim loi. Hot ng 3. Th nghim 2: iu ch kim loi bng cch dng kim loi mnh kh ion kim loi yu trong dung dch * Cch tin hnh: nh sch g mt chic inh st ri th vo dung dch CuSO4. Sau khong 10 pht, quan st mu ca chic inh st v mu ca dung dch. T rt ra kt lun v vit phng trnh ha hc. Hot ng 4. Th nghim 3: n mn in ha * Cch tin hnh: - Rt vo hai ng nghim, mi ng khong 3 ml dd H 2SO4 long v cho vo mi ng mt mu km. Quan st bt kh thot ra. - Nh thm 2 - 3 git dd CuSO4 vo mt trong hai ng. So snh lng bt kh thot ra hai ng. Rt ra kt lun v gii thch. Hot ng 5. Vit bn tng trnh thc hnh.

Tit 40, 41: kim loi kim v hp cht Quan trng ca kim loi kim
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca kim loi kim. - Tnh cht v ng dng mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loi kim. - Nguyn tc v phng php iu ch kim loi kim. HS hiu: - Nguyn nhn tnh kh mnh ca cc kim loi kim. 2. K nng: - Lm mt s th nghim n gin v kim loi kim. - Gii bi tp v kim loi kim. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi phng tin trc quan. III. Chun b: - Bng tun hon. - Dng c, ha cht: Na, bnh ng O 2, bnh ng kh Cl2, NaOH rn, cc thy tinh, nc, dao, mui Fe. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: Hot ng ca gv Hot ng 1 * GV cho HS nghin cu bng tun hon, t hy nu v tr ca kim loi kim trong bng tun hon v cu hnh electron. Hot ng 2 * GV cho HS quan st mu kim loi kim Na v bng 6.1 trong SGK, t yu cu HS hy nu tnh cht vt cc kim loi km. * GV hng dn HS t gii thch c cc tnh cht vt l ca cc kim loi kim. Hot ng 3 Hot ng ca hc sinh V tr - Cu hnh electron A. Kim loi kim I. V tr trong bng tun hon, cu hnh electron nguyn t: - Kim loi kim thuc nhm IA trong bng tun hon, gm cc nguyn t: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs v Fr - Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng: ns1 Tnh cht vt l II. Tnh cht vt l: - Kim loi kim c mu trng bc v nh kim, dn in tt. - Nhit nng chy v nhit si thp. Khi lng ring nh, cng thp. - Tnh cht trn l do kim loi kim c mng tinh th lp phng tm khi cu trc rng dn n nhit nng chy v nhit si thp. Khi lng ring nh, cng thp. Tnh cht ha hc

* GV cho HS tho lun gii quyt cc vn sau: - S oxi ha c trng ca kim loi kim. - Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca cc kim loi kim. - Vit cc PTHH chng minh tnh cht .

Hot ng 4 * Cho HS nghin cu SGK v tr li cc vn sau: - ng dng ca kim loi kim. - Trng thi tn ti ca kim loi kim trong t nhin.

* Trn c s bi iu ch kim loi. Yu cu HS nu nguyn tc iu ch cc kim loi kim.

Hot ng 5

* GV cho HS quan st NaOH, t yu cu nu tnh cht ha hc ca NaOH.

* Em hy nu tnh cht ha hc ca NaOH. Vit cc PTHH chng minh.

III. Tnh cht ha hc: * Tnh cht ha hc c trng: Tnh kh mnh v tng dn khi i t Li n xeri. M M+ + 1e - S oxi ha c trng l +1. 1. Tc dng vi phi kim: a. Tc dng vi oxi: - 2Na + O2 Na2O2 (natri peoxit) - 4Na + O2 2Na2O (natri oxit) b. Tc dng vi Clo: - 2K + Cl2 2KCl 2. Tc dng vi axit: - Tt c cc kim loi kim u n khi tip xc vi axit. 2Na + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2 3. Tc dng vi nc: - 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 ng dng - Trng thi t nhin - iu ch IV. ng dng - Trng thi t nhin - iu ch: 1. ng dng: - Ch to hp kim c nng chy thp: VD: Hp kim Natri - Kali . . . - Ch to hp kim siu nh: VD: liti nhm. - Xeri lm t bo quang in. 2. Trng thi t nhin: - Trong t nhin cc kim loi kim ch tn ti di dng hp cht. Trong nc bin c mt lng ln NaCl . . . 3. iu ch: - iu ch kim loi kim cn phi kh ion ca chng bng dng in (in phn nng chy). pnc 2NaCl 2Na + Cl2 Natri hidroxit b. Mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loi kim I. Natri hidroxit: 1. Tnh cht: a. Tnh cht vt l: - L cht rn, khng mu, d nng chy v ht m mnh. - Tan nhiu trong nc v ta nhit mnh. b. Tnh cht ha hc: - L mt baz mnh do trong nc in li hon ton cho ion OH-. NaOH Na+ + OH- PTHH: * CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O 2 CO2 + 2OH CO3 + H2O * HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O H+ + OH- H2O

* CuSO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2 2. ng dng: * Em hy nu cc ng dng - L ha cht quan trng ch ng sau ca natri hidroxit m em axit sunfuric. bit. - c dng nu x phng, ch phm nhum, t nhn to . . . Hot ng 6 Natri hidrocacbonat II. Natri hidrocacbonat: 1. Tnh cht: a. Tnh cht vt l: * Cho HS tho lun t a - L cht rn mu trng, t tan trong nra tnh cht vt l v ha c. hc ca natri hidrocacbonat. b. Tnh cht ha hc: - Vit PTHH minh ha tnh - D b phn hy bi nhit . t0 cht . 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O - NaHCO3 c tnh lng tnh NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O 2. ng dng: * Nu cc ng dng ca - NaHCO3 c dng trong cng nghip dc NaHCO3 m em bit. phm (ch thuc au d dy) v cng nghip thc phm (lm bt n). Hot ng 7 Natri cacbonat III. Natri cacbonat: 1. Tnh cht: * GV cho HS nghin cu SGK - Na2CO3 l cht rn mu trng, tan t tr li cc vn sau: nhiu trong nc. - Tnh cht vt l v tnh - Na2CO3 c nhng tnh cht chung ca cht ha hc ca Na2CO3. mui. - Cc ng dng ca Na2CO3. - Mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim trong nc cho mi trng kim. 2. ng dng: - Na2CO3 l ha cht quan trng trong cng nghip thy tinh, bt git, phm nhum . . . Hot ng 8 Kali nitrat IV. Kali nitrat: * GV cho HS nghin cu SGK 1. Tnh cht: t tr li cc vn sau: - KNO3 l tinh th khng mu, bn trong - Tnh cht vt l v tnh khng kh v tan nhiu trong nc. cht ha hc ca KNO3. - B phn hy bi nhit . t0 - Cc ng dng ca KNO3. 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2 2. ng dng: - Dng lm phn bn. - Ch to thuc n Hot ng 9. Cng c Cu 1. Kim loi kim c nhit nng chy thp v mm l do yu t no sau y? A. Khi lng ring nh B. Th tch nguyn t ln v khi lng nguyn t nh

C. in tch ca ion nh (+1), mt electron thp, lin kt kim loi km bn D. Tnh kh mnh hn cc kim loi khc Cu 2. bo qun cc kim loi kim cn phi lm g? A. Ngm chng vo nc B. Gi chng trong l c np y kn C. Ngm chng trong ru nguyn cht D. Ngm chng trong du ho Cu 3. Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch NaCl, cc m xy ra qu trnh g? A. S kh ion Na+ B. S oxi ho ion Na+ C. S kh phn nc D. S oxi ho phn t nc Cu 4. Cho 6,08 gam hn hp NaOH v KOH tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl to ra 8,30gam hn hp mui clorua. S gam hiroxit trong hn hp ln lt l bao nhiu? A. 2,4gam v 3,68gam B. 1,6gam v 4,48gam C. 3,2gam v 2,88gam D. 0,8gam v 5,28 gam Cu 5. Nhng c im no sau y l chung cho cc kim loi kim? A. Bn kinh nguyn t B. S lp electron C. S electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t D. in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t Cu 6. Nung nng 100 gam hn hp gm NaCO 3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi lng khng i cn li 69 gam cht rn. Thnh phn % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u l. A. 63% v 37% B. 84% v 16% C. 42% v 58% D. 21% v 79%

tit 42, 43, 44: kim loi kim th v hp cht Quan trng ca kim loi kim th
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca kim loi kim th. - Tnh cht v ng dng mt s hp cht quan trng ca kim loi kim th. - Nguyn tc v phng php iu ch kim loli kim th. - Nc cng l g? Nguyn tc v cc phng php iu ch nc cng. HS hiu: - Nguyn nhn tnh kh mnh ca cc kim loi kim th. 2. K nng: - T cu to suy ra tnh cht, t tnh cht suy ra ng dng v iu ch. - Gii bi tp v kim loi kim th.

II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi phng tin trc quan. III. Chun b: - Bng tun hon. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: 1. Kim tra bi c: Cu 1. bo qun cc kim loi kim cn phi lm g? A. Ngm chng vo nc B. Gi chng trong l c np y kn C. Ngm chng trong ru nguyn cht D. Ngm chng trong du ho Cu 2. in phn mui clorua kim loi kim nng chy thu c 1,792 lit kh (ktc) anot v 6,24 gam kim loi catot. Cng thc ho hc ca mui em in phn l cng thc no sau y? A. LiCl B. NaCl C. KCl D. RbCl 2. Tin trnh ln lp: Hot ng ca gv Hot ng 1 * GV cho HS nghin cu bng tun hon, t hy nu v tr ca kim loi kim th trong bng tun hon v cu hnh electron. Hot ng 2 * GV cho HS quan st kim loi Ca v Mg v hnh 6.2 trong SGK. Yu cu HS rt ra tnh cht vt l ca kim loi kim th. Hot ng ca hc sinh V tr - Cu hnh electron a. kim loi kim th I. V tr trong bng tun hon, cu hnh electron nguyn t: - Kim loi kim th thuc nhm IIA trong bng tun hon gm cc nguyn t sau: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba v Ra. - Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t nhm IIA la ns2. Tnh cht vt l II. Tnh cht vt l: - Kim loi kim th c mu trng bc v c th dt mng. - Nhit nng chy v nhit si cc kim loi kim th tuy cao hn kim loi kim nhng vn cn thp. - Khi lng ring tng i nh (tr Ba). cng tuy cao hn kim loi kim nhng vn cn thp. Tnh cht ha hc III. Tnh cht ha hc: - Tnh kh mnh v tng dn t Be n Ba. M M2+ + 2e - S oxi ha c trng l +2. 1. Tc dng vi phi kim: 2Mg + O2 2MgO 2. Tc dng vi dung dch axit: a. Vi axit long (HCl, H2SO4 . . .) Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 b. Vi axit HNO3, H2SO4 c:
4Mg + 10HNO3 4Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 +

Hot ng 3 * Cho HS tho lun gii quyt cc vn sau: - S oxi ha c trung ca cc kim loi kim th. - Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca cc kim loi kim th. - Vit cc PTHH minh ha cho tnh cht .

4Mg + 4H2SO4 4MgSO4 + H2S 4H2O c. Tc dng vi nc: Ca + H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2

Hot ng 4

* GV cho HS tho lun tr li cc vn sau: - Tnh cht vt l v tnh cht ha hc ca Ca(OH)2. - Cc ng dng ca Ca(OH)2.

Hot ng 5

* GV cho HS nghin cu SGK, t tr li cc vn sau: 1000o C CaCO CaO +CO2 - Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht 3 ha hc ca CaCO3. Phn ng trn xy ra trong qu trnh - Trng thi t nhin. nung vi. - ng dng ca CaCO3. - nhit thng, CaCO3 tan dn trong nc c ho tan kh CO2. CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 - Khi un nng, Ca(HCO3)2 b phn hu to ra CaCO3 kt ta. t0 Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Cc phn ng trn gii thch s to thnh thch nh (CaCO 3) trong cc hang vi, cn trong m nc.. - Trong t nhin, CaCO3 tn ti dng vi, hoa, phn v l thnh phn chnh ca v v mai cc loi s, hn, mc,... - vi dng lm vt liu xy dng, sn xut vi, xi mng, thu tinh, ... hoa dng lm cc cng trnh m thut (tc tng, trang tr, ...). Hot ng 6 Canxi sunfat 3. Canxi sunfat: - Trong t nhin, canxi sunfat (CaSO4) tn * Em hy cho bit cc dng ti di dng mui ngm nc CaSO4.2H2O gi tn ti ca CaSO4. ng dng l thch cao sng. ca CaSO4. - Khi un nng n 1600C, thch cao sng mt mt phn nc bin thnh thch cao nung.
CaSO4.2H2O CaSO4.H2O +H2O
160oC

Canxi hidroxit b. mt s hp cht quan trng ca canxi 1. Canxi hidroxit: - Ca(OH)2 (vi ti) l cht rn mu trng, t tan trong nc. Nc vi trong l dung dch Ca(OH)2. - Ca(OH)2 l mt baz mnh. Hp th d dng kh CO2. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2 O - Phn ng ny dng nhn bit kh CO2. - ng dng: Sn xut NH3, clorua vi v vt liu xy dng . . . Canxi cacbonat 2. Canxi cacbonat: - Canxi cacbonat (CaCO3) l cht rn, mu trng, khng tan trong nc, b phn hu nhit khong 10000C.

(thch cao sng) (thch cao nung) - Thch cao khan l CaSO4. Loi thch cao ny c iu ch bng cch nung thch cao sng nhit 3500C.

