Bai Tp Toan 8

AI
S 8
BI: NHN A THC
Qui tc: Mun nhn hai a thc ta nhn mi s hng ca a thc th nht vi tng s hng ca a thc th hai.
Bi Tp
1) Tnh:
1.1) (5 x2 4x)(x 2)
1.2) (x2 2xy + y2)(x y)
1.3) 3x(4x2 + 2x 5) (2x2 + 3)(x 4)
1.4) (3x + 2)(2x 3)
1.5) (4x 3)(3x + 2)
1.6) 5x(2x2 3x + 2) (3x2 6)(x + 2)
2) Tnh:
2.1) 2x(3x2 2x + 4) (2x2 3)(x + 4)
2.2) (5x 2)(x + 2y) (2x + 3)(x 2y)
2
2
2
2
2.3) 2xy(3x 4xy + y )+(2x + 3y )(x 1)
2.4) 3x(2x2 + 5x 3) (3x2 + 6)(x 2)
2
3) Tm x, bit: 6 x (2x + 5)(3x 2) = 7
4) Chng minh biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo x
4.1) (3x + 4)(2x 3) x(6x 1)
4.2) 8x(x + 2) (2x + 5)(4x 2)
4.3) (3x 5)(2x + 11) (2x + 3)(3x + 7)
5) Cc biu thc sau c ph thuc vo x khng?
5.1) (3x 4)(2x + 3) x(6x + 1)
5.2) (2x + 3)(4x2 6x + 9) 2(4x3 1)
5.3) (2x 5)(4x + 2) 8x(x 2)
6) Chng minh:
6.1) (x2 xy + y2)(x + y) = x3 + y3
6.2) (x2 + xy + y2)(x y) = x3 y3
BI: HNG NG THC NG NH

Bi Tp:
1) Khai trin:
1.1) (x + 2y)2
1.2) (2x + 5)2
1.3) (3x2 + 4y2)2
1.4) (a + b)2
1.5) (a + )2
2
3
2 2
2
2 2
2
1.6) (3x + 4)
1.7) (ax + bx )
1.8) (x y + xy )
1.9) (4x + 3)
1.10) (2x3 + 3y3)2
2) Khai trin:
2.1) (3x y)2
2.2) (5x 2)2
2.3) (3x2 2y2)2
2.4) (5x3 2y3)2
2.5) (a b)2
2.6) (3x2 4y2)2
2.7) (ax3 bx2)2
2.8) (2a2 5x2)2
2.9) (x2y xy2)2
2.10) (4x2 3y2)2
3) Khai trin:
3.1) (x + 2y)(x 2y)
3.2) (5x +2)(5x 2)
3.3) (4x +3)(4x 3)
3.4) (2x + 5)(2x 5)
3.5) (3x + 4)(3x 4)
3.6) (2x + 1)(2x 1)
3.7) (x + y)(x y)
3.8) (x + y)(x y)
4) in vo cc biu thc sau c dng hng ng thc A2 B2 ri tnh
4.1) (2x + 5)(2x )
4.2) (3a 7)( + 7)
4.3) (5 + )(5 4m)
4.4) ( + 1)(1 3x)
5) in vo c hng ng thc ng:
5.1) x2 8x +
5.2) a2 + + 1
5.3) 12x + 9
5.4) 12x + 4
2
5.5) x + 6x +
5.6) a2 + 25
5.7) + 24x + 16
5.8) a2 + 16
5.9) x2 10x +
5.10) a2 + + 9
5.11) 20x + 25
5.12) x2 + 2x +
6) Chng minh:
6.1) (a + b)2 (a b)2 = 4ab
6.2) (a + b)2 + (a b)2 = 2(a2 + b2)
2
6.3) (x + y)(x y) + 2y(x + y) = (x + y)
7) Gii phng trnh:
7.1) x2 (x 3)2 = 3
7.2) x(x + 2) (x + 3)(x 3) = 1
8) Chng minh biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo x
8.1) (2x 3)2 2x(2x 6) + 1
8.2) (x 2)2 (x 3)(x 1)
9) Chng minh ng thc:
= 2 vi mi gi tr ca a
BI: PHN TCH A THC & PHNG PHP T THA S CHUNG
Bi Tp
1) Phn tch cc a thc sau:
1.1) 5x 5y
1.4)17x3y 34x2y2 + 51xy3

1.2) 3xy2 + x2y

1.5) x(y 1) + 3(y 1)

1.3) 12x2y 18xy2 30y3

1.6) 16x2(x y) 10y(y x)

Bai Tp Toan 8

AI
S 8
1.7) 3x2 + 9xy 6y2
1.8) 5a3b 20a2b2 + 15ab3
2) Phn tch cc a thc sau y ra tha s:
2.1) 6ab4 + 12a2b3 9a3b2
2.2) x(2a + 5) 4(2a + 5)
4
2 3
3 2
2.4) 12ab 6a b + 9a b
2.5) x(a + 3b) 5(a + 3b)
2.7) 10ab4 + 20a2b3 + 15a3b2
2.8) x(2a b) + y(2a b)
2.10) x(a + 2b) + 3(a + 2b)
2.11) ab (3x 5) + a2 (5 3x)

1.9) 2x2y + 5xy2 3y3

2.3) a2(3x 2) + ab(2 3x)
2.6) a2(2x 5) + ab(5 2x)
2.9) 14xy4 + 7x2y3 21x3y2
2.12) xy (5a 2) + xz (2 5a)

