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com

HNG DN TH NGHIM 8051 VI EME-MC8

HNG DN TH NGHIM

C BN V EME-MC8
T CHC TI LIU HNG DN
EME-MC8 l b th nghim c thit k da trn h vi iu khin MCS-51. Ti liu hng dn th nghim ny gip ngi s dng tip cn vi cc kin thc c bn v vi iu khin 8051 nhanh chng hn. Ti liu ny bao gm nhiu bi th nghim, mi bi c t chc thnh cc phn nh sau: Mc tiu: gip ngi hc nm c mc tiu c th ca bi th nghim. Yu cu: phn ny s a ra yu cu c th ca bi th nghim. Hng dn: phn ny l phn chnh ca bi th nghim, bao gm cc ni dung sau L thuyt c bn: phn ny s tm tt s lc cc kin thc l thuyt c lin quan n bi th nghim. Thit k phn cng: ni dung ca phn ny s gip ngi s dng nm c chi tit v s v cch thc thit k phn cng ca EME-MC8. Ngi s dng cn hiu r cc ni dung c cp trong phn ny. Cc thit k phn cng ny hon ton c th ng dng trong thc t. Phn mm giao tip: phn ny s gip ngi s dng nm c cc k thut xy dng phn mm p ng yu cu ca bi th nghim. Cc ni dung c cp trong phn ny cng s rt hu dng trong thc t. Kim tra: gip ngi s dng ng gi mc t c cc mc tiu ca bi th nghim, ng thi gi mt s hiu chnh nhm lm phong ph ni dung th nghim.

Ch : ngi hc cn xem trc ni dung th nghim v chun b sn chng trnh ti nh c th tn dng tt thi gian th nghim.

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DIP-SW8 CU HNH
B th nghim EME-MC8 c thit k c th s dng mt cch linh hot. Trn EME-MC8 c 4 DIP-SW8 SW_CC1, SW_CC2, SW_CC3, SW_CC4 nm xung quanh ZIF40 gn vi iu khin cho php cu hnh b th nghim.
Cc DIP-SW8 cu hnh Port0 v Port2 Port1 v Port3

Mt pha ca DIP-SW c ni n 4 port (P0 n P3) ca 8051. Pha cn li ni n tn hiu c tn c ghi trn board mch. Mc ch ca cc DIP-SW8 cu hnh ny l cho php ngn mch hoc h mch tn hiu vi port ca 8051. C th l khi SW c t v tr ON, hai tn hiu c ni. Khi SW t v tr OFF, hai tn hiu h mch. Nh vy, khi SW ti mt v tr bt ON th port ca 8051 c ni vi tn hiu c tn tng ng. V d khi SW th 0 ca DIP-SW8 SW_CC2 bt ON th c ngha l bit P1.0 (bit th 0 ca Port1) c ni n tn hiu DAC_nCS.
Chc nng Bus d liu D0-D7 Byte thp ca bus a ch A0-A7 P2 Byte cao ca bus a ch A8-A15 P1.0 /CS ca DAC P1.1 SCK ca giao tip SPI P1.2 SDI ca giao tip SPI P1.3 /LD ca DAC P3.0 RXD P3.1 TXD P3.2 Tn hiu giao tip 1-Wire bus Ng ra ca DS18S20 P3.3 Chn ch Single-Step P3.4 Tn hiu Enable ca LCD P3.5 Tn hiu RS ca LCD P3.6 /WR P3.7 /RD Kt ni cc port vi tn hiu khi DIP-SW8 cu hnh c bt ON Port P0

Nu SW v tr OFF, cc port khng ni n tn hiu m ni trc tip n header m rng c sn trn board l JA01 (Port0), JA02 (Port1), JA03 (Port2), JA04 (Port3). Ngi s dng c th dng cc header ny cho mc ch m rng h thng.

Cc header m rng port

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JUMPER CU HNH
Trn EME-MC8 c cc jumper cu hnh. Cc jumper 2 cho php ni hoc h mch mt kt ni. Cc jumper 3 cho php la chn ni 1 ng tn hiu n 1 trong 2 tn hiu khc. V d trong hnh minh ha di y, tn hiu SYN c th c ni n SYND hoc SYNC ty theo v tr ca jumper JP23.

Minh ha ci t jumper

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HNG DN TH NGHIM

BN B NH
Mch gii m a ch trn EME-MC8 c thit k dng vi mch gii m 74x138. S thit k nh hnh sau

S mch gii m a ch

Bn b nh c sp xp nh sau
STT B nh v Ngoi vi a ch truy xut Ghi ch Cha d liu v chng trnh ca ngi s dng khi dng vi EMEMON51 (nCS1) Ch ghi, (nCS0) Ch ghi (nCS2) Ch c (nCS2) Ch ghi (nCS4) Ch ghi (nCS3) Ch ghi (nCS5)

B nh RAM ngoi

2000h 3FFFh

2 3 4 5 6 7

Cht 573 ca khi led 7 on Ra lnh bt u chuyn i ADC v cht knh cn chuyn i c 8 bit d liu t ADC iu khin cht 573 cht 8 bit d liu ca khi LCD iu khin cht 573 cht 8 bit d liu ca khi GLCD iu khin cht 573 cht 8 bit d liu ca khi led matrix hng iu khin cht 573 cht 8 bit d liu ca khi led matrix ct iu khin cht 573 cht 2 bit iu khin ng c DC , D0 v D1

0000h 1FFFh 4000h 5FFFh 4000h 5FFFh 8000h 9FFFh 6000h 7FFFh

A000 BFFFh

C000h DFFFh

Ch ghi (nCS6) Ch ghi (nCS7)

E000h FFFFh

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HNG DN TH NGHIM

HNG DN NHANH S DNG EME-MC8

Ci t cc DIP-SW8 v jumper cu hnh nh sau: Bt ON tt c cc SW ca 2 DIP-SW8 cu hnh SW_CC1 v SW_CC3. iu ny cho php 8051 hot ng trong ch 3 bus (bus d liu, bus a ch, v bus iu khin). Trong ch 3 bus, Port0 ng vai tr l 8-bit d liu ng thi l 8-bit a ch thp, Port2 ng vai tr l 8-bit a ch cao to nn bus a ch 16-bit.

S kt ni khi DIP-SW8 cu hnh

Bt ON 4 SW th 0, 1, v 6, 7 ca DIP-SW8 cu hnh SW_CC4. iu ny cho php dng cc bit P3.0, P3.1 lm tn hiu giao tip ni tip vi my tnh qua cng COM (P3.0 = RXD, P3.1 = TXD), v cc bit P3.6, P3.7 c dng l cc tn hiu iu khin trong ch 3 bus (P3.6 = nWR, P3.7 = nRD). Bng sau ch ra v tr mc nh ca cc switch trn DIP-SW8 cu hnh. Trn thc t th nghim, ty theo ngoi vi no c s dng m ngi lp trnh cn bt ON cc switch ca cc ngoi vi tng ng.
Port P0 V tr mc nh ON Chc nng Bus d liu D0-D7 Byte thp ca bus a ch A0A7 Byte cao ca bus a ch A8A15 /CS ca DAC SCK ca giao tip SPI SDI ca giao tip SPI /LD ca DAC RXD TXD Tn hiu giao tip 1-Wire bus Ng ra ca DS18S20

P2 P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P3.0 P3.1 P3.2

ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF

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P3.3 OFF Chn ch Single-Step P3.4 ON Tn hiu Enable ca LCD P3.5 ON Tn hiu RS ca LCD P3.6 ON /WR P3.7 ON /RD Ci t DIP-SW8 cu hnh hot ng trong ch 3 bus

cu hnh mc tch cc ca khi nt nhn, jumper 3 JC301 c ci t ni chn 2 v 3, tc l ni chn 2 xung GND. Cc jumper 3 JC302, JC303, JC304, v JC305 c ci t ni chn 2 v 1, tc l chn 2 ni VCC. iu ny s lm cho nt nhn bnh thng mc cao. Khi c nhn, mc tch cc ca nt nhn s l mc thp. Trong trng hp khng s dng nt nhn, ngi s dng c th h cc jumper 3 ny.

S kt ni ca nt nhn v jumper cu hnh

Kt ni b th nghim vi cng COM ca my tnh. Trn my tnh, khi ng chng trnh HyperTerminal bng cch nhn Start > All Programs > Accessories > Communications > HyperTerminal v ci t chng trnh vi cc thng s nh sau: 8-bit d liu, 1 stop bit, khng c parity, khng c bt tay, tc 19200bps. Chng trnh ny s gip ngi s dng giao tip vi EME-MC8 thng qua phn mm monitor EME-MON51(1) c tch hp sn. Cp ngun cho b th nghim. Bt u tin trnh th nghim.

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HNG DN NHANH S DNG EME-MON51