Hot ng 7 * GV dn dt hc sinh nu ra cc cu hi nhm bn tr li. + Nc cng l g? Nc mm l g? + Nc c tnh cng tm thi l g? + V sao li gi l nc c tnh cng tm thi? + Nc c tnh cng vnh cu l g? + V sao li gi l nc c tnh cng vnh cu? + Tnh cng ton phn l g? Hot ng 8 * Em hy nu cc hi ca nc cng trong i sng cng nh trong sn xut.

+ Mt lng ln thch cao c trn vo clanhke khi nghin lm cho xi mng chm ng cng. + Thch cao nung cn c dng nn tng, c khun v b bt khi gy xng. Nc cng - Khi nim c. nc cng 1. Khi nim: a. Khi nim: - Nc cha nhiu ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ c gi l nc cng. - Nc cha t ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ c gi l nc mm. b. Phn loi: - Tnh cng tm thi l tnh cng gy nn bi cc mui Ca(HCO3)2 v Mg(HCO3)2. - Tnh cng vnh cu l tnh cng gy nn bi cc mui sunfat, clorua ca canxi v magie. - Tnh cng ton phn gm c tnh cng tm thi v tnh cng vnh cu.

Hot ng 9 * GV cho HS tho lun cc vn sau: - Nguyn tc lm mm nc cng. - Cc phng php lm mm nc cng. - Trnh by cc phng php lm mm nc. - Vit cc PTHH minh ha.

Tc hi ca nc cng 2. Tc hi: - un nc cng lu ngy trong ni hi, ni s b ph mt lp cn. Lp cn dy 1 mm lm tn thm 5% nhin liu, thm ch c th gy n. - Cc ng dn nc cng lu ngy b ng cn, lm gim lu lng ca nc. - Qun o git bng nc cng th x phng khng ra bt, tn x phng v lm qun o chng h hng do nhng kt ta kh tan bm vo qun o. - Pha tr bng nc cng s lm gim hng v ca tr. Nu n bng nc cng s lm cho thc phm lu chn v gim hng v. Cch lm mm nc 3. Cch lm mm nc: - Nguyn tc lm mm nc cng l lm gim nng cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+ trong nc cng. a. Phng php kt ta - un si nc, c phn ng phn hu Ca(HCO3)2 v Mg(HCO3)2 to ra mui cacbonat khng tan. lng nc, gn b kt ta c nc mm. - Dng Ca(OH)2 vi mt lng va trung ho mui axit, to ra kt ta lm mt tnh cng tm thi.

Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H2O - Dng Na2CO3 (hoc Na3PO4) lm mt tnh cng tm thi v tnh cng vnh cu. Th d: Ca(HCO3)2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaHCO3 CaSO4 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + Na2SO4 b. Phng php trao i ion - Phng php ny da trn kh nng c th trao i ion ca mt s cht cao phn t thin nhin v nhn to. - Ngy nay, phng php trao i ion c dng rng ri lm mm nc cng. Hot ng 10 Nhn bit ion Ca2+, Mg2+ trong dung dch 4. Nhn bit ion Ca2+, Mg2+ trong dung dch: * Em hy nu cch nhn - Nu trong dung dch ch c cation Ca 2+ bit s c mt ca ion Ca 2+ hoc Mg2+ (khng k cc anion) th v Mg2+ trong dung dch. chng minh s c mt ca Ca2+ hoc 2 Vit PTHH minh ha. Mg2+, ta dng dung dch mui cha CO3 s to ra kt ta CaCO3 hoc MgCO3. Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch, nu kt ta tan chng t s c mt ca Ca2+ hoc Mg2+ trong dung dch ban u.
2 Ca2+ + CO3 CaCO3 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 (tan) 2 Mg2+ + CO3 CaCO3 MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O Mg(HCO3)2 (tan)

Hot ng 11. Cng c Cu 1. Trong nhm kim loi kim th: A. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng khi bn knh nguyn t tng B. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng khi bn knh nguyn t gim C. Tnh kh ca kim loi gim khi bn knh nguyn t tng D. Tnh kh ca kim loi tng khi bn knh nguyn t gim Cu 2. Khi so snh tnh cht ca Ca v Mg, cu no sau y khng ng? A. S electron ho tr bng nhau B. u tc dng vi nc nhit thng C. Oxit u c tnh cht oxit baz D. u c iu ch bng cch in phn clorua nng chy Cu 3. Cc nguyn t trong cp nguyn t no sau y c tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau? A. Mg v S B. Mg v Ca C. Ca v Br2 D. S v Cl2 Cu 4. Nc cng l nc c cha nhiu ion no? A. Na+ m Mg2+ B. Ba2+ v Ca2+ C. Ca2+ v Mg2+ D. K+ v Ba2+ Cu 5. Tnh khi lng kt ta to thnh khi trn ln dung dch cha 0,0075 mol NaHCO3 vi dung dch cha 0,01 mol Ba (OH)2 A. 0,73875 gam B. 1,47750gam C. 1,97000 gam D. 2,95500gam Cu 6. Gii php no sau y c s dng iu ch Mg kim loi? A. in phn nng chy MgCl2 B. in phn dung dch Mg(NQ3)2 C. Cho Na vo dung dch MgSO4 D. Dng H2 kh MgO nhit

cao

I. MC TIU 1. Kin thc: - Cng c, h thng ho kin thc v kim loi kim, kim loi kim th v hp cht ca chng. 2. K nng: - Rn luyn k nng gii bi tp v kim loi kim v kim loi kim th cng nh hp cht ca chng. II. CHUN B HS: c trc phn ni dung ni dung KIN THC CN NH. GV: Cc bi tp lin quan n ni dung luyn tp. III. PHNG PHP - Nu vn + m thoi + hot ng nhm. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY HOT NG CA gv v hs NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1 Bi 1: Hon thnh PTHH ca cc phn - HS vn dng cc kin thc ng xy ra theo s sau y CaO Ca(OH) CaCl2 hc gii quyt bi tp 2 bn. CaCO CaCO CaCO CaCO 3 3 3 3 - GV quan st, hng dn HS CO2 KHCO3 K 2CO3 gii quyt bi tp. Bi 2: Cho 3,04g hn hp NaOH v KOH tc dng vi axit HCl thu c 4,15g hn hp mui clorua. Khi lng mi hiroxit trong hn hp ln lt l Hot ng 2 A. 1,17g & 2,98g B. 1,12g & 1,6g - HS gii quyt theo phng C. 1,12g & 1,92g D. 0,8g & 2,24g php tng gim khi lng Gii hoc phng php t n NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O gii h thng thng. KOH + HCl KCl + H2O - GV quan st, hng dn HS Gi a v b ln lt l s mol ca NaOH v gii quyt bi tp. KOH 40a + 56b = 3,04 (1)

Tit 45, 46: LUYN TP: TNH CHT CA KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT CA CHNG

T 2 PTHH trn ta thy: 1 mol NaOH 1 mol NaCl, khi lng tng 35,5 - 17 = 18,5g. 1 mol NaOH 1 mol NaCl, khi lng tng 35,5 - 17 = 18,5g. 1 mol hn hp (KOH, NaOH) 1 mol hn hp (KCl v NaCl), khi lng tng 18,5g. Theo bi cho khi lng hn hp tng 4,15 3,04 = 1,11g a + b = 1,11:18,5 = 0,06 (2) T (1) v (2): a = 0,02; b = 0,04 mKOH = 40.0,02 = 0,8g; p n D. Bi 3: Sc 6,72 lt CO2 (kc) vo dung Hot ng 3 dch c cha 0,25 mol Ca(OH)2. Khi lng - GV gii thiu cho HS phng kt ta thu c l php gii ton CO2 tc dng A. 10g B. 15g C. vi dung dch kim. 20g D. 25g Gii nCO2 0,3 - HS gii quyt bi ton theo nCO2 = 0,3 1 < nNaOH = 0,25= 1,2 < 2 s hng dn ca GV. Phn ng to mui CaCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2 Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O a a a Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 b 2b a+ b= 0,25 a= 0,2 a+ 2 b= 0,3 b= 0,05 mCaCO3 = 100.0,2 = 20g - HS vn dng phng php Bi 4: Cht no sau y c th lm lm mm nc cng c tnh mm nc cng c tnh cng vnh cu ? cng vnh cu gii A. NaCl B. H2SO4 C. Na2CO3 D. quyt bi ton. HCl Bi 5: Cho 28,1 g hn hp MgCO3 v BaCO3, trong MgCO3 chim a% khi lHot ng 4 ng. Cho hn hp trn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl ly kh CO2 ri em HS gii quyt bi ton theo sc vo dung dch c cha 0,2 mol s hng dn ca GV. Ca(OH)2 c kt ta B. Tnh a kt ta B thu c l ln nht. Gii MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O (1) CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O (2) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O (3) Theo (1), (2) v (3): nCO2 = nMgCO3 + nCaCO3 = 0,2 mol th lng kt ta thu c l ln nht.
28,1.a 28,1.(100 - a) 100.197 = 0,2 a = Ta c: 100.84 + 29,89% Hot ng 5 Bi 6: Cch no sau y thng c - GV ?: Kim loi Ca l kim loi dng iu ch kim loi Ca ? c tnh kh mnh. Vy A. in phn dung dch CaCl2 c mng

iu ch kim loi Ca ta c ngn. th s dng phng php no B. in phn CaCl2 nng chy. trong s cc phng php C. Dng Al kh CaO nhit cao. iu ch cc kim loi m ta D. Dng kim loi Ba y Ca ra khi hc ? dung dch CaCl2. - HS chn p n ph hp. Hot ng 6 Bi 7: Sc a mol kh CO2 vo dung dch - GV ? V sao khi un nng Ca(OH)2 thu c 3g kt ta. Lc tch kt dung dch sau khi lc b ta, dung dch cn li em un nng li kt ta ta li thu c thm thu c thm 2g kt ta na. Gi tr ca kt ta na ? a l - HS: Vit 2 PTHH v da vo A. 0,05 mol B. 0,06 mol 2 lng kt ta tm lng C. 0,07 mol D. 0,08 mol CO2. Hot ng 7: Bi tp vn dng Cu 18. Cho 0.69 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc (d) thu c 0.336 lt kh H2 (kc). Kim loi kim l A. K B. Rb C. Li D. Na Cu 16. Cho dd Ca(OH)2 vo dd Ca(HCO3)2 thy c A. kt ta trng, sau tan dn B. bt kh v kt ta trng C. kt ta trng xut hin D. bt kh bay ra Cu 13. Khi nhit phn hon ton NaHCO 3 th sn phm ca phn ng nhit phn l A. NaOH, CO2, H2 B. Na2O, CO2, H2O C. Na2CO3, CO2, H2O D. NaOH, CO2, H2O Cu 20. Nung nng 100 gam hn hp gm Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi lng khng i cn li 69 gam cht rn. Thnh phn % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp u l. A. 63% v 37% B. 84% v 16% C. 42% v 58% D. 21% v 79% Cu 22. Cho 16,8 lt CO2 ktc hp th hon ton vo 600 ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c dung dch X. Nu cho 1 lng d dung dch BaCl2 vo dung dch X th thu c lng kt ta l A. 19,7 gam B. 88,65 gam C. 118,2 gam D. 147,75 gam Cu 24 (C-07). Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d), thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Th tch dung dch axit H 2SO4 2M cn dng trung ho dung dch X l A. 150ml. B. 75ml. C. 60ml. D. 30ml. Cu 28. Ho tan ht 7,6 gam hn hp hai kim loi kim th thuc hai chu k lin tip bng lng d dung dch HCl th thu c 5,6 lit kh (ktc). Hai kim loi ny l cc kim loi no? A. Be v Mg B. Mg v Ca C. Ca v Sr D. Sr v Ba Cu 8. Tnh khi lng kt ta to thnh khi trn ln dung dch cha 0,0075 mol NaHCO3 vi dung dch cha 0,01 mol Ba (OH)2 A. 0,73875 gam B. 1,47750gam C. 1,97000 gam D. 2,95500gam Cu 11. Cation M+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2s22p6 l A. Na+ B. Li+ C. Rb+ D. K+ Cu 4. C cc cht sau: NaCl, NaOH, Na 2CO3, HCl. Cht c th lm mm nc cng tm thi l cht no? A. NaCl B. NaOH C. Na2CO3 D. HCl Cu 1. Hin tng no xy ra khi cho Na kim loi vo dung dch CuSO4? A. Si bt khng mu v c kt ta mu xanh B. B mt kim loi c mu , dung dch nht mu C. Si bt kh khng mu v c kt ta mu

D. B mt kim loi c mu v c kt ta mu xanh Cu 2. Nhm cc kim loi no sau y u tc dng vi nc lnh to dung dch kim? A. Na, K, Mg, Ca B. Be, Mg, Ca, Ba C. Ba, Na, K, Ca D. K, Na, Ca, Zn

Tit 47, 48: nhm v hp cht ca nhm

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca nhm. - Tnh cht v ng dng mt s hp cht ca nhm. - Phng php sn xut nhm. HS hiu: - Nguyn nhn tnh kh mnh ca nhm v v sao nhm ch c s oxi ha +3 trong cc hp cht. 2. K nng: - Tin hnh mt s th nghim n gin - Gii bi tp v nhm. II. Phng php:

- m thoi kt hp vi phng tin trc quan. III. Chun b: - Bng tun hon. - Dng c, ha cht: Ht nhm, cc dd HCl, H 2SO4 long, NaOH, NH3, HgCl2. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: Hot ng ca gv Hot ng 1 * GV dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh vi tr ca Al trong bng tun hon. Hot ng ca hc sinh V tr ca nhm trong bng tun hon, cu hnh electron nguyn t A. NHM I. V tr ca nhm trong bng tun hon, cu hnh electron nguyn t - s 13, nhm IIIA, chu k 3. - Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p1 hay [Ne]3s23p1 - D nhng c 3 electron ho tr nn c s oxi ho +3 trong cc hp cht. Tnh cht vt l II. Tnh cht vt l - Mu trng bc, tnc = 6600C, kh mm, d ko si, d dt mng. - L kim loi nh (d = 2,7g/cm 3), dn in tt v dn nhit tt. Tnh cht ha hc III. Tnh cht ho hc Nhm l kim loi c tnh kh mnh, ch sau kim loi kim v kim th, nn d b oxi ho thnh ion dng. Al Al3+ + 3e Tnh kh mnh ca Al c minh ha bng cc phn ng sau y: 1. Tc dng vi phi kim a) Tc dng vi halogen 2Al + 3Cl2 2AlCl3 b) Tc dng vi oxi
t 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3 - Al bn trong khng kh nhit thng do c lp mng oxit Al2O3 rt mng bo v. 2. Tc dng vi axit a) Tc dng vi dung dch H 2SO4 long, dung dch HCl 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 b) Tc dng vi dung dch H 2SO4 c, dung dch HNO3. Nhm tc dng mnh vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng V dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. Trong phn ng ny, Al kh N +5 v S+6 xung s oxi ho thp hn.
o

Hot ng 2

* HS: c sgk nhn xt v tnh cht vt l ca nhm. Hot ng 3

- T cu hnh electron yu cu hc sinh nhn xt v tnh cht ha hc chung ca nhm, so snh vi KL kim v KL kim th. * GV biu din th nghim Al mc lng t. HS quan st hin tng xy ra v vit PTHH ca phn ng. * GV ?: V sao cc vt dng lm bng Al li rt bn vng trong khng kh nhit thng ?

