Chuong 2. Ham Va Bieu Thuc Trong Excel

Chng 2.
HM V C S D LIU
TRONG EXCEL
Giang vin: L Thi Minh Nguyn
Email: nguyenltm@hotmail.com
Ni dung
Cc ton t trong Excel

Cc hm trong Excel
C s d liu trong Excel
thi
Bng tng hp a chiu
19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel
1. CC TON T TRONG EXCEL
2. HM
Ham lun ly
Ham s hoc
Ham thng k
Ham iu kin
Ham chui
Ham thi gian
Ham do tim
2.1 Hm lun l
AND (i 1, i 2,, i n): php V, l hm logic, ch ng khi

tt c cc i s c gi tr ng.
Cc i s l cc hng, biu thc logic.
VD: = AND (B3>=23,B3<25)
OR (i 1, i 2, , i n): php HOC, l hm logic, ch sai khi

tt c cc i s c gi tr sai.
VD: = OR (D3>=25,D3<23)
NOT (logic): phu nh
2.2. Hm s hc
Hm ly gi tr tuyt i
ABS(N)
N l s / biu thc s
V d: =ABS(-25)
kt qu 25
=ABS(5-149) kt qu 144
Hm ly cn
SQRT(N)
N l s / biu thc s (N>0)
V d: SQRT(25)
kt qu 5
2.2. Hm s hc
Hm ly phn nguyn
INT(N)
N l s / biu thc s
V d: =INT(236.26)
kt qu 236
Hm ly phn d php chia nguyn N cho M
MOD(N, M)
V d: MOD(10,3)
kt qu 1
Hm ly gi tr PI (3.141593) PI()
Hm m
POWER(x , y)
Tr v x m y
V d: =power(4 , 2) kt qu 16
2.2. Hm s hc
Hm lm trn ln
ROUND(biu thc s, N)
N>0: lm trn bn phi ct thp phn
N<0: lm trn bn tri ct thp phn
N=0: lm trn, khng ly s l
V d:
=ROUND(35123.376, 2)
=ROUND(35123.376, -3)
=ROUND(35123.376, 0)
kt qu 35123.38
kt qu 35000
kt qu 35123
2.3. Hm thng k
SUM (i 1, i 2, , i n):
cho tng ca cc i s
Cc i s l cc hng, a ch
, min.
AVERAGE (i 1, i 2, , i n):
cho gi tr TBC c cc s
2.3. Hm thng k
MAX (i 1, i 2, , i n): cho gi tr ln nht.
MIN (i 1, i 2, , i n): cho gi tr nh nht.
19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel 10
2.3. Hm thng k
COUNT(i1, i2,): m s lng cc c

cha s v cc s trong cc i s.
Cc i s l cc s, ngy thng, a ch , a ch
min.
V d 1
V d 2
2.3. Hm thng k
COUNTA(value1; value2; .)
m s lng cc cha d liu trong
danh sch
2.3. Hm thng k
Hm tnh tch cc s trong danh sch:

PRODUCT (danh sch cc s hoc vng)
2.3. Hm thng k
RANK(number , ref , order)
Tr v th hng ca s number trong mt danh sch
cc i s ref
Number: l s mun tm hng ca n

Ref: l mt dy hay mt tham chiu n mt danh sch
cc i s
Order: l s ch nh cch nh hng:
Nu order = 0 hoc khng ghi th s ln c xp hng trc

Nu order khc 0 th s nh c xp hng trc
2.3. Hm thng k
Khi th th xp bng 1
Khi th th xp bng 0
2.3. Hm thng k
Hm tnh tng ca cc tch

SUMPRODUCT (array1; [array2]; )
= 3*2 + 4*7 + 8*6 + 6*7 + 1*5 + 9*3.