VIT CHNG TRNH VI ASM51.EXE
Cc h thng vi x l hoc vi iu khin u cn c mt phn mm (chng trnh) iu khin hot ng ca n. Chng trnh ny c gi trong b nh chng trnh (program memory) ca MCU. cp thp nht, chng trnh trong h thng l cc bit nh phn thng c gi l m my. Tuy nhin, ngi lp trnh rt kh thao tc vi cc bit nh phn. Trong thc t, cc chng trnh s c vit trn my tnh bng hp ng (assembly) hoc cc ngn ng cp cao khc nh C/C++, Basic, Cc chng trnh ny s cn phi qua bc bin dch, lin kt chuyn sang dng m my ph hp vi loi MCU ang dng. Cng c thc hin cc bc ny c gi l chng trnh dch hp ng (assembler), chng trnh bin dch (compiler), v chng trnh lin kt (linker). Mi loi MCU thng c mt chng trnh dch hp ng ca ring n. i vi EME-MC8, ngi lp trnh c th s dng chng trnh bin dch ASM51.EXE c cung cp km theo b th nghim, hoc c th tm kim trn mng rt nhiu cc chng trnh khc. Hoc ngi lp trnh c th tham kho trang web www.keil.com c th ti v s dng th chng trnh bin dch cp cao vi ngn ng C/C++ rt thng dng. Ngoi ra cng c th dng chng trnh bin dch min ph SDCC (ti http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/). y cng l mt b cng c rt hu ch cho ngi lp trnh. Phn hng dn ny ch tp trung vo chng trnh dch hp ng ASM51.EXE. Gi s chng trnh c vit c tn test.asm. iu u tin cn lu l chng trnh ngi s dng phi nm trong vng a ch t 2000h n 3FFFh. Chnh v vy, ngi s dng phi dng dn xut ORG ti u chng trnh. ORG 2000h ; phn thn chng trnh. END Hoc s dng mu sau cho chng trnh ; +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ; | This file is a source code template to use with EME-MC8 | ; | Should use ASM51.EXE to compile and link |
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; | or use Keil compiler with some modifies | ; +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ; +-----------------------------------------------------------+ ; Constant declares ; use EQU directive to define constants ; +-----------------------------------------------------------+ ; +-----------------------------------------------------------+ ; User DATA memory is internal data memory ; use DS directive to define variables ; +-----------------------------------------------------------+ DSEG AT 30H ; +-----------------------------------------------------------+ ; User PROGRAM memory at 2000h ; +-----------------------------------------------------------+ CSEG AT 2000h jmp start ; +-----------------------------------------------------------+ ; Interrupt Vector table ; Write from here ; +-----------------------------------------------------------+ ; +-----------------------------------------------------------+ ; Main program ; +-----------------------------------------------------------+ start: ; +-----------------------------------------------------------+ ; Other defines ; +-----------------------------------------------------------+ end bin dch chng trnh vi ASM51.EXE, ngi lp trnh cn s dng cu lnh sau trong ca s DOS: C:\Vidu\> asm51 test.asm l Trong test.asm l tn ca chng trnh cn bin dch, v gi s chng trnh ASM51.EXE cha trong th mc C:\Vidu\. Phn m rng l c dng yu cu trnh bin dch to ra file .lst. y l file gip cho vic g ri chng trnh c d dng hn.
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Kt qu bin dch thnh cng s c hin th trn mn hnh vi thng bo khng c li trong bin dch (NO ERRORS FOUND), v ngi lp trnh c th dng file test.hex ghi chng trnh vo b nh chng trnh.

S DNG NHANH EME-MON51

Trong thc t, vi file kt qu bin dch .hex, ngi lp trnh cn s dng cc b lp trnh (programmer) c th ghi chng trnh ny vo b nh chng trnh ca h thng. B nh chng trnh thng c tch hp sn trong MCU hoc nm trong ROM ca h thng. Mt s b lp trnh thng dng c th tm c l LabTool ca Advantech, hoc SuperPro ca Xeltek. Ngoi ra cng c mt s b lp trnh n gin hn, ph hp vi nhu cu hc tp ca sinh vin. Tuy nhin, s dng vi EME-MC8, ngi lp trnh khng cn c b lp trnh c lp v cc module BMCU c tch hp sn chng trnh monitor. y l mt on chng trnh nh c ghi sn vo h thng, cho php ngi s dng dng my tnh giao tip vi microB thng qua cng COM. Ngi s dng c th ra lnh cho monitor ghi chng trnh ca mnh vo b nh chng trnh v sau thc thi n. B nh chng trnh trong trng hp ny thng l mt b nh c kh nng ghi c bnh thng v d nh RAM. Monitor s ghi chng trnh ca ngi lp trnh vo trong RAM nh d liu, sau s ra lnh thc thi on m ny nh b nh chng trnh. K thut ny c gi l chng ph vng nh (overlay), trong a ch ca b nh chng trnh v b nh d liu c thit k trng nhau. Ngoi ra monitor cn c nhiu lnh khc phc v trong vic g ri chng trnh. c th s dng nhanh EME-MON51 trn EME-MC8 ngi s dng cn c chng trnh HyperTerminal trn my tnh. Chng trnh ny thng c ci sn trong h iu hnh Windows, truy xut vo Start>All Programs>Accessories>Communications>HyperTerminal. Chng trnh ny cho php kt ni vi cng COM ca my tnh. ln u tin s dng cn ci t thng s cng COM kt ni vi EME-MC8 l 19200bps, 8 bit, 1 stop bit, khng c bt tay.

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Dng dy ni cng COM ca my tnh vi cng RS232 trn module microBMAIN. Kt ni chng trnh HyperTerminal vi cng COM, cn nhn xung gc di bn tri mn hnh thy ch Connected m bo l kt ni. M ngun ca EME-MC8. Nhn phm Enter trn bn phm khi ang trong chng trnh HyperTerminal EME-MON51 c th t ng pht hin tc truyn. Sau khi bin dch thnh cng chng trnh v nhn c file .hex, ngi s dng cn dng cc thao tc sau c th thc thi chng trnh. m bo l chng trnh th nghim c bin dch vi a ch u l t 2000h n 3FFFh. Gi s test.hex c bin dch vi a ch l 2000h. Chn Transfer>Send Text File trong HyperTerminal. Trong ca s Send Text File, chn All files (*.*). Di chuyn n th mc cha file .hex cn th nghim v chn file ny. Ca s chn file ng li, qu trnh truyn file bt u. Khi kt thc truyn, HyperTerminal s cho thy s lng byte truyn c v truyn c thnh cng hay khng. Nu kt qu truyn thnh cng, ngi s dng c th g phm J trn bn phm, g a ch ca chng trnh va truyn xung (c th l 2000h) v g Enter thc thi chng trnh. thot khi chng trnh ngi s dng v quay tr li chng trnh monitor, nhn ESC.

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11/59

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CC BI TH NGHIM

TH NGHIM VI NT NHN V LED N

L THUYT C BN
Trong thc t, led n v nt nhn l hai phng php giao tip ngi s dng n gin v cng rt hiu qu. Ngi s dng c th dng nt nhn tc ng vo h thng iu khin ra lnh cho h thng. Ngc li, led n c th c dng hin th trng thi hot ng bn trong ca h thng. Led n c bit hu dng trong vic gip ngi thit k g ri chng trnh. V d ngi lp trnh c th thay i tc nhp nhy ca led ch ra cc li khc nhau trong chng trnh.

THIT K PHN CNG

Cc nt nhn v led n c th c ni trc tip n cc port I/O trn vi iu khin. Trn EME-MC8 c 32 nt nhn v 32 led n c ni trc tip n 4 port ca 8051. Tt c cc nt nhn v led u c th c truy xut thng qua ch I/O port. LU : trong cc bi th nghim, v EME-MC8 c thit k hot ng ch 3 bus, trong Port0, Port2 v 2 bit P3.6, P3.7 ca Port3 c s dng to nn bus d liu, bus a ch, v bus iu khin ca h thng nn khng th truy xut n cc port ny ch I/O port. Nh vy, cc nt nhn v led c ni n cc port ny khng cn dng c. Trn EME-MC8, cc led thanh c dng thay th cho led n v thc cht, mi led thanh gm 8 led n c t cnh nhau (2 led cui ca mi thanh khng c s dng). Mi led thanh c cho php hot ng bng cch bt ON SW tng ng trn DIP-SW4 SW_C201. Khi led thanh c cho php, mc tch cc led sng l mc thp. Nh vy, cn bt ON SW th 1 ca SW_C201 cho php led thanh trn Port1.

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HNG DN TH NGHIM

S kt ni v ci t mc tch cc ca nt nhn, led thanh trn Port1

Vi ci t DIP-SW8 cu hnh v jumper mc nh, mc tch cc ca nt nhn trn P1.0 l mc thp, mc tch cc ca led n trn P1.1 cng l mc thp. Mt im cn c lu l tn hiu iu khin led n phi c tnh cht cht (latch). iu ny gip m bo gi nguyn gi tr trn led (bus d liu ca h thng lun l bus 3 trng thi, nh vy, nu Port0 ang s dng l bus d liu th khng th dng iu khin led c na). V cc I/O Port ca 8051 c sn tnh cht cht nn c th ni trc tip led n n cc port ny. Trong thc t, ngi thit k c th dng mt vi mch cht nh 74x573 giao tip vi led n. Trong trng hp , 573 phi c thit k giao tip vi vi iu khin nh ngoi vi thng qua ch 3 bus.

PHN MM GIAO TIP

V mt lp trnh, v 8051 s dng ch I/O nh x b nh nn truy xut n cc port ca 8051 ch I/O Port, ngi lp trnh c th c hoc ghi trc tip vo cc thanh ghi port trong vng thanh ghi chc nng c bit (SFR) c a ch t 80h n 7Fh. C th l thanh ghi iu khin Port0 l 80h, Port1 l 90h, Port2 l 0A0h, v Port3 l 0B0h. Khi truy xut n cc thanh ghi ny, ngi lp trnh dng phng php nh a ch trc tip. Nh vy, lnh no trong tp lnh c h tr phng php nh a ch trc tip th u c th dng truy xut I/O Port.
MOV A, P1 ; c P1 vo thanh ghi A

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HNG DN TH NGHIM

SETB MOV

P1.1 C, P1.0

; led ti P1.1 tt ; c trng thi nt nhn ti P1.0

TH NGHIM 1 Mc tiu Nm c cch thc iu khin trc tip ngoi vi thng qua cc port I/O ca 8051. Yu cu Vit chng trnh thc hin vic c lin tc trng thi ca nt nhn c ni n P1.0 v hin th ra led c ni ti chn P1.1 (bit th 1 ca led thanh BL202). Hng dn Trong th nghim ny, v nt nhn v led n c ni trc tip n cc bit port s dng chc nng I/O port nn ngi lp trnh ch cn truy xut n 2 bit P1.0 v P1.1 ca thanh ghi P1 (a ch trc tip l 90h). Gi tr c c t nt nhn cng nh gi tr xut ra led ch c rng l 1 bit nn ngi lp trnh nn s dng c C cha gi tr ny.
MOV MOV C, P1.0 P1.1, C ; c nt nhn ; xut ra led

Kim tra Bin dch v thc thi chng trnh kim tra kt qu thc hin. Th gii thch ti sao c n 2 led cng b tc ng khi nhn hoc th nt. Tng kt xem cc bit no ca 4 port c th c dng trong th nghim trn v gii thch ti sao. TH NGHIM 2 Mc tiu Nm c cch thc to tr dng vng lp lnh. Yu cu Vit chng trnh to xung vung 1Hz trn n led c ni n chn P1.0. Bit tn s dao ng c dng trong h thng l 11.059MHz. Hng dn Cch thc xut gi tr ra led c thc hin ging nh th nghim 1, tc l dng cc cu lnh truy xut n chc nng I/O port (tc l truy xut n thanh ghi P1 hoc bit P1.0). Ni dung chnh cn quan tm n trong th nghim ny l bit cch to c khong thi gian tr (delay) s dng vng lp lnh. Thc t th cc thao tc iu khin lun cn phi tun theo mt trnh t nht nh vi khong thi gian gia chng l xc nh. Do , cc chng trnh con to tr lun l mt phn rt quan trng ca chng trnh iu khin.

