Su Dien Li PH Dung Dich

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1000B Trn Hng o Tp Quy Nhn Tnh Bnh nh
1
BI TON V PH CA DUNG DCH.
I. S IN LI CA NC PH CA DUNG DCH.
1. S in li ca nc.
Nc l cht in li yu: H
2
O + H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ OH
-
.
Hay vit n gin: H
2
O H
+
+ OH
-
.
Tch s ion ca H
+
v OH
-
trong nc nguyn cht hoc trong dung dch nc khng qu c mt nhit
xc nh l mt hng s v gi l tch s ion ca nc.
K
W
= [H
+
][OH
-
].
20
0
C ta c: K
W
= [H
+
][OH
-
] = 10
-14
.
Mt cch gn ng c th coi tch s ion ca nc l hng s c trong dung dch long ca cc cht khc
nhau.
V mt phn t H
2
O phn li ra mt ion H
+
v mt ion OH
, nn trong nc:
[H
+
] = [OH
] =
14
1, 0.10
= 1,0.10
7
M.
Nc c mi trng trung tnh, nn c th nh ngha:
Mi trng trung tnh l mi trng trong [H
] = [OH
] = 1,0.10
7
M.
T ta c:
* Mi trng axit: [H
+
] > [OH
-
] v [H
+
] > 10
-7
.
* Mi trng baz: [H
+
] < [OH
-
] v [H
+
] < 10
-7
.
* Mi trng trung tnh: [H
+
] = [OH
-
] v [H
+
] = [OH
-
] = 10
-7
.
2. pH ca dung dch.
L ch s o nng c long ca axit hay baz khi nng ca dung dch nh hn 0,1 mol/l.
Cng thc: pH = - lg[H
+
].
Nu: pH = a [H
+
] = 10
-a
.
Thang pH thng dng c gi tr t 1 14.
Ngoi thnh pH ngi ta cn dng thang pOH:
pOH = -lg [OH
]
Nu: [OH
] = 10
-b
pOH = b.
H thc lin lc gia pH v pOH:
pH + pOH = 14.
* Trong mi trng axit: pH < 7.
* Trong mi trng baz: pH > 7.
* Trong mi trng trung tnh: pH = 7.
3. Cch tnh pH ca dung dch:
Phng php chung:
Gm ba bc:
* Bc 1: Xc inh nng mol ca cc cht in li A trong dung dch (Nu <1 th phi tnh s mol cht
in li A thc cht in li ra ion trong 1 lt dung dch).
* Bc 2: Vit phng trnh in li ca A ri da vo h s ca phng trnh v s mol A thc cht in li
ra ion xc nh nng mol/l ca ion H
+
hoc OH
-
.
* Bc 3: Nu l mi trng axit th tnh ngay pH = -lg[H
+
]. Nu l mi trng baz , trc ht tnh pOH =
-lg[OH
-
] sau da vo h thc lin h: pH = 14 pOH.
a. i vi dung dch axit mnh v baz mnh ( = 1).
Trong dung dch, cc axit mnh v baz mnh phn li hon ton thnh cc ion. Cn bng duy nht y l
cn bng ca nc. Do s c mt ca axit mnh hoc baz mnh m nng H
+
hoc OH
-
trong dung dch
s tng ln, v vy cn bng ca nc s chuyn dch sang tri, ngha l phn li ca nc s gim. Nu
nng ca axit v baz ln th c th b qua s phn li ca nc v c th chp nhn nng ca H
+
hoc OH
-
ca axit v baz cho vo l nng chung ca ion ny trong dung dch. Khi :
[H
+
] = 10
-a
pH = - lg[H
+
] = a.
[OH
-
] = 10
-b
pOH = - lg[OH
-
] = b.
pH = 14 pOH.
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2
V d: Trong dung dch HCl c hai qu trnh phn li:
NaOH Na
+
+ OH
-
.
H
2
O