2.4. CC HM IU KIN
IF (bt logic, tr ng, tr sai):
Hin th tr ng nu BT logic c g/t True

Hin th tr sai nu BT logic c g/t False
VD: =IF(A3>=5,,Trt)
- Hm IF c th vit lng nhau.
VD: = IF(C6<=300,1,IF(C6>400,3,2))
- Ham trn cho kt qu ca php th sau:
1 nu [d liu trong C6] 300
2 nu 300 < [d liu trong C6] 400

3 nu [d liu trong C6] > 400
2.4. CC HM IU KIN
SUMIF (min_/k, /k, min_tng): hm tnh

tng c iu kin
Gi s min B2:B5 cha cc g/t tin nhp 4 mt hng
tng ng 100, 200, 300, 400. Min C2:C5 cha tin li
tng
ng
7,
14,
21,
28
th
hm
SUMIF(B2:B5,>160,C2:C5) cho kt qu bng 63
(=14+21+28)
2.4. CC HM IU KIN
COUNTIF(min_m, iu_kin): m s lng

cc trong min m tho mn iu kin.
V d 1
V d 2
2.5. Hm chui
LEFT(Chui k t, n): Cho n k t bn tri ca chui.
RIGHT(Chui k t, n): Cho n k t bn phi ca

chui.
VD: =LEFT(Gia Lm H Ni,7)

cho kt qu l chui Gia Lm
VD: =RIGHT(Gia Lm H Ni,6)

cho kt qu l chui Ha Ni
MID(Chui k t, m, n): Cho n k t tnh t k t th

m ca chui.
VD: =MID(Gia LmH Ni,9,2)

cho kt qu l chui Ha
2.5. Hm chui
Hm tnh chiu di ca chui

LEN (chui)
Tr l chiu di trong chui, tc l s k t c
trong chui
V d: =LEN (Microsoft Excel)
kq: 15
Hm i chui thng
LOWER (chui)
V d:
=LOWER(KIN N C) kq: kin n c
2.5. Hm chui
Hm i chui hoa
UPPER (chui)
V d:
=UPPER(kin n c)
kq: KIN N C
Hm i cc k t u ca word thnh hoa
PROPER (chui)
V d:
=PROPER(kin n c) kq: Kin n C
2.5. Hm chui
Hm xo khong trng tha trong chui

TRIM (chui)
V d:
=TRIM ( Xin Cho )
kq: Xin cho
Hm i chui s thnh tr s
VALUE (chui s)
V d: =VALUE (123)
kq: 123
2.6. Hm kiu ngy
WEEKDAY(chui ngy)
Tr v gi tr Th trong tun (t 1 n 7:
ch nht n th hai)
V d: =WEEKDAY(2/09/2001) kq:1
TODAY ()
Tr v ngy hin ti ca h thng my tnh
V d: =TODAY()
kq: 10/05/2007
2.6. Hm kiu ngy
YEAR (chui ngy)

Tr v s nm tng ng (1900 n 2078)
V d: =YEAR(24/12/2004)
kq: 2004
DAYS360(ngy bt u;ngy kt thc)

Tr v tng s ngy t ngy bt u n ngy
kt thc
2.7. Hm d tm
VLOOKUP (tr_tra_cu, bng_tra_cu, ct_ly_d_liu,

[True/False]): tra cu g/t vi cc g/t trong ct u tin ca
bng v hin th d liu tng ng trong bng tra cu nm trn
ct i s 3.
VD: = VLOOKUP(E3, $E$12:$F$16, 2, True)
- Nu g/t tra cu nh hn g/t nh nht trong ct u tin ca
bng th tr v li #N/A.
- Nu i s th 4 bng True (hoc 1):
+ Cc g/t trong ct u tin ca bng phi c sp xp tng
dn.
+ Nu g/t tra cu khng c trong ct u tin ca bng th hm
s tra cu g/t trong bng g/t tra cu.
2.7. Hm d tm
2.7. Hm d tm
HLOOKUP(g/t, bng_g/t, hng_ly_d.liu, [1/0]): hm

tra cu theo hng, tng t hm VLOOKUP
ISNA(value): Tra ve gia tr TRUE neu gap loi #N/A,
ngc lai tra ve FALSE.
2.7. Hm d tm
Match(lookup_value, lookup_ref, type)

lookup_value: gi tr cn tim, gi tr nay c th la: chui, s ca
mt cha d liu la s hay chui
lookup_ref: phm vi vng d liu (ch mt dong hay ct)
type: cc kiu so snh
1:
-1:
Tim gi tr ln nht nh hn hay bng lookup_value