* GV lm th nghim vi oxi, axit HCl, H2SO4 , HNO3. Yu cu HS quan st gii thch hin tng v vit phng trnh phn ng. - Vi axit HCl, H2SO4 long... th Al kh ion no ? Sn phm ? - Vi axit HNO3, H2SO4 th Al kh ion no ? V

2Al +6H2SO4 c Al 2(SO4)3 +3SO2 + 6H2O

to

sao ? - Trng hp vi axit HNO3, H2SO4 ngui th phn ng cho sn phm g ? V sao ?

t Al + 6HNO3 c Al(NO3)3+ 3NO2+ 3H2O - Al khng tc dng vi dung dch H 2SO4 c ngui v dung dch HNO3 c ngui 3. Tc dng vi oxit kim loi nhit cao, Al kh c nhiu ion kim loi trong oxit. Th d phn ng gia bt - GV gi cho HS vit phng nhm v oxit st: trnh phn ng. to 2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe 4. Tc dng vi nc Nu ph b lp oxit (hoc to thnh - GV gi cho HS Vit PTHH hn hng Al -Hg), th nhm s tc dng vi ca phn ng Al tc dng vi nc nhit thng. 2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2 (1) H2O: hiu l Al nguyn cht. - GV gii thch cho HS bit v sao vt bng nhm 5. Tc dng vi dung dch kim khng phn ng vi nc. - Trc ht, lp bo v Al2O3 b ho tan * GV gii thiu v dn dt trong dung dch kim: HS vit PTHH ca phn ng Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O (1) xy ra khi cho kim loi Al tc - Al kh nc: 2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2 (2) dng vi dung dch kim. - Lp bo v Al(OH) 3 b ho tan trong dung dch kim Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O (3) Cc phn ng (2) v (3) xy ra xen k nhau cho n kh nhm b ho tan ht. 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 ng dng v trng thi t nhin ca Hot ng 4 nhm IV. ng dng v trng thi t nhin * GV cho HS trnh by cc ca nhm ng dng quan trng ca Al 1. ng dng v cho bit nhng ng - Dng lm vt liu ch to t, my bay, dng da trn nhng tn la, tu v tr. tnh cht vt l no ca - Dng trong xy dng nh ca, trang tr nhm. ni tht. * GV b sung thm mt s - Dng lm dy dn in, dng lm dng ng dng khc ca nhm. c nh bp. - Hn hp tecmit (Al + FexOy) thc hin phn ng nhit nhm dng hn ng * GV cho HS nghin cu SGK ray. bit c trng thi thin 2. Trng thi t nhin nhin ca Al. t st (Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O), mica (K2O.Al2O3.6SiO2), boxit (Al2O3.2H2O), criolit (3NaF.AlF3),... Hot ng 5 Sn xut nhm V. Sn xut nhm * GV cho HS nghin cu SGK - Trong cng nghip, nhm c sn xut

t cho bit phng php sn xut nhm. * GV ?: Nguyn liu c s dng sn xut Al l g ? Nc ta c sn ngun nguyn liu hay khng? GV cho HS nghin cu SGK bit v sao phi ho tan Al2O3 trong criolit nng chy? Vic lm ny nhm mc ch g? GV gii thiu s in phn Al2O3 nng chy.

bng phng php in phn Al2O3 nng chy. 1. Nguyn liu: Qung boxit Al2O3.2H2O c ln tp cht l Fe 2O3 v SiO2. Loi b tp cht bng phng php ho hc Al2O3 gn nh nguyn cht. 2. in phn nhm oxit nng chy * Chun b cht in li nng chy: Ho tan Al2O3 trong criolit nng chy nhm h nhit nng chy ca hn hp xung 9000 C v dn in tt, khi lng ring nh. * Qu trnh in phn + Cc m (catot): Al3+ + 3e Al + Cc dng (anot): O2- O2 + 4e. pnc 4Al + 3O2 GV ?: V sao sau mt thi 2Al 2O3 gian in phn, ngi ta Kh oxi nhit cao t chy cc phi thay th in cc d- dng l cacbon, sinh ra hn hp kh CO v ng ? CO2. Do vy trong qu trnh in phn phi h thp dn dn cc dng. Hot ng 6 Nhm oxit (Al2O3) GV: T chc tho lun, B. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG hnh thnh kin thc I. Nhm oxit (Al2O3) ? Tham kho SGK cho 1. Tnh cht bit tnh cht ca Al2O3? - T/c vt l: L cht rn, trng, khng tan trong nc, khng td vi nc. tonc > 2050oC ? Ti sao ni Al2O3 c tnh l- - T/c ha hc: Al2O3 l hp cht lng tnh. ng tnh? Vit pt chng + Tc dng vi axit: minh? Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O Al2O3 + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3H2 (Al2O3 c tnh lng tnh v + Tc dng vi dung dch kim: tc dng c vi axit, tc Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O dng c vi dung dch Al2O3 + 2OH- 2AlO2- + H2O kim). 2. ng dng - Qung boxit (Al2O3.2H2O) sx nhm - Oxit khan, c cu tao tinh th l ? N/cu sgk v lin h thc qu. t, cho bit cc ng dng + Corindon: Tinh th khng mu, trong ca nhm oxit? sut, rn, dng ch to bt mi, giy nhm... GV: B sung thm cc ng + Tinh th Al2O3 nu mt s ion Al3+ c dng Hs cha tr li c. th bng Cr3+ gi l hng ngc, dng lm trang sc, chn knh ng h, ... + Tinh th Al2O3 ln Fe2+, Fe3+ va2 Ti4+ gi l saphia dng lm trang sc. + Bt nhm oxit trong cng nghip sn xut, lm cht xc tc tng hp cht hu c. Hot ng 7 Nhm hidroxit Al(OH)3 II. Nhm hiroxit: Al(OH)3 ? Cho bit c im cu - L cht rn, mu trng, kt ta dng to, tnh cht vt l, ha keo. hc ca nhm hiroxit? - Al(OH)3 l hidroxit lng tnh Th nghim: GV: Biu din th nghim: - iu ch Al(OH)3

phn ng gia Al(OH)3 vi dd AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + NH4Cl HCl, NaOH. - Cho t HCl vo, kt ta tan ra: Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O - Y/c HS quan st hin tng, Al(OH)3 + 3H+ Al3+ + 3H2O vit pt chng minh, rt ra - Cho dung dch kim (NaOH, KOH, kt lun v tnh cht ca Ca(OH)2) n d, kt ta cng tan ra: Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO2- + 2H2O Al(OH)3 c tnh baz tri hn tnh axit. GV: Gii thiu thm tn khc - Nhm hidroxit cn c tn gi l axit ca nhm hiroxit. aluminic. N c tnh axit yu, yu hn axit cacbonic. NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 Hot ng 8 Nhm sunfat Al2(SO4)3 III. Nhm sunfat: Al2(SO4)3 ? Tham kho sgk v lin h - Mui nhm sunfat khan tan trong nc ta thc t, cho bit tnh cht, nhiu nhit lm cho dd nng ln do b ng dng ca nhm sunfat? hidrat ha - Mui nhm sunfat c nhiu ng dng: K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O hay GV: B sung thm mt s KAl(SO4)2.12H2O dng trong ngnh thuc ng dng ca phn chua. da, cng nghip giy, lm trong nc, ... - Trong cng thc trn, nu thay K + bng Li+, Na+ hay NH4+ ta c mui kp khc c tn l phn nhm (khng gi l phn chua) Hot ng 9 Nhn bit ion Al3+ IV. Nhn bit ion Al3+ trong dung GV Lm th nghim l cho dch t t n d dd NaOH vo Cho t t n d dung dch NaOH vo dd cha Al3+ dung dch, nu thy xut hin kt ta Y/cu Hs theo di, nhn xt sau tan ra th trong dd c cha Al3+ v vit PTHH Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + OH - AlO -2 +2 H 2O Hot ng 9: Cng c

Tit 49: Luyn tp tnh cht ca nhm v hp cht ca nhm.

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c h thng ha kin thc v nhm v hp cht ca nhm. 2. K nng: - Rn k nng gii bi tp v nhm v hp cht ca nhm. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c, h thng ha kin thc v kim loi kim, kim loi kim th v hp cht ca chng. 2. K nng: - Rn k nng gii bi tp v kim loi kim v kim loi kim th. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. Chun b: - Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: HOT NG CA GV v HS Hot ng 1 HS da vo kin thc hc v Al, Al2O3 v Al(OH)3 chn p n ph hp. NI DUNG KIN THC Bi 1: Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l do A. nhm l kim loi km hot ng. B. c mng oxit Al2O3 bn vng bo v. C. c mng oxit Al(OH)3 bn vng bo v. D. Nhm c tnh th ng vi khng kh v nc. Hot ng 2 Bi 2: Nhm khng tan trong dung HS da vo kin thc hc dch no sau y ? v Al chn p n ph hp. A. HCl B. H2SO4 C. NaHSO4 D. NH3 Bi 3: Cho 31,2 gam hn hp bt Al v Hot ng 3 Al2O3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d HS vit phng trnh ho hc thu c 13,44 lt H2 (kc). Khi lng

ca phn ng, sau da vo phng trnh phn ndung dch tnh lng kim loi Al c trong hn hp (theo p n th ch cn tnh c khi lng ca mt trong 2 cht v khi lng ca mi cht 4 p n l khc nhau)

Hot ng 4: HS vn dng nhng kin thc hc v nhm, cc hp cht ca nhm cng nh tnh cht ca cc hp cht ca kim loi nhm IA, IIA gii quyt bi ton. Hot ng 5: GV hng dn HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra. HS vit PTHH ca phn ng, nu hin tng xy ra.

Hot ng 6: GV t h thng cu hi pht vn: - Hn hp X c tan ht hay khng ? V sao hn hp X li tan c trong nc ? - V sao khi thm dung dch HCl vo dung dch A th ban u cha c kt ta xut hin, nhng sau kt ta li xut hin ? HS tr li cc cu hi v gii quyt bi ton di s hng dn ca GV.

mi cht trong hn hp ban u ln lt l A. 16,2g v 15g B. 10,8g v 20,4g C. 6,4g v 24,8g D. 11,2g v 20g Gii 3/2H2 Al 2 2 13,44 nAl = 3 nH2 = 3 . 22,4 = 0,4 mol mAl = 0,4.27 = 10,8g p n B. Bi 4: Ch dng thm mt ho cht hy phn bit cc cht trong nhng dy sau v vit phng trnh ho hc gii thch. a) cc kim loi: Al, Mg, Ca, Na. b) Cc dung dch: NaCl, CaCl2, AlCl3. c) Cc cht bt: CaO, MgO, Al2O3. Gii a) H2O b) dd Na2CO3 hoc dd NaOH c) H2O Bi 5: Vit phng trnh ho hc gii thch cc hin tng xy ra khi a) cho dung dch NH3 d vo dung dch AlCl3. b) cho t t dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch AlCl3. c) cho t t dung dch Al 2(SO4)3 vo dung dch NaOH v ngc li. d) sc t t kh n d kh CO2 vo dung dch NaAlO2. e) cho t t n d dung dch HCl vo dung dch NaAlO2. Bi 6: Hn hp X gm hai kim loi K v Al c khi lng 10,5g. Ho tan hon ton hn hp X trong nc thu c dung dch A. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch A: lc u khng c kt ta, khi thm c 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M th bt u c kt ta. Tnh % s mol mi kim loi trong X. Gii Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca K v Al. 39x + 27y = 10,5 (a) 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 (1) x x 2Al + 2KOH + 2H2O 2KAlO2 + 3H2 (2) y y Do X tan ht nn Al ht, KOH d sau phn ng (2). Khi thm HCl ban u cha c kt ta v: HCl + KOHd HCl + H2O (3) x-y x-y Khi HCl trung ho ht KOH d th bt

u c kt ta. KAlO2 + HCl + H2O Al(OH)3 + KCl (4) Vy trung ho KOH d cn 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Ta c: nHCl = nKOH(d sau p (2)) = x - y = 0,1.1 = 0,1 (b) T (a) v (b): x = 0,2, y = 0,1.
0,2

%nK = 0,3.100 = 66,67% %nAl = 33,33%

Tit 50: Bi thc hnh s 4

tnh cht ca natri, magie, nhm v hp cht quan trng ca chng.