BI: PHN TCH A THC & PHNG PHP DNG HNG NG THC
Bi Tp
1) Phn tch:
1.1) x2 + 4x + 4 1.2) x2 + 8x + 16
1.3) x2 + 6x + 9
1.4) x2 + 2x + 1
2) Phn tch:
2.1) 4x2 + 20x + 25
2.2) 4x2 + 28x + 49
2.3) 9a2 30ab 25b2
2 2
2
2.5) 9x y + 6xy + 1
2.6) 25x 20x 4
2.7) 49x2 + 28x + 4
3) Phn tch:
3.1)x2 6x + 9
3.2) x2 8x + 16
3.3) x2 10x + 25
3.4)x2 2x + 1
4) Phn tch:
4.1) 4a2 20a + 25
4.2) 4a2 + 28a 49
4.3) 9x2 30xy + 25y2
2 2
2
4.5) 9a b 6ab + 1
4.6) 25a 20a + 4
4.7) 49a2 28a + 4
5) Phn tch:
5.1) a2 1
5.2) a2 25
5.3) x2 9
5.4) x2 16
6) Phn tch:
6.1) 4x2 49
6.2) 16b2 9
6.3) 25 9b2
6.4) 4b2 25
6.6) a2 b2
6.7) (x y)2 4
6.8) (x 2)2 9
6.9) 4a2 (a 3)2

1.5) x2 + 10x + 25
2.4) x2 + 12xy + 36y2
2.8) 16a2 8ab b2
3.5) x2 4x + 4
4.4) a2 + 12ab 36b2
4.8) 16x2 + 8xy y2
5.5) a2 4
6.5) 4 9a2
6.10) xm + 2 xm

BI: PHN TCH A THC & PHNG PHP NHM CC HNG T

Bi Tp
1) Phn tch cc a thc sau
1.1) x(x y) + x y
1.2) 2x + 2y x(x + y)
1.3) 5x2 5xy 10x + 10y 1.4) 4x2 + 8xy 3x 6y
3
2
2
1.5) 6x + 8x 9x 12
1.6) 12a 6a 10ab + 5b 1.7) 3x2 + 6x 2xy 4y
1.8) x2 + ax 4a 16
2
m+1
m
1.9) 2a 6a 3ab + 9b
1.10) x
+x x1
2) Phn tch:
2.1) 2x2 + 2y2 x2z + z y2z 2
2.2) 6x3 15x2 + 4x 10
2.3) 15a2 20a 6ab + 8b
2.4) 2a2x a2 + 4ax 2a 10x + 5 2.5) 6a2 15a 10ab + 25b
2.6) xm + 1 xm + x 1
3) Phn tch:
3.1) x2y + xy2 x y2
3.2) a2x + a2y 7x 7y
3.3) ax2 + ay bx2 by
3.4) 8xy3 5xyz 24y2 + 15z
3.5) x(x + 1)2 + x(x 5) 5(x + 1)2
4) Phn tch:
4.1) x2 2xy + y2 1
4.2) x2 + 2xy + y2 9
4.3) 4 x2 + 2xy y2
4.4) y2 x2 4x 4
BI: PHN TCH A THC & PHI HP CC PHNG PHP
Bi Tp
1) Phn tch cc a thc sau:
1.1) 3x3 12x2 + 12x
1.2) 5a3 + 20a2 + 20a
1.3) 12x5y + 24x4 y2 + 12x3y3 1.4) x2 y2 + 5x 5y
1.5) 3x2 6xy + 3y2
1.6) x2 9 + xy 3y
1.7) 2x3 + 12x2 + 18x
1.8) 5x3 10x2 + 5x
2
2
2
1.9) x + 2xy + y 16 1.10) 3x 48
1.11) 2x 10 + xy 5y
1.12) 9x2 12x + 4
2) Phn tch:
2.1) 3x(x + y) + x + y
2.2) 5a(a b) a + b
2.3) 27m(m + n) m n
2.4) 15p(p q) 25p + 25q
2
2
2.5) ax ay + bx by
2.6) a ax ba + bx
2.7) 12a 3ab + 8ac 2bc
2.8) x3 + x2y x2z xyz
2.9) ax2 + bx2 bx ax + cx2 cx
2.10) ac2x adx bc2x + cdx + bdx c3x
3) Tnh gi tr biu thc:
A = 5x2z 10xyz + 5y2z
Vi x = 124; y = 24; z = 2
4) Gii phng trnh:
4.1) (2x 3)2 (x + 5)2 = 0
4.2) (x3 x2) 4x2 + 8x 4 = 0

Bai Tp Toan 8

AI
S 8
N CHNG I
Bi Tp
1) Tnh:
1.1) (3x2y 11x2 5y)(8xy 5x + 6)
1.2) (2x2 xy + 3y2)(4x2y 5x2 + 3y3)
2) Biu thc sau c ph thuc vo x khng?
2.1) (x 2)2 (x 3)(x 1)
2.2) (x 1)3 (x + 1)3 + 6(x + 1)(x 1)
3) Gii phng trnh:
3.1) 2x3 50x = 0
3.2) (3x 5)(7 5x) (5x + 2)(2 3x) = 4
3.3) (2x 3)2 (x + 5)2 = 0
3.4) (2x + 1)2 (x 3)2 = 0
4) Phn tch:
4.1) x2 y2 2x + 2y
4.2) 5x2 + 3(x + y)2 5y2
4.3) x2 7xy + 10y2
4.4) x2 + 2xy + y2 9
2
2
2
2
4.5) xy 3x + 2y 6
4.6) 36 4a + 20ab 25b
4.7) x + 2xy + y xz yz 4.8) a2 b2 + a + b
5) Rt gn v tnh:
Vi: x = 3; y =
6) Chng minh:
6.1) x2 + 2xy + y2 + 1 > 0 x, y
6.2) a2 2ab + b2 + 3 > 0 a; b
BI: RT GN PHN THC
Bi Tp
1) Rt gn phn thc
1.1)
1.2)
2) Rt gn cc phn thc
2.1)
2.2)

1.3)

1.4)

1.5)

2.3)

2.4)

BI: PHP CNG PHN THC

Bi Tp
1) Tnh:
1.1) + +
1.4) x + y +
2) Tnh:
2.1) + +
2.4) + +
3) Tnh:
3.1) +
4) Tnh gi tr biu thc:
A= +

1.2) + +
1.5) + +

1.3) x + +
1.6) + +

2.2) + +
2.5) + +

2.3) + +
2.6) + +

3.2) + +
Vi x = 3
BI: PHP TR PHN THC

Bi Tp
1) Tnh:
1.1)
1.2)
1.5)
1.6) +
2) Tnh:
2.1)
3) Cho biu thc:
A= +3
a) Tm tp xc nh ca biu thc A
b) Rt gn A
c) Tnh gi tr ca A khi x = 5
4) Cho biu thc:
A= +5
a) Tm tp xc nh ca biu thc A
b) Rt gn A
c) Tnh gi tr ca A khi x = 4
5) Cho:

1.3)
1.7) 2y +
2.2)

1.4)
1.8) + 3
2.3) +

Bai Tp Toan 8

AI
S 8
A=
B=
a) Tm tp xc nh ca A v B.
b) Rt gn A v B
c) Suy ra:
BI:
Bi Tp
1) Tnh:
1.1) .
1.5) .
2) Tnh:
2.1) :
4) Rt gn biu thc:
4.1)
4.2) :
5) Rt gn:
6) Thc hin php tnh:
6.1) : :

1.2) :

NHN CHIA PHN THC

1.3) .

1.6) :
2.2) .

1.4) :
1.7) .

2.3) :

2.4) :

6.2) : :
N CHNG II

Bi Tp
1) Tnh:
1.1) :
1.2) (xy + y2 y) :
2) Rt gn:
2.1) + (x 3)
2.2) .
2.3)
3) Tm tp xc nh v rt gn biu thc
3.1) A = +
3.2) B = +
4) Chng minh:
4.1) :=
4.2) : =
5) Chng minh biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo x
:
6) Tm tp xc nh ri gii phng trnh:
=0
7) Cho biu thc:
A= +
a) Tm tp xc nh ca A
b) Tnh A
8) Cho biu thc:
M= +
a) Tm tp xc nh ca M
b) Tnh M khi x = 3
9) Phn tch:
9.1) 4x2 12x + 9
9.2) x2 + 8xy + 16y2
9.3) 9x2 4
9.4) 9x2 4y2
2
2
2
3
9.5) x 6xy + 9y
9.6) 4x + 20x + 25
9.7) x + 8
9.8) x3 1
10) Phn tch:
10.1) 5x2 + 10xy 15 y2
10.2) 6x3 9x2y 3xy2
10.3) 2x3y2 3x2y3 + 5xy4
11) Phn tch:
11.1) xy 2x 3y + 6
11.2) x2 4x + 2xy 8y
11.3) 3xy + 6x y2 2y
11.4) x2y x3 9y + 9x
2
2
3
2
3
2
11.5) xz yz x + 2xy y
11.6) x + 9x 4x 36
11.7) 2x + x 2x 1
11.8) x4 + 3x3 + x + 3
12) Gii phng trnh:
12.1) + = 4
12.2) = 1
13) Tnh gi tr biu thc:
A=
Vi: x = ; y = 1,5 ; z = 13,4

Bai Tp Toan 8

AI
S 8
HNH HC
Tm Tc Chng T Gic
Hnh
Thang
Hnh
Thang
cn

Hnh
binh
hnh

inh ngha
Tnh Cht
A
B
T gic c 2
cnh song
song
C
D
Hnh thang c Hai cnh bn bng nhau
2 gc mt HaiAng Bcho bng
y bng
nhau
nhau
T gic c 2
cp cnh song
song

Hnh binh

B
hnh
c
1
gc
Hnh
ch vung
nht

Hnh bnh

hnh c 2

cnh k bng
Hnh nhau
thoi

Hnh ch nht
c 2 cnh k
bng nhau
Hnh
vung

Cch Chng minh

C 1 cp cnh song song

L hnh thang c 2 gc
mt y bng nhau
L hinh thang c 2 cho
bng nhau.
D
C
Cc cnh i bng nhau C 2 cp cnh song song
Cc gc i bng nhau
C 2 cp cnh bng
nhau
Hai Acho ct nhau B
ti
C 1 cp canh va song
trung im mi ng
song va bng nhau
C 2 cho ct nhau ti
D
C
trung im mi ng
C cc gc i bng
nhau
Hai ng cho bng
T gic c 3 gc vung
nhau.
L hnh bnh hnh c 1
gc vung
L hnh bnh hnh c 2
cho bng nhau.
Hai cho vung gc nhau T gic c 4 cnh bng
nhau
Mi cho l phn gic ca
A
L hnh bnh hnh c 2
cc gc hnh
thoi.
cnh k bng nhau
B
D
L hnh bnh hnh c 2
C
cho vung gc nhau
L hinh bnh hnh c 1
cho l phn gic
C tt c cc tnh cht
Hnh ch nhg c 2 cnh
ca cc hinh trn
k bng nhau
A
B
Hinh ch nht c 2 cho
vung gc nhau
Hinh ch nht c 1 cho
l phn gic
D
C
Hnh thoi c 1gc vung
Hnh thoi c 2 cho bng
nhau

ABCD l H. thang
AB//CD
ABCD l Thang cn
AB//CD
AD = BC
AC = BD
ABCD l HBH

ABCD l HCN
A=B=C=D=900
AC = BD
ABCD l H.thoi
AB=BC=CD=DA
AC BD
A1 = A2

ABCD l H.vung
C tt c cc tnh
cht nu trn

Bai Tp Toan 8

AI
S 8
BI: HNH THANG
Cho ABC. Gi D, E l trung im AB, AC. Chng minh t gic BCED l hnh thang
Cho hnh thang ABCD, y nh AD. Bit ng cho BD cng l phn gic ABC. Ch.minh AB = AD
Cho ABC cn ti A. Gi D, E l trung im AB, AC. Chng minh BCED l hnh thang cn
Cho hnh thang cn ABCD, y nh AB. T B v 1 ng thng song song AC ct CD ti E. Chng minh BDE cn
BI: HNH BNH HNH
Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c AB = 9cm; AD = 15cm. Phn gic gc A ct BC ti E. Tnh BE v EC
Cho t gic ABCD. Gi M, N, P, Q ln lt l trung im cc cnh AB, BC, CD, AD. Chng minh: t gic MNPQ l
hnh bnh hnh.
Cho ABC. T im M tu trn cnh BC, v cc ng thng song song vi AB v AC, ct cc cnh bn AB, AC ti N,
P. Gi I l trung im NP. Chng minh rng I cng l trung im AM.
Cho ABC. Gi H l trc tm ca n. Cc ng thng vung gc vi AB ti B v vung gc vi AC ti C ct nhau D.
Chng minh t gic BDCH l hnh bnh hnh.
Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Trn cho BD ly 2 on BE = DF. Chng minh t gic AECF l hnh bnh hnh.
Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. K AM v CN vung gc vi cho BD. Chng minh t gic AMCN l hnh bnh hnh.
Cho ABC, ko di trung tuyn AM, ly on MD = MA. Chng minh t gic ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.
Cho ABC. Gi D, E, F l trung im cc cnh AB, BC v AC. Chng minh cc t gic BDEF, CFDE, ADEF l hnh
bnh hnh.
Cho ABC, hai trung tuyn BD v CE ct nhau ti G. Gi F, M l trung im BG v CG. Chng minh EFMD l hnh bnh
hnh
Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Gi E, F l trung im BC v AB, v I l giao im ca AE v CF. Chng minh: 3 im B, I,
D thng hng.
Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Gi M l trung im CD, AM ct BD ti G, CG ct AD ti N. Chng minh NA = ND
BI: HNH CH NHT
Chu vi mt hnh ch nht l 12cm. Tnh tng cc khong cch t mt im bt k trong hnh ch nht n cc cnh ca n.
Cho ABC, ng cao AH. Ko di trung tuyn HI ca AHC, ly on IK = IH. Chng minh AHCK l hnh ch nht.
Cho ABC vung ti A. t im D bt k trn cnh BC, k DE AB v DF AC. Chng minh EDF = 900
Cho ABC vung ti A. T B v 1 ng thng song song AC. T C v 1 ng thng song song AB. Hai ng thng
ny ct nhau ti D. Chng minh AD = BC
Cho ABC cn ti A, ng cao AH. Ko di trung tuyn HI ca AHC, ly on IK = IH. Chng minh ABHK l hnh
ch nht
Cho hnh ch nht ABCD, hai cho AC v BD ct nhau ti O. Gi I l trung im AB. Chng minh OI AB
Cho hnh ch nht ABCD c AB = 2 AD. Gi E l trung im AB. DE ct CB ti F Chng minh: CF = AB.
Cho ABC u. Gi D, E, F l trung im cc cnh AB, BC, AC. Qua A v mt ng thng song song vi BC ct EF ti
H. Chng minh:
.a T gic ABEH l hnh bnh hnh
.b T gic AHCE l hnh ch nht
.c T gic BDFC l hnh thang cn
Cho ABC, ko di trung tuyn AM ly on MI = MA.
.a Chng minh t gic ABIC l hnh bnh hnh
.b Tm iu kin ca ABC ABIC l hnh ch nht.
BI: HNH THOI & HNH VUNG
Cho ABC cn ti A, trung tuyn AM. T M v ng thng song song AB ct AC ti D v ng thng song song AC
ct AB ti E. Chng minh ADME l hnh thoi
Cho ABC cn ti A, ko di ng cao AH ly on HD = HA. Chng minh ABDC l hnh thoi.
Cho hnh thang ABCD (y nh AB) c A = 900 v AB = AD. K BH CD. Chng minh ABHD l hnh vung
Cho ABC vung cn ti A. Gi D, E, F l trung im cc cnh AB, BC, AC. Chng minh ADEF l hnh vung
Cho hnh thang ABCD c y nh AB = 2 AD. Phn gic gc D ct AB ti E. V AH DE, ct CD ti F. Chng minh:
.a ADFE l hnh thoi.
.b AFB vung
Cho hnh vung ABCD. Ko di DC ly on CE = CD. Chng minh: DBE vung.

Bai Tp Toan 8

AI
S 8
Cho ABC c A = 450, ng cao AH. Gi M l trung im AC. Ko di HM, ly on MD = MH. Chng minh:
.a AHCD l hnh ch nht.
.b AHCD c l hnh vung khng? Chng minh.
.c ABCD l hnh thang.
N CHNG T GIC
Cho hnh thang ABCD (y nh AB) phn gic gc A ct CD E. Chng minh:
.a DA = DE
.b Phn gic D ct AE ti F. chng minh: F = 900 v FA = FE
Cho ABC cn ti A. Gi D, E l trung im AB, AC. Chng minh BE = CD
Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Trn cho BD ly cc on BE = EF = FD.
.a Chng minh: AECF l hnh bnh hnh.
.b AE ko di ct BC ti M. chng minh: AE = 2EM
Cho hnh ch nht ABCD. Ly im E bt k trn cho BD. Ko di CE ly on EF = CE. K FH AD v FG AB.
Chng minh:
.a AGFH l hnh ch nht.
.b AF // BD
Cho ABC vung ti A. T B k 1 ng thng song song AC v t C k 1 ng thng song song AB. Hai ng thng
ny ct nhau ti D. Chng minh BC = AD
Cho ABC vung ti A. T trung im D ca cnh AB v 1 ng thng song song AC v t C v 1 ng thng song
song AB. Hai ng thng ny ct nhau ti E. Chng minh:
.a ADEC l hnh ch nht
.b BDCE l hnh bnh hnh
.c ABE cn
Cho hnh thang ABCD (y nh AB) c cho DB l phn gic D. T B k 1 ng thng song song AD ct CD ti E.
Chng minh: ABED l hnh thoi.
T gic c 2 cho bng nhau v vung gc nhau ti trung im mi ng l hnh g? gii thch
Cho hnh thang ABCD vung gc ti A. y AD = 2BC, cho AC l phn gic A. V CE song song AB. Chng minh:
.a ABCE l hnh vung
.b BCDE l hnh bnh hnh
.c CAD vung cn
Cho hnh ch nht ABCD. Gi E l trung im BC, DE ct AB ti F. Chng minh:
.a DBFC l hnh bnh hnh
.b ACF cn
.c Gi I l trung im CD, BI ct DE ti K. Chng minh: 3 im A, K, C thng hng

Bai Tp Toan 8

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S 8
1

5
6
7
8
9

Gii phng trnh:

1.1) 7x 5 = 13 5x
1.3) 2(x + 2) 3(x 1) = 1
1.5) 8(3x 2) 14x = 2(4 7x) + 15x
1.7) 2(x + 1) 3(x 2) = 1
Gii phng trnh:
2.1) =
2.3) 2 =
2.5) 6 =
2.7) = +

PHNG TRNH A V BC NHT

1.2) 2(x + 3) 3(x 1) = 2
1.4) 10x + 3 = 4x + 12
1.6) 2(x + 5) 3(x 1) = 2
1.8) 12 3(x 2)2 = (x + 2)(1 3x) + 2x
2.2) = 1
2.4) = 2
2.6) x 5 =
2.8) (x + 3)2 + 3 = x(x 2) + 20

PHNG TRNH C N MU
Gii phng trnh:
3.1) = 4
3.2) =
3.3) + = 2
3.4) =
3.5) = 3
3.6) = 2
3.7) + = 1
3.8) + 3 =
3.9) = + 8
3.10) =
3.11) =
3.12) =
Gii phng trnh:
4.1) =
4.2) =
4.3) =
4.4) 2x = 0
4.5) = 3
4.6) = 0
4.7) + = 3
4.8) =
Vi gi tr no ca a, biu thc sau y bng 2
+
Cho A = ; B = 2
Tm x A = B
Cho A = ; B =
Vi gi tr no ca x th A = B?
Cho A = 3
Tm x, A = 0
Cho biu thc A =
a) Tm tp xc nh ca A
b) Tnh gi tr ca x khi A = 8
PHNG TRNH TCH

10

Gii phng trnh

10.1) (x 7)(2x + 8) = 0
10.3) 3x(x + 2)(x 5) = 0
10.5) (x 5)(2x + 8) = 0

10.2) 2x(3x + 1)(5x 2) = 0

10.4) 2x2(3x 6) = 0
GII TON BNG CCH LP PHNG TRNH

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

S lng du trong thng th I gp i s lng du trong thng th II. Nu bt thng th I 75lt v thm vo thng th II
35 lt, th s lng du trong 2 thng bng nhau. Hi lc u mi thng cha bao nhiu lt du?
Hai s hn km nhau 12 n v. Nu chia s b cho 7 v s ln cho 5, th thng th I km thng th II 4 n v. Tm 2 s
.
Bc in thu hoch c 480kg c v khoai. Khi lng khoai gp 3 ln khi lng c. Tnh khi lng loi.
An mua 10 quyn tp ht 24000. Gi mi quyn tp 100 trang l 1500, mi quyn tp 200 trang l 3000. Hi An mua mi
th bao nhiu quyn?
Mt phn s c mu ln hn t 3 n v. Nu tng c t v mu 2 n v th c phn s . Tm phn s cho.
C 2 kho thc. Kho th I nhiu hn kho th II 100 tn. Nu chuyn t kho I sang kho II 60 tn th lc ny s thc kho I bng
s thc kho II. Hi lc u mi kho c bao nhiu tn la?
ng sng t A n B ngn hn ng b 10km. i t A n B can i ht 3 gi, t i ht 2 gi. Vn tc can km vn
tc t 20km/h. Tnh vn tc can.
Mt t i t A n B mt 2 gi. Nu n i vi vn tc nh hn 20km/h th n s i mt 3 gi. Tnh qung ng AB
Thng du A cha s du gp i thng du B. Nu ly bt thng A 20 lt v thm vo thng B 10 lt th s du thng A
gp s du thng B. Hi lc u mi thng cha bao nhiu lt du?
Thng du A cha s du gp i thng du B. Nu ly bt thng A 30 lt v thm vo thng B 20 lt th s du thng A
gp s du thng B. Hi lc u mi thng cha bao nhiu lt du?

Bai Tp Toan 8

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S 8
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

Mt ca hng c hai kho cha hng. Kho I cha 60 t. Kho II cha 80 t. Sau khi bn kho II s hng gp 3 ln s hng bn
kho I th s hng cn li kho I gp i s hng cn li kho II. Tnh s hng bn mi kho?
Hai s c tng l 30. Nu chia s nh cho 3 v s ln cho 9, th thng th I ln hn thng th II l 2. Tm 2 s cho
Theo k hoch, mt i my cy phi cy mi ngy 15ha. Khi thc hin, i cy mi ngy 20ha. Do hon thnh k
hoch sm hn k hoch 1 ngy. Tnh din tch m i nhn cy.
Hai th vin c c thy 20000 cun sch. Nu chuyn t th vin th I sang th vin th II 2000 cun, th s sch ca 2 th
vin bng nhau. Tnh s sch lc u mi th vin.
Hiu ca 2 s bng 12. Nu chia s b cho 7 v s ln cho 5, th thng th I b hn thng th II l 4. Tm 2 s .
Mt ca n xui dng t bn A n bn B mt 4 gi v ngc dng t B n A mt 5 gi. Tnh khong cch AB, bit vn tc
dng nc l 2km/h
ng sng t A n B ngn hn ng b 10km. i t A B, can mt 3gi 20, t mt 2 gi. Vn tc can km vn
tc t 17km/h. Tnh vn tc can.
Hai th vin c c thy 30.000 quyn sch, nu em 5.000 quyn th vin th I sang th vin th II th lc s sch ca hai
th vin bng nhau. Hi lc u mi th vin c bao nhiu quyn sch?
Hai th vin c c thy 20.000 quyn sch, nu em 3.000 quyn th vin th I sang th vin th II th lc s sch ca hai
th vin bng nhau. Hi lc u mi th vin c bao nhiu quyn sch?
Hin ti tu A ch 680 tn hng, tu B ch 170 tn hng. Sau hai tu nhn thm mt s hng nh nhau. Hi mi tu ch
thm bao nhiu tn hng bit rng sau khi nhn thm hng th s hng tu A gp 3 ln s hng tu B
Hin ti tu A ch 550 tn hng, tu B ch 130 tn hng. Sau hai tu nhn thm mt s hng nh nhau. Hi mi tu ch
thm bao nhiu tn hng bit rng sau khi nhn thm hng th s hng tu A gp 3 ln s hng tu B
Hai vi nc cng chy vo 1 b sau 4 gi b y. Mi gi lng nc vi I chy c bng 1 lng nc chy c ca vi
II. Hi mi vi chy ring th trong bao lu y b?
Hai i cng nhn cng lm chung 1 cng vic trong 2 ngy th xong vic. Mi ngy phn vic i II lm c bng phn vic
i I. Hi nu lm ring xong vic th mi i mt bao lu?
T s gia 2 s l . Nu chia s nh cho 4 v s ln cho 9 th thng th I ln hn thng th II 4 n v. Tm 2 s .
B nc th I nhiu hn b nc th II 1200 lt. Ngi ta tho nc t b I sang b II bng 1 vi mi pht chy c 20 lt.
Sau 20 pht lng nc b I bng b II. Hi lc u mi b cha bao nhiu lt nc?
Hai s hn km nhau 6 n v. Nu chia s nh cho 4 v s ln cho 9, th thng th I hn thng th II 1 n v. Tm 2 s
cho

Bai Tp Toan 8

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S 8
BT PHNG TRNH
Gii bt phng trnh v biu din tp nghim trn trc s:
37.1) 2x + 7 > 16 x
37.2) x 5 < 3x + 1
37.3) 5x + 3 + 2x 2x 2
37.4) 2(x + 3) 5(x 1) + 2
37.5) 5 2x < x 1
37.6) x2 x(x + 2) > 3x 10
37.7) 2x x(3x + 1) 21 3x(x + 2)
37.8) (x + 1)(2x 2) 3 > 7x 2x(3 x)
37.9) 18 3x(1 x) < 3x2 3x + 1
38 Gii bt phng trnh v biu din tp nghim trn trc s:
38.1) >
38.2) >
38.3) >
38.4) >
38.5) >
38.6) >
38.7) + 2 > x
38.8) 2 + < 3
39 Cho A = ; B = +
Vi gi tr no ca x th A < B
40 Cho A = ; B =
Tnh gi tr ca x A > B
37

Bai Tp Toan 8

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S 8
TM TC L THUYT
A
D thun
Thales
B

N#u 1 ng thng ct 2 c#nh 1 tam

gic v song song vi c#nh th 3 th
E
n# #nh ra trn 2 c#nh c#c
on thng tng ng t# l#

DE // BC
= ; =

M
Thales o
B

N#u 1 ng thng ct 2 c#nh ca 1

Ntam gic v# nh ra trn nhng
on thng t# l# th ng thng
song song vi cnh th 3
C

= MN // BC

N##u 1 ng thng ct 2 cnh ca 1

tam gi#c v song song vi cnh th 3
th n to ra 1 tam gic mi c# 3
cnh tng ng t l# vi 3 cnh ca
tam gi#c cho

H qu

A
DE // BC
D
= = E

D
B

A
ng phn
gic
B

Hai tam gic

ng dng

ng phn gi#c trong ca 1 tam

gic chia c#nh i th#nh 2 on t#
l# vi 2 c#nh k# hai o#n y

(AD l phgic)

C
TH 1: Hai tam gic c 2 cp g#c
bng nhau th ng dng

A(_ Eq \b\rc\}(\a\al(_eq
\o(\s\u)A(A(_eq \o(\s\up 3(()
DE(_ Eq \b\rc\}

TH 2: Hai tam gic c 2 cp cnh

tng ng t l# v# cp gc t#o bi D
A ng dng
cc cnh bng nhau th

(\a\al(\f(AB,DE)DE(DE(\f(A
B,DE)

TH 3: Hai tam gic Bc 3 cp cnh

C E
tng ng t l# th# ng d#ng nhau
TH 1: Hai tam gic vung c# 1 cp
gc nh#n bng nhau th ng dng

A(_eq \o(\s\up 3(()A(A(()

B
E

Hai tam gic

vung ng

TH 2: Hai tam gic vung c 2 c#nh

gc vung tng ng t l# th# ng
d#ng

dng

H thc
lng trong
tam gic
vung

A
TH 3: Hai tam gic vung c cp
cnh huyn tng ng t l# vi 1 cp
cnh g#c vung th #ng dng
Trong 1 tam gic vung b#nh phng
1 cnh g#c vung bng tch c#nh
huy#n vi hnh chi#u ca cnh g#c
vung ln ca##nh huyn (nh l
m u)

H
A

Bai Tp Toan 8

12

AI
S 8
Trong 1 tam gic vung bnh phng
cnh huyn bng t#ng bnh phng 2
cnh gc vung. (nh l Pitago)
Trong 1 tam gic vung tch 2 c#nh
gc vung bng t#ch cnh huyn vi
ng cao thuc c#nh huy#n
Trong m#t tam gi#c vung bnh
phng ng cao bng tch 2 h#nh
chi#u ca 2 cnh gc vung ln
ca#nh huyn
C
i
A

Huyn

Bai Tp Toan 8

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S 8
NH L THALES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Trn mt cnh ca mt gc nh A ly 2 on AB = 5cm; BC = 6cm. Trn cnh th 2 ly AD = 7,5cm. T C k 1 ng thng

song song BD ct cnh kia ti M. Tnh MD.
Cho ABC c cnh AB = 10cm; AC = 15cm; BC = 20cm. Trn cnh AB ly on AD = 6cm. T D v mt ng thng ct
cnh AC ti E. Tnh AE v DE
Cho ABC c cnh AB = 15cm; AC = 20cm; BC = 10cm. Trn cnh AB ly on AD = 12cm. T D v mt ng thng ct
cnh AC ti E. Tnh AE v DE
Cho ABC, gi D l im chia cnh AB thnh 2 on AD = 8cm v DB = 4cm. Tnh t s cc khong cch t D v B n AC
Trn mt cnh gc nh B, ly 2 on thng sao cho = . Trn cnh th 2 ly 2 on thng BC v BE sao cho BC = CE. Chng
minh AC // DE
Cho ABC, trung tuyn AM. V ng phn gic MD ca gc AMB v ME ca gc AMC. Chng minh DE // BC
Mt ng thng i qua giao im 2 cho hnh thang ABCD ct 2 y AB v CD ti M v N. Bit = . Tnh
Cc cnh bn AB, CD ca hnh thang ABCD ko di ct nhau tai M. Tnh BC. Bit = v AD = 1,8cm
Cho ABC c cnh AB = 12cm; AC = 8cm; BC =16cm. Trn cnh AB ly on AD = 9cm. T D v mt ng thng ct cnh
AC ti E. Tnh AE v DE
Cho ABC c cnh AB = 8cm; AC = 16cm; BC = 12cm. Trn cnh AB ly on AD = 6cm. T D v mt ng thng ct
cnh AC ti E. Tnh AE v DE
TAM GIC NG DNG

11 Cho ABC c BC = 12cm. Trn cnh AB ly im D sao cho = . T D v mt ng thng ct AC ti E sao cho
ADE(()ADE(() = ABC(()ABC(() . Tnh DE.
(

12

Trong ABC v 1 ng thng qua B ct cnh AC ti D sao cho ABD = ACB. Tnh AD,DC. Bit AB = 2cm v AC = 4cm.

13 Cho hnh thang ABCD (BC //AD) vi cc gc ABC(()ABC(() = ACD(()ACD(() . Tnh AC, bit BC = 12cm v AD =
(

14

15
16
17

18
19
20
21
22
23

24
25

27cm.
Cho ABC trong AB = 15cm; AC = 20cm. Trn 2 cnh AB, AC ln lc ly 2 on AD = 8cm v AE = 6cm. Chng minh
ABC ADE. Ch r cc nh tng ng.
Cho ABC c BC = 15cm. Trn cnh AB ly im D sao cho = . T D v mt ng thng ct AC ti E sao cho
ADE(()ADE(()( = ABC(()ABC(()( . Tnh DE.
Trn mt cnh ca mt gc nh A. t cc on thng AE = 5cm; AC = 16cm. Trn cnh th 2 ca gc t cc on thng
AD = 8cm; AF = 10cm. Hai ACD v AEF c ng dng nhau khng?
Cho tam gic c di 3 cnh l 12, 16, 18. Tnh di 3 cnh ca 1 tam gic ng dng vi tam gic cho v cnh b nht
ca tam gic ny bng cnh ln nht ca tam gic cho
Cho ABC c BC = 18cm. Trn cnh AB ly im D sao cho = . T D v mt ng thng ct AC ti E sao cho
ADE(()ADE(()( = ABC(()ABC(()( . Tnh DE
Cho ABC c AB = 10cm, AC = 15cm, BC = 20cm v ABC ng dng ABC c AB tng ng vi AB v nh hn AB
2cm. Tnh cc cnh ABC
Cho ABC DEF c: BC= 2EF; AB=8cm; AC=10cm; BC=12cm. Tnh cc cnh DEF
Cho ABC DEF c AB = DE v AC = 18cm, BC = 15cm. Tnh DF v EF
Cho ABC c AB = 9cm, AC = 12cm. Qua C v 1 ng thng song song AB. Trn ly CD = 6cm (D, A khc pha i vi
BC). Qua D v 1 ng thng song song AC ct BC ti E. Tnh DE
Cho 2 ABC v ABC ng dng. V 2 trung tuyn AM v AM. Chng minh ABM ABM
Cho ABC c BC = 18cm. Trn cnh AB ly im D sao cho = . T D v mt ng thng ct AC ti E sao cho
ADE(()ADE(()( = ABC(()ABC(()( . Tnh DE
Cho ABC c AB = 6cm; AC = 9cm; BC = 12cm. Trn cnh AC ly on AD = 4cm.
a. Chng minh: ABC ADB
b. Tnh BD

Bai Tp Toan 8

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S 8
TAM GIC VUNG NG DNG
26

27

28
29
30

31
32
33
34

Cho ABC vung ti A. ng cao AH chia cnh huyn BC thnh hai on BH = 9cm v CH = 16cm.
a. Chng minh ABC v ABH ng dng nhau
b. Tnh cnh AB
Cho ABC vung ti A. ng cao AH chia cnh huyn BC thnh hai on BH = 9cm v CH = 16cm.
a. Chng minh ABC v ACH ng dng nhau
b. Tnh cnh AC
Cho ABC vung ti A c B(()B(()( = 420 v ABC vung ti A c B'(()B'(()( = 480. Hai ABC v ABC c ng
dng nhau khng?
Mt tam gic vung c cnh huyn 20cm v mt cnh gc vung di 12cm. Tnh di hnh chiu cnh gc vung kia ln cnh
huyn.
Cho ABC vung ti A. ng cao AH chia cnh huyn BC thnh hai on BH = 16cm v CH = 9cm.
a. Chng minh ABC v ABH ng dng nhau
b. Tnh cnh AB
Cho ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH. Chng minh AB2 = BC.BH v AC2 = BC.CH
Cho ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH. Chng minh AH2 = BH.CH
Cho ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH. Chng minh: AB.AC = BC.AH
Cho ABC vung ti A. ng cao AH chia cnh huyn BC thnh hai on BH = 16cm v CH = 9cm.
a. Chng minh ABC v ACH ng dng nhau
b. Tnh cnh AC
H THC LNG TRONG TAM GIC VUNG

49

Cho ABC c AB = 10cm, BC = 17cm. V ng cao BD, vi D thuc cnh AC v BD = 8cm. Tnh AC
Mt tam gic cn c cnh bn di 17cm. ng cao k t nh di 15cm. Tnh cnh y tam gic.
Cho ABC c AB = 6cm; AC = 8cm; BC = 10cm.
a. Chng minh ABC vung.
b. Tnh din tch ABC
Cho ABC c AB = 9cm; AC = 12cm; BC = 15cm.
a. Chng minh ABC vung.
b. Tnh din tch ABC
Cho ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH, c BH = 1,8cm; BC = 5cm. Tnh AB v AC
Cho ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH. C AB = 6cm; AC = 8cm. Tnh AH, BH, CH
Cho ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH. C HB = 7,2cm; HC = 12,8cm. Tnh AH, AB, AC
ng cho 1 hnh ch nht di 29cm, mt cnh di 20cm. Tnh di cnh th hai.
Cho ABC c AB = 6cm; AC = 8cm; BC = 10cm.
a. Chng minh ABC vung.
b. Tnh din tch ABC
Mt tam gic vung c s o 2 cnh l 8 v 17. Tm s o cnh th 3
Chng minh rng nu t gic ABCD c 2 cho vung gc nhau th tng bnh phng ca 2 cnh i ny bng tng bnh
phng ca 2 cnh i kia.
Cho ABC c AB = 9cm; AC = 12cm; BC = 15cm.
a. Chng minh ABC vung.
b. Tnh din tch ABC
Cho ABC c AB = 6cm; AC = 8cm; BC = 10cm.
a. Chng minh ABC vung.
b. Tnh ng cao AH
Cho ABC c AB = 9cm; AC = 12cm; BC = 15cm
a. Chng minh ABC vung
b. Trn cnh AB ly on BD = 3cm. T D v 1 ng thng song song BC, ct AC ti E. tnh ED, EC.
Cho ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH c AB = 6cm; HB = 3,6cm. Tnh BC, HC, AC, AH.

50
51
52

Chng minh: tg = ( < 900)

Chng minh: Cotg = ( < 900)
Chng minh: Sin 2 + cos2 = 1

35
36
37

38

39
40
41
42
43

44
45
46

47

48

T S LNG GIC

Bai Tp Toan 8

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S 8
N TP
53
54
55

56
57

58
59
60

61
62
63
64
65
66

67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75

76

Cho ABC c AB = 15cm; AC = 10cm. Trn cnh AB ly on AD = 9cm. T D v 1 ng thng song song BC ct AC ti E.
tnh AE, EC
Cho ABC c AB=12; AC=9. Trn cnh AB ly on AM=8 v trn cnh AC ly on AN=6. Chng minh MN //BC
Cho ABC c AB = 15; AC = 20; BC = 21. V ng phn gic AD (D BC). Tnh BD v CD
Cho ABC c A(()A(()( = 600; B(()B(()( = 800; AB = 14cm; AC = 21cm v DEF c D(()D(()( = 600; E(()E(() ( = 400; DF
= 10cm. Tnh DE
Cho ABC c AC = 21cm; BC = 28cm. Trn cnh AC ly on CE = 12cm. T E v 1 ng thng song song BC v t C v 1
ng thng song song AB. Hai ng thng ny ct nhau ti D. Tnh DE.
Cho ABC c AB = 6; AC = 9. T B v 1 ng thng ct cnh AC ti D sao cho ABD(()ABD(()( = ACB(()ACB(()( .
Tnh AD v CD
Cho ABC c AB = 10cm; AC =12cm. Trn cnh AB ly on AD =5cm, trn cnh AC ly on AE =6. Chng minh
ADE(()ADE(()( = ABC(()ABC(()(
Cho hnh thang ABCD c AB = 12cm; AD = 9cm; y BC = 25cm v cho BD = 15cm. Tnh cnh bn CD
cho ABC c AB = 6cm; BC = 9cm. Trn cnh BC ly on BD = 4cm. Chng minh BAD(()BAD(()( = BCA(()BCA(()(
Cho ABC c AB = 9cm; AC = 12cm; BC = 15cm v DEF c DE = 12cm; DF = 16cm. Hi nu 2 ABC v DEF ng dng
th s o EF l bao nhiu?
Cho 2 ABC v DEF ng dng nhau. C AB = 12cm; DE = 8cm (AB v DE tng ng nhau). Tnh chu vi DEF, bit chu vi
ABC = 36cm
Cho ABC c din tch 36cm 2. Trn cnh AB ly im D sao cho = . T D v 1 ng thng song song BC ct AC ti E. Tnh
din tch ADE.
Cho ABC vung ti A c AB = 6cm; AC = 8cm v phn gic AD. Tnh BD v CD
Cho ABC vung ti A c AC = 6cm; BC = 10cm. T A v 1 ng thng Ax // BC. T C v CD Ax. Tnh AD
Cho ABC vung ti A c AB=9; AC=12; BC=15. T C v tia Cx sao cho ACB(()ACB(()( = BCx(()BCx(()( . T B v BD
BC. Tnh BD
Cho ABC vung ti A c AB = 12cm; BC = 20cm. V phn gic BD (D AC). Tnh AD, CD
Cho ABC c AB = 17cm; AC = 25cm, ng cao AH = 15cm. Tnh BC
Cho 3 im A, H, B theo th t nm trn 1 ng thng sao cho AH = 3,6cm; HB = 6,4cm. Qua H v 1 ng thng vung gc
AB. Trn ng thng ny ly im C sao cho HC = 4,8cm. Chng minh ABC vung.
Cho ABC vung ti A c AB=9; AC=12. T C v 1 ng thng vung gc BC. Trn ly on CD = 8. Tnh BD
Dng t s sin chng minh h thc:Trong 1 tam gic vung tch 2 cnh gc vung bng tch cnh huyn vi ng cao
tng ng
Dng t s cos chng minh:Trong 1 tam gic vung bnh phng 1 cnh gc vung bng tch cnh huyn vi hnh chiu ca
cnh gc vung
Dng t s lng gic chng minh:Trong 1 tam gic vung bnh phng ng cao bng tch 2 hnh chiu Cho ABC
vung ti A ng cao AH.
Cho ABC c cc cnh AB = 21cm; AC = 28cm; BC = 35cm
a. Chng minh ABC vung. Tnh din tch ABC
b. Tnh sinB, sinC
c. ng phn gic ca gc A ct cnh BC ti D. Tnh BD, CD
Cho ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH c BH = 4cm; HC = 9cm. Gi D, E l hnh chiu ca D trn AB v AC.
a. Tnh DE
b. g thng vg gc vi DE ti D v E ct BC ti M v N. chng minh M l trung im BH v N l trung im HC
c. Tnh din tch t gic DENM