H
+
+ OH
-
.
V d: Tnh s ml dung dch NaOH 10
-3
M cn ly iu ch c 1 lt dung dch NaOH c pH = 8,5.
Gii.
Cc qu trnh xy ra:
NaOH Na
+
+ OH
-
.
H
2
O

H
+
+ OH
-
.
Dung dch c pH = 8,5 [H
+
] = 10
-8.5
[OH
-
] =
14
5,5
8,5
10
10
10
= M [H
+
]
B qua H
+
do s phn li ca H
2
O.
[OH
] = [OH
]
NaOH
= 10
-5,5
M
V.10
-3
= 1.10
-5,5
V =
5,5
2,5
3
10
10
10
= = 3,16.10
-3
l = 3,16 ml.
Trong trng hp khng th b qua qu trnh phn li ca H
2
O, th phi thit lp phng trnh lin h gia
cc ion trong dung dch, da vo phng trnh trung ha v in, t c th tnh nng ca cc ion
trong dung dch.
c. i vi dung dch axit yu ( = 1).
Xt n axit yu : HA H
+
+ A
-
K
a
.
K
a
=
| |
. H A
HA
+
( (

v pK
a
= - lgK
a
.
V HA l mt axit n nn [H
+
] = [A
-
], hn na li l mt axit yu nn C << C
0
[HA] ~ C
0
.
K
a
=
2
0
H
C
+
(

[H
+
]
2
= K
a
.C
0
. Logarit hai v ta c:
pH =
0
1
( lg )
2
a
pK C .
d. i vi baz yu ( = 1).
Xt n baz yu: BOH B
+
+ OH
-
K
b
.
K
b
=
| |
. B OH
BOH
+
( (

v pK
b
= - lg K
b
.
Tng t trng hp axit yu, ta d dng suy ra:
pOH =
0
1
( lg )
2
b
pK C .
pH = 14 -
0
1
( lg )
2
b
pK C .
Ch : i vi cht in li yu: v s 1 n 1 - ~ 1 v K c tnh theo cng thc:
K =
2
.C
0
. hay =
3
BI TON V PH CA DUNG DCH
II. BI TP VN DNG.
Cu 1. a. Dung dch HCl c pH = 5. Tnh nng mol ca HCl.
b. Dung dch NaOH c pH = 13,5. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch NaOH.
c. Tnh pH ca dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,0005M.
d. Tnh pH ca dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,025M ( = 0,8).
e. Tnh pH ca dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,01M ( = 4,25%).
f. Tnh pH ca dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,1 M ( K
a
= 1,8.10
-5
.
Gii.
a. pH = 5 [H
+
] = 10
-5
M.
HCl H
+
+ Cl
-
.
C
HCl
= 10
-5
M.
b. pH = 13,5 pOH = 14 -13,5 = 0,5.
[OH
-
] = 10
-0,5
=
1/ 2
1 1 10
0, 316
10 10 10
= = = M.
NaOH Na
+
+ OH
-
.
C
NaOH
= 0,316.
c. H
2
SO
4
2H
+
+ SO
2
4
.
[H
+
] = 2.[H
2
SO
4
] = 2.0,0005 = 10
-3
M.
pH = - lg [H
+
] = 3.
d.
0
0
. 0,8.0, 025 0, 02
C
C C M
C
= = = = .
Ba(OH)
2
Ba
2+
+ 2OH
-
.
0,02 0,04
[OH
-
] = 0,04M = 4.10
-2
.
pOH = -lg[OH
-
] = - lg[4.10
-2
] = 2 0,6 = 1,4.
pH = 14 1,4 = 12,6.
e. C = .C
0
=
4
4, 25
.0, 01 4, 25.10
100
M
= .
CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+
.
pH = -lg[H
+
] = -lg4,25.10
-4
= 4 0,63 = 3,37.
f. K
a
= 1,8.10
-5
pK
a
= -lg(1,8.10
-5
) = 4,75.
pH =
1
1
(4, 75 lg10 ) 2,88
2

= .
Cu 2. Khi trn 100,0 ml dung dch HCl 1,00M vi 400,0ml dung dch NaOH 0,375M th dung dch thu
c c pH l bao nhiu?
Gii.
Ta c:
n
HCl
= 0,1.1,0 = 0,1 mol.
n
NaOH
= 0,4.0,375 = 0,15 mol.
V = 500 ml = 0,5 ml.
Phng trnh phn ng:
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O.
0,1 0,15.
Sau phn ng baz d:
n
OH

d
= 0,15 0,1 = 0,05 mol.
[OH
-
] =
0, 05
0,1
0, 5
M = [H
+
] =
14
13
10
10
0,1
= pH = 13.
4
Cu 3: Trn ln 50ml dung dch HCl 0,12M vi 50ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M c dung dch Y. Tnh pH
ca dung dch Y.
Cu 4: Trn dung dch HNO
3
0,02M vi dung dch NaOH 0,01M theo t l th tch 1:1 c dung dch Z.
Tnh pH ca dung dch Z.
Cu 5: Trn 200ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,05M vi 300ml dung dch HCl 0,1M ta c dung dch D. Tnh pH
ca dung dch D thu c.
Cu 6. Trn 100 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1 M vi 400 ml dung dch gm H
2
SO
4
0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M thu c dung dch X. Tnh gi tr pH ca dung dch thu c sau cng.
(Trch thi TSHC-khi B- 2007).
Gii.
Theo bi ra ta c:
2
( )
0,1.0,1 0, 01
0, 03
0,1.0,1 0, 01
NaOH
OH
Ba OH
n mol
n mol
n mol

= =
=
`
= =

)
.
2 4
0, 4.0, 0125 0, 005
0, 035
0, 4.0, 0375 0, 015
HCl
H
H SO
n mol
n mol
n mol
+
= =
=
`
= =

)
.
Phng trnh phn ng:
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O.
0,035 0,03
Sau phn ng axit d:
[H
+
] =
0, 035 0, 03
0, 01
0, 5
= M pH = 2.
Cu 7. Trn 100 ml dung dch KOH c pH = 12 vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,012M. pH ca dung dch thu
c sau khi trn l bao nhiu?
Gii.
n
OH

= 0,40.0,375 = 10
-3
mol.
n
H
+
= 0,10.0,012 = 0,0012 mol.
V = 200 mol = 0,2 lt.
Phng trnh phn ng:
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O.
0,0012 0,001
n
H
+
d
= 0,0012 0,001 = 2.10
-4
mol.
[H
+
] =
4
3
2.10
10
0, 2
= M
pH = - lg 10
-3
= 3.
Cu 8: Cho hai dung dch H
2
SO
4
c pH =1 v pH = 2. Thm 100ml dung dch KOH 0,1M vo 100ml mi
dung dch trn. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc dung dch thu c.
(Trch thi TSHC-khi B 2007).
Cu 9: Trn 200ml dung dch HCl 0,1M v H
2
SO
4
0,05M vi 300ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
c nng a
mol/l thu c m gam kt ta v 500ml dung dch c pH = 13. Tnh a v m. Cho bit trong dung dch vi
dung mi l nc, tch s nng ion [H
+
][OH
-
] = 10
-14
.
Cu 10: Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,025M cn cho vo 100ml dung dch gm HNO
3
v HCl c pH
= 1 thu c dung dch c pH = 2.
(Trch thi TSHC Ty Ninh 2003).
Cu 11: Cho m gam hn hp gm Mg v Al vo 250ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl v H
2
SO
4
0,5M thu c 5,32 lt H
2
(ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng thay i). Tnh pH ca dung
dch thu c. (p n pH = 1).
(Trch thi TSHC-khi A 2007).
5
Cu 12: Nung 6,58g Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh , sau mt thi gian thu c 4,96g cht
rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c 300ml dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH l:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4.
Cu 13: Cho dung dch X cha hn hp gm CH
3
COOH 0,1M v CH
3
COONa 0,1M. Bit 25
0
C K
a
ca
CH
3
COOH l 1,75.10
-5
v b qua s phn li ca nc. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X 25
0
C l:
A. 2,88 C. 4,24 C. 1,00 D. 4,76.
(Trch thi TSHC-khi B-2009).
Cu 14: Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03M c 2V ml dung dch Y.
Dung dch Y c pH l:
A. 3 B. 4 C. 1 D. 2.
(Trch thi TSHC-khi A 2008)
Cu 15: Trn 100ml dung dch c pH =1 gm HCl v HNO
3
vi 100ml dung dch NaOH nng gm a
mol/l thu c 200ml dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr ca a l (bit trong mi dung dch [H
+
][OH
-
] = 10
-14
):
A. 0,15 B. 0,30 C. 0,12 D. 0,03.
Cu 16: X l dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,02M, Y l dung dch NaOH 0,035M. c dung dch Z c pH = 2
(cho th tch dung dch Z bng tng th tch ca hai dung dch X v Y) th cn phI pha trn hai dung dch
trn theo t l th tch no?
Cu 17: Cho dung dch A gm CH
3
COOH 0,1M v CH
3
COONa 0,1M. Thm 0,001 mol HCl vo 1 lt dung
dch A. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c? Bit K
a
= 1,75.10
-5
.
Cu 18: Cho dung dch A gm CH
3
COOH 0,1M v CH
3
COONa 0,1M. Thm 0,001 mol NaOH vo 1 lt
dung dch A. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c? Bit K
a
= 1,75.10
-5
.
Cu 19: Tnh pH ca dung dch H
2
S 0,01M v nng ca ion S
2-
trong dung dch.
Bit K
a1
= 10
-7
, K
a2
= 10
-12,92
.
Cu 20: Tnh pH ca dung dch AlCl
3
0,01M, nu coi trong dung dch ch tn ti phc hiroxo AlOH
2+
. K
1
= 10
-5
.
2. Cho dung dch HCOOH 0,2M ( K
a
= 2,1.10
-4
).
a. Tnh in li .
b. Tnh nng mol ca ion H
3
O
+
.
Gii.
a.
4
2
0
2,1.10
3, 24.10
0, 2
a
K
C
= = = hay = 3,24%.
b. HCOOH +H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ HCOO
-
.
[H
+
] =
4 3
0
. 2,1.10 .0, 2 6, 48.10
a
K C

= = .
4. Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 ( dung dch A).
a. Cn pha long dung dch A bao nhieu ln thu c dung dch NaOH c pH = 11.
b. Cho 0,5885 gam mui NH
4
Cl vo 100 ml dung dch A un si dung dch, sau lm ngui v thm mt
t phenolphtalein vo. Hi dung dch sau c mu g?
Gii.
a. Dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 pOH = 3 [OH
-
] = 10
-2
M.
Dung dch NaOH c pH = 11 pOH = 3 [OH
-
] = 10
-3
M.
Theo cng thc pha long ta c:
V
1
.C
1
= V
2
.C
2
V
1
.10
-2
= V
2
.10
-3
V
2
= 10V
1
.
Vy cn phi pha long dung dch 10 ln.
b. Khi cho NH
4
Cl vo dung dch NaOH ri un nng s xy ra phn ng:
NH
4
Cl + NaOH NaCl + NH
3 |
+ H
2
O.
(NH
4
+
+ OH
-
NH
3 |
+ H
2
O)
6
n
NH
4
Cl
=
0, 5885
0, 011
53, 5
= mol.
n
NaOH
=
2
100.10
0, 001
1000
= mol.
Sau phn ng NH
4
Cl cn d = 0,011 0,001 = 0,01 mol.
Ion NH
4
+
ng vai tr nh mt axit, Cl
-
trung tnh nn mi trng ca dung dch l mi trng axit
Phenolphatalein khng mu.
5. Phi ly dung dch HCl (V
1
) c pH = 5 cho vo dung dch KOH (V
2
) c pH = 9 theo t l th tch nh th
no c dung dch c pH = 8?
Gii.
Dung dch HCl c pH = 5 [H
+
] = 10
-5
Mn
H
+
= 10
-5
.V
1
mol.
Dung dch KOH c pH = 9 pOH = 5 [OH
-
] = 10
-5
M n
OH

= 10
-5
.V
2
mol.
Phng trnh phn ng trung ho:
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O.
10
-5
.V
1
10
-5
.V
2
Sau khi trn c pH = 8 mi trng baz pOH = 6 [OH
-
] = 10
-6
.
Ta c:
n
OH

d
= 10
-5
.V
2
- 10
-5
.V
1
= 10
-6
( V
1
+ V
2
).
Gii ra ta c:
V
1
: V
2
= 9:11.
Vy cn phi 9 th tch dung dch HCl v 11 th tch dung dch KOH.
6.a. Phi ly bao nhiu gam H
2
SO
4
thm vo 2 lt dung dch axit mnh ( pH = 2) thu c dung dch c
pH = 1.
b. Phi ly dung dch axit ( pH = 5) v dung dch baz ( pH = 9) theo t l th tch no c dung dch c
pH = 8.
Gii.
a. Dung dch I : pH = 2 [H
+
] = 10
-2
M
Trong 2 lt dung dch I c: n
H
+
= 2.10
-2
= 0,02 mol.
Dung dch II: pH = 1 [H
+
] = 10
-1
M
Trong 2 lt dung dch II c: n
H
+
= 2.10
-1
= 0,2 mol.
S mol H
+
cn thm vo l: 0,2 0,02 = 0,08 mol.
n
H
2
SO
4
=
1
2
n
H
+
= 0,09 mol.
Khi lng H
2
SO
4
cn thm vo l:
m
H
2
SO
4
= 0,09.98 = 8,82 gam.
b. Dung dch axit c pH = 5 [H
+
] = 10
-5
M.
Dung dch baz c pH = 9 pOH = 5 [OH
-
] = 10
-5
M.
Gi V
1
v V
2
l th tch ca dung dch axit v baz cn ly:
n
H
+
= 10
-5
V
1
v n
OH

= 10
-5
V
2
.
Khi trn dung dch I v II thu c dung dch c pH = 8 ( mi trng baz) nn sau phn ng baz d, axit
ht.
Ta c:
pH = 8 pOH = 6 [OH
-
] = 10
-6
M.
Phn ng xy ra khi trn hai dung dch:
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O.
Trc phn ng: 10
-5
V
1
10
-5
V
2
Phn ng: 10
-5
V
1
10
-5
V
1
Sau phn ng: 0 10
-5
( V
2
V
1
).
V sau khi trn nng OH
-
cn 10
-6
M. Ta c: n
OH

sau
= 10
-6
(V
1
+ V
2
).
Vy ta c: 10
-5
(V
2
V
1
) = 10
-6
(V
1
+ V
2
).
V
1
: V
2
= 9:11.
8. Dung dch Ba(OH)
2
c pH = 13 ( dung dch A) v dung dch HCl c pH = 1 ( dung dch B).
a. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch A v B.
7
b. Trn 2,75 lt dung dch A vi 2,25 lt dung dch B thu c 5 lt dung dch C.
Xc nh nng mol cc cht trong dung dch C v tnh pH ca dung dch ny?
Gii.
a. Tnh nng dung A v dung dch B:
Dung dch Ba(OH)
2
c pH = 13 pOH = 1 [OH
-
] = 10
-1
= 0,1M
C
M [Ba(OH)
2
]
=
1
2
[H
+
] = 0,05M.
+
] = 10
-1
= 0,1M C
M (HCl)
= 0,1M.
b. S mol ca Ba(OH)
2
: n
Ba(OH)
2
= 0,05.2,75 = 0,1375 mol.
S mol ca HCl: n
HCl
= 0,1.2,25 = 0,225 mol.
Phng trnh phn ng:
Ba(OH)
2
+ 2HCl BaCl
2
+ 2H
2
O
0,1375 0,225
Sau phn ng Ba(OH)
2
d:
n
Ba(OH)
2
= 0,1375 -
0, 225
2
= 0,025 mol.
S mol ca BaCl
2
: n
BaCl
2
=
0, 225
0,1125
2
= mol.
Th tch dung dch sau phn ng: V = 5 lt.
Nng cc cht sau phn ng:
C
M [Ba(OH)
2
]
=
0, 025
0, 005
5
M =
C
M (BaCl
2
)
=
0,1125
0, 0205
5
M =
pH ca dung dch:
Ba(OH)
2
Ba
2+
+ 2OH
-
.
0,005 0,01 .
pOH = -lg[OH
-
] = -lg10
-2
= 2 pH = 12.
9. Thm t t 400 g dung dch H
2
SO
4
49% vo H
2
O v iu chnh thu c ng 2 lt ml dung dch A. Tnh th
tch dung dch NaOH 1,8 M cn thm vo 0,5 lt dung dch A c dung dich c pH = 1?
Gii.
S mol ca H
2
SO
4
:
n
H
2
SO
4
=
400.49
2
100.98
= mol.
n
H
+
= 2. n
H
2
SO
4
= 4 mol [H
+
] =
4
2
= 2M.
S mol ca H
+
trong 0,5 lt dung dch A l:
n
H
+
(0,5)
= 2.0,5 = 1 mol.
Gi th tch ca dung dch NaOH l V( l) n
NaOH
= 1,8V.
Phng trnh phn ng:
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O.
1 1,8V.
Sau phn ng pH = 1 axit d [H
+
]
d
= 0,1M.
Nng H
+
d sau phn ng l:
[H
+
]
d
=
1 1,8
0, 5
V
V
+
= 0,1 V = 0,5 lt.
10. Dung dch HCl c pH = 3. Cn pha long dung dch axit ny bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch HCl
c pH = 4.
Gii.
+
] = 10
-3
M.
+
] = 10
-4
M.
8
Theo cng thc pha long dung dch ta c:
V
1
C
1
= V
2
C
2
V
1
.10
-3
= V
2
.10
-4
V
2
= 10V
1
.
Vy cn pha long dung dch HCl ban u 10 ln. Ngha l cn trn 1 th tch dung dch HCl (pH = 3) vi 9
th tch H
2
O nguyn cht.
11: Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau:
a. 100ml dung dch X c ha tan 2,24ml kh HCl (ktc).
b. Dung dch HNO
3
0,02M.
c. Dung dch KOH 0,01M.
d. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,0005M.
e. Dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,025M ( = 0,8).
g. Trn ln 50ml dung dch HCl 0,12M vi 50ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M c dung dch Y.
h. Trn dung dch HNO
3
0,02M vi dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi t l th tch 1:1 c dung dch Z.
i. 1 lt dung dch A c cha 0,0365g HCl c = 0,9.
BI TP T GII
Cu 8: Cho hai dung dch H
2
SO
4
c pH =1 v pH = 2. Thm 100ml dung dch KOH 0,1M vo 100ml mi
dung dch trn. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc dung dch thu c.
Cu 9: Trn 200ml dung dch HCl 0,1M v H
2
SO
4
0,05M vi 300ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
c nng a
mol/l thu c m gam kt ta v 500ml dung dch c pH = 13. Tnh a v m. Cho bit trong dung dch vi
dung mi l nc, tch s nng ion [H
+
][OH
-
] = 10
-14
.
Cu 10: Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)
2
3
v HCl c pH
= 1 thu c dung dch c pH = 2.
(Trch thi TSHC Ty Ninh 2003).
Cu 11: Cho m gam hn hp gm Mg v Al vo 250ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl v H
2
SO
4
0,5M thu c 5,32 lt H
2
(ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng thay i). Tnh pH ca dung
dch thu c. (p n pH = 1).
Cu 12: Nung 6,58g Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh , sau mt thi gian thu c 4,96g
cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc c 300ml dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c pH
l:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4.
Cu 13:Trn 200ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,05M vi 300ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c dung dch D.
a. Tnh nng mol/l ca H
2
SO
4
, HCl v ion H
+
trong dung dch D.
b. Tnh pH ca dung dch D.
c. Ly 150ml dung dch D trung ho bi 50ml dung dch KOH. Tnh nng ca dung dch KOH cn dng.
H Y Thi Bnh 1999
a. : Tnh pH ca dung dch sau 25
0
C:
Dung dch NaCl 0,1M ; dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,005M ; dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,05M
b. Tnh pH ca dung dch NaOH, bit 1 lt dung dch c cha 4 gam NaOH
c. Ho tan 0,56 lt kh HCl (ktc) vo H
2
O thu c 250 ml dung dch. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c?
Bi 1: H Thng Mi 2001
ho tan m gam Ba vo nc thu c 1,5 lt dung dch X c pH = 13. Tnh m ?
Bi 2: Cho 1,44 gam Mg vo 5 lt dung dch axit HCl c pH =2
a. Mg c tan ht trong dung dch axit hay khng ?
b. Tnh tht tch kh H
2
bay ra (ktc)?
c. tnh nng mol/ lt ca dung dch sau phn ng (coi Vdd khng i)?
Bi 3:
9
a. (C Cng ng Tin Giang 2005). Trn 1 lt dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,15M vi 2 lt dung dch KOH
0,165M thu c dung dch E. Tnh pH ca dung dch E?
b.Trn 50 ml dung dch HCl 0,12M vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M.
Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c ?
Bi 4:
Cho dung dch A gm HCl v H
2
SO
4
. Trung ho 2 lt dd A cn 400ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M . C cn
dung dch to thnh th thu c 12,95 gam mui khan.
a. Tnh nng mol/lt ca cc axit trong dung dch A?
b. Tnh pH ca dung dch A?
Bi 5: H Y H Ni 1999:
in li ca axit axetic (CH
3
COOH ) trong dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,1M l 1%. Tnh pH ca dung dch
axit ny
Bi 6: thi H khi B 2002
Cho hai dung dch H
2
SO
4
c pH = 1 v pH = 2. thm 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M vo 100 ml mi dung
dch trn. Tnh nng mol / lt ca dung dch thu c?
Bi 7 : H Y Dc TP HCM 2000
Tnh in li ca axit focmic HCOOH. Nu dung dch HCOOH 0,46% (d = 1g/ml) ca axit c pH =
3
Bi 8: H S Phm H Ni 1 2000
Tnh in li ca axit focmic HCOOH trong dung dch HCOOH 0,007M c pH = 3
Bi 9: Cho dung dch CH
3
COOH c pH = 4, bit in li = 1%. Xc nh nng mol /lt ca dung
dch axit ny
Bi 10:
a. ( 19, H Dc 1997, C Lng Thc- Thc Phm 2004) Cho dung dch HCl c pH = 3. Cn
pha long dung dch axit ny (bng nc) bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch HCl c pH = 4.
b. ( H S Phm TP HCM 2000) Cho dung dch HCl c pH = 4. Hi phi thm mt lng nc gp bao
nhiu ln th tch dung dch ban u thu c dung dch HCl c pH = 5.
Bi 11: 8, H Dc 1998,
Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 (dung dch A). Cn pha long bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch
NaOH c pH = 11.
Bi 12: H Kinh T Quc Dn 1999.
Pha long 10 ml dung dch HCl vi nc thnh 250 ml dung dch. Dung dch thu c c pH = 3. hy
tnh nng ca HCl trc khi pha long v pH ca dung dch .
Bi 13: H Thng Mi 2000.
Pha long 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
vi 1,3 lt H
2
O thu c dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh nng mol/l
ca dung dch Ba(OH)
2
ban u, bit rng Ba(OH)
2
phn li hon ton
Bi 14: H Thu li 1997.
Dung dch Ba(OH)
2
c pH = 13 (dd A), dung dch HCl c pH = 1 (dd B).
em trn 2,75 lt dung dch A vi 2,25 lt dung dch B
a. xc nh nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch to thnh?
b. tnh pH ca dung dch ny
Bi 15: H Quc Gia H Ni 2000
a. (Ban B). Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08 M v H
2
SO
4
0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH

amol/lt thu c 500ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh a
b. (CPB). Trn 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,05 M vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
amol/lt thu c 500ml dung
dch c pH = 12
Tnh a
c. (Ban A, thi H khi B 2003). Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08 M v H
2
SO
4
0,01M
vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
amol/lt thu c m gam kt ta v 500ml dung dch c pH = 12
Tnh m v a
Bi 16: Hc Vin Qun Y 2001
A l dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,5M. B l dung dch NaOH 0,6M. Cn trn V
A
v V
B
theo t l no c
dung dch c pH = 1 v dung dch c pH = 13 (gi thit cc cht phn ly hon ton ).
Bi 17: H S Phm H Ni I 2001
Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)
2
3
v HCl c pH = 1
pH ca dung dch thu c bng 2.
10
Bi 18: H kinh t TP HCM 2001
Trn 3 dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M; HNO
3
0,2 M; HCl 0,3M vi nhng th tich bng nhau c dung
dch A. Ly 300 ml dung dch A cho tc dng vi mt dung dch B gm NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,29M.
Tnh th tch dung dch B cn dng sau khi tc dng vi 300ml dung dch A c dung dch c pH
= 2.
Bi 19: C 2004
Ho tan m gam BaO vo nc c 200ml dung dch A c pH = 13. Tnh m (gam).
Bi 20 ; C SP Qung Ninh 2005
Cho m gam Ba vo 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,04M th c mt dung dch c
pH = 13 . tnh m ( Coi th tch dung dch khng i )
Bi 21: thi H Khi A 2006
Nung 6,58 gam Cu(NO
3
)
2
trong bnh kn, sau mt thi gian thu c 4,96 gam cht rn v hn hp
kh X. Hp th hon ton hn hp X vo nc, c 300 ml dung dch Y. vit phng trnh phn ng
xy ra v tnh pH ca dung dch Y.
Bi 22: thi H khi A 2004
Cho 40 ml dung dch HCl 0,75M vo 160 ml dung dch cha ng thi Ba(OH)
2
0,08M v KOH
0,04M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Cho [H
+
]. [OH
-
] = 10
-14
.
Bi 23: C SP H Ni 2005
Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 13 (dung dch A).
a. Cn pha long dung dch A bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch B c pH = 12?
b. Cho 2,14 gam NH
4
Cl vo mt cc cha300 ml dung dch B. un si sau ngui ri thm mt t
qu tm vo cc. Qu tm c mu g? ti sao?
Bi 24: thi H khi B 2008
Trn 100 ml dung dch c pH = 1 gm HCl v HNO3 vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH nng a
(mol/l) thu c 200 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Gi tr ca a l (bit trong mi dung dch [H
+
][OH
-
] = 10-14)
A. 0,15. B. 0,30. C. 0,03. D. 0,12.

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