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c kin thc v tnh cht ha hc c trng ca Na, Mg, Al v hp cht quan trng ca chng. 2. K nng: - Tip tc rn luyn cc k nng thc hnh ha hc: lm vic vi dng c th nghim, ha cht, quan st hin tng. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TN thc hnh. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, gi th nghim, n cn, cc thy tinh. - Ha cht: + Kim loi: Na, Mg, Al. + Dd: NaOH, AlCl3, NH3, HCl, phenolphtalein. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

HOT NG CA GV

HOT NG CA HS

Hot ng 1: GV: Nhc nh HS cc im * Cng vic trc gi thc hnh: cn ch trong tit thc hnh, lu thao tc vi th HS: lng nghe, lu . nghim v ha cht gy nguy him. - Nhc Hs ly ha cht vi l-

ng va . - Hdn Hs cc thao tc Tn kh. Hot ng 2: GV: HD Hs tin hnh th nghim: Chun b 3 ng nghim cha nc v nh vi git dd phenolphthalein. - Cho mu Na vo ng nghim (1) - Cho mu Mg vo ng nghim (2) - Cho mu Al vo ng nghim (3) un nng cc ng nghim (2) v (3) GV: Lu Hs ly Na vi lng nh. GV: Hng dn HS quan st, nhn xt hin tng th nghim.

Hot ng 3: GV: Hd HS lm th nghim: - Y/cu Hs quan st, nhn xt v gii thch hin tng th nghim. GV: C th lu HS cch bo qun dng bng nhm.

1.TN1: So snh kh nng p ca Na, Mg, Al vi nc. HS: Lm th nghim HS: Nxt hin tng: - ng (1): Na tc dng nhanh vi nc, to thnh dung dch kim mnh NaOH, dd chuyn sang mu hng. - ng (2): Mg td vi nc to Mg(OH)2, c bt kh hidro li ti ni ln dd khng chuyn sang mu hng. Sau un mi chuyn hng. - ng (3): dd khng chuyn mu hng, k c khi un nng. ( l do nhit thng Al kh c nc gii phng H2 nhng p.ng nhanh chng b dng li v lp Al(OH)3 kt ta keo bm trn b mt l nhm ngn cn Al tip xc vi nc). HS: Kt lun: - Na td nhanh vi nc nhit thng. - Mg td chm vi nc n thng, tc dng nhanh nhit cao. - Al khng td vi nc d nhit cao. 2. TN2: Nhm tc dng vi dung dch kim HS: Tin hnh TN theo Hd: - Rt 2-3ml dd NaOH vo ng ng0 - B vo 1 mu nhm, un nh. Hs: NX hin tng: - C bt kh thot ra, xut hin kt ta trng ri tan. +Gth: - Trc ht lp v ngoi Al2O3 p: Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O Sau : Al + H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2 Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O 3. TN3: Tnh cht lng tnh ca Al(OH)3 Hs: Tin hnh Tn: - Rt vo 2 ng ngo, mi ng 3ml dd AlCl3. Nh d NH3 vo c kt ta Al(OH)3. - Nh dd H2SO4 long vo ng (1) - Nh dd NaOH vo ng (2) Hs: Nxt hin tng: - C 2 trng hp, kt ta u tan. PT: 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O

Hot ng 4: GV: Hdn Hs thao tc th nghim Hng dn HS quan st, nhn xt v gii thch hin tng th nghim. Lu Hs cc thao tc trong qu trnh lm th nghim.

Tit 52: st
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr, cu to nguyn t ca Fe - Tnh cht vt l v ha hc ca Fe. 2. K nng: - Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng minh ha tnh cht ha hc ca Fe. - Gii bi tp v Fe. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi phng tin trc quan v TNBD. III. Chun b: - Bng tun hon. - Dng c, ha cht: Bnh ng kh O 2, Cl2, dy Fe, inh st, dd: H2SO4 long, CuSO4, ng nghim, n cn, gi th nghim, kp st.

IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gV
Hot ng 1 - GV dng bng HTTH v yu cu HS xc nh v tr ca Fe trong bng tun hon. - HS vit cu hnh electron ca Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+; suy ra tnh cht ho hc c bn ca st. Hot ng 2 - HS nghin cu SGK bit c nhng tnh cht vt l c bn ca st. Hot ng 3 - HS bit c tnh cht ho hc c bn ca st nn GV yu cu HS xc nh xem khi no th st th oxi ho thnh Fe2+, khi no th b oxi ho thnh Fe3+ ? - GV biu din cc th nghim: + Fe chy trong kh O2. + Fe chy trong kh Cl2. + Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl v H2SO4 long. - HS quan st cc hin tng xy ra. Vit PTHH ca phn ng.

Hot ng ca hc sinh
V tr - Cu hnh electron nguyn t I. V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T - th 26, nhm VIIIB, chu k 4. Cu hnh electron: 2 2 6 2 6 6 2 6 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s hay [Ar]3d 4s2 St d nhng 2 electron phn lp 4s tr thnh ion Fe2+ v c th nhng thm 1 electron phn lp 3d tr thnh ion Fe3+. Tnh cht vt l II. TNH CHT VT L - L kim loi mu trng hi xm, c khi lng ring ln (d = 8,9 g/cm3), nng chy 15400C. St c tnh dn in, dn nhit tt v c tnh nhim t. Tnh cht ha hc III. TNH CHT HO HC C tnh kh trung bnh. Vi cht oxi ho yu: Fe Fe2+ + 2e Vi cht oxi ho mnh: Fe Fe3+ + 3e 1. Tc dng vi phi kim: - Vi oxi, phn ng khi un nng 3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4 ( FeO.Fe2O3) - Vi S, Cl: p cn un nng. 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 Fe + S FeS 2. Tc dng vi axit: a) Vi cc dung dch axit HCl, H2SO4 long Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2 Pt ion: Fe + 2H+ Fe2+ + H2 Fe kh H+ trong dd axit thnh H2 t do. b) Vi cc axit HNO3, H2SO4 c: * HNO3 v H2SO4 c, ngui: Fe khng p * Vi H2SO4 c, nng; HNO3 c, nng: 2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O st (III) sunfat Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O * Vi HNO3 long: Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O 3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3 Fe(NO3)2 4. Tc dng vi nc: - Nu cho hi nc i qua st nhit cao, Fe kh nc gii phng H2. 3Fe + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2

- GV yu cu HS hon thnh cc PTHH: + Fe + HNO3 (l) + Fe + HNO3 () + Fe + H2SO4 () - HS vit PTHH ca phn ng: + Fe + CuSO4 + Fe + Fe(NO3)3 - HS nghin cu SGK bit c iu kin

phn ng gia Fe v H2O xy ra. Hot ng 4

Fe + H2O FeO + H2

Trng thi t nhin IV. TRNG THI THIN NHIN - Chim khong 5% khi lng v tri t, ng hng th hai trong cc kim loi (sau - HS nghin cu SGK Al). bit c trng thi thin - Trong t nhin st ch yu tn ti di nhin ca st. dng hp cht c trong cc qung: qung manhetit (Fe3O4), qung hematit (Fe2O3), qung hematit nu (Fe2O3.nH2O), qung xierit (FeCO3), qung pirit (FeS2). - C trong hemoglobin (huyt cu t) ca mu. - C trong cc thin thch. Hot ng 5: Cng c 1. Cc kim loi no sau y u phn ng vi dung dch CuSO4 ? A. Na, Mg, Ag. B. Fe, Na, Mg C. Ba, Mg, Hg. D. Na, Ba, Ag 3+ 2. Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe ? A. [Ar]3d6 B. [Ar]3d5 C. [Ar]3d4 D. [Ar]3d3 3. Cho 2,52g mt kim loi tc dng ht vi dung dch H 2SO4 long, thu c 6,84g mui sunfat. Kim loi l A. Mg B. Zn C. Fe D. Al 4. Ngm mt l kim loi c khi lng 50g trong dung dch HCl. Sau khi thu c 336 ml H2 (kc) thi khi lng l kim loi gim 1,68%. Kim loi l A. Zn B. Fe C. Al D. Ni

Tit 53: hp cht ca st

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc:

HS HS -

bit: Tnh cht ha hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) v hp cht st (III). Cch iu ch Fe(OH)2 v Fe(OH)3. Phng php sn xut nhm. hiu: Nguyn nhn tnh kh ca cc hp cht st (II) v hp cht st (III) v tnh oxi ha ca cc hp cht st (III). 2. K nng: - T cu to nguyn t, phn t v mc oxi ha suy ra tnh cht. - Gii bi tp v hp cht ca st. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi phng tin trc quan v TNBD. III. Chun b: - Dng c, ha cht: inh st, mu dy ng, dd: HCl, NaOH, FeCl3 IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gv
Hot ng 1 GV: T chc tho lun, HS rt ra tnh cht ca cc hp cht st (II) ? Cho bit tn, k hiu mt s hp cht quan trng ca st (II)? Gv: a l ng FeO cho HS qst: ? c tnh vt l, ha hc ca St(II) oxit? GV: Y/c Hs vit PTHH (dng pt v ion thu gn) ca p FeO + HNO3 long; HNO3(/n) , H2SO4(/n)... Gv: C th y/c Hs lm 1 s Tno minh ha. ? Nhn xt vai tr ca FeO trong cc p? ? FeO thng c iu ch bng cch no? ? Cho bit tnh cht vt l, ha hc ca Fe(OH)2 ? Vit PTHH minh ha, di dng pt pt v ion thu gn. ? St(II) hiroxit c iu ch ntn? PTHH? ? Ly v d mt s loi mui st(II) em bit? ? Tnh cht vt l ca cc mui ? ? c tnh ha hc c trng ca chng? Minh ha bng PTHH? ? Nu ph2 iu ch mui st(II)? PT? Hot ng 2 GV cng Hs tho lun v cc

Hot ng ca hc sinh
Hp cht st (II) I. HP CHT ST (II) Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e T/c hh chung ca h/cht st (II) l tnh kh. HS: Tho lun, n/cu, lin h, trnh by: 1. St(II) oxit - FeO - L cht rn mu en, ko c trong t nhin - T/c hh: td vi axit: 3FeO +10HNO3(lg) 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O FeO + 4HNO3(/n) Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O - iu ch: Kh Fe2O3 bng H2 hoc CO. Fe2O3 + CO 2 FeO + CO2 2. St (II) hiroxit - Fe(OH)2 - L cht rn, mu trng hi xanh, ko tan trong nc, d b oxh: 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe (OH)3 kh oxh - /ch: FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2 3. Mui st(II) - a s tan, kt tinh dng ngm nc. ( FeSO4.7H2O , FeCl2.4H2O ) - D b oxh thnh mui st (III): 2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3 Fe(NO3)2 + HNO3 NO + ... - /c: Fe (FeO, Fe(OH) 2 ) + ax HCl, H2SO4(l) Hp cht st (III) II. HP CHT ST (III)

h/c st(III) ? D on t/c hh ca h/cht st(III)? GV: Gii thiu ha cht cho Hs qst: ? c im vt l ca Fe2O3 (trng thi, mu, tnh tan)? ? T/c ha hc c trng? P minh ha? Gv: Y/c Hs lm Tno: Fe2O3 + HCl. GV: Nhn xt, b sung. ? Phng php v vit PTHH /ch Fe2O3? GV: Cho Hs quan st l ha cht: ? Trng thi, mu sc, tnh tan ca Fe(OH)3 ? Tnh cht ha hc c trng? Minh ha bng Pthh? Gv: Gii thiu phng php iu ch, y/cu Hs vit cc PTHH dng phn t v ion thu gn. ? Nu tn, cng thc 1 s hp cht mui st(III) m em bit? ? T/cht ha hc ca chng? VD minh ha? GV: M t 1 s th nghim, y/c Hs vit Pthh: VD: - Ngm inh st sch trong dd mui FeCl3 mu vng, dd chuyn dn sang xanh nht. - Cho bt Cu vo dd FeCl3 mu vng, th mu xanh ca ion Cu2+ xut hin. - Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl3 c hin tng vn c

Trong p ho hc : Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+ Fe3+ + 3e Fe T/c ca hp cht st(III) l Tnh oxi ho. 1. St(II) oxit - Fe2O3 - L cht rn mu nu, ko tan trong nc. - L oxit baz nn d tan trong axit mnh: Fe2O3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H2O + nhit cao, b oxh bi: CO, H 2, Al ... Fe2O3 + 2Al Al2O3 + 2Fe Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 - /c: Phn hy Fe(OH)3 nhit cao: to Fe2O3 + 3H2O 2Fe(OH)3 2. St (III) hiroxit - Fe(OH)3 - L cht rn, mu nu , ko tan trong nc - C tnh Baz, d tan trong axit, b phn hy nhit cao: VD: Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl FeCl3 + 3H2O - iu ch: Fe(NO3)3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaNO3 Pt ion: Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 3. Mui st (III) - a s tan trong nc, kt tinh dng ngm nc: FeCl3.6H2O , Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O ... - C tnh oxi ha, d b kh thnh mui Fe2+ VD: nht 2FeCl3 + Fe 3FeCl2 vng nu
mu vng mu xanh

xanh

Cu + 2FeCl3 CuCl2 + 2FeCl2 2FeCl3 + H2S 2FeCl2 + 2HCl

+ S - Mui FeCl3 dng lm cht xc tc trong tng hp hu c. Hot ng 3 : Cng c 1. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng trong qu trnh chuyn i sau:
FeS 2
(1)

Fe2O3

(2)

FeCl 3

(3)

Fe(OH) 3

(4)

Fe2O3

(5)

FeO

(6)

FeSO 4

(7)

Fe

2. Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c V lt H2 (kc), dung dch thu c cho bay hi c tinh th FeSO4.7H2O c khi lng l 55,6g. Th tch kh H2 gii phng l A. 8,19 B. 7,33 C. 4,48 D. 3,23 3. Kh hon ton 16g Fe2O3 bng kh CO nhit cao. Khi i ra sau phn ng c dn vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d. Khi lng (g) kt ta thu c l A. 15 B. 20 C. 25 D. 30

Tit 55: Luyn tp: Tnh cht ha hc ca st v hp cht st

I. MC TIU 1. Kin thc: HS hiu: - V sao st thng c s oxi ho +2 v +3. - V sao tnh cht ho hc c bn ca hp cht st (II) l tnh kh, ca hp cht st (III) l tnh oxi ho. 2. K nng: Gii cc bi tp v hp cht ca st. II. CHUN B - Cc bi tp c lin quan n st v hp cht ca st. III. PHNG PHP - m thoi + din ging + th nghim trc quan. IV. TIN TRNH BY DY HOT NG CA gv v hs NI DUNG KIN THC Hot ng 1: HS tr li Bi 1: Vit cu hnh electron ca Fe, cu hi. Fe2+ v Fe3+. T hy cho bit tnh cht ho hc c bn ca st l g ? Bi 2: Hon thnh cc PTHH ca phn ng theo s sau:
(1)

FeCl2

HS vn dng cc kin thc hc hon thnh PTHH ca cc phn ng theo s bn. GV quan st, theo di, gip HS hon thnh cc PTHH ca phn ng.