Lookup_ref: phi c sp theo th t tng dn
Nu tt c trong lookup_ref u nh hn lookup_value thi ham tr v #NA
Tim gi tr nh nht ln hn hay bng lookup_value
Lookup_ref: phi c sp theo th t gim dn
Nu tt c trong lookup_ref u nh hn lookup_value thi ham tr v #NA
0: do tim chnh xc ng, nu khng tr v #N/A
2.7. Hm d tm
10
2.7. Hm d tm
INDEX(array,row_num,column_num): Tra ve gia tr cua o

tai dong va cot trong mot day o
Pear
3. C s d liu ca Excel
Khi nim
Sp xp
Tim kim
Subtotal
3.1. Khi nim
CSDL gm cc trng (field) v bn ghi (record).

Trng l mt ct CSDL, mi trng biu th mt
thuc tnh ca i tng v c kiu d liu nht
nh.
Bn ghi l mt hng d liu.
Dng u ca min CSDL cha cc tn trng,
cc dng tip sau l cc bn ghi
11
3.2. Sp xp
Khi xp th t 1 danh sch (CSDL), phi chn tt c

cc ct trnh s mt chnh xc d liu.
DS khng c tn trng thi tn ct s thay th.
Trng quy nh cch xp th t goi l kho. C th

nh ti a 3 kho. Cc bn ghi cng g/t kho th
nht c xp th t theo kho th 2; cng g/t kho
th 2 c xp th t theo kho th 3.
Cch lm: Chon min. Chon Menu Data/Sort
Chon kho
th nht
Sp xp
tng dn
[Chon kho
th hai]
Sp xp
gim dn
[Chon kho
th ba]
Ko c dng
tn trng
(sp xp c
dong u)
Dong u la
tn trng
(ko sp xp)
Xp t trn
xung di
Xp t tri
sang phi
3.3. Tm kim
Mc ch: Ly ra nhng bn ghi (thng tin) tho

mn iu kin nht nh.
C th loc theo 2 cch:
AutoFilter: Excel h tr iu kin loc

Advanced Filter: ngi s dng t nh iu
kin loc.
12
AutoFilter
Chon min CSDL gm c dong tn trng

Menu Data/Filter/AutoFilter, tn trng c u
mi tn th xung ca hp danh sch
Kch chut vo , c danh sch th xung:
All: hin li moi bn ghi

Top 10: cc gi tr ln nht
Custom: t nh iu kin loc
Cc gi tr ca ct
AutoFilter (tt)
Nu chon Custom s hin hp thoi Custom AutoFilter

ngi s dng t nh iu kin loc:
VD: Loc nhng bn
ghi tho mn s
lng SP bn ra trong
thng 1 nm trong
khong (120,400]
Advanced Filter
B1: nh min iu kin:
Dng u ghi tn trng nh iu kin, ch

phi ging ht tn trng ca min CSDL, tt
nht l copy t tn trng CSDL.
Cc dng tip di ghi iu kin: cc iu kin
cng dng l php AND, cc iu kin khc
dng l php OR.
VD vi min CSDL nh trn:
13
Min /k loc cc bn
ghi c s SP bn ra trong
thng 1 =400
Min /k loc cc bn
thng 1 >150
Min /k loc cc bn
thng 1 150<SSP500
Min /k loc cc bn
thng 1 >150 hoc trong
thng 2 200
Advanced Filter (tip)

B2: Thc hin loc
Vo menu Data/Filter/Advanced Filter

Hin KQ loc ngay
ti min d liu
Hin KQ loc ra ni khc
Chon min CSDL
Chon min iu kin
Chon min hin KQ
Ch hin 1 bn ghi trong
s nhng KQ trng lp
Cc hm lin quan n csdl

DSUM(Database, Field, Criteria)
DMAX(Database, Field, Criteria)
DMIN(Database, Field, Criteria)
DCOUNT(Database, Field, Criteria)
DCOUNTA(Database, Field, Criteria)
Gn ging hm DCOUNT
DAVERAGE(Database, Field, Criteria)