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C nhiu cch c th vit c chng trnh con to tr. Phn th nghim ny gip ngi lp trnh nm c cch thc to tr dng cc cu lnh to thnh vng lp. Mi vi iu khin lun s dng mt tn hiu xung clock ng b cc hot ng trong h thng (8051 trn EME-MC8 s dng clock vi tn s 11.059MHz). Mt cu lnh c thc thi s cn mt s xung clock xc nh thng c o bng chu k my (mt chu k my ca 8051 mt 12 xung clock). Nh vy, mt cu lnh c thc thi s tiu hao mt khong thi gian xc nh. V d lnh MOV ca 8051 c th mt 1 hoc 2 chu k my, tc l 12 hoc 24 xung clock, ngha l khong 1us hoc 2us (b qua sai s). Trong tp lnh ca vi iu khin lun c lnh NOP. Lnh ny thng c dng ch tiu tn 1 chu k my m khng thc thi thao tc g c. Do , to ra thi gian tr ngn, ngi lp trnh c th dng vi lnh NOP. Trong trng hp thi gian to tr di, cn nhiu chu k my, ngi lp trnh c th dng vng lp to tr
MOV DJNZ R7, #n R7, $

Vng lp ny s dng (2n+1) chu k my, vi n c rng 1 byte nn s chu k my ti a l (2*256+1)=513 chu k my. Trong thc t, ngi lp trnh c th tnh gn ng l 2n chu k my. Vi thi gian di hn, c th lng nhiu vng lp vo nhau
MOV LOOP: MOV DJNZ DJNZ R7, #n R6, #m R6, $ R7, LOOP

Vng lp ny mt (2m+3)*n+1 chu k my, v tnh gn ng l 2mn chu k. Lu l khi tnh gn ng th vng lp bn trong phi c s ln lp ln th mi m bo c sai s nh. Vi xung vung 1Hz, tc l chu k l 1s, thi gian tr cn to l 500ms cho mi thi gian mc cao v mc thp. Ngi lp trnh c th dng 3 vng lp lng vo nhau vi s ln lp ln lt l 10, 100, v 250 ln (1 chu k my mt khong 1us). Ngoi ra cng nn s dng chng trnh con d thit k chng trnh hn v c kh nng tn dng li. Kim tra Bin dch, thc thi v kim tra hot ng ca chng trnh. Th thay i tn s xung vung thnh 0.5Hz vi thi gian mc cao v thp tng ng l 30% v 70%, tc l duty cycle l 30%. TH NGHIM 3 Mc tiu Nm c cch thc to tr s dng Timer. Yu cu Vit chng trnh to xung vung 1Hz dng Timer0.
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Hng dn Trong th nghim 2, vng lp lnh c dng tiu hao thi gian ca vi iu khin. Trong th nghim ny, ngi lp trnh s dng Timer. Timer (b nh th) thng c dng o khong thi gian. Thc cht Timer l mt b m vi xung m c tn s c nh v bit trc. Khi xc nh c s xung m v bit chu k ca xung th c th tnh c thi gian. Timer ca 8051 c th hot ng ch 8-bit hoc 16-bit. Ty theo s xung m cn nhiu hay t m c th cu hnh Timer ch tng ng. Timer l ngoi vi on-chip ca 8051, cu hnh v iu khin ngoi vi ny, ngi lp trnh c th truy xut vo cc thanh ghi tng ng trong vng SFR (a ch 80h n FFh). i vi Timer l cc thanh ghi TMOD, THx, TLx, TCON. Trong , THx v TLx cha gi tr hin thi ca b m xung. V d, cu hnh Timer0 hot ng ch 8-bit
MOV TMOD, #02h

khi to gi tr u cho Timer0

MOV MOV TH0, #HIGH(-50000) ; gi tr khi ng l -50000 TL0, #LOW(-50000)

ch ht khong thi gian nh trc, ngi lp trnh c th quan st c TFx. C ny s ln 1 mi khi Timerx b trn, tc l gi tr b m xung quay tr li gi tr 0 (zero)
JNB TF0, $ ; ch Timer0 trn sau 50000 chu k my

ci tin, ngi lp trnh c th tn dng kh nng ngt ca Timer. Lc ny thay v ch Timer trn nh cu lnh trn, ngi lp trnh c th yu cu ngt Timer xy ra khi trn. Mt chng trnh phc v ngt s c gi p ng li s kin ngt ny. Ngi lp trnh ch cn cho php ngt hot ng nh thanh ghi IE v vit on chng trnh phc v ngt tng ng. Kim tra Bin dch, thc thi v kim tra chng trnh. Vit chng trnh tn dng ngt Timer0 to xung. TH NGHIM 4 Yu cu Vit chng trnh lm cho led ni n chn P1.0 chp tt vi tn s c th tng (hoc gim) bng cch nhn nt ni n chn P1.1 (hoc P1.2). Chu k chp tt trung bnh c chn l 1s. Hng dn Ngi lp trnh c th tng hoc gim tn s to xung bng cch thay i thi gian ca chng trnh con to tr. Lc ny, cc thng s to tr (v d s ln lp) khng phi l cc hng s bit trc na m s thay i ty theo phm tng hoc gim c nhn. C nhiu cch c th thay i gi tr ny.
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Cch n gin nht l s dng cc bin cha cc thng s ca chng trnh to tr. Cc bin ny nn c chn l cc nh ni (tc l t 08h n 7Fh). Mi khi nt tng (hoc gim) c nhn, ngi lp trnh cn gim (hoc tng) s ln lp to tr. Nh vy, thi gian to tr s ngn (hoc di) hn trc , tc l tn s dao ng s thay i. Cch thc truy xut n nt nhn v led c dng u l thng qua chc nng I/O port. Nh vy, cn lu n vic ci t cu hnh cho nt nhn v led. Kim tra Bin dch, thc thi v kim tra chng trnh. Th thay i tn s dao ng trung tm thnh 0.5s.

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TH NGHIM HIN TH DNG LED 7 ON

L THUYT C BN
Led 7 on thng c dng hin th cc ch s hoc ch ci n gin. Giao tip ny cho php ngi khng rnh v k thut cng c th s dng h thng thng qua vic c cc thng tin hin th trn led. V d nhiu led 7 on c th c dng hin th s in thoi ti cc bung gi in thoi cng cng, hoc cc gi tr giy ti cc trc n giao thng. Cu to ca led 7 on gm 8 led n c ni chung cc anode (dng led anode chung) hoc ni chung cc cathode (dng led cathode chung). Cc on led n ny c t tn l a, b, c, d, e, f, g v du chm dp. hin th mt gi tr ln led 7 on, cn cp in p ln chn chung v cc tn hiu iu khin on tng t nh iu khin cc led n.

Led 7 on dng anode chung

hin th mt gi tr s ln led 7 on, ngi lp trnh cn xut cc gi tr iu khin cc led a, b,, g v dp. Tuy nhin, d liu trong cc h thng vi x l thng tn ti di dng nh phn, dng ny khng th trc tip hin th ln led 7 on. Do cn phi thc hin chuyn i t m biu din nh phn sang m biu din ln led 7 on. Vic chuyn i ny c th thc hin bng phn cng vi vi mch chuyn m hoc dng phn mm (phng php tra bng, look-up table).

THIT K PHN CNG

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S thit k khi led 7 on

Khi led 7 on trn EME-MC8 gm c 4 led anode chung dng vi mch 74x47 chuyn t m BCD (mt dng m nh phn trong h thng vi x l) sang m 7 on (m cho php hin th ln led 7 on). Khi led 7 on c thit k hot ng vi c ch 3 bus. Trong c ch ny, Port0 v Port2 c dng lm bus d liu v bus a ch. Hai tn hiu c ghi ca bus iu khin nm trn Port3. Mi ngoi vi hoc b nh trong ch 3 bus s c gn a ch thng qua mch gii m a ch. D liu cn c ghi ra mt vi mch cht 74x573 v bus d liu thng thng trng thi HiZ. Trong s thit k khi led 7 on ca EME-MC8 trn, 4 bit thp ca bus d liu s c dng cha m BCD ca s cn hin th, 4 bit cao cha tn hiu iu khin kha ca mi led. Gi tr BCD s i qua vi mch chuyn m 74x47, ng ra ca vi mch ny l cc tn hiu li cc on A n G ca led 7 on dng anode chung. Cc tn hiu d liu v iu khin c ly t ng ra ca vi mch cht 573. l do bus d liu ca MCU c tnh Hi-Z, nn khi ht chu k truy xut, cc ng d liu s mt ht gi tr. Vi mch cht 573 gip m bo d liu vn tip tc tn ti sau khi MCU khng cn truy xut n khi led (MCU phi lin tc hin th tng led sau mt khong
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thi gian nht nh, thng l vi ms). Tn hiu cho php cht 573 tch cc mc cao v c to ra bng cch NOR tn hiu gii m a ch nCS0 t 74x138 vi tn hiu cho php ghi nWR. a ch ca 573 ny l 0000h. Cng theo s trn, v tn hiu on A n F ca cc led 7 on c ni chung nn tt c cc led 7 on u nhn c cng mt d liu khi MCU truy xut n. Tuy nhin ch c duy nht 1 led 7 on c php hin th bng cch m kha BJT cho led . Tn hiu mc 0 ti cc B ca BJT A1015 s lm cho BJT dn bo ha v cc C ca BJT s c gi tr gn 5V (gn bng in th ti cc E) cung cp ngun 5V cho led 7 on.

PHN MM GIAO TIP

Mt ngoi vi hoc b nh d liu ngoi (off-chip) c thit k hot ng vi c ch 3 bus c th c truy xut bng cu lnh MOVX. Cu lnh ny cha cc thng tin gm a ch ca ngoi vi hoc nh cn truy xut, dng lnh l c hoc ghi. MOVX A, @DPTR ; c ngoi vi ti a ch trong DPTR vo A Khi cu lnh c c thc thi, 8051 s thc hin cc bc sau: t a ch cn c ln bus a ch A0-A15 (tc l Port0 v Port2), gi tr ny s lm cho tn hiu gii m a ch tng ng c php tch cc. Ra lnh c bng tn hiu iu khin nRD (bit P3.7). a d liu c c t bn ngoi vo thanh ghi A thng qua bus d liu (Port0). MOVX @DPTR, A ; ghi A ra ngoi vi ti a ch trongDPTR Khi cu lnh ghi c thc thi, 8051 s thc hin cc bc sau: t a ch cn ghi ln bus a ch A0-A15, gi tr ny s lm cho tn hiu gii m a ch tng ng c php tch cc. t d liu trong thanh ghi A ln bus d liu. Ra lnh ghi bng tn hiu nWR (bit P3.6).

Gin nh th ca lnh c/ghi ngoi vi trong ch 3 bus

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iu quan trng trong vic hin th mt gi tr ln led 7 on l cn phi chuyn biu din ca gi tr tnh ton trong MCU (thng l dng nh phn) sang dng hin th c ln led 7 on (thng gi l m 7 on). Vi phng php gii m phn cng, gi tr cn ghi ra vi mch chuyn m 74x47 phi l m BCD. Nh vy trong chng trnh, ngi lp trnh cn chuyn t gi tr nh phn cn hin th sang dng m BCD. V d, hin th gi tr 25h (tc l gi tr 37 thp phn), ngi lp trnh cn chuyn gi tr 25h ny thnh hai s BCD l 3 v 7 (thng c biu din trong h thng l 37h). Sau ln lt ghi ra led 7 on tng ng. Hm thc hin vic chuyn i ny thng c gi l BIN2BCD (Binary to BCD). hin th c nhiu led 7 on, ngi thit k c th dng mt trong hai phng php ch yu. Th nht l phng php qut led (4 led 7 on ca EME-MC8 c hin th bng phng php qut led). Trong phng php ny mt led 7 on s c hin th trong mt khong thi gian nht nh sau s chuyn sang hin th led 7 on khc. Chu trnh ny c lp lin tc vi tc hin th tng cng ca cc led 7 on phi m bo ln hn 24 hnh/s (tc l ti a l 40ms cho mt ln hin th tt c cc led). c th dng phng php qut led, tn hiu iu khin cc on A n G ca cc led c ni chung. Tuy nhin cc led s khng hin th d liu ging nhau v tn hiu cp ngun cho led s c iu khin thng qua mt kha dng BJT nh s mch. Phng php hin th th hai l phng php cht led. Lc ny ngun cp cho mi led lun c m, tuy nhin mi led s c cc tn hiu iu khin on A n G ring bit v thng l ng ra ca mt vi mch cht v d nh 74x573. Phng php ny i hi phi c mt s lng vi mch cht bng vi s lng led 7 on. Mun hin th ln led, ngi lp trnh ch cn ghi m hin th ca led ra vi mch cht tng ng. a ch truy xut n vi mch cht 573 ca khi led 7 on l 0000h. l do tn hiu cho php c to ra t chn nCS0 ca mch gii m a ch dng 74x138

S mch gii m a ch

TH NGHIM 1 Mc tiu Nm c cch thc hin th ln led 7 on s dng vi mch chuyn m. Yu cu

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Vit chng trnh thc hin b m t 0 n 9 v hin th ln led 7 on, mi ln cch nhau 2s. Hng dn Nh thy thit k phn cng, c th hin th mt s ln led 7 on, ngi lp trnh cn xut gi tr BCD ca s cn hin th ra 4 bit thp ca vi mch 573, 4 bit cao s c dng chn led no c php sng. Gi s led 7 on bn tri c dng hin th gi tr m, nh vy, gi tr ca 4 bit cao s l 0111. V 573 c thit k giao tip vi MCU thng qua c ch 3 bus nn ngi lp trnh cn dng lnh MOVX dng ghi, trong DPTR tr n a ch 0000h. Trong th nghim ny, v ch c 1 led c hin th nn khng cn phi thc hin qut led. Ngi lp trnh ch cn xut gi tr s ra led, ch 2s v xut ra gi tr k tip. MOV MOV MOVX A, #0E0h @DPTR, A ; hin th 0 ln led 7 on ; ghi gi tr ra 573 DPTR, #0000h ; tr n 573 ca khi led 7 on

d hn trong vic ghi 10 gi tr t 0 n 9 ra led 7 on, ngi lp trnh c th s dng phng php tra bng tn dng kh nng dng vng lp, trong ni dung bng tra chnh l 10 gi tr s ln lt c xut ra 573 TABLE: DB 0E0h, 0E1h, 0E2h, ... Cu lnh sau cho php tra ly ni dung trong bng MOV MOV MOVC Kim tra Bin dch, thc thi v kim tra chng trnh. TH NGHIM 2 Mc tiu Nm c cch thc hin th nhiu led 7 on. Yu cu Vit chng trnh hin th gi tr 1234 ln 4 led 7 on. Hng dn Cch thc ghi gi tr ra 1 led tng t nh trong th nghim 1. Tuy nhin, tn hiu cho php led s ln lt c tch cc hin th 4 gi tr ln 4 led 7 on khc nhau. Nh vy, 4 bit cao s ln lt c cc gi tr l 0111, 1011, 1101, 1110; v 4 bit thp s DPTR, #TABLE ; tr n bng tra A, #0 ; th t ca phn t cn ly trong bng A, @A+DPTR ; A = 0E0h

Gia 2 ln xut d liu cn gi chng trnh con to tr 2s.

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cha m BCD ca s cn hin th ra led (tc l 0001, 0010, 0011, 0100). Ngi lp trnh cng c th s dng phng php tra bng nh th nghim trn TABLE: DB 071h, 0B2h, 0D3h, 0E4h Mt im quan trng ca phng php qut led l thi gian tr gia hai ln xut led. Thi gian qut ht 4 led phi m bo yu t lu nh trong mt. Thng thng thi gian hin th 1 led 7 on nn c chn l t 1ms n 3ms. Nh vy, mt ln qut ht 4 led s mt khong 4ms n 12ms. Kim tra Bin dch, thc thi v kim tra chng trnh. Thay i chng trnh gi tr 1234 c th c hin th thng qua m BCD nn cha trong cp thanh ghi R7:R6. Bit R7 l MSB. TH NGHIM 3 Mc tiu Phn bit c cc dng biu din trong h thng. Bit cch chuyn i t m nh phn sang m BCD. Yu cu Vit chng trnh hin th gi tr nh phn trong thanh ghi R7 ln led 7 on. Hng dn Ni dung quan trng cn nm c trong phn ny l cch thc chuyn t gi tr nh phn sang m BCD. Trong th nghim ny, thanh ghi R7 cha gi tr nh phn ca s cn hin th. V d nu R7 = A0h = 16010 th cn hin th gi tr 160 ln 4 led 7 on (m BCD hin th ln lt l 1h, 6h, v 0h). Nh vy r rng gi tr hin th cn phi c chuyn i sang nhiu s BCD nn. V R7 c rng l 1 byte nn gi tr ti a c th hin th l 255, nh vy ch cn ti a 3 led 7 on. Cch thc chuyn t nh phn sang m BCD l chia gi tr nh phn cho 10 hai ln. Kt qu ca tng ln chia s cho ra m BCD nn ca cc s hng n v, chc, v trm. Kim tra Bin dch, thc thi v kim tra chng trnh.

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TH NGHIM HIN TH DNG LCD

L THUYT C BN
c th hin th thng tin linh hot v tit kim nng lng, h thng c th s dng module LCD. C nhiu loi module LCD, trong thng dng l loi hin th 2 hng 16 k t. Module LCD c th c dng hin th cc thng tin dng k t. V c tch hp sn b li LCD nn vic iu khin module LCD tng i n gin. Cc tn hiu iu khin module LCD gn ging vi cc tn hiu ca mt MCU hot ng theo c ch 3 bus. Module LCD c thit k chun cho php ta c th giao tip vi LCD do mt hng bt k sn xut vi iu kin l cc LCD c s dng cng IC iu khin HD44780. Phn ln cc module LCD s dng giao tip 14 chn trong c 8 ng d liu, 3 ng iu khin v 3 ng cp ngun. Kt ni c b tr di dng 1 hng 14 chn hoc 2 hng 7 chn. Cc chn 1 v 2 l cc chn cp ngun Vss, Vdd. Chn 3 Vee l chn iu khin tng phn ca mn hnh. Chn 4 l ng RS, y l chn iu khin lnh. Khi RS = 0 th d liu ghi vo LCD c hiu l cc lnh, d liu c t LCD c hiu l trng thi ca n. Chn 5 l ng iu khin c ghi R/nW, mc thp s cho php ghi vo LCD, mc cao cho php c ra t LCD. Chn 6 l ng iu khin cho php E. Cc chn cn li cha d liu 8-bit vo hoc ra LCD. Chn s Tn Chc nng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 VSS VDD VEE RS R/W E D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 t Cc + ca ngun in Tng phn (constrast) Register Select (Chn thanh ghi) Read/Write Cho php (Enable) Bit 0 ca d liu Bit 1 ca d liu Bit 2 ca d liu Bit 3 ca d liu Bit 4 ca d liu Bit 5 ca d liu Bit 6 ca d liu Bit 7 ca d liu

Chc nng cc chn ca LCD

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Module LCD c iu khin thng qua mt tp lnh chun. Bng sau tm tt cc lnh iu khin LCD. Command (Lnh) NOP (No operation = khng lm g c) Clear display (xa hin th) Display & Cursor home (hin th v t cursor gc tri pha trn) Character Entry mode (Ch nhp k t) Display On/Off & Cursor (Tt m hin th v cursor) Display/Cursor Shift (Dch curson/hin th) Function set (t chc nng) Set CGRAM address (t a ch 0 0 0 1 A A A A A A 0 0 0 0 1 8/4 2/1 10/7 x x 20 n 3F 40 n 7F 0 0 0 0 0 1 D/C R/L x x 10 n 1F 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 D U B 08 n 0F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I/D S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 x 02 hoc 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 01 0 0 RS RW Nh phn D7 D6 D5 D4 0 0 0 0 D3 0 D2 0 D1 D0 0 0 00 Hex

04 n 07

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HNG DN TH NGHIM

CGRAM) Set DDRAM address (t a ch DDRAM) Busy Flag & Addr (C bn v b m a ch) Read Data (c d liu t CGRAM hoc DDRAM) Write Data (Ghi d liu vo CGRAM hoc DDRAM) Ch thch: I/D: 1 =Increment *, 0=Decrement S: 1 = Display shift on, 0 = Display shift off * D: 1 = Display on, 0 = Diaplay off
*

80 n FF

BF

B m a ch

D liu c

D liu ghi

R/L: 1 = Right shift, 0 = Left shift 8/4: 1 = 8 bit interface *, 0 = 4 bit interface 2/1: 1 = ch 2 hng, 0 = ch 1 hng * 10/7: 1=5x10 dot format, 0=5x7 dot format *

U: 1 = Cursor underline on, 0=Underline off * B: 1 = Cursor blink on, 0 = cursor blink off
*

x = dont care

* = t ban u

D/C: 1 = Display shift, 0 = cursor move

Tm tt tp lnh iu khin LCD

Cc d liu c hin th ln LCD da vo mt tp k t chun. Cc d liu 8-bit s c chuyn thnh k t hin th da trn bng k t chun ny.

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Bng k t chun cho LCD

nh th giao tip cc tn hiu iu khin ca LCD c th c xem thm trong m t k thut ca vi mch HD44780.

THIT K PHN CNG

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S thit k giao tip LCD

LCD c thit k hot ng vi c ch 3 bus, tc l phi bt ON SW_CC1 v SW_CC3. 8 ng d liu D0-D7 cha d liu hin th hoc lnh iu khin LCD c ghi vo LCD thng qua vi mch cht 74x573, trong tn hiu cho php cht CS c to ra t mch gii m a ch. Hai tn hiu iu khin E v RS ca LCD c kt ni n P3.4 v P3.5 ca 8051. Ngi s dng phi bt ON hai switch ny trn SW_CC4 c th iu khin LCD. Nh vy, SW_CC4 phi bt ON tng cng 6 switch tng ng vi cc bit 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 ca Port 3, tc l cc tn hiu RXD, TXD, E, RS, nWR, nRD

Ci t SW_CC4 ca Port 3

PHN MM GIAO TIP

V giao tip thng qua c ch 3 bus nn ngi lp trnh cn dng cu lnh MOVX phi hp vi vic iu khin hai tn hiu E (P3.4) v RS (P3.5) truy xut LCD theo ng nh th ghi. iu khin LCD, trc tin cn khi ng v t cu hnh cho LCD. Vic ny c thc hin bng cch gi mt s lnh khi ng n LCD. Lnh th nht m ta gi bo cho LCD bit ta s giao tip vi n thng qua bus d liu 4-bit hay 8-bit. Ta cng chn font k t l 5x8. iu ny c thc hin bng cch gi lnh 38h

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n LCD. Lu l ng RS phi gi mc thp bo cho LCD bit ang nhn lnh. Tip theo ta cn gi lnh 0Eh. Lnh ny dng bt LCD v tt con tr k t. Byte th 3 c gi thm ci t mt s tham s hot ng ca LCD. V d ta c th gi lnh 06h ra lnh cho con tr t ng dch phi mi khi ta gi mt k t hin th cho n. Lnh MOVX c th c dng truy xut n module LCD vi DPTR cha a ch ca thao tc c th. m bo module LCD hon tt mt thao tc iu khin, ngi lp trnh c th dng mt trong hai phng php. Cch th nht l s dng chng trnh con to tr ch module hon thnh lnh hin thi. Thi gian ch c th ca module LCD cn phi xem c th trong m t k thut ca vi mch HD44780. Cch th hai l sau mi ln truy xut n module LCD, ngi lp trnh cn lin tc c trng thi ca module LCD v kim tra bit th 7 ca byte trng thi nhn c. Nu bit ny l 1 th LCD vn cn ang bn, chng trnh cn tip tc ch. Nu bit ny l 0 th LCD hon tt thao tc hin thi v sn sng cho thap tc iu khin khc. MOVX JB TH NGHIM 1 Mc tiu Nm c cch thc giao tip v iu khin LCD. Yu cu Vit chng trnh hin th chui Hello ln LCD. Hng dn Khi LCD c kt ni vi 8051 thng qua c ch 3 bus, trong 8 ng d liu ca LCD c ni n bus d liu ca MCU, 3 ng iu khin c ni n ng ra ca khi gii m a ch. Nh vy lnh MOVX sau c th c dng c hoc ghi LCD, trong DPTR cha a ch ca thao tc tng ng MOVX MOVX A, @DPTR @DPTR, A ; lnh c LCD ; lnh ghi LCD A, @DPTR ; c trng thi LCD ; nu khng th tip tc ACC.7, wait ; nu busy th nhy n wait

Trc tin cn khi ng LCD theo m t phn trn. Sau , ln lt ghi m ca cc k t H, e, l, l, o n LCD theo bng k t ca LCD. Lu l sau mi ln truy xut module LCD cn ch cho thao tc hin thi c hon tt trc khi bt u thao tc khc. d dng hn trong vic ly cc k t v xut ra LCD, ngi lp trnh c th dng phng php tra bng nh sau Message: DB Hello

Nn thit k chng trnh bng cch s dng cc chng trnh con c th s dng li. V d, mt chng trnh con c tn lcd_init c nhim v khi ng module LCD,
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HNG DN TH NGHIM

chng trnh con write_char c nhim v ghi 1 byte d liu hin th n LCD, chng trnh con write_command c nhim v ghi 1 byte lnh n LCD. Kim tra Bin dch v kim tra hot ng ca chng trnh.

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HNG DN TH NGHIM

TH NGHIM GIAO TIP QUA CNG NI TIP

L THUYT C BN
Truyn thng ni tip l mt phn rt quan trng trong cc h thng x l. i vi 8051, vic truyn ni tip c thc hin thng qua ngoi vi cng ni tip. Ngoi vi ny cho php ngi lp trnh giao tip vi bn ngoi thng qua giao thc truyn ni tip 8 bit d liu, 1 stop bit. Tc truyn c th lp trnh c bng phn mm.

Khung truyn ni tip bt ng b

Khi khng c d liu gi th ng tn hiu duy tr trng thi cao (trng thi Mark). Bt u ca mt k t d liu c ch bi mc thp trong thi gian 1 bit. Bit ny c gi l bit bt u (Start bit). Ri sau cc bit d liu c gi ra trn ng tn hiu ln lt tng bit mt (bt u vi LSB). T d liu c th 5, 6, 7, hoc 8 bit v c th theo sau l bit kim tra chn l P (Parity bit). Tip theo cc bit d liu v P (nu c s dng kim tra chn l), ng tn hiu c tr v mc cao trong t nht thi gian 1 bit gip nhn bit kt thc k t. Bit ny cn gi l bit dng (Stop bit), mt s h thng c c th s dng 2 bit dng. Thut ng tc baud dng ch tc d liu ni tip c truyn. Tc baud c nh ngha l 1/(thi gian gia nhng chuyn tip tn hiu). Th d: Nu tn hiu thay i c sau 3.33 ms th tc baud l 1/3.33ms = 300 bd (hay baud). Ch l tc ny tng qut th khc vi tc nh ngha theo bps (bits/giy). Cc tc baud thng dng l 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, v 19200 baud (hin nay cc s ny cn cao hn na, thng gii hn vi truyn bt ng b l 100000 baud). B th nghim EME-MC8 s dng cng ni tip ny giao tip vi chng trnh HyperTerminal trn my tnh, t cho php ngi dng c th s dng cc chc nng ca chng trnh monitor. Trong thc t, cng ni tip ca 8051 c th giao tip vi cng RS-232 trn my tnh thng qua mt vi mch chuyn i t TTL sang RS-232 nh MAX232. Vic truyn thng tin ch cn 3 dy TXD, RXD, v GND nu khng dng bt tay bng phn cng.

THIT K PHN CNG

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Trn EME-MC8, cng ni tip ca 8051 c ni n cng DB9 trn mch thng qua vi mch chuyn i t TTL sang RS-232 (MAX232). iu ny cho php kt ni DB9 vi cng COM trn my tnh giao tip.
Chn ca DB25 (chn s) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 20 22 Chn ca DB9 (chn s) 3 2 7 8 6 5 1 4 9 Vit tt TD RD RTS CTS DSR SG CD DTR RI Tn y Transmit Data Receive Data Request To Send Clear To Send Data Set Ready Signal Ground Carrier Detect Data Terminal Ready Ring Indicator

S chn kt ni DB9 v DB25

Hai tn hiu dng cho giao tip l TXD v RXD trn Port 3 ca 8051. Nh vy, ngi lp trnh cn bt ON hai switch ny (ca SW_CC4) c th dng cng ni tip.

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HNG DN TH NGHIM

S kt ni cng ni tip v ci t switch tng ng

PHN MM GIAO TIP

truyn nhn d liu thng qua cng ni tip, ngi lp trnh ch cn khi ng n bng cc thao tc: truy xut thanh ghi SMOD ci t ch lm vic; truy xut Timer 1 iu khin tc baud (EME-MC8 s dng thch anh 11.0592MHz, cho php to tc baud vi sai s l 0%). MOV MOV SMOD, #52h ; khi ng ch 2 TH1, #... ; ci t tc

c th ghi hoc c d liu t cng ni tip, ngi lp trnh cn truy xut thanh ghi SBUF bng cc chng trnh con JNB CLR MOV Hoc JNB CLR MOV TH NGHIM 1 Mc tiu Nm c cch thc iu khin cng ni tip. Yu cu Vit chng trnh pht chui k t Hello, world ln my tnh thng qua HyperTerminal vi tc 9600pbs. Hng dn Kim tra RI, $ RI A, SBUF ; ch nhn xong 1 byte ; nhn byte k ; byte k nm trong A TI, $ TI SBUF, A ; ch pht xong byte trc ; chun b pht byte k ; pht

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HNG DN TH NGHIM

Bin dch v kim tra hot ng ca chng trnh. TH NGHIM 2 Yu cu Vit chng trnh nhn cc k t t my tnh gi n EME-MC8 thng qua HyperTerminal (bng cch g cc k t trn bn phm khi ang trong chng trnh HyperTerminal) v hin th ln LCD. Hng dn Kim tra Bin dch v kim tra hot ng ca chng trnh. TH NGHIM 3 Yu cu Vit chng trnh nhn mt k t t cng ni tip hin th ln LCD ng thi pht ra cng ni tip. Tc ty chn.

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HNG DN TH NGHIM

TH NGHIM IU KHIN ADC

L THUYT C BN
Vi mch ADC c s dng chuyn i cc tn hiu t dng tng t sang dng s. Cng cn phi ni thm v tn hiu tng t. l cc tn hiu lin tc trong min thi gian v bin . Trong thc t, hu ht cc tn hiu vt l u tn ti di dng tng t. Mun x l c cc tn hiu ny bng cc h thng s th cn phi chuyn i cc tn hiu tng t ny sang dng s v vi mch ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) thc hin cng vic .

THIT K PHN CNG

EME-MC8 s dng vi mch chuyn i ADC0809. S kt ni nh hnh sau

S kt ni vi ADC0809

C th thy l ADC0809 c thit k giao tip vi 8051 thng qua c ch 3 bus. Tn hiu gii m a ch cho ADC c ly ra t mch gii m a ch 74x138. Cc tn hiu iu khin ch yu l START v OE u c t hp t tn hiu gii m a ch nCS2. Tn s chuyn i ca ADC (tn hiu CLK) c chia ra t tn hiu dao ng ca 8051 bng IC m 74x393. Tn hiu EOC (tch cc khi chuyn i xong c ni n header s dng khi cn). ADC0809 c th chuyn i ln n 8 knh. Trong knh 0 c ni sn n mt bin tr ngi s dng c th th nghim hot ng ca ADC mt cch nhanh chng. chn knh, 3 ng a ch thp ca bus a ch (A0, A1, A2) c s dng. Nh vy, ngi lp trnh c th truy xut n 8 a ch thp nht ca nCS2 truy xut n 8 knh ny.

PHN MM GIAO TIP

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V ADC0809 c thit k hot ng vi c ch 3 bus v tn hiu gii m a ch l t chn nCS2 nn ngi lp trnh cn dng cc lnh truy xut khng gian b nh d liu ngoi truy cp ADC, c th l lnh MOVX. Cc bc c th gm: th nht, ngi lp trnh cn yu cu ADC0809 thc hin chuyn i mt knh c th bng cch tch cc tn hiu START v 3 ng a ch (dng tn hiu ALE). Vi kt ni phn cng ny, khi tn hiu START tch cc th ng ALE cng tch cc. Nh vy ch cn dng mt lnh ghi ra ngoi vi ti a ch tng ng l c MOV MOVX DPTR, #nCS2 ; kt hp a ch ADC vi a ch knh @DPTR, A ; ra lnh chuyn i knh tng ng

Sau khi ch mt khong thi gian (thng ly khong 100us), hoc ch mc tch cc trn chn EOC, ngi lp trnh cn c t ADC bng cch tch cc chn OE. iu ny cng c thc hin bng lnh c ngoi vi MOVX TH NGHIM 1 Mc tiu Nm c cch thc iu khin ADC0809. Yu cu Vit chng trnh thc hin c in p ca bin tr trn knh 0 v hin th ra led 7 on. Hng dn Kim tra Bin dch, thc thi v kim tra hot ng ca chng trnh. TH NGHIM 2 Mc tiu Yu cu Vit chng trnh thc hin c in p ca knh 0 v hin th ln LCD. Hng dn Kim tra Bin dch, thc thi v kim tra hot ng ca chng trnh. A, @DPTR

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TH NGHIM GIAO TIP CM BIN NHIT

L THUYT C BN
DS18S20 l vi mch s o C 9-bit vi chc nng cnh bo khi nhit vt qu mt ngng trn hoc di lp trnh c. Vi mch thng tin trn bus 1 dy (1-Wire bus), tc l ch cn 1 chn port thng tin gia cm bin v MCU. Tm o ca vi mch trong khong -55oC n +125oC vi chnh xc ti a l 0.5oC. Bn cnh , DS18S20 c th c cp ngun trc tip thng qua ng d liu. Mi DS18S20 c cha mt m ni tip 64-bit duy nht, iu cho php nhiu vi mch c th cng hot ng trn cng bus 1 dy. DS18S20 gm 3 chn: GND, DQ, v VDD, trong DQ l chn vo v ra ca d liu. Giao thc bus 1 dy (1-Wire) l mt giao thc c Dallas nh ngha. ng iu khin cn c in tr ko ln v tt c cc vi mch u c kt ni n bus thng qua 1 cng 3 trng thi hoc cc mng h (chn DQ). Trong h thng bus ny, MCU (master) nhn dng v nh a ch cc vi mch trn bus bng m a ch 64-bit. V mi vi mch c mt m nhn dng 64-bit duy nht nn gn nh l khng gii hn s vi mch kt ni trn bus.

S khi DS18S20 Chc nng ct li ca DS18S20 l chuyn i trc tip nhit thnh tn hiu s. Ng ra cm bin nhit c phn gii 9-bit, tng ng 0.5oC mi bc. DS18S20 khi ng trng thi ngh cng sut thp, khi ng o nhit v chuyn i tng t sang s, MCU (master) phi thc hin lnh Convert T [44h]. Sau khi chuyn i, kt qu c lu vo thanh ghi nhit 2-byte trong b nh v DS18S20 tr li trng thi ngh. D liu ng ra ca DS18S20 c hiu chnh theo C. D liu nhit c lu tr di dng s b 2 16-bit (m rng du). Bit du (S) ch nhit dng (S=0) hay m (S=1).

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nh dng thanh ghi nhit

Mi quan h gia d liu s v nhit Sau khi DS18S20 thc hin chuyn i nhit , gi tr ny c so snh vi gi tr nhit cnh bo c lu trong 2 thanh ghi 8-bit TH v TL. Tuy nhin ch cc bit t 8 n 1 trong thanh ghi nhit c so snh. Nu nhit ngoi ngng, tc l cao hn TH hoc thp hn TL, th mt iu kin cnh bo xut hin v c cnh bo c t ln bn trong DS18S20. Nu nhit tr li bnh thng th iu kin cnh bo b tt ln chuyn i nhit k tip.

nh dng thanh ghi TH v TL B nh DS18S20 c t chc nh sau

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Bn b nh DS18S20 B nh DS18S20 bao gm b nh RAM v b nh EEPROM lu tr thanh ghi cnh bo TH v TL. Byte 0 v 1 ca b nh RAM cha LSB v MSB ca thanh ghi nhit . Cc byte ny l ch c. Byte 2 v 3 dng truy xut thanh ghi TH v TL. Byte 4 v 5 c dnh ring s dng bn trong vi mch. Byte 6 v 7 cha cc thanh ghi COUNT REMAIN v COUNT PER oC, c dng tnh cc kt qu phn gii m rng (xem thm trong m t k thut ca DS18S20, phn OPERATION MEASURING TEMPERATURE). Byte 8 l byte ch c v cha CRC ca byte t 0 n 7 ca b nh RAM. D liu c vit vo byte 2 v 3 ca RAM s dng lnh Write Scratchpad [4Eh]; d liu c pht vi LSB ca byte 2. B nh RAM c th c c s dng lnh Read Scratchpad [BEh] sau khi vit d liu. Khi c b nh RAM, d liu c pht vi LSB ca byte 0. chuyn TH v TL t RAM vo b nh EEPROM, MCU (master) phi thc thi lnh Copy Scratchpad [48h]. H thng bus 1 dy (1-Wire bus) H thng ny s dng mt master (ch ca bus) iu khin mt hoc nhiu slave (t ca bus). DS18S20 lun l slave. Khi ch c mt slave, h thng c gi l single-drop, khi c nhiu slave, h thng c gi l multi-drop. Tt c d liu v lnh u c pht vi LSB trc tin. Mi thit b giao tip vi ng d liu thng qua cng 3 trng thi hoc cc mng h. Kh nng ny cho php thit b gii phng ng d liu khi thit b khng pht d liu n bus, do bus c sn cc thit b khc s dng. Bus 1 dy cn mt in tr ko ln khong 5k, do trng thi ngh ca bus l mc cao. Nu bus c gi mc thp nhiu hn 480s, cc thit b trn bus s b reset. Chui thao tc truy xut DS18S20 nh sau: Khi ng: bao gm mt xung reset c pht bi master, v xung c mt c pht bi slave.
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nh th khi ng Lnh ROM: sau khi master pht hin c s c mt ca slave, n c th ra lnh ROM. Cc lnh ny hot ng trn cc m 64-bit duy nht ca mi slave v cho php master truy xut n mt thit b c th trn bus. Cc lnh ny cng cho php master xc nh loi v s lng thit b trn bus. C 5 lnh ROM, mi lnh di 8bit, bao gm SEARCH ROM [F0h], READ ROM [33h], MATCH ROM [55h], SKIP ROM [CCh], ALARM SEARCH [ECh]. Lnh chc nng DS18S20: sau khi master dng lnh ROM xc nh c slave m n cn thng tin, master c th ra cc lnh chc nng DS18S20. Cc lnh ny bao gm: CONVERT T [44h], WRITE SCRATCHPAD [4Eh], READ SCRATCHPAD [BEh], COPY SCRATCHPAD [48h], RECALL E2 [B8h], READ POWER SUPPLY [B4h].

nh th khe thi gian c/ghi

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Lu lnh ROM

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Lu lnh chc nng DS18S20 Chui thao tc ny l bt buc cho mi ln truy xut DS18S20.

THIT K PHN CNG

Tn hiu giao tip gia 8051 v DS18S20 thng qua chun 1-Wire l P3.2. Nh vy, ngi s dng cn bt ON switch ny trn SW-CC4.

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S kt ni DS18S20

PHN MM GIAO TIP

Ngi lp trnh cn dng cc lnh SETB, CLR thao tc trn bit P3.2 theo giao thc iu khin DS18S20. TH NGHIM 1 Mc tiu Nm c cch thc s dng giao thc 1-Wire. Bit cch iu khin cm bin nhit DS18S20. Yu cu Vit chng trnh o v hin th nhit phng ln LCD. Hng dn Ngi lp trnh c th s dng th vin giao tip DS18S20 c cung cp km theo b th nghim cho chng trnh ca mnh. Tuy nhin, iu quan trng l cn nm c cch thc hot ng ca chng trnh. Kim tra Bin dch, thc thi v kim tra hot ng ca chng trnh.

TH NGHIM VI VI MCH DAC MCP4922

L THUYT C BN

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Vi mch chuyn i DAC c s dng chuyn tn hiu t dng s sang dng tng t. DAC thng c dng to ng ra giao tip gia h thng s vi th gii analog bn ngoi. Vi mch DAC MCP4922 l vi mch chuyn i s sang tng t 12-bit dng giao tip SPI ca Microchip. Di y l bng chc nng chn ca vi mch

Chn VDD l ng vo ngun cung cp dng, in p c th thay i t 2.7V n 5.5V. Chn nCS l chn ng vo cho php ca vi mch. Chn ny phi c gi mc thp cho php vi mch lm vic. SCK l ng vo clock ni tip. SDI l chn ng vo d liu ni tip tng thch SPI. Ng vo nLDAC mc thp s cho php chuyn thanh ghi cht ng vo sang thanh ghi DAC.(cht ng ra). Chn ny cng c th ni n GND nu dng cnh ln ca nCS. Chn nSHDN mc thp s lm cho DAC vo trng thi ngh. Cc ng ra DAC l VOUTA v VOUTB. Tn hiu ng ra ny thay i gia AVSS v VDD, trong chn AVSS l chn GND ca tn hiu analog. Cc ng vo VREFA v VREFB l cc ng vo in p tham kho. THIT K PHN CNG Trn EME-MC8, vi mch MCP4922 c thit k giao tip vi MCU thng qua giao tip SPI. Cc tn hiu SCK, SDI, nLDAC, v DAC_nCS t MCP4922 c ni n DIP-SW4 cu hnh trc khi ni vo MCU. Do , cn bt ON cc switch ny kt ni tn hiu iu khin ca EME-MC8 vo module MCU tng ng.

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S thit k MCP4922 trn EME-MC8

Nh vy, iu khin cc tn hiu ny, ngi lp trnh cn truy xut n cc bit trn port 1 bng cc lnh thng qua thanh ghi port P1. PHN MM GIAO TIP V tn hiu iu khin MCP4922 c kt ni trc tip n cc bit ca port 1 nn cc lnh cho php thao tc trn thanh ghi P1. V d on m sau c th c dng dch 1 bit d liu t 8051 vo MCP4922 CLR MOV SETB TH NGHIM 1 Mc ch Lm quen vi giao tip SPI. Nm c cch thc iu khin MCP4922 thng qua giao tip SPI. Yu cu Vit chng trnh thc hin xut ln lt cc mc in p 0V, 1V, 2.5V, 4V, v 5V ra ng ra ca MCP4922, mi in p cch nhau 2s. Hng dn V MCP4922 l DAC 12-bit vi in p tham kho l 5V nn phn gii tng ng l 5V/4096 = 1.22mV/LSB. Nh vy, ngi lp trnh c th tnh ra c cc gi tr nh phn cn xut ra MCP4922 to ra cc mc in p nh yu cu. V phn gii ny c th to ra sai s ng ra ca MCP4922 nn ngi thit k c th dng vi mch to in p tham kho chnh xc MCP1541. Vi mch ny to SCK SDI, C SCK ; to xung clock ; dch c C ; vo MCP4922

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in p 4.096V chnh xc ng ra, do , MCP4922 s c phn gii l 1mV/LSB. Dng cc chng trnh dch d liu vo v ra phn trn ghi d liu vo MCP4922. Kim tra Kim tra hot ng ca chng trnh bng cch dng ng h o in p ng ra ca MCP4922. Xc nh sai s ng ra ca MCP4922 do vic s dng p tham kho 5V. TH NGHIM 2 Mc ch Phi hp c ADC v DAC. Yu cu Vit chng trnh nh th nghim 1, tuy nhin ng ra ca DAC s c ni n knh 1 ca ADC. Gi tr c c t ADC s c hin th ln led 7 on hoc LCD. Hng dn Dng dy dn kt ni ng ra ca DAC n knh 1 ca ADC. DAC s ln lt xut ra cc gi tr 0V, 1V, 2.5V, 4V, 5V. Cc gi tr ny s c truyn n knh 1 ca ADC. Ngi lp trnh c th dng cc kin thc trong phn th nghim vi ADC lin tc c v hin th gi tr in p ca knh 1 ln led 7 on hoc LCD. Kim tra m bo l led 7 on hin th ng cc gi tr in p c xut ra t DAC, mi in p cch nhau 2s. TH NGHIM 3 Mc ch M rng ni dung th nghim Yu cu

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Vit chng trnh thc hin cng vic nh th nghim 2, tuy nhin in p hin th trn led 7 on l ca c knh 0 v knh 1, mi knh c hin th trong khong 10s. Hng dn Chng trnh phi c in p ca hai knh lin tc, tuy nhin trong khong 10s u, chng trnh s hin th in p knh 0, 10s k tip s hin th in p ca knh 1. Qui trnh ny c lp lin tc. Kim tra Quan st led 7 on v th thay i bin tr ca knh 0 m bo hin th t yu cu.

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TH NGHIM VI LED MA TRN

L THUYT C BN Led ma trn c th dng hin th thng tin n tng im nh. Do , led ma trn c th biu din c ch s, ch ci, v cc hnh nh khc. Led ma trn c th l dng n sc (thng l mu ), hoc a sc. i vi dng a sc, mt im nh cha n 2 led vi mu khc nhau (v d mu v mu xanh l cy). S dng phi hp hai mu ny c th sinh ra thm mt s mu trung gian. Qu trnh ny c th c thc hin bng cch thay i rng xung iu khin ca tng mu (tc l thi gian sng ca tng led mu). i vi led ma trn, c hai chn anode v cathode ca led u c a ra thnh tn hiu iu khin.

Led ma trn

Led ma trn c hin th bng phng php qut tng hng hoc tng ct. Chu k qut thng l 1/8 (hoc 1/16). iu ny c ngha l mt khung hnh s c hin th y sau 8 (hoc 16) ln qut hng (hoc ct). Khi qut led ma trn cn quan tm n dng trung bnh v dng nh qua led v thng s ny s quyt nh sng ca led. V d vi led 8 hng dng phng php qut ct, nu mi led cn dng trung bnh l 5mA sng th dng trung bnh ti a ca 1 ct s l 8 led x 5mA = 40mA. Tuy nhin v led ch hin th trong 1/8 (hoc 1/16) ca chu k qut nn dng nh ca xung qut phi t n 8x40mA = 360mA (hoc 720mA). Cc chn ca vi mch s thng khng th cung cp dng nh th ny. Do cc tn hiu li led cn phi c m vi cc linh kin dng ln nh transistor m bo dng cho tng led. hin th c mt k t ch hoc s, chng trnh cn mt bng font chuyn gia gi tr bn trong MCU thnh gi tr hin th ln led ma trn tng t nh vi led 7 on. Bng font ny c th c ghi trc tip vo chng trnh. THIT K PHN CNG Led ma trn trong EME-MC8 l led 2 mu (tuy nhin mu xanh khng c s dng) c kch thc 8x8 vi phng php qut led l qut ct (v mi ct c m vi dy transistor ULN2803 c dng ti a ln n 500mA). Led c hng l

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anode v ct l cathode. Thit k s s dng vi mch ULN2803 cho php ko dng ln n 500mA pha ct v BJT B562 pha hng v pha ct s gnh dng ti a ln n 8 led ng thi. hin th mt im nh th d liu xut ra trn hng phi l mc 0 v khi kha BJT s dn lm cho hng c cp ngun VCC, d liu xut trn ct s l mc 1 v ULN2803 hot ng nh cng o nn tn hiu li ct s c in p l mc 0 (tc l gn GND) cho php cc led trn ct tng ng c sng.

S mch pha ct ca khi led ma trn

S mch pha hng ca khi led ma trn

Cc tn hiu d liu hng v ct c thit k theo phng php 3 bus. Do , led ma trn c iu khin thng qua hai vi mch cht 74x573, mt cht d liu ca tng hng v mt dng chn ct qut. Tn hiu cho php cht d liu c t hp t tn hiu gii m a ch v tn hiu cho php ghi nWR. Gii m a ch c thit k bng 74138 vi a ch c th ca hng v ct c th xem trong bn b nh. Module MCU-51

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V khi led ma trn c thit k giao tip vi MCU-51 thng qua c ch 3 bus nn ngi lp trnh ch cn bit a ch ca cc vi mch cht 573 ca hng v ct l c th truy xut c. PHN MM GIAO TIP DNG MODULE BMCU-51 c th hin th ln led ma trn, phng php c chn l qut ct. Mi ct s c hin th trong mt khong thi gian nht nh sau chuyn sang ct k tip. V led ma trn c kch thc 8x8 nn xung dng qut ct s l 1/8. m bo hin th r, ton b bng hin th phi c qut trong vng trc 40ms (25 hnh/s). Nh vy mi ct s c thi gian hin th ti a l 5ms (tuy nhin nn dng thi gian tr l 1ms). Nu thi gian hin th nh hn th tn s qut s tng, tuy nhin lc ny dng trung bnh c th khng led sng tt. Do khng th gim thi gian qut xung qu nh, trung bnh nn chn vo khong 1-3ms (gi tr c th cn ty thuc vo loi led). Trc tin, ngi lp trnh cn chuyn i gi tr cn hin th thnh dng c th hin th ln led ma trn bng cch dng phng php tra bng tra trn bng font. Lu l mt d liu hin th s c chuyn thnh 8 byte d liu hin th (v led ma trn c 8 ct). hin th c 1 ct, ngi lp trnh cn xut 1 byte ra hng (1 byte trong 8 byte tra c t bng font), cho php ct , ch mt khong thi gian v chuyn sang hin th ct k tip vi qui trnh tng t. Sau khi ht 8 ct, qui trnh hin th c lp li t u. Th nghim 1 Mc ch Lm quen vi phng php qut led ma trn. S dng c c ch tra bng. Yu cu Vit chng trnh hin th k t ch A ln led ma trn.

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Ch A trn led ma trn 8x8

Hng dn c th hin th c ch A ln led ma trn, trc tin cn xc nh a ch ca cht hng v ct bng bn b nh. a ch ny s c dng xut cc d liu ra led. Bc k tip l chun b d liu xut. V phng php qut l qut ct nn d liu xut ra ct s ln lt l 10000000B, 01000000B, 00100000B, 00010000B, 00001000B, 00000100B, 00000010B, 00000001B (mc tch cc ca 1 ct l mc cao). Mi ln xut cch nhau 1ms, sau khi chun b d liu trn hng. D liu xut trn hng s c ly ra bng phng php tra bng. Nhn vo hnh nh ca ch A d nh hin th, ta c th xc nh c cc m xut ra 8 hng ca 1 ct ln lt l 03h, 0EDh, 0EEh, 0EEh, 0EDh, 03h, 0FFh, 0FFh (y chnh l font ca ch A). Dng dn xut DB khai bo chui d liu ny nh sau CharA: DB 03h, 0EDh, 0EEh, 0EEh, 0EDh, 03h, 0FFh, 0FFh

Dn xut DB khng phi l mt lnh ca MCU. l mt hng dn trnh bin dch ghi sn cc gi tr cho tng byte vo trong b nh chng trnh ti a ch c nhn l CharA. Dn xut ny nn c t trong phn on d liu hoc cui ca chng trnh chnh. MCU s dng chui lnh sau thc hin tra bng (look-up table) MOV MOV MOVC A, #n ; n = ct cn hin th

DPTR, #CharA A, @A+DPTR 51/59

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c c m ca ch A cn hin th ti ct th n. Lc ny n s thay i t 0 (cho ct u tin) n 7 (cho ct cui cng). Qu trnh ny s c lp lin tc. Kim tra Kim tra kt qu thc hin ca chng trnh. Th thay i thi gian qut ct xem nh hng ca n n sng ca led. Th nghim 2 Yu cu Thay i chng trinh qut led ma trn thnh chng trnh con thc hin nhim v hin th ni dung 8 nh t 30h n 37h. Dng chng trnh con ny vit li chng trnh hin th k t ch A ln led ma trn. Hng dn Chng trnh ny lm hon ton ging nh th nghim trn. im khc bit l d liu u vo c t trong cc nh. Do chng trnh c th c s dng li cho cc ng dng khc. Chng trnh con s ln lt c cc nh t 30h n 37h v hin th ln cc ct, mi ln cch nhau 1ms. Cn d liu ca cc nh ny s c xc nh trong chng trnh chnh. Chng trnh chnh c nhim v ghi m hin th ca ch A vo cc nh 30h n 37h bng phng php tra bng v sau gi chng trnh con qut led. Lc ny nu cn thay i hnh nh khc, chng trnh chnh ch cn cp nht li cc nh ny m khng cn phi bn tm n vic qut led ma trn. Kim tra Kim tra kt qu chng trnh. Th nghim thay i hin th k t ch B bng cch lp thm font cho k t .

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TH NGHIM VI NG C DC
L THUYT C BN cho ng c mt chiu (DC motor) hot ng, chng ta cn t 1 in p 1 chiu vo ng c. Chiu ca dng in mt chiu s quyt nh chiu quay ca ng c.

Nu i chiu ca in p mt chiu, tc l i chiu dng in qua cun dy ca ng c th ng c s quay ngc li.

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Lu l in p V v dng I khng c vt qu gi tr c ghi trn ng c, nu khng ng c s b hng. Tuy nhin nu ta t in p thp hn V hoc dng in thp hn I th tc v chu ti ca ng c s gim theo. Mt phng php iu khin tc ng c thng dng l PWM

iu khin ng c vi PWM

iu khin rng ca xung c lm bng cch tt bt nhanh ngun in t ln ng c. Ngun p DC s chuyn thnh tn hiu xung vung, thay i t ngun xung 0V, to cho ng c mt lot cc c sc in. Nu tn s bt tt cao, thc t trong khong 1kHz 3kHz, ng c s chy mt tc n nh nh mmen quay. Bng cch thay i chu k hot ng ca tn hiu (thay i rng xung PWM), tc l khong thi gian Bt, ngun in trung bnh t ln ng co s thay i v dn n thay i tc . THIT K PHN CNG

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Nh bit iu khin hng quay cn t c in p ln ng c. Mch ph bin dng iu khin ng c gi l mch cu H. Mt trong nhng kh nng cc hay ca mch ny l n cho php iu khin ng c chy thun hoc ngc bt k tc no. Ngoi ra n cn cho php dng ngun in c lp vi mch iu khin.

S kt ni mch iu khin ng c DC

Cc tn hiu iu khin ng c c ly ra t ng ra ca mt vi mch cht 74x573 (k hiu 573). Nh vy, khi iu khin ng c DC c thit k nh mt ngoi vi ca c ch 3 bus ca MCU. Bng gi tr hai bit iu khin chiu quay ng c vi cu H
A 0 0 B 0 1 Trng thi ng c M1, M2 ni t , khng c dng in qua ng c, ng c ng yn. M1 ni t, M2 ni ngun, dng in qua ng c theo chiu t M2 n M1, ng c quay thun (quy c).

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M1 ni ngun, M2 ni t, dng in qua ng c theo chiu t M1 n M2, ng c quay nghch (quy c).

M1,M2 ni ngun, khng c dng in qua ng c, ng c ng yn.

!!! Ch : Trc khi o chiu ng c ang quay ta cn phi ch ng c dng li hn bng cch cho AB = 00, sau mi xut lnh o chiu, iu ny gip trnh moment hm t ngt c th lm hng mch li v ng c. Module MCU-51 V c thit k hot ng vi c ch 3 bus, nn ngi lp trnh ch cn truy xut n hai bit th 4 v 5 ca ngoi vi ti a ch ca vi mch 573. Nh vy, ngi lp trnh cn xc nh a ch 573 t bn a ch. Dng cc lnh thao tc trn bit nh SETB, CLR xc nh gi tr ca cc bit th 0 v 1 m khng lm nh hng n cc bit khc v xut ra ngoi vi SETB CLR MOV MOVX ACC.4 ACC.5 DPTR, #IC573B @DPTR, A ; xut ra ngoi vi iu khin ; ci t hai bit iu khin

Dng dy bus 20 chn ni hai header 20 chn trn microB-MAIN v microB-EXT. iu ny cho php iu khin 573B nh ngoi vi ch 3 bus. PHN MM GIAO TIP DNG MODULE BMCU-51 TH NGHIM 1 Mc ch Nm c cch thc iu khin cu H n gin. Yu cu Vit chng trnh cho php ng c chy theo chiu thun trong vng 2s, ngh 2s, chy theo chiu ngc 2s, ngh 2s v lp li. Hng dn

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HNG DN TH NGHIM

!!! Mt im rt quan trng cn lu l khng c o chiu quay t ngt. Do khong thi gian ngh gia cc ln o chiu l rt cn thit v l thao tc iu khin bt buc. Nh vy gi tr xut ra 573B s c hai bit 0 v 1 ln lt l 10, 00, 01, 00. Mi gi tr c xut ra cch nhau 2s. Kim tra Thc thi v kim tra hot ng ca chng trnh. TH NGHIM 2 Mc ch Nm c cch thc iu khin ng c vi phng php PWM. Yu cu Vit chng trnh iu khin ng c vi phng php PWM, trong thi gian bt ca xung l 50% chu k. Hng dn c th to c cc rng xung khc nhau trong mt chu k c nh, ngi lp trnh c th dng hai ngt Timer. Ngt Timer0 c dng to ra chu k ngt mi 1ms ( to chu k 1KHz). Ngt Timer1 c dng to ra thi gian bt ca chu k (500s). Nh vy, ngt Timer0 phi xy ra mi 1000 chu k my (tn s dao ng l 11.059MHz). Gi tr np ban u cho hai thanh ghi TH0, TL0 l -1000. Trong chng trnh phc v ngt Timer0, ngoi vic np li gi tr m cho Timer0, ngi lp trnh cn cho php ngt Timer1 hot ng to ra ngt khi ht thi gian bt. C th l Timer1 c khi ng c th xy ra ngt sau 500 chu k my. Trong chng trnh phc v ca ngt Timer1, ngi lp trnh ngng Timer1 sn sng cho ln to ra xung mc cao k tip. Chng trnh lc ny quay li trng thi ch ngt Timer0 khi ht chu k. Kim tra Thc thi v kim tra hot ng ca chng trnh. So snh tc quay ca ng c vi th nghim 1.

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HNG DN TH NGHIM

Th thay i rng xung thnh 20%, 80% xc nhn vic thay i tc ng c. TH NGHIM 3 Mc ch Phi hp nhiu tc . Yu cu Vit chng trnh iu khin ng c vi phng php PWM, trong thi gian bt ca xung ln lt l 20%, 50%, v 80% chu k. Mi rng xung cch nhau 5s. Qui trnh c lp li lin tc. Hng dn Ngi lp trnh c th s dng li phng php trong th nghim 2 vi mt thay i nh l gi tr np cho ngt ca Timer1 s thay i sau mi 5s. Cc gi tr ny ln lt l -200, -500, v -800 chu k my. Kim tra Thc thi v kim tra hot ng ca chng trnh. Th thay i chng trnh c th thay i tc nh phm nhn. V d, mc nh ng c s chy rng xung 20%. Khi nhn phm ln 1, rng xung tng ln 50%. Khi nhn phm ln 2, rng xung tng ln 80%. Khi nhn phm ln na, rng xung gim xung cn 20%. TH NGHIM 4 Mc ch Tng gim tc ng c DC. Yu cu Vit chng trnh thc hin vic tng hoc gim dn tc ng c nh hai nt nhn P1.4, v P1.5. Khi khng nhn nt, tc ng c khng i. Khi nt P1.4 c nhn v gi th tc ng c tng dn. Khi nt P1.5 c nhn v gi th tc ng c gim dn. Hng dn

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HNG DN TH NGHIM

Kt hp chung trnh qut phm v chng trnh thay i tc ng c trn . Kim tra Thc thi v kim tra hot ng ca chng trnh.

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