Fe (2) (3) (4) (6) (5) FeCl

Hot ng 2

Gii (1) Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 (2) FeCl2 + Mg MgCl2 + Fe (3) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3 (4) 2FeCl3 + Fe 3FeCl2 (5) 2FeCl3 + 3Mg 3MgCl2 + 2Fe (6) 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 Bi 3: in CTHH ca cc cht vo nhng ch trng v lp cc PTHH sau: a) Fe + H2SO4 (c) SO2 + b) Fe + HNO3 (c) NO2 + c) Fe + HNO3 (long) NO + d) FeS + HNO3 NO + Fe2(SO4)3 +

 HS da vo cc kin thc hc hon thnh cc phn ng. GV lu HS phn ng (d) c nhiu phng trnh phn t nhng c cng chung phng trnh ion thu gn.

GV t cu hi: Cc kim loi trong mi cp c s ging v khc nhau nh th no v mt tnh cht ho hc ? HS phn bit mi cp kim loi da vo tnh cht ho hc c bn ca chng.

Gii a) 2Fe + 6H2SO4 (c) Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O b) Fe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O c) Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O d) FeS + HNO3 Fe2(SO4)3 + NO + Fe(NO3)3 + H2O Bi 4: Bng phng php ho hc, hy phn bit 3 mu hp kim sau: Al - Fe, Al Cu v Cu - Fe. Gii Cho 3 mu hp kim trn tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, mu no khng thy si bt kh l mu Cu - Fe. Cho 2 mu cn li vo dung dch HCl d, mu no tan ht l mu Al - Fe, mu no khng tan ht l mu Al - Cu. Bi 5: Mt hn hp bt gm Al, Fe, Cu. Hy trnh by phng php ho hc tch ring tng kim loi t hn hp . Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng. Gii
Al, Fe, Cu
dd HCl d

HS da vo tnh cht ho hc c trng ring bit ca mi kim loi hon thnh s tch. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh tch.

Cu

AlCl3, FeCl 2, HCl d

NaOH d

O2 + H2O t0 t0

Fe(OH) 2 Fe(OH) 3 Fe2O3 CO t0 Fe

NaAlO 2, NaOHd
CO2 d

Al(OH) 3
t0

Al2O3
pnc

Al

Bi 6: Cho mt t bt Fe nguyn cht tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 560 ml mt cht kh (kc). Nu cho mt lng gp i bt st ni trn tc dng ht vi dung dch CuSO4 d th thu c mt cht rn. Tnh khi lng ca st dng trong hai trng hp trn v khi lng cht Hot ng 3: HS t gii rn thu c. quyt bi ton. Gii Fe + dung dch H2SO4 long: nFe = nH2 = 0,025 (mol) mFe = 0,025.56 = 1,4g Fe + dung dch CuSO4 nFe = 0,025.2 = 0,05 (mol) mFe = 0,05.56 = 2,8g Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu nFe = nCu = 0,05.64 = 3,2g Bi 7: Bit 2,3g hn hp gm MgO, CuO

 HS t gii quyt bi ton.

HS t gii quyt bi ton.

v FeO tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,2M. Khi lng mui thu c l A. 3,6g B. 3,7g C. 3,8g D. 3,9g Gii nH2SO4 = 0,02 (mol) mmui = 2,3 + 0,02(96 16) = 3,9g Bi 8: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron v electron l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. Nguyn t X l A. Fe B. Br C. P D. Cr Gii 2Z+ N = 82 2Z N = 22 Z = 26 Fe

Tit 54: hp kim ca st

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Thnh phn, tnh cht v ng dng ca gang, thp. - Nguyn tc v quy trnh sn xut gang, thp. - Phng php sn xut nhm. 2. K nng: - Gii bi tp lin quan n gang thp. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp phng tin trc quan. III. Chun b: - Tranh v l thi,l Mac-tanh, l in. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gv
Hot ng 1 GV: Cho hc sinh quan st mu vt bng gang, mu gang trng, gang xm ? Gang l g? Hy rt ra khi nim? ? C my loi gang ? Chng ging v khc nhau im no?

Hot ng ca hc sinh
Gang I. GANG 1. Khi nim - phn loi HS: Tho lun, n/c, tr li: - Gang l hp kim ca st - cacbon(2 5% klg C) v lng nh cc nguyn t Si,Mn,S... * C 2 loi gang: Gang trng v gang xm.

? Tnh cht v ng dng ca cc loi gang? ? L gii ti sao trong thc t ngi ta thngdng hp kim ca st m t dng st nguyn cht? ? N/c sgk cho bit nguyn tc sn xut gang? ? Nguyn liu cn dng luyn gang? ? Cho bit nhng p hh xy ra trong l cao? GV: B sung: Ko dng qung Pirit(FeS2) v cha nhiu S (ch dng sx H2SO4). GV: Dng tranh v s l cao v cc p xy ra trong l cao ch cho hc sinh thy r cc vng xy ra phn ng . GV: Dn dt Hs vit c PTHH ca cc p xy ra trong l cao. ? Nh vy, gang c to thnh nh th no?

+ Gang xm: Cha C dng than ch. - T/c: t cng, t gin c vt dng + Gang trng: t C, dng xemetit (Fe3C). -T/c: mu sng,cng, gin luyn thp 2. Sn xut gang HS: Tho lun, trnh by: - Ngtc: Kh qung st oxit bng than cc. - Nguyn liu: qung st oxit (Fe2O3), than cc v cht chy (CaCO 3 hoc SiO2) - Cc p xy ra trong qu trnh luyn gang: + To cht kh CO (trn ni l): to to CO2 ; C + O2 CO2 + C CO + Kh st oxit (xy ra thn l): to 2Fe3O4 + 4000C: 3Fe2O3 + CO CO2 to 3FeO + 500-6000C: Fe3O4 + CO CO2 to Fe + CO2 700-8000C: FeO + CO o + P to x ( bng l), t 10000C: to CaO + CO2 CaCO3
t CaSiO3 (canxi CaO + SiO2
o

Hot ng 2 GV: Cho Hs quan st mu thp. ? Nu khi nim v thp? ? Thnh phn ca thp so vi gang c g ging v khc? ? Thp c chia thnh my loi? da trn c s no? GV: B sung: - Thp thng hay thp cacbon cha t cacbon, silic, mangan v rt t S,P. - Thp c bit l thp c cha thm cc nguyn t khc nh Si, Mn, Ni, W, Vd GV: Thng bo thm: Hin nay c ti 8000 chng loi thp khc nhau. Hng nm th gii tiu th c 1 t tn gang, thp. Khu lin hp gang-thp Thi

silicat) - S to thnh gang: bng l, t0 15000C, Fen/chy ha tan 1 phn C v Si, Mn ... gang, tch t ni l. Thp II. THP 1. Khi nim - phn loi HS: Tho lun, trnh by: - Thp l hp kim ca st vi C (0,01 2%) v mt lng t nguyn t Si, Mn... * Chia thp thnh 2 nhm chnh: + Thp thng (thp C): - Thp mm: cha khng qu 0,1%C. D gia cng, ko si, cn l ch to vt dng, xy dng nh ca... - Thp cng: cha > 0,9%C To cng c, chi tit my,v xe bc thp... + Thp c bit: - Thp cha 13% Mn rt cng. - Thp cha 20%Cr, 10%Ni rt cng, k0 g - Thp cha 18%W, 5%Cr rt cng. 2. Sn xut thp:

Nguyn c 3 l cao luyn gang, 2 l Mac-tanh, 1 s l in luyn thp. ? Nguyn tc sn xut thp? ? Cc phng php thng dng luyn thp? ?u, nhc im ca tng phng php y?

+ Ngtc: Gim hm lng tp cht C, S, Si, Mn... trong gang (trng, xm). + Cc phng php luyn: - Ph2 Bet-x-me: l thi hnh qu l, v bng thp, trong lt gch chu la. ~u im: thi gian ngn ~ Nhc: k0 luyn c thp t gang cha nhiu P, v thp c TP k0 theo mun. - Ph2 Mac-tanh: GV: S dng tranh v gii ~ u im: Thp c TP nh mong mun thiu cc p/php luyn thp: ~ Nhc: Qu trnh luyn ko di 6-8h l thi, l Mac-tanh, l - Ph2 l in: l h quang in, nhit in): ln. ~u: luyn c thp c bit, TP c Hdn Hs phn tch u- nhc kim loi kh n/chy (W, Mo, Cr...), k 0 cha im, phm vi p dng ... (S, P) ~ Nhc: dung tch l nh. Hot ng 3 : Cng c 1. Nu nhng phn ng chnh xy ra trong l cao. 2. Nu cc phng php luyn thp v u nhc im ca mi phng php. 3. Kh hon ton 17,6g hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4,Fe2O3 n Fe cn va 2,24 lt CO (kc). Khi lng st thu c l A. 15 B. 16 C. 17 D. 18

Tit 56: crom v hp cht ca crom

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr, cu to nguyn t, tnh cht ca crom.

- Tnh cht ca cc hp cht ca crom. 2. K nng: - Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng biu din tnh cht ha hc ca crom v hp cht ca crom. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp TNBD. III. Chun b: - Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc. - Dng c, ha cht: Chn s, gi th nghim, kp ng nghim, n cn . . , - Tinh th K2Cr2O7, dd HCl, CrCl3, NaOH, tinh th (NH4)2Cr2O7. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gv
Hot ng 1 ? Cho bit v tr ca crm trong bng TH? ? T s hiu nguyn t ca crm trong sgk: - Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t - Nhn xt v s lp e, s e lp n/c. ? Hy d on s oxh c th c ca crm? ? Hy n/cu sgk cho bit tnh cht vt l ca crm? Hot ng 2 Gv: Crm l kim loi chuyn tip kh hot ng, nhit cao n c th phn ng mnh lit vi hu ht phi kim : Hal, O2, S... - nhit thng trong khng kh, kim loi crm to ra mng mng crm (III) oxit c cu to mn, bn vng bo v. nhit cao kh c nhiu phi kim. ? Crom kh c H+ trong dung dch axit HCl, H2SO4 long , gii phng H2. Hy vit ptp xy ra dng phn t v ion thu gn.

Hot ng ca hc sinh
V tr - Cu hnh e - Tnh cht vt l I. V tr - cu hnh e nguyn t tnh cht vt l Crm l kim loi chuyn tip v tr: STT: 24, Chu k: 4, Nhm: VIB Cu hnh e: 24 Cr : 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 * Tnh cht vt l: - Crm c mu trng nh bc, rt cng ( cng thua kim cng) - Kh n/c, l kim loi nng, d = 7,2 g/cm3.