14
3.4. To cc dng tng (Subtotal)

Subtotal dng
tng hp d liu theo
nhm trong danh
sch
Vng d liu ban u c sp

xp theo th t Phng ban.
3.4. To cc dng tng (Subtotal)

Subtotal Lng xut hin mi
khi c thay i ct Phong
ban. Ch y s xut hin cc
du mc bn tri bng tnh
phn cp tng subtotal. C
th click cc nt phn cp nay
thu gon hoc bung ra tng
cp subtotal
Nn COPY d liu qua mt

vng khc trc khi lm
subtotal.
4. th
Mc tiu
Chon ng kiu th
To th
Thay i th
15
4.1. Muc tiu

th gip trinh bay quan im ca bn mt cch
nhanh chng. Vi th bn chuyn d liu trong
bng tnh thanh hinh nh, va cho php bn so snh
va thy hng tng trng ch trong chp mt.
4.2. Chn ng kiu th

Tin xe
70000
60000
50000
40000
Tin xe
30000
20000
10000
0
0
2n xe
Ti
70000
60000
50000
40000
T i n xe
30000
20000
Tin xe
10000
0
L t
Nha
V ng t u P h Qu c
Mi th u cha ng ngha
bn trong ca n l thng
ip m ngi to th mun gi
n ngi xem. V th c im
nh gi chnh yu l thng ip
phi truyn i hiu qu nht.
Cc kiu th khc nhau c th
truyn i cc thng ip khc
nhau ca cng 1 i tng d liu.
Hu
T r ang
Lt
Nha Trang
Vng t u
Ph Quc
Hu
4.2. Chn ng kiu th
th ct (column)
th ct la la chon mc nh ca wizard. th ct thch hp
so snh trc tip cc gi tr vi nhau.
Diem chuan theo khu vuc
20
IM
CHUN
K.VC1
15
im
10
IM
CHUN
K.VC2
5
0
MY TNH
IN T
XY DNG
HA
ngnh
16
4.2. Chn ng kiu th
Pie chart so snh tng phn t ca 1 tng th

th bnh so snh cc phn t trong 1 tng th vi nhau
lam r mc ng gp ca tng phn t. y la th ly
tng biu din c cu, t trong ca 1 i tng
Thng hng
Thng hng,
80,000
Thng hng,
100,000
TEA
COFFEE
CACAO
Thng hng,
120,000
4.2. Chn ng kiu
Line so snh cc gi
tr qua thi gian
th ng (Line)
ph hp biu din xu
hng bin ng theo
thi gian nh sn
lng, doanh thu, va li
nhun. S dng th
Line khi trc honh l
thi gian.
4.2. Chn ng kiu th
XY Scatter mi
quan h 2 i lng
XY Scatter ph
hp th hin mi
quan h gia cc gi
tr d liu khoa hoc
hay thng k.
Th hin 2 thang o
trong 1 th qua 2
trc X va Y
17
4.3. To th
Chon min d liu v th, ch chn c 1 tiu

hng v 1 tiu ct i vi cc th kiu Column,
Line v Pie.
Bm nt Chart Wizard
trn Toolbar hoc vo menu
Insert/Chart Hp thoi Chart Wizard hin ra gip
to th qua 4 bc:
1. nh kiu th
2. nh d liu
3. Cc la chon: tiu , cc trc, ch gii
4. Chon ni hin th
Bc 1: nh kiu th
Chon kiu th c sn:

+ Column: ct doc
+ Line: ng so snh
+ Pie: bnh trn
+ XY: ng tng quan
Chon mt dng ca
kiu chon
Bc 2: nh d liu
Tiu ct
lam ch gii
Min DL v th
Tiu hang
hin ti y
Chon DL v th
theo hang hoc
theo ct
18
Bc 3: Cc la chn - Tab Titles

Tiu th v tiu cc truc
Nhp tiu
th
Nhp tiu
trc X
Nhp tiu
trc Y
Bc 3: Cc la chn - Tab Legend

Ch giai
Hin/n
ch gii
Ch gii
V tr t
ch gii
Bc 3: Cc la chn - Tab Data Labels

Nhn d liu
Khng hin
Hin g/t
Hin phn trm
Hin nhn
Hin nhn va
phn trm
Nhn d liu
19
Bc 4: nh ni t th
th hin trn 1 sheet mi
th hin trn 1sheet tn ti

4.4. Thay i th
Khi th c to, c th:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chuyn th ti v tr mi bng phng thc Drag &

Drop.
Thay i kch thc th bng cch kch chut vo vng
trng ca th xut hin 8 chm en 8 hng, t
chut vo chm en, gi tri chut v di ti kch thc
mong mun ri nh chut.
Thay i cc thuc tnh ca th (tiu , ch gii, )
bng cch nhy chut phi vo vng trng ca th v
chon Chart Options Thao tc tip theo nh bc 3
trn.
Thay i cc thuc tnh ca cc thnh phn th (font
ch, t l cc trc, mu sc nn,) bng cch nhy chut
phi vo thnh phn v chon Format
Thay i thuc tnh truc th

* Thay i t l trn truc
Gi tr nh nht
Gi tr ln nht
Khong cch
cc im chia
Chut phai
trn truc,
chn Format
Axis
20
Thay i thuc tnh truc th

* Thay i v tr hin th d liu
Khi lng ca ln qua cc ngy tui
20
Khi lng (kg)
16
12
8
4
0
S sinh
10
20
30
40
50
60
Ngy
Mng Ci
Yorkshire
i vi th dng Line, nhiu khi th v xong nh trn

nhng vn cha chnh xc v cc mc thi gian khng nm
ng im chia trn trc X, do la chon mc nh ca Excel.
Thay i thuc tnh trc th

* Thay i v tr hin th d liu
Khi lng ca ln qua cc ngy tui
20
Khi lng (kg)
16
12
8
4
0
S sinh
10
20
30
40
50
60
Ngy
Mng Ci
Yorkshire
sa i ch cn b la chon mc nh ca Excel nh hnh

trn l c. Tuy n gin nhng cn nh v hu nh 100%
SV lm bo co TN mc phi li ny m khng bit sa.
5. Bang tng hp a chiu (Pivot table)
Khi nim
To lp pivot table
Tiu ch phn tch
Cc phng php thng k
Cng c Group
63
21
5.1. Khi nim
Pivot Table l 1 cng c ca Excel dng tng hp

va phn tch d liu vi nhiu gc va nhiu
cp khc nhau.
Tng hp:
Doanh thu tng tnh

Doanh thu tng nhm hang
Doanh thu tng i ly
Doanh thu tng nm
phn tch:
Doanh thu tng tnh theo tng mt hang

Doanh thu tng i ly theo tng mt hang
Doanh thu tng nm ca tng tnh
Doanh thu tng i ly theo nm
Doanh thu tng nm theo nhm hang
Chi tit Doanh thu tng nhm hang cho tng i ly, nhm
theo tnh.
22
5.2. To lp Pivot table
Bc 1: Ch nh ngun d liu
- Bi en c s d liu cn to
- Menu Data PivotTable
Bc 2: Ch nh d liu
Bc 3: Ch nh ni t PivotTable
23
Tu chnh cch b tr d liu
Trong hp thoi bc 3, nhn nt Layout
Bc 4: ko va th
Trng tng hp cp cao nht vo Page (Nm)
1 hoc 2 Trng tng hp cp thp hn vo Row (Tinh, i ly)
1 hoc 2 Trng phn tich vo Column(Mt hng)
Trng dliu phn tich vo Data(Doanh thu)
24
5.3. Tiu ch phn tch
Tiu ch phn tch la bt k tiu ch nao c th dng

phn loi d liu: tiu ch loi chi ph, tiu ch
nhm sn phm, tiu ch vng th trng, tiu ch
loi khch hang...
Phn loi d liu cn chnh xc, khng trng lp,
khng m h. Mt dng d liu ch c th nm
trong 1 loi, khng c hn.
Nu g sai chnh t, d du space, thiu du sc,
du huyn; Pivot cng coi nh 1 loi mi va tch
ring ra.
25
5.3. Tiu ch phn tch
HCM d khong
trng nn nhy sang
dong khc
5.4. Cc phng php thng k
Thng k
S hoc sinh mi lp
d thi
im cao nht ca
mi lp
im thp nht ca
mi lp
im trung binh
mi lp
Hy to 1 Pivot table vi cu trc nh sau: Ko th

Lp vao Rows, Tn HS va im vao Data.
Vi trng tn HS la text, nn Excel t gn cng thc

la count: 2 lp c 6 HS va1 lp c5 HS. Trng im
la s(number) nn Excel t gn cng thc Sum.
26
Nhn chut phi vao trng Sum of im, chon

field setting. Chon li la Max thay viSum, sa tn
field thanh im ln nht

Ko th Trng im vao 2 ln na, mt ln la Min va 1 ln la Average ta
s c:
Nu thay vi trng Lp, ta ko trng Mn vao Row, ta s c:
5.5. Cng cu Group
Group trng loi s: Gi s vi d liu Doanh

thu nh trn ta c th Group trng Nm thanh
nhm 2 nm, hoc 3 nm nh sau:
Bm chut phi vao trng Nm trn Pivot Table,
chon Group:
27
Cng cu Group
Group trng loi

ngy thng
Cng cu Group
28
29

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Chng 2.

Cc ton t trong Excel

19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel

1. CC TON T TRONG EXCEL

19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel

AND (i 1, i 2,, i n): php V, l hm logic, ch ng khi

OR (i 1, i 2, , i n): php HOC, l hm logic, ch sai khi

19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel

19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel

19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel

MAX (i 1, i 2, , i n): cho gi tr ln nht.

MIN (i 1, i 2, , i n): cho gi tr nh nht.

19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel 10

COUNT(i1, i2,): m s lng cc c

19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel 11

19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel 12

Hm tnh tch cc s trong danh sch:

19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel 13

Number: l s mun tm hng ca n

Nu order = 0 hoc khng ghi th s ln c xp hng trc

19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel 14

19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel 15

Hm tnh tng ca cc tch

= 3*2 + 4*7 + 8*6 + 6*7 + 1*5 + 9*3.

IF (bt logic, tr ng, tr sai):

Hin th tr ng nu BT logic c g/t True

2 nu 300 < [d liu trong C6] 400

19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel 17

SUMIF (min_/k, /k, min_tng): hm tnh

19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel 18

COUNTIF(min_m, iu_kin): m s lng

19/08/2012 - MaMH: 701005 - Chng 1. Hm v CSDL trong Excel 19

LEFT(Chui k t, n): Cho n k t bn tri ca chui.

RIGHT(Chui k t, n): Cho n k t bn phi ca

VD: =LEFT(Gia Lm H Ni,7)

VD: =RIGHT(Gia Lm H Ni,6)

MID(Chui k t, m, n): Cho n k t tnh t k t th

VD: =MID(Gia LmH Ni,9,2)

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Hm tnh chiu di ca chui

Hm xo khong trng tha trong chui

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2.6. Hm kiu ngy

2.6. Hm kiu ngy

YEAR (chui ngy)

DAYS360(ngy bt u;ngy kt thc)

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VLOOKUP (tr_tra_cu, bng_tra_cu, ct_ly_d_liu,

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HLOOKUP(g/t, bng_g/t, hng_ly_d.liu, [1/0]): hm

ngc lai tra ve FALSE.

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Match(lookup_value, lookup_ref, type)

Tim gi tr ln nht nh hn hay bng lookup_value

0: do tim chnh xc ng, nu khng tr v #N/A

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INDEX(array,row_num,column_num): Tra ve gia tr cua o

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3.1. Khi nim

CSDL gm cc trng (field) v bn ghi (record).

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Khi xp th t 1 danh sch (CSDL), phi chn tt c

= 32 + 47 + 86 + 67 + 15 + 93.