Tnh cht ha hc II. Tnh cht ho hc - Trong hp cht, crm c s oxi ho bin i t +1 n +6, ph bin l +2,+3,+6. (crm c e ho tr nm phn lp 3d v 4s) 1. Tc dng vi phi kim: 4Cr + 3 O2 2 Cr2O3 2Cr + 3Cl2 2 CrCl3 2. Tc dng vi nc: Khng td vi nc do c mng oxit bo v 3. Tc dng vi axit: Vi dung dch axit HCl, H2SO4 long nng, mng axit b ph hu Cr kh c H+ trong dung dch axit. Vd: Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2 Cr + H2SO4 CrSO4 + H2 * Lu : Cr c 3 s oxi ha : Pt ion: 2H+ + Cr Cr2+ + H2 +2, +3, +6 *Cr th ng trong axit H2SO4 v - Tnh th ng vi axit HNO3,ngui c, ngui. Hot ng 3 Hp cht crom (III) III. Hp cht ca crom Gv: Lm th nghim: 1. Hp cht crm (III) - Cho HS quan st bt Cr2O3 a) Crm (III) oxit: Cr2O3 (cht rn, mu v nhn xt. lc thm, k0 tan trong nc)

- Cho Cr2O3 tc dng ln lt vi L oxit lng tnh,tan trong axit v kim HCl v dd NaOH. c Y/c HS quan st v vit ptp Cr2O3 + 2HCl 2CrCl3 + 3H2O xy ra? Cr2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H 2O 2Na[Cr(OH)4] GV: iu ch Cr(OH)3 t - D: To mu cho s, thy tinh mui v dung dch NaOH vo b) Crm (III) hidroxit: Cr(OH)3 l cht 2 ng nghim. rn mu lc xm, k0 tan trong nc. Sau cho H2SO4 v NaOH - /ch: CrCl3 +3 NaOH Cr(OH)3 + vo mi ng. 3NaCl ? Quan st v vit ptp chng - Cr(OH)3 l hidroxit lng tnh: minh tnh lng tnh ca Cr(OH)3 + NaOH NaCrO2 + 2H2O Cr(OH)3. Na[Cr(OH)4] Natri ? Cho bit s oxi ho ca crmit Crm trong mt s mui Cr(OH)3 + 3HCl CrCl3 + 3 H2O crm (III) v a ra nhn xt c) Mui crm (III): va c tnh kh va v tnh cht ca mui crm c tnh oxi ho. (III). Hs nghin cu sgk ? Vit p xy ra khi cho Zn Zn + 2Cr3+ 2Cr2+ + Zn2+ vo ddch CrCl3. 2Cr3+ + 16OH- + 3Br2 2CrO42- + 6Br+ 8H2O Hot ng 4 Hp cht crom (VI) ? Cho bit nhng tnh cht 2. Hp cht Crm (VI) l, ho hc ca CrO3? so snh a) Crm (VI) oxit: CrO3: cht rn, vi hp cht tng t SO3 c thm. c im g ging v - CrO3 l cht oxi ho rt mnh. mt s khc ? hp cht v c v hu c bc chy khi GV: gi ? tip xc vi CrO3 - s oxi ho cao nht +6 nn 2CrO3 + 2 NH3 Cr2O3 +N2 +3 H2O hp cht ny c ch tnh oxi - CrO3 l mt oxit axit, + H2O to hhp ax: ho ? CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4 : axit - ging SO3, CrO3 l oxit axit crmic - khc: CrO3 tc dng vi nc 2CrO3 + H2O H2Cr2O7 : axit i to ra hn hp 2 axit crmic - H2CO4 v H2Cr2O7 khng (2 axit trn ch tn ti trong dung dch, bn khc vi H2SO4 bn trong nu tch ra khi dung dch chng b dung dch phn hu to thnh CrO3 ) Gv: cho HS quan st tinh th b) Mui crmat v icromat: K2Cr2O7 v nhn xt. Ho tan - L nhng hp cht bn K2Cr2O7 vo nc , cho hs quan - Mui crmat: Na2CrO4,...l nhng hp st mu ca dung dch. cht c mu vng ca ion CrO42-. GV: mu ca dd l mu ca - Mui icrmat: K2Cr2O7... l mui c ion Cr2O72mu da cam ca ion Cr2O72-. ? D on tnh cht ca + Gia ion CrO42- v ion Cr2O72- c s mui cromat v icromat ? chuyn ho ln nhau theo cn bng. gii thch ? Cr2O72- + H2O 2CrO42+ + 2H (da cam) (vng) * Tnh cht ca mui crmat v icromat l tnh OXH mnh, bit trong mi trng axit K2Cr2O7 + 6FeSO4 + 7H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + 3Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 7H2O

Hot ng 5 : Cng c 1. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng trong qu trnh chuyn ho sau:

Cr
(1)

Cr2O3

(2)

Cr2(SO4)3

(3)

Cr(OH) 3

(4)

Cr2O3

2. Khi un nng 2 mol natri icromat ngi ta thu c 48g O2 v 1 mol Cr2O3. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng v xem natri icromat b nhit phn hon ton cha ?

Tit 57: ng v hp cht ca ng

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr, cu hnh e ca nguyn t, tnh cht vt l. - Tnh cht v ng dng cc hp cht ca ng. 2. K nng: - Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng dng phn t v ion thu gn minh ha tnh cht ha hc ca ng. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TNBD. III. Chun b: - ng mnh, dd H2SO4 c v long, dd HNO3 long, dd CuSO4, n cn, bng tun hon. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gV
Hot ng 1 GV: Y/cu Hs x v tr ca Cu trong BTH ? ? Vit cu hnh e ca Cu, cho bit s e tng lp ? Cho bit Cu thuc loi nguyn t g ? (s,p,d) ? Cu hnh e ca Cu c im g c bit? Nguyn nhn? ? Cho bit cc c im vt l v ng dng thc t ca ng? Hot ng 2

Hot ng ca hc sinh
V tr - Cu to - Tnh cht vt l I. NG 1. V tr - cu to - tnh cht vt l + V tr trong BTH: - L k.loi chuyn tip STT: 29; chu k 4; nhm IB + Cu hnh e: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 L nguyn t d, c e ho tr nm 4s v 3d Trong hp cht: Cu c s oxh +1 v +2 + Tnh cht vt l: - L kim loi mu , mm, dai, d ko si, dt mng; Dn nhit, dn in tt. - L kim loi nng, nhit nng chy cao Tnh cht ha hc

? Da vo cu to nguyn t, m in, d on kh nng hot ng h.hc ca Cu? ? ng c bn trong khng kh khng? Ti sao trong khng kh ng thng b ph mt lp mng c mu xanh ? GV: B.din Tn: t dy Cu mu trong k2. Y/c Hs vit ptp xy ra khi cho Cu tc dng vi Cl2, Br2, S? Gv: Lm TN: Cu + H2SO4 long. ? Cu c kh c ion H+ trong dd axit HCl, H2SO4 long khng? GV: Lm Tn: cho mu Cu vo HNO3 c v H2SO4 c. Y/cu HS qst , vit p, g.thch hin tng GV: Cho mt mu Cu vo dung dch AgNO3, dd Fe(NO3)3. ? Nx, vit PTHH. Hot ng 3 GV: Cho HS quan st l ng CuO, yu cu cho bit cc tnh cht vt l ca CuO? ? Hy cho bit phng php iu ch CuO ? ? Xc nh s oxi ha ca Cu trong CuO v nu tnh cht c trng ca CuO ? ? Vit PTHH minh ha t/c ca CuO? GV: Lm TN: Cho dd NaOH vo dd CuSO4: ? Quan st, NX v vit p xy ra. ? Nu cch iu ch Cu(OH)2 v cho bit cc tnh cht ca n ? ? Vit PTHH minh ha t/c ca Cu(OH)2 ? ? Mui ng (II) c c im g? ? K tn, vit k hiu 1 s loi mui ng(II) m em bit?

2. Tnh cht ho hc Cu l k.loi km hot ng, c tnh kh yu a) Tc dng vi phi kim: - t0 thng: td vi Cl2, Br2 (td yu vi O2). - un: td vi O2, S (k0 td vi H2, N2, C) Cu p vi oxi khi un nng to CuO bo v nn Cu khng b oxi ho tip tc. 2Cu + O2 CuO (800-1000oC): CuO + Cu Cu2O () b) Tc dng vi axit: - Cu khng td vi dd HCl, H2SO4 long. * vi HNO3, H2SO4 c: Cu + 2H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + H2O Cu + 4HNO3 Cu + HNO3 long c) Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Kh ion KL ng sau n trong dd mui Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag

Hp cht ca ng II. HP CHT CA NG 1. ng (II) oxit: CuO - L cht rn mu en, k0 tan trong nc. - iu ch: nhit phn: 2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2 Cu(OH)2 CuO + H2O - CuO l oxit baz, c tnh oxi ho: CuO + CO Cu + CO2 3CuO + 2NH3 N2 + 3Cu + 3H2O 2. ng (II) hidroxit: Cu(OH)2 - L cht rn mu xanh, k0 tan trong nc. - /ch: t dd mui Cu2+ v dd baz: CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 - Cu(OH)2 l baz, d tan trong dd axit, d b nhit phn: Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4 CuSO4 + 2H2O 3. Mui ng(II) - Dd mui ng c mu xanh - Thng gp: CuCl2, CuSO4, Cu(NO3)2... to CuSO4(khan) + 5H2O CuSO4 .5H2O mu xanh mu trng 4. ng dng ca ng v hp cht: Da vo tnh do, dn in, dn nhit, bn ca ng v hp kim. + ng thau: Cu-Zn; + ng bch: Cu-Ni + ng thanh: Cu-Sn; + Cu-Au: (vng

? ng v hp cht ca ty) ng c nhng ng dng g trong thc tin? ? Nhng ng dng l da trn tnh cht no ca ng? Hot ng 4 : Cng c 1. Vit ptp thc hin dy chuyn ho sau: Cu CuO CuCl2 Cu(OH)2 CuO Cu 2. Bng cch no c th tinh ch dung dch Fe(II) sunfat khi tp cht CuSO4?

Tit 58: s lc v niken, km, ch, thic

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - V tr ca Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn trong bng tun hon. - Tnh cht v ng dng ca Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn. 2. K nng: - Vit PTHH dng phn t v ion thu gn ca cc phn ng xy ra (nu c) khi cho tng kim loi Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn tc dng vi cc dd axit v vi cc phi kim. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TNBD. III. Chun b:

IV.

Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc. Cc mu kim loi Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn. Dd HCl long. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gV

Hot ng ca hc sinh

Hot ng 1 Niken GV: dng bng tun hon v III. NIKEN cho HS xc nh v tr ca 1. V tr trong bng tun hon Ni trong bng tun hon. s 28, nhm VIIIB, chu k 4. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Ni Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi mu v nghin cu thm cc tnh trng bc, rt cng, khi lng ring ln (d cht vt l khc SGK. = 8,9g/cm3). Tnh cht ho hc: C tnh kh yu HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn hn Fe, tc dng c vi nhiu n cht ng Ni tc dng vi O2 v Cl2. v hp cht, khng tc dng vi H2.
2Ni + O 2 Ni + Cl 2
5000C t
0

2NiO

NiCl2

Bn vi khng kh v nc nhit HS: nghin cu ng dng ca thng. Ni trong SGK. ng dng: - Dng trong ngnh luyn kim. Thp cha Ni c bn cao v mt c hc v ho hc. - M ln st chng g cho st. Trong cng nghip ho cht, Ni c dng lm cht xc tc. Hot ng 2 Km GV: dng bng tun hon v IV. KM cho HS xc nh v tr ca 1. V tr trong bng tun hon Zn trong bng tun hon. s 30, nhm IIB, chu k 4. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Zn Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi c mu v nghin cu thm cc tnh lam nht. Trong khng kh m, km b cht vt l khc SGK. ph mt lp oxit mng nn c mu xm. Khi lng ring ln (d = 7,13g/cm 3), tnc = 419,50C. trng thi rn v cc hp cht ca Zn HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn khng c. Ring hi ca ZnO th rt ng Zn tc dng vi O2 v S. c. Tnh cht ho hc: L kim loi hot ng, c tnh kh mnh hn Fe.
2Zn + 2 O
0

t0

2ZnO

HS: nghin cu ng dng ca Zn + S t ZnS Zn trong SGK. ng dng: Dng m (hoc trng) ln st bo v st khi b g. Dng ch to hp kim nh hp kim vi Cu. Dng sn xut pin kh. Mt s hp cht ca km dng trong y hc nh ZnO dng lm thuc gim au dy thn kinh, cha bnh eczema, bnh

nga, Hot ng 3 Ch GV: dng bng tun hon v V. CH cho HS xc nh v tr ca 1. V tr trong bng tun hon Pb trong bng tun hon. s 82, nhm IVA, chu k 6. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng GV: Cho HS quan st mu Zn Tnh cht vt l: L kim loi mu v nghin cu thm cc tnh trng hi xanh, khi lng ring ln (d = cht vt l khc SGK. 11,34g/cm3), tnc = 327,40C, mm. Tnh cht ho hc: HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn ng Pb tc dng vi O2 v S. HS: nghin cu ng dng ca Pb trong SGK.
2Pb + 2 O Pb + S
t
0

t0

2PbO

PbS

Hot ng 4 GV: dng bng tun hon v cho HS xc nh v tr ca Sn trong bng tun hon. GV: Cho HS quan st mu Sn v nghin cu thm cc tnh cht vt l khc SGK. HS: vit PTHH ca cc phn ng Sn tc dng vi HCl v O2.

ng dng: - Ch v cc hp cht ca ch u rt c. - Ch to cc bn cc cquy, v dy cp, u n v dng ch to thit b bo v khi tia phng x. Thic VI. THIC 1. V tr trong bng tun hon s 50, nhm IVA, chu k 5. 2. Tnh cht v ng dng Tnh cht vt l: - L kim loi mu trng bc, khi lng ring ln (d = 7,92g/cm 3), mm, d dt mng, tnc = 2320C. - Tn ti di 2 dng th hnh l thic trng v thic xm. Tnh cht ho hc: Sn + 2HCl SnCl2 + H2
Sn + O 2
t0

SnO 2

HS: nghin cu ng dng ca ng dng: Ph ln b mt ca st chng g (st ty) dng trong cng Sn trong SGK. nghip thc phm. L thic mng (giy thic) dng trong t in. Hp kim Sn Pb (tnc = 1800C) dng hn. SnO 2 c dng lm men trong cng nghip gm s v lm thu tinh m Hot ng 5: Cng c 1. Dy kim loi no sau y sp xp cc kim loi ng theo th t tnh kh tng dn? A. Pb, Ni, Sn, Zn B. Pb, Sn, Ni, Zn C. Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb D. Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn 2. St ty l st c ph ln b mt bi kim loi no sau y ? A. Zn B. Ni C. Sn D. Cr

V. Cng c: VI. Rt kinh nghim:

tnh cht ha hc ca crom, ng v hp cht ca chng

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Cu hnh e bt thng ca nguyn t Cr v Cu. - V sao Cu c s oxi ha +1 v +2, cn Cr c s oxi ha t +1 +6. 2. K nng: - Vit PTHH dng phn t v ion thu gn ca cc phn ng th hin tnh cht ha hc ca crom v ng. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc: HOT NG CA GV HOT NG CA HS Hot ng 1: Cng c kin thc HS: Vn dng kin thc hc, in GV: Y/c Hs in bng h thng tin vo bng: thng kin thc. Crom (Cr) ng (Cu) Cu hnh GV: nh hng, hng dn HS e khi cn thit. S oxh Y/c HS trnh by ngn gn, T/c ha hc y ... c trng Hot ng 2: Bi tp vn dng HS: Tho lun, in bng hp cht: GV: T chc cho Hs lm cc Hp cht Hp cht Hp cht dng bi tp cng c kin Cu(II) Cr(III) Cr(VI) thc: Th d BT 1(sgk-Tr166): T/c h.hc HS: Tho lun, vn dng, trnh by: Y/c Hs vn dng kin thc, Vit PT: vit PT hon thnh s to CuS (1) Cu + S chuyn ha: (2) CuS + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + NO2 + SO2+ H2O (3) Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + 2NaNO3 BT 2(sgk- 166): (4) Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O GV: nh hng, hng dn: dpdd ? Khi cho hp kim (gm Fe, (5) CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 . Cr, Al) vo dd NaOH, kim loi Hs: tho lun nhm: no p? PTHH? 6, 72 nH 2 = = 0,3mol 22, 4 ? Phn rn khng tan trong PT: NaOH l g? 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 ? x % khi lng kim loi 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O trong hp kim, trc ht cn 0,2mol

Tit 59: Luyn tp

x g? 0,3mol GV: HD Hs t PTHH v s mAl = 27.0, 2 = 5, 4 g mol kh thu c tnh s 5, 4 % Al = 100% = 5, 4% mol kim loi, ri suy ra khi 100 lng. Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 GV: Nhn xt, b sung, x mol x mol nh hng phng php cho Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2 cc bi tp tng t. y mol y mol 56 x + 52 y = 100 5, 6 38,8 x + y = 22, 4 Ta c h pt: Gii ra: x = 1,55 ; y = 0,15 mFe = 56.1,55 = 86,8 g % Fe = 86,8% mCr = 52.0,15 = 7,8 g %Cr = 7,8%

Tit 60: Bi thc hnh s 5

tnh cht ha hc ca st, ng v nhng hp cht ca st v crom

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c kin thc v tnh cht ha hc quan trng ca st, crom, ng v mt s hp cht ca chng. 2. K nng: - Tip tc rn luyn cc k nng thc hnh ha hc: lm vic vi dng c th nghim, ha cht, quan st hin tng. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp vi TN thc hnh. III. Chun b: - Dng c: ng nghim, gi th nghim, n cn. - Ha cht: + Kim loi: Cu, Fe. + Dd: NaOH, HCl, H2SO4 c K2Cr2O7. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: HOT NG CA GV Hot ng 1: GV: Nu mc tiu, y/cu ca tit thc hnh. GV: Nhc nh HS cc im cn ch trong tit thc hnh, lu thao tc vi th nghim v ha cht gy nguy him. - Nhc Hs ly ha cht vi lng va . - Hdn Hs cc thao tc Tn kh. Hot ng 2: Gv: Hng dn Hs thao tc th nghim. - Y/c Hs quan st, nhn xt hin tng v vn dng kin thc hc gii thch, vit PTHH ca p. HOT NG CA HS * Cng vic trc gi thc hnh HS: Lng nghe, lu . HS: Thao tc th nghim theo hng dn

TN1: iu ch FeCl2 HS: Tin hnh TN theo hng dn. - Lm sch inh st cho vo ng nghim - Thm vo ~3ml dd HCl, un nh. HS: Qst, n/xt hin tng: - C kh khng mu thot ra, dung dch chuyn sang mu lc nht (ca FeCl2) Hs: vit PT

TN2: iu ch Fe(OH)2 Hot ng 3: Hs: Tin hnh TN: Gv: Hdn Hs lm TN - Cho ~3ml dd NaOH vo ng nghim, Hd Hs vn dng kin thc un khong 1 pht ( ui ht O 2), hc gii thch cc hin t- ngui. ng ha hc trong th - Rt ~3ml dd FeCl2 /ch trn vo. nghim. Hs: Qst, nx: - Xut hin kt ta mu trng xanh. Y/c Hs vit PTP PT: FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl

? Ti sao lu kt ta lc nht trng xanh trng xanh trong khng - nguyn ng nghim 1 thi gian, kt kh, n b chuyn sang ta chuyn mu nu . mu nu ? Pt: 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3 trng xanh nu Hot ng 4: TN3: Th tnh oxi ha ca K2Cr2O7 HS: Tin hnh TN theo hng dn GV: HD Hs tin hnh th - Lm sch inh st, cho vo ng nghim nghim ln lt theo tng bc. c sn 3ml dd H2SO4 long. nh hng cho HS quan st - Nh tng git dd K2Cr2O7(mu cam) vo hin tng xy ra trong th dd FeSO4 va /ch c, lc nh. nghim, vn dng kin thc HS: NX hin tng: ha hc gii thch. 2 - dd chuyn t mu da cam (ion Cr2O7 ) 3+ (Trong dd cc ion Fe2+ b ion sang mu xanh ru (ca ion Cr ). Cr2O72 oxi ha thnh Fe3+ , HS: Gii thch, vit PT: K2Cr2O7 + 6FeSO4 + 7H2SO4 6+ 3+ cn Cr b kh thnh Cr ) Cr2(SO4)3 Lu : P xy ra trong mi tr+ K2SO4 + 3Fe2(SO4)3 + ng H2SO4 nn phi cho d 7H2O. K2Cr2O7 c tnh oxi ha mnh H2SO4. Hot ng 5: Gv: HD HS lm Tn: TN4: P ca Cu vi dd H 2SO4 c, nng Hng dn HS da vo kin Hs: Tin hnh th nghim thc hc gii thch - Cho vi mu Cu vo ng nghim c cha cc hin tng th nghim. 3ml dd H2SO4 c, un nng. Hs: Qst: - Y/c Hs vit PTHH ca p. - C kh khng mu, mi hc, dung dch chuyn mu xanh. to CuSO4 + SO2 + Pt: Cu + 2H2SO4() 2H2O Hs: Tip tc lm Tn: - Rt dd xanh sang ng nghim khc, nh tng git NaOH vo. + Htg: Xut hin kt ta xanh lam. CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4

Tit 62: Nhn bit mt s ion trong dung dch

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Nguyn tc nhn bit mt s ion trong dd. - Cch nhn bit cc cation: Na+, NH4+, Ba2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+. - Nhn bit cc anion: NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, CO32-. 2. K nng: - C k nng tin hnh th nghim nhn bit cc cation v anion trong dd. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp TNBD. III. Chun b: - ng nghim, cp ng nghim, gi ng nghim, n cn. - Cc dd : NaCl, BaCl2, AlCl3, NH4Cl, FeCl3, NaNO3, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, CuCl2, NH3, HCl, H2SO4. - Kim loi: Fe v cc l ng mng. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gV
Hot ng 1

Hot ng ca hc sinh

Nguyn tc nhn bit I. Nguyn tc nhn bit 1 ion trong dung dch HS: Tho lun, phn tch, nu nguyn tc: * Ngtc chung: "Dng thuc th to vi ion 1 hp cht c mu, 1 cht kh, hoc 1 cht kt ta" Hot ng 2 Nhn bit mt s cation trong dung dch Gv: M t th nghim: t II. Nhn bit 1 s cation trong dung dd mui Na di dng mui dch rn trn dy platin -> Ngn 1. Cation Na+ la nhum mu vng ti. - Dng ph.php vt l th mu ngn la. ? Ti sao khng nhn bit ion Na+ bng ph2 ha hc? Vy cn lm ntn? GV: HD tho lun, Hs nh li 2. Cation NH4+ kin thc c: - Thm lng d dd kim NaOH, KOH vo dd ? nhn bit c ion cha NH + 4 , un nng nh , gii phng kh amoni trong dung dch, ng-

i ta lm ntn? NH3 mi khai c trng. to (C th th kh NH3 bng NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH giy qu tm t) 2+ 3. Cation Ba - Dng dung dch H2SO4 long, to c kt Gv: HD Hs tin hnh nhanh ta trng khng tan trong axit TN: Ba2+ + SO42 BaSO4 Nh dd H2SO4 long vo dd (trng) c cha Ba2+ 3+ HS: Nhn xt, rt ra pp 4. Cation Al - Dng dung dch kim, to kt ta, ri nhn bit, vit PT kt ta tan trong kim d. Al3+ + 3OH Al(OH)3 keo GV: HD HS lm TN nhanh. HS quan st, ghi nh mu trng Al(OH)3 + OH [Al(OH)4] kt ta, vit PTHH, PT ion 5. Cation Fe2+ v Fe3+ TG Fe3+ + 3OH Fe(OH)3 (nu GV: Y/c Hs lm TN nhanh ) Cho dd kim hoc NH3 vo dd Fe2+ to ra HS trc tip quan st mu kt ta Fe(OH)2 -trng Fe(OH)2 mu trng hi xanh, sau hi xanh, kta Fe(OH)3 chuyn dn thnh Fe(OH)3 mu nu : 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4 Fe(OH)3 -nu . ? Hy nh li pp nhn bit ion 6. Cation Cu2+ - Thuc th c trng l dd NH3, to kta ny hc lp 11? GV: HD HS lm TN chng xanh ri tan thnh dd xanh lam m. minh. Hot ng 3 Nhn bit mt s anion trong dung dch III. Nhn bit 1 s anion trong dung dch GV: Hdn tho lun, cho Hs 1. Anion NO3 vn dng kin thc hc - Dng vi mu Cu trong mi trng axit. trnh by phng php nhn 3Cu + 2NO3 + 8H+ 3Cu2+ + 2NO + bit cc ion. 4H2O Xanh Gv: Hng dn Hs thao tc th 2NO + O2 2NO2 ( mu nu nghim, nhn xt cc hin ) tng ha hc c trng 2. Anion SO 24 Thuc th : dd BaCl2 trong mt axit (1 s Tn khng tin lm, Gv BaSO4 Ba2+ + SO42 c th m t v HD HS quan st tranh, nh trong (trng) sgk) 3. Anion Cl- Thuc th: dd AgNO3 , to kt ta trng HS: Lu mu, hin tng TN. Ag+ + Cl AgCl trng 24. Anion CO3 Thuc th: dd axit mnh: HCl, H2SO4 long Hin tng: si bt kh lm c nc vi d CO32 + 2H+ CO2 + H2O CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O Hot ng 4 : Cng c GV: C th chun b cc mu phn tch nh sau: Mu 1: Nhn bit cc ion NH4+, Ca2+, Ba2+ ng trong cc ng nghim ring bit Mu 2: Nhn bit cc ion Al3+, Cr3+, Mg2+ ng trong cc ng

nghim ring bit Mu 3: Nhn bit cc ion Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+ ng trong cc ng nghim ring bit Mu 4: Nhn bit cc ion NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, CO32- ng trong cc ng nghim ring bit

Tit 63: Nhn bit mt s cht kh

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Nguyn tc chung nhn bit mt s cht kh. - Bit cch nhn bit cc kh CO2, SO2, H2S, NH3. 2. K nng: - Lm th nghim thc hnh nhn bit mt s cht kh. II. Phng php: - m thoi kt hp TNBD. III. Chun b: - Dng c th nghim v cc bnh kh CO2, SO2, H2S, NH3. III. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gV
Hot ng 1

Hot ng ca hc sinh
Nguyn tc chung I. Nguyn tc chung nhn bit 1 cht kh - Da vo tnh cht vt l, ha hc c trng VD: da vo mu, mi ... Nhn bit mt s cht kh II. Nhn bit mt s cht kh 1. Nhn bit kh CO2

Hot ng 2 ? Trong PTN mun c kh CO2 lm th no?

? Kh CO2 c tnh cht g? Da vo phn ng no nhn bit kh CO2?

HS: Tho lun, tm phng php: - CO2 khng mu, khng mi - Thuc th: dd Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 d. - Htg: To kt ta trng (CaCO3 , BaCO3)

? So snh c im, t/cht 2. Nhn bit kh SO2 ca SO2 vi CO2? HS: Tho lun: Chng c im g ging v - SO2 cng l kh khng mu, mi hc, khc nhau? nng hn khng kh, cng lm vn c nc vi trong, nn khng nn dng ? Lm th no phn bit Ca(OH)2. kh SO2 vi CO2? C th dng dd Ca(OH)2 khng? V sao? - Thuc th tt nht nb SO2 l dd nc Br. (Kh SO2 lm nht mu dung dch brom) Gv: Hd HS lm th nghim minh ha, y/c nx hin tng, SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr rt ra kt lun. 3. Nhn bit kh H2S ? Da vo tnh cht vt l, - H2S khng mu, mi trng thi. ha hc ca n, c th nhn - Thuc th: dd mui ch axetat hoc ra kh H2S nh th no? mui ng # kta en ? P no ca H2S l c trH2S + Cu2+ CuS + 2H+ ng? H2S + Pb2+ PbS + 2H+ ? Vit PT dng ion thu gn 4. Nhn bit kh NH3 ca p . - NH3 khng mu, nh hn khng kh, mi khai c trng, tan nhiu trong nc. ? C th da vo c tnh - Thuc th: Cht ch th mu nh qu vt l, ha hc ca NH3 tm, phenolphtalein. phn bit n nh th no? (NH3 lm giy qu t chuyn xanh) ? D on hin tng xy ra ca p? Hot ng 3 : Cng c 1. C th dng dung dch nc vi trong phn bit 2 kh CO2 v SO2 c khng ? Ti sao ? 2. Cho 2 bnh kh ring bit ng cc kh CO 2 v SO2. Hy trnh by cch nhn bit tng kh. Vit cc PTHH.

Tit 64: luyn tp Nhn bit mt s cht v c

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: - Cng c kin thc nhn bit mt s ion trong dd v mt s cht kh - Bit cch nhn bit cc kh CO2, SO2, H2S, NH3. 2. K nng: - Rn luyn k nng lm th nghim nhn bit. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. Chun b: - Yu cu HS chun b bng tng kt cch nhn bit mt s ion trong dd v mt s cht kh. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: Hot ng caGV Hot ng ca hc sinh

Bi 1: Trnh by cch nhn bit cc ion trong cc dung dch ring r sau: Ba 2+, Hot ng 1 Fe3+, Cu2+. HS da vo phn ng c Gii 3+ 2+ trng dng nhn bit cc Ba2+ , Fe , Cu 2cation gii quyt bi +dd SO4 ton. tra ng kho ng hie n t ng 2+ 3+ 2+ GV quan st, theo di, gip Ba Fe , Cu HS hon thnh bi tp. +dd NH3 d
na u o xanh, sau o tan

Fe

3+

Cu2+

Hot ng 2 GV yu cu HS cho bit cc hin tng xy ra khi cho t t dung dch NaOH vo mi dung dch, t xem c th nhn bit c ti a bao nhiu dung dch.

Hot ng 3 GV yu cu HS xc nh mi trng ca cc dung dch. HS gii quyt bi ton.

Hot ng 3 HS t gii quyt bi ton.

Hot ng 4 GV lu HS y l bi tp chng t s c mt ca cc cht nn nu c n cht th ta phi chng minh c s c mt ca c n cht. Dng bi tp nay khc so vi bi tp nhn bit (nhn bit n cht th ta ch cn nhn bit c n 1 cht). HS gii quyt bi ton di

Bi 2: C 5 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng ng mt trong cc dung dch sau y (nng khong 0,1M): NH4Cl, FeCl2, AlCl3, MgCl2, CuCl2. Ch dng dung dch NaOH nh t t vo tng dung dch, c th nhn bit c ti da cc dung dch no sau y ? A. Hai dung dch: NH4Cl, CuCl2. B. Ba dung dch: NH4Cl, MgCl2, CuCl2. C. Bn dung dch: NH4Cl, AlCl3, MgCl2, CuCl2. D. C 5 dung dch. Bi 3: C 4 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng ng mt trong cc dung dch sau (nng khong 0,01M): NaCl, Na 2CO3, KHSO4 v CH3NH2. Ch dng giy qu tm ln lt nhng vo 4 dung dch, quan st s thay i mu sc ca n c th nhn bit c dy cc dung dch no ? A. Dung dch NaCl. B. Hai dung dch NaCl v KHSO4. C. Hai dung dch KHSO4 v CH3NH2. D. Ba dung dch NaCl, KHSO4 v Na2CO3. Bi 4: Hy phn bit hai dung dch ring r sau: (NH4)2S v (NH4)2SO4 bng mt thuc th. Gii Cho mt mu giy lc tm dung dch Pb(NO3)2 vo 2 dung dch trn, dung dch no lm cho mu giy lc chuyn sang mu en l dung dch (NH4)2S. (NH4)2S + Pb(NO3)2 PbS + 2NH4NO3 Bi 5: C hn hp kh gm SO2, CO2v H2. Hy chng minh trong hn hp c mt tng kh . Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng. Gii Cho hn hp kh i qua nc Br2 d, thy nc Br2 b nht mu chng t c kh SO2. SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr (1) Kh i ra sau phn ng tip tc dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy c kt ta trng chng t c kh CO2.

s hng dn ca GV.

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O (2) Kh i ra sau phn ng (2) dn qua ng ng CuO un nng thy to ra Cu mu chng t c kh H2.
CuO + H 2
t0

Cu + H2O

Tit 65: ha hc v vn pht trin kinh t

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit:

Vai tr ca nng lng, nhin liu, nguyn vt liu i vi s pht trin kinh t, x hi. - Xu th ca th gii v vic gii quyt nng lng, nhin liu, nguyn vt liu. - Vai tr ca ha hc i vi vic p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao, cng a dng v nng lng, nhin liu, nguyn vt liu. 2. Tnh cm thi : - HS c thc s dng tit kim nng lng, nguyn vt liu. - Yu thch, c thi tch cc trong hc tp ha hc. II. Phng php: - m thoi, tho lun nhm. III. Chun b: - Cc t liu thc t, cp nht v nng lng, nhin liu, nguyn vt liu ca Vit nam v mt s nc. - Mt s phiu hc tp. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc: -

Hot ng ca gv
Hot ng 1 GV: Y/cu Hs c thng tin trong bi, s dng kin thc c...tho lun v tr li: 1) Nng lng v nhin liu c vai tr nh th no i vi s pht trin ni chung v s pht trin kinh t ni ring ? 2) Vn nng lng v nhin liu ang t ra cho nhn loi hin nay l g ? 3) Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn nng lng v nhin liu nh th no trong hin ti v tng lai ? GV: Cung cp thm thng tin v s gia tng nhu cu nng lng, 1 s kin thc thc t.

Hot ng ca hc sinh
Vn n nng lng v nhin liu I. VN NNG LNG V NHIN LIU HS: N/cu, lin h, tho lun nhm: * Nng lng v nhin liu l yu t quan trng trong vic pht trin kinh t. * Nhn loi ang gii quyt vn thiu nng lng v khan him nhin liu do tiu th qu nhiu. * Ha hc gp phn: - N/cu s dng cc nhin liu t nh hng n MT: dng nhin liu sch (nh hiro, Etanol...) thay th than, du m... - Nng cao hiu qu cc quy trnh ch ha, s dng v tit kim nhin liu. - Ch to vt liu cht lng cao cho ngnh nng lng, to ra ngun nhin liu mi (nng lng ht nhn, nng lng ngt...)

Hot ng 2 Vn vt liu GV: a ra cc cu hi tho II. VN VT LIU lun nh sau: HS: N/cu, tho lun nhm: 1) Vai tr ca vt liu i vi s pht trin kinh t? - Vt liu l c s vt cht ca s sinh tn v pht trin ca loi ngi, l c s quan trng pht trin nn kinh t. 2) Vn ang t ra v vt liu cho cc ngnh kinh - Vn ch to vt liu nhn to mi t l g ? c nhng u th hn (tt , bn, chc, p r l vn lun t ra cho nhn loi. 3) Ha hc gp phn gii quyt vn nh th - Ngnh sn xut ha hc gp phn no ? to ra nhiu loi vt liu nhn to c s dng trong cng nghip v i sng: + Mt s hp kim c tnh cht c bit.

GV: Nhn thng tin.

xt,

+ Vt liu silicat: gch chu la, khng b axit n mn , xi mng mc cao , thy tinh pha l, gm s cch in . + Cc vt liu dng cho ngnh sn xut ha hc: ha cht c bn HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, NH3 lm nguyn liu sn xut phn bn, thuc tr su + Cc vt liu dng cho nhiu ngnh cng nghip khc : nha, cht do, PVC, PE, cao su tng hp, t, si tng hp . + Vt liu mi : vt liu nano, compozit... Hot ng 3 : Cng c

sung

GV: - Nhn mnh li nhng ni dung chnh trong bi. - Hng dn hc sinh lin h thc t v cc ti liu tham kho hiu r hn v vai tr ca ha hc trong pht trin kinh t x hi. - Cho HS c phn t liu: Vi nt v du kh Vit Nam/T188-sgk - T chc cho HS gii quyt bi tp 2, 3, 4/ sgk - T 186

Tit 66: ha hc v vn x hi
I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Bit vai tr ca ha hc trong vic nng cao cht lng cuc sng ca con ngi nh m bo nhu cu v lng thc, thc phm,may mc, bo v sc khe. - Bit tc hi ca cht gy nghin, ma ty i vi sc khe con ngi. 2. Tnh cm thi : - Bit qu trng v s dng tit kim nhng vt phm thit yu ca cuc sng nh lng thc, thc phm, vi si, thuc cha bnh . . . - C thc phng chng v tch cc tham gia phng chng t nn x hi. II. Phng php: - m thoi. III. Chun b: - Mt s tranh nh, bng hnh cc vn : cht lng cuc sng . . . IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gV
Hot ng 1

Hot ng ca hc sinh

Ha hc v vn lng thc thc phm I. Ha hc v v lng thc, thc GV yu cu HS tr li mt s phm cu hi: ? Cht dinh dng c vai tr nh HS: Tho lun, n/cu ti liu, lin h th no vi cuc sng con ng- thc t i? - Lng thc, thc phm, cht dinh dng ? Vai tr ca lng thc, thc c vai tr rt quan trng, c tnh cht phm? quyt nh s tn ti hay dit vong ca loi ngi. ? Vn v lng thc thc phm ang t ra cho nhn - Do s bng n dn s v nhu cu loi hin nay l g? Ti sao? ca con ngi ngy cng cao, vn t ra i vi lng thc, thc phm l: Khng nhng cn tng v s lng m ? Ha hc gp phn gii cn tng v cht lng. quyt nhng vn lin quan n lng thc, thc - Ha hc gp phn lm tng s lphm ntn? ng v cht lng lng thc, thc phm. + Nghin cu, sn xut cc cht ha hc bo v, pht trin -TV: phn bn, thuc tr su, dit c,kch thch sinh trng.... GV: Nhn xt, b sung. + Sx cht bo qun lng thc, tp + Ch bin thc phm nhn to, thc phm theo cng ngh ha hc to ra sn phm c cht lng cao hn. + Vn v sinh an ton thc phm. Hot ng 2 Ha hc v vn may mc II. Ha hc v vn may mc GV: T chc tho lun, hng HS: Tho lun, n/cu ti liu: dn HS tham kho ti liu, lin - Nhu cu may mc l 1 trong nghng h thc t: nhu cu ch yu ca con ngi.

? Vai tr ca vn may + Vn v may mc: mc i vi cuc sng con ng- - Gia tng dn s ton cu gy sc p i? ln cho vic p ng nhu cu may mc. - Kt x hi pht trin nn nhu cu may ? Nhng vn ln ang mc ngy cng a dng. t ra cho may mc hin - Yu cu vi cng nghip ch to vi si nay l g? ngy cng tng cao. + ng gp ca ha hc: - Nng cao cht lng, sn lng t ha ? Ha hc gp phn gii hc, t tng hp... quyt vn may mc cho - Nghin cu, ch to thuc nhum, nhn loi nh th no? cht ph gia lm cho mu sc, tnh nng ca t vi thm rc r, a dng... Hot ng 3 GV: T chc tho lun: ? Ngnh ha hc dc phm c nhng ng gp g cho con ngi? ? K tn cc loi thuc, dc phm c ngun gc t nhin, nhn to m em bit? ? Lin h thc t, ly v d v cht gy nghin, ma ty nguy hi cho sc khe? ? Nhng tc hi do cht gy nghin gy ra cho con ngi? ? Vn hin nay ang t ra i vi vn ma ty l g ? ? Chng ta phi lm g phng chng, ngn chn s xm nhp ca ma ty, cht gy nghin vo hc ng, vo x hi...? Ha hc v vic bo v sc khe con ngi III. Ha hc vi vic bo v SK con ngi HS: Tho lun. lin h: + Ngnh ha dc l ngnh sn xut lin quan an ton sc khe c cng ng. - Dc phm c ngun gc ng, thc vt - Dc phm t hp cht ha hc tng hp + Mt s cht gy nghin, cht ma ty: - Cocain: lm lit dy thn kinh cm gic, c ch thn kinh trung ng. - Amphetanin: kch thch thn kinh, liu cao lm ri lon thn kinh, gy o gic mnh... - Nha cy thuc phin: gy nghin, c ch thn kinh, rt nguy hi cho sc khe. - Cht gy nghin khng phi ma ty: ~ Ru: nh hng tc th hoc lu di, gy o gic, bnh v phi, tim, mch, gan... ~ Nicotin (trong thuc l): cha ti 22 cht gy ung th trong khi, gy nghin. ~ Cafein (trong c ph, cca, l ch): dng qu mc gy mt ng, gy nghin... + Phng chng ma ty: Ton dn tham gia phng nga, u tranh phng chng ma ty, tin ti xa b t nn ny....

Hot ng 4: Cng c Cc bi tp 1,2,3/sgk

Tit 71: ha hc v vn mi trng

I. Mc tiu bi hc: 1. Kin thc: HS bit: - Nhng tc ng ca nghnh sn xut ha hc v cc nghnh sn xut khc n mi trng. - Nhng nguyn nhn gy ra nhim mi trng khng kh, nc, t. - Tc hi ca s nhim mi trng i vi cuc sng ca con ngi. - Nhng vn c bn trong vic chng nhim mi trng. 2. Tnh cm thi : - HS nhn thc c v trch him ca bn thn gp phn bo v mi trng v vn ng ngi thn, cng ng bo v mi trng sng. II. Phng php: - m thoi, tho lun nhm. III. Chun b: - HS cng GV su tm nhng bi bo, tranh nh theo ch nhim mi trng vafbaor v mi trng. IV. T chc hot ng dy v hc:

Hot ng ca gio vin

Hot ng ca hc sinh

Hot ng 1

Hot ng 2

Hot ng 3

Hot ng 4
V. Cng c: VI. Rt kinh nghim: