CHUYN 4 : HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN

Mnh tng bn.

y l b ti liu mnh tng hp v bin son c.
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CHUYN 4 : HIROCACBON THM NGUN
HIROCACBON THIN NHIN
Cu 1: Trong phn t benzen, cc nguyn t C u trng thi lai ho :
A. sp.
B. sp2.
C. sp3.
D. sp2d.
SGK 11 NC 186 => B
Cu 2: Trong vng benzen mi nguyn t C dng 1 obitan p cha tham gia lai ho to ra :
A. 2 lin kt pi ring l.
B. 2 lin kt pi ring l.
C. 1 h lin kt pi chung cho 6 C.
D. 1 h lin kt xigma chung cho 6 C.

SGK 11 NC 186 => C

Cu 3: Trong phn t benzen:
A. 6 nguyn t H v 6 C u nm trn 1 mt phng.
B. 6 nguyn t H nm trn cng 1 mt phng khc vi mt phng ca 6 C.
C. Ch c 6 C nm trong cng 1 mt phng.
D. Ch c 6 H mm trong cng 1 mt phng.
SGK 11 NC 187 => A
Cu 4: Cho cc cng thc :
H

(1)
Cu to no l ca benzen ?
A. (1) v (2).
B. (1) v (3).

(2)

(3)
C. (2) v (3).
-1-

D. (1) ; (2) v (3).

CHUYN 4 : HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN

SGK 11 NC 187 => D Thc cht ci (2) ch l m rng 1 C c H , (1) v (3) c SGK
Cu 5: Dy ng ng ca benzen c cng thc chung l:
A. CnH2n+6 ; n 6.
B. CnH2n-6 ; n 3.

C. CnH2n-6 ; n 5.
D. CnH2n-6 ; n 6.
SGK 11 NC 187 => D
Hoc xem li phn xc nh CT chuyn 1 : => benzen c 3 pi v 1 vng => a = 4 a l tng pi + vng
=> CnH2n+2 2.a = CnH2n+2 - 6
Cu 6: Cng thc tng qut ca hirocacbon CnH2n+2-2a. i vi stiren, gi tr ca n v a ln lt l:
A. 8 v 5.
B. 5 v 8.
C. 8 v 4.
D. 4 v 8.
Siren => C8H8 SGK 11 NC 194 => n = 8 v 2n + 2 2a = 8 s C = 8 ; s H = 8
2.8 + 2 2a = 8 a = 5 => A
Cu 7: Cng thc tng qut ca hirocacbon CnH2n+2-2a. i vi naptalen, gi tr ca n v a ln lt l:
A. 10 v 5.
B. 10 v 6.
C. 10 v 7.
D.10 v 8.
Tng t cu 7 => naptalen : C10H8 SGK 11 NC 195 => C
Cu 8: Cht no sau y c th cha vng benzen ?
A. C10H16.
B. C9H14BrCl.
C. C8H6Cl2.
D. C7H12.
Cha vng benzen => k 4 v vng benzen c 3 pi + 1 vng
ADCT tnh k tng pi + vng xem chuyn 1
Xt A : k = (2.10 16 + 2) / 2 =3 < 4 => loi
Xt B : k = (2.9 14 +2 2)/2 = 2 < 4 => loi
Xt C : k = (2.8 6 + 2 2)/2 = 5 >4 => Tha mn => C
Xt D : k = (2.7 12 + 2)/2 = 2 < 4 => loi
Cu 9: Cht no sau y khng th cha vng benzen ?
A. C8H10.
B. C6H8.
C. C8H10.
D. C9H12.
Tng t bi 8 => B c k = (2.6 8 + 2)/2 = 3 < 4 => khng th cha vng bezen
Cu 10: Cho cc cht: C6H5CH3 (1) p-CH3C6H4C2H5 (2)
C6H5C2H3 (3)
o-CH3C6H4CH3 (4)
Dy gm cc cht l ng ng ca benzen l:
A. (1); (2) v (3).
B. (2); (3) v (4).
C. (1); (3) v (4).
D. (1); (2) v (4).
ng ng bezen :CnH2n-6 vi n 6 => 1 , 2 , 4 tha mn 3 c dng l CnH2n 8
=> D
CH3

CH
Cu 11: Cht cu to nh sau c tn gi l g ?
A. o-xilen.
B. m-xilen.
C. p-xilen.
D. 1,5-imetylbenzen.
SGK 11 NC 187 =>B
Cu 12: CH3C6H2C2H5 c tn gi l:
A. etylmetylbenzen.
B. metyletylbenzen.
C. p-etylmetylbenzen. D. p-metyletylbenzen.
A - lun c nhnh c Nhiu C nht trc tin.
Cu 13: (CH3)2CHC6H5 c tn gi l:
A. propylbenzen.
B. n-propylbenzen.
C. iso-propylbenzen. D. imetylbenzen.
SGK 11 NC 188 => C Thc cht l cumen xem bng
iso v c dng CH3 C(CH3) R Xem chuyn 1 hoc c th xem trong sch gip tr nh chui p ha hc
Cu 14: iso-propyl benzen cn gi l:
A.Toluen.
B. Stiren.
C. Cumen.
D. Xilen.
Cu 13 => C
Cu 15: Cu to ca 4-cloetylbenzen l:
3

C2H5

C2H5

C2H5

C2H5
Cl

Cl
Cl
Cl
A.
B.
C.
D.
SGK 11 NC 187 Cch nh s t 1 n 6 => 4 cloetylbezen => C2H5-C6H4-CL Vi Cl v tr th 4 => A

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CHUYN 4 : HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN

Cu 16: Ankylbenzen l hirocacbon c cha :
A. vng benzen.
B. gc ankyl v vng benzen.
C. gc ankyl v 1 benzen.
D. gc ankyl v 1 vng benzen.
SGK 11 NC 187 => D Khi coi vng benzen l mch chnh
Cu 17: Gc C6H5-CH2- v gc C6H5- c tn gi l:
A. phenyl v benzyl.
B. vinyl v anlyl.
C. anlyl v Vinyl.
D. benzyl v phenyl.
SGK 11 NC 189 => D
Cu 18: iu no sau u khng ng kh ni v 2 v tr trn 1 vng benzen ?
A. v tr 1, 2 gi l ortho.
B. v tr 1,4 gi l para.
C. v tr 1,3 gi l meta.
D. v tr 1,5 gi l ortho.
SGK 11 NC 187 => D 5 gi l meta Xem phn nh s
Cu 19: Mt ankylbenzen A c cng thc C9H12, cu to c tnh i xng cao. Vy A l:
A. 1,2,3-trimetyl benzen.
B. n-propyl benzen.
C. iso-propyl benzen.
D. 1,3,5-trimetyl benzen.
i xng cao => D V ra s thy ngay ; A ch i xng qua v tr 2 ;B , C khng c i xng
D c i xng qua v tr 1,3,5
Cu 20: Mt ankylbenzen A (C12H18) cu to c tnh i xng cao. A l:
A. 1,3,5-trietylbenzen.
B. 1,2,4-tri etylbenzen.
C. 1,2,3-tri metylbenzen.
D. 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaetylbenzen.
Tng t 19 => A
Cu 21: C7H8 c s ng phn thm l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
ng phn thm ng phn benzen SGK 11NC 190 => bezen c tnh thm
=> CH c mt ci duy nht : CH3 C6H5 =>A
Cu 22: ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10 c bao nhiu cu to cha vng benzen ?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
ng phn : C2H5 C6H5 ; CH3 C6H5 CH3 CH3 u gn vo v tr 1 => cn CH3 cn li gn ln lt v tr
o , p , m => Tng c 4 p tha mn => C
Cu 23: ng vi cng thc C9H12 c bao nhiu ng phn c cu to cha vng benzen ?
A. 6.
B. 7.
C. 8.
D. 9.
Xem bi 48 Chuyn 1 i cng v ha hc hu c => C
Cu 24: S lng ng phn cha vng benzen ng vi cng thc phn t C9H10 l
A. 7.
B. 8.
C. 9.
D. 6.
Xem bi 49 Chuyn 1 i cng v ha hc hu c =>A
Cu 25: A l ng ng ca benzen c cng thc nguyn l: (C3H4)n. Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C3H4.
B. C6H8.
C. C9H12.
D. C12H16.
ng ng benzen => Tha mn CT : CnH2n-6 vi n 6 => C tha mn Nhn p n
Cch 2 : ta c ng ng benzen => k = 4 => Ch c C tha mn
Cu 26: Cho cc cht (1) benzen ; (2) toluen; (3) xiclohexan; (4) hex-5-trien; (5) xilen; (6) cumen. Dy gm cc
hirocacbon thm l:
A. (1); (2); (3); (4).
B. (1); (2); (5; (6).
C. (2); (3); (5) ; (6).
D. (1); (5); (6); (4).
Hidrocabon thm hay l ankylbenzen ng ng benzen Dng ny thng loi p n cho nhanh hn
Ta c 3 , 4 sai v 3 l xiclo hexan ; tc l 1 vng ; 4 loi v trien tc l 3 lin kt i => Loi A , C , D
=> B Cc cht cn li u c trong SGK 11 NC 188
Cu 27: Hot tnh sinh hc ca benzen, toluen l:
A. Gy hi cho sc khe.
B. Khng gy hi cho sc khe.
C. Gy nh hng tt cho sc khe. D. Ty thuc vo nhit c th gy hi hoc khng gy hi.
SGK 11 NC 188 Phn mu sc , tnh tan , mi => A
Cu 28: Tnh cht no sau y khng phi ca ankyl benzen
A. Khng mu sc.
B. Khng mi v.
C. Khng tan trong nc.
D. Tan nhiu trong cc dung mi hu c.
SGK 11 NC 188 Phn mu sc, tnh tan , mi => B cc aren ankylbezen thng c mi
Cu 29: Phn ng no sau y khng xy ra:
A. Benzen + Cl2 (as).
B. Benzen + H2 (Ni, p, to).
C. Benzen + Br2 (dd).
D. Benzen + HNO3 () /H2SO4 ().
SGK 11 NC 190 => C Bezen ; ankyl benzen khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2
Cu ny khng cht
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CHUYN 4 : HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN

Cu 30: Tnh cht no khng phi ca benzen ?
A. D th.
B. Kh cng.
C. Bn vi cht oxi ha.
D. Km bn vi cc cht oxi ha.
SGK 11 NC - 190 => D V A , B , C u ng
Cu 31: Cho benzen + Cl2 (as) ta thu c dn xut clo A. Vy A l:
A. C6H5Cl.
B. p-C6H4Cl2.
C. C6H6Cl6.
D. m-C6H4Cl2.
SGK 11 N 190 => C
Cu 32: Phn ng chng minh tnh cht no; khng no ca benzen ln lt l:
A. th, cng.
B. cng, nitro ho.
C. chy, cng.
D. cng, brom ho.
Phn tnh cht ha hc => Tnh th , p cng thm phn ng oxi ha => A
Cu 33: Tnh cht no khng phi ca benzen
A. Tc dng vi Br2 (to, Fe).
B. Tc dng vi HNO3 () /H2SO4().
C. Tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4.
D. Tc dng vi Cl2 (as).
SGK 11 NC 190 => C Bezen khng p vi KMnO4 nhng ankylbezen th c
Cu 34: Benzen + X etyl benzen. Vy X l
A. axetilen.
B. etilen.
C. etyl clorua.
D. etan.
SGK 11 NC 191 => B etilen CH2 = CH2
Cu 35: Tnh cht no khng phi ca toluen ?
A. Tc dng vi Br2 (to, Fe).
B. Tc dng vi Cl2 (as).
o
C. Tc dng vi dung dch KMnO4, t .
D. Tc dng vi dung dch Br2.
Benzen hay ankylbenzen u khng phn ng vi dung dch Br2 => D SGK 11NC 190
Cu 36: So vi benzen, toluen + dung dch HNO3()/H2SO4 ():
A. D hn, to ra o nitro toluen v p nitro toluen.
B. Kh hn, to ra o nitro toluen v p nitro toluen.
C. D hn, to ra o nitro toluen v m nitro toluen.
D. D hn, to ra m nitro toluen v p nitro toluen.
SGK 11 NC 189 => A
Cu 37: Toluen + Cl2 (as) xy ra phn ng:
A. Cng vo vng benzen.
B. Th vo vng benzen, d dng hn.
C. Th nhnh, kh khn hn CH4.
D. Th nhnh, d dng hn CH4.
Xem quy tc th vng benzen => C SGK 11 NC 189
as
Cu 38: 1 mol Toluen + 1 mol Cl2
A . A l:
A. C6H5CH2Cl.
B. p-ClC6H4CH3.
C. o-ClC6H4CH3. D. B v C u ng.
iu kin As => th gc ankyl Hay nhnh nh SGK 11 NC 189=> A
Cu 39: Tin hnh th nghim cho nitro benzen tc dng vi HNO3 ()/H2SO4 (), nng ta thy:
A. Khng c phn ng xy ra.
B. Phn ng d hn benzen, u tin v tr meta.
C. Phn ng kh hn benzen, u tin v tr meta. D. Phn ng kh hn benzen, u tin v tr ortho.
Nitro => NO2 => Xem quy tc th vng benzen + P u tin v tr meta => C
Cu 40: Khi trn vng benzen c sn nhm th -X, th nhm th hai s u tin th vo v tr o- v p- . Vy -X l
nhng nhm th no ?
A. -CnH2n+1, -OH, -NH2. B. -OCH3, -NH2, -NO2. C. -CH3, -NH2, -COOH D. -NO2, -COOH, -SO3H.
Hc thuc quy tc th vng benzen nh => A
Cu 41: Khi trn vng benzen c sn nhm th -X, th nhm th hai s u tin th vo v tr m - . Vy -X l nhng
nhm th no ?
A. -CnH2n+1, -OH, -NH2. B. -OCH3, -NH2, -NO2.C. -CH3, -NH2, -COOH.D. -NO2, -COOH, -SO3H.
Quy tc th vng benzen => D
H 2 SO4 d
Cu 42: 1 mol nitrobenzen + 1 mol HNO3
B + H2O. B l:
to
A. m-initrobenzen.
B. o-initrobenzen.
C. p-initrobenzen.
D. B v C u ng.
Bi 39 => V v meta => A Hoc SGK
Cu 43: C2H2 A B m-brombenzen. A v B ln lt l:
A. benzen ; nitrobenzen. B. benzen,brombenzenC.nitrobenzen;benzen. D.nitrobenzen; brombenzen.
A l bezen => B l nitrobenzen P iu ch benzen SGK 11NC 177 ; nitro 189 => A
Cu 44: Benzen A o-brom-nitrobenzen. Cng thc ca A l:
A. nitrobenzen. B. brombenzen.
C. aminobenzen.
D. o-ibrombenzen.
A o-brom-nitrobenzen Phn ng + HNO3/H2SO4 ch to ra nitro => khng lm thay i mch
=> A o-brom-nitrobenzen => A phi cha brom v o-brom-nitrobenzen c 1 Br => A c 1 Br => B tha mn
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CHUYN 4 : HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN

Cu 45: 1 ankylbenzen A(C9H12),tc dng vi HNO3 c (H2SO4 ) theo t l mol 1:1 to ra 1 dn xut mononitro duy
nht . Vy A l:
A. n-propylbenzen.
B. p-etyl,metylbenzen.
D. iso-propylbenzen D.1,3,5-trimetylbenzen.
1 dn xut duy nht => C9H12 c dng i xng bc cao => D Xem li cu 19
trung / hop
Cu 46: Cho phn ng A
1,3,5-trimetylbenzen . A l:
A. axetilen.
B. metyl axetilen.
C. etyl axetilen.
D. imetyl axetilen.
P SGK 11 NC 177 Dng 3C3H4 = > C9H12 Nh 3C2H2 => C6H6
Cu 47: Stiren khng phn ng c vi nhng cht no sau y ?
A. dd Br2.
B. khng kh H2 ,Ni,to. C. dd KMnO4.
D. dd NaOH.
Stiren v c gc CH=CH2 => C tnh cht ging ankan => A , B , C u p c => D khng p => D
Ni , p ,t o
Cu 48: A + 4H2
etyl xiclohexan. Cu to ca A l:
A. C6H5CH2CH3.
B. C6H5CH3.
C. C6H5CH2CH=CH2. D. C6H5CH=CH2.
Etyl xiclohexan => C2H5 (C6H11) C8H16C2H5 ni vi vng 6 cnh xiclo
=> cu to ca A l C8H8 V C8H8 + 4H2 => C8H16 Stiren => D
Cu 49: Phn ng no sau y khng dng iu ch benzen ?
A. tam hp axetilen.
B. kh H2 ca xiclohexan. C. kh H2, ng vng n-hexanD. tam hp etilen.
A ng bi 47 ; B ng SGK phn iu ch bezen ; C ng ci ny thm
n hexan mch thng C6H14 => Tch H2 ri ng vng => C6H6
D sai v tam hp etilen C2H4 => C6H12 khng phi benzen => D
Cu 50: Phn ng no khng iu ch c toluen ?
AlCl3 ;t o
A. C6H6 + CH3Cl
B. kh H2, ng vng benzen
C. kh H2 metylxiclohexan
D. tam hp propin
ToluenC7H8 => khng th tam hp Propin C3H4
Tam hp ch s dng cho ankin to thnh lun sn phm khng thm hay tha g c
xt ,t o
Cu 51: A
toluen + 4H2. Vy A l:
A. metyl xiclo hexan. B. metyl xiclo hexen.
C. n-hexan.
D. n-heptan.
Bi 49 => Kh H2 vi ng vng => D: n- heptan
Cu 52: ng dng no benzen khng c:
A. Lm dung mi.
B. Tng hp monome.
C. Lm thuc n.
D. Dng trc tip lm dc phm.
SGK 11 NC 191 => Bezen lm dung mi , tng hp monome, lm thuc n => D sai
Benzen iu ch ra nitrobenzen , anilin mi dng lm dc phm => Khng phi trc tip Qua trung gian
Cu 53: Thuc n TNT c iu ch trc tip t
A. benzen.
B. metyl benzen.
C. vinyl benzen.
D. p-xilen.
Toluen C7H8 Phn ng dng => Dng iu ch trinitrotoluen TNT => B
Cu 54: phn bit benzen, toluen, stiren ta ch dng 1 thuc th duy nht l:
A. Brom (dd).
B. Br2 (Fe).
C. KMnO4 (dd). D. Br2 (dd) hoc KMnO4(dd).
Cho KMnO4 vo => Benzen khng p ; Toluen phn ng nhit cao Do vng benzen
Stiren phn ng nhit thng V c gc -CH=CH2 tnh cht ging anken => C
Cu 55: phn bit c cc cht Hex-1-in, Toluen, Benzen ta dng 1 thuc th duy nht l:
A. dd AgNO3/NH3.
B. dd Brom.
C. dd KMnO4.
D. dd HCl.
Nh cu 54 => Hex 1 in phn ng nhit thng Tng qut c ni i , ni 3 th c p vi KMnO4
Cu 56: A l dn xut benzen c cng thc nguyn (CH) n. 1 mol A cng ti a 4 mol H 2 hoc 1 mol Br2 (dd). Vy A
l:
A. etyl benzen.
B. metyl benzen.
C. vinyl benzen.
D. ankyl benzen.
Dn xut benzen khng ph c vng => CH cng vo lin kt i
V cng Br2 gc hidrocabon Khng phi vng bezen
Ta c 4nA = nH2 => A c 4 lin kt pi ; nA = nBr2 => A c mt lin kt pi gc hidrocabon
Loi A , B , D V etyl C2H5 , metyl CH3 , ankyl CnH2n+1 - khng cha ni i
C: CT : CH2=CH C6H5 Stiren
Cu 57: a. Mt hn hp X gm 2 aren A, R u c M < 120, t khi ca X i vi C 2H6 l 3,067. CTPT v s ng
phn ca A v R l
A. C6H6 (1 ng phn) ; C7H8 (1 ng phn).
B. C7H8 (1 ng phn) ; C8H10 (4 ng phn).
C. C6H6 (1 ng phn) ; C8H10 (2 ng phn).
D. C6H6 (1 ng phn) ; C8H10 (4 ng phn).
-5-

CHUYN 4 : HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN

ng ng aren Ankyl benzen => CT : CnH2n-6 M=14n-6=3,067.30 n =7 => Ch c th p n C v
D V 7 nm gia s C ca 2 aren => D v C8H10 c 4 ng phn Xem li bi 22
b. Mt hp cht hu c c vng benzen c CTGN l C 3H2Br v M = 236. Gi tn hp cht ny bit rng hp cht
ny l sn phm chnh trong phn ng gia C6H6 v Br2 (xc tc Fe)
A. o-hoc p-ibrombenzen.
B. o-hoc p-ibromuabenzen.
C. m-ibromuabenzen.
D. m-ibrombenzen.
CTGN (C3H2Br)n c M = 236 => n = 2 => C6H5Br2 Xem quy tc th vng benzen => th vo o,p => A
Cu 58: Hn hp C6H6 v Cl2 c t l mol 1 : 1,5. Trong iu kin c xc tc bt Fe, t o, hiu sut 100%. Sau phn ng
thu c cht g ? bao nhiu mol ?
A.1 mol C6H5Cl ; 1 mol HCl ; 1 mol C6H4Cl2.
B. 1,5 mol C6H5Cl ; 1,5 mol HCl ; 0,5mol C6H4Cl2.
C. 1 mol C6H5Cl ; 1,5 mol HCl ; 0,5 mol C6H4Cl2.
D. 0,5 mol C6H5Cl ; 1,5 mol HCl ; 0,5 mol C6H4Cl2.
PT :
T l 1 : 1,5 => chn nC6H6 = 1 mol ; nCl2 = 1,5 mol
C6H6 + Cl2 => C6H5Cl + HCl
Ban u
1
1,5
P
1mol => 1
1
1
Sau p
0,5
1
1
V CL2 d => P tip vi C6H5Cl
C6H5CL
+ CL2 => C6H5CL2 +HCL N ch th vo H ni vi C vng benzen v xc tc Fe,t o
Ban u 1
0,5
P
0,5 <=
0,5
=> 0,5
0,5
Sau p 0,5
0,5
0,5
=> Tng 2 trng hp => sau p c 0,5 mol C6H5Cl ; 0,5 mol C6H5Cl2 v 1,5 mol HCl => D
Cu 59: Cho 100 ml bezen (d = 0,879 g/ml) tac dung vi mt lng va u brom khan (xuc tac bt st, un nong) thu
c 80 ml brombenzen (d = 1,495 g/ml). Hiu sut brom hoa at la
A. 67,6%.
B. 73,49%.
C. 85,3%.
D. 65,35%
P va => PT :
C6H6 + Br2 => C6H5Br
+ HBr
Ta c nC6H6 theo PT = nC6H5Br to ra = (80.1,495)/157 = 0,7618 mol d = m /V
mC6H6 theo PT = 0,7618 . 78 = 59,42 g => H% brom ha = H% p = mPT . 100% / mTT
= 59,42. 100% /(100.0,879) = 67,6% => A
Cu 60: Cho benzen vo 1 l ng Cl2 d ri a ra nh sng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 5,82 kg
cht sn phm. Tn ca sn phm v khi lng benzen tham gia phn ng l:
A. clobenzen; 1,56 kg.
B. hexacloxiclohexan; 1,65 kg.
C. hexacloran; 1,56 kg.
D. hexaclobenzen; 6,15 kg.
Phn ng cng SGK 11 NC 190 v c iu kin nh sang v Cl2 d
PT : C6H6 + 3Cl2 => C6H6Cl6 hexacloran
nC6H6 = nC6H6Cl6 = 5,82.1000/291 = 20 mol V i t kg sang g" => mC6H6 dng = 1560 g = 1,56 kg => C
Cu 61: A c cng thc phn t l C8H8, tc dng vi dung dich KMnO4 nhit thng to ra ancol 2 chc. 1 mol
A tc dng ti a vi:
A. 4 mol H2; 1 mol brom.
B. 3 mol H2; 1 mol brom.
C. 3 mol H2; 3 mol brom.
D. 4 mol H2; 4 mol brom.
C8H8 c k =(2.8 8 + 2)/2 = 5 = 4 pi + 1 vng ben zen => Ch cng ti a 4 mol H2 v 1 mol Br => A
Xem bi 56
Cu 62: A la hirocacbon co %C (theo khi lng) la 92,3%. A tac dung vi dung dich brom d cho san phm co %C
(theo khi lng) la 36,36%. Bit MA < 120. Vy A co cng thc phn t la
A. C2H2.
B. C4H4.
C. C6H6.
D. C8H8.
p n => CT TQ : CnH2n Khng cn da vo %C = 92,3%
Cu 63: Tin hanh trung hp 10,4 gam stiren c hn hp X gm polistiren va stiren (d). Cho X tac dung vi 200
ml dung dich Br2 0,15M, sau o cho dung KI d vao thy xut hin 1,27 gam iot. Hiu sut trung hp stiren l
A. 60%.
B. 75%.
C. 80%.
D. 83,33%.
nStiren ban u = 10,4 / 104 = 0,1 mol
nStiren d = nBr2 V p cng t l 1 : 1 ; Br2 cng vo ni i mch hidrocabon CH=CH2
nBr2 d p vi KI = nI2 = 0,005 mol PT : Br2 + 2KI => 2KBr + I2 hoc bo ton e : 2nBr2 = 2nI2
nStiren d = nBr2 p = 0,2.0,15 0,005 = 0,025 mol
nStiren tham gia p trng hp = n ban u n d = 0,1 0,025 = 0,075 mol
H% p = nPT . 100% / nB = 0,075,100% / 0,1 = 75%
-6-

CHUYN 4 : HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN

Cu 64: hiro ho etylbenzen ta c stiren; trng hp stiren ta c polistiren vi hiu sut chung 80%. Khi
lng etylbenzen cn dng sn xut 10,4 tn polisitren l:
A.13,52 tn.
B. 10,6 tn.
C. 13,25 tn.
D. 8,48 tn.
hidro ha => phn ng tch H2
Etylbenzen C2H5 C6H5 => C2H3 C6H5stiren + H2
Trng hp => mstiren = mPolistiren = 10,4 tn => nC8H10 etylbenzen PT = nStiren = 0,1 Theo tn nha
mEtylbenzen Theo PT = 10,6 tn ; Ta c H% p = mPT.100% / mTT mTT = 10,6.100% / 80% = 13,25 tn
C
Cu 65: a. t chy hon ton m gam A (CxHy), thu c m gam H2O. Cng thc nguyn ca A l:
A. (CH)n.
B. (C2H3)n.
C. (C3H4)n.
D. (C4H7)n.
t m g A(CxHy) => m g H2O => Chn m = 18 g Chn cho p
=> 18 g CxHy => 18 gH2O m mCxHy = 12.nCO2 + 2.nH2O 18 = 12 .nCO2 + 2.2 nCO2 = 4/3
=> x : y = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 4/3 : 2 = 2 : 3 => CTTGN : (C2H3)n => B
b. t chy hon ton 1,3 gam A (CxHy) to ra 0,9 gam H2O. Cng thc nguyn ca A l:
A. (CH)n.
B. (C2H3)n.
C. (C3H4)n.
D. (C4H7)n.
Tng t cu a => A
Cu 66: t chy hon ton hirocacbon X cho CO 2 v H2O theo t l mol 1,75 : 1 v th tch. Cho bay hi hon ton
5,06 gam X thu c mt th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 1,76 gam oxi trong cng iu kin. Nhn xt no sau y
l ng i vi X ?
A. X khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2 nhng lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4 un nng.
B. X tc dng vi dung dch Br2 to kt ta trng.
C. X c th trng hp thnh PS.
D. X tan tt trong nc.
T l nCO2 : nH2O = 1,75 : 1 => chn nCO2 = 1,75 => nH2O = 1
=> x : y = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 1,75 : 2 = 7 : 8 => CTG (C7H8)n
Ta c 5,06 g X c th tch bng 1,76 g oxi cng k => nX = nOxi T l th tch = t l s mol
5,06 / MX = 1,76 / 32 MX = 92 => n =1 => C7H8 ng ng benzen CnH2n 6 Toluen
Ta c ankyl benzen khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2
V ankyl benzen c phn ng vi KMnO4 nhit ung nng => A
Nh l ben zen khng lm mt mu dd Br2 v khng phn ng vi KMnO4
Cu 67: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon A, thu c m gam H 2O. Cng thc phn t ca A (150 < MA < 170)
l:
A. C4H6.
B. C8H12.
C. C16H24.
D. C12H18.
Cu a bi 65 => (C2H3)n => 150 < 27n < 170 5,55 < n < 6,8 => n = 6 => C12H18 => D
Cu 68: t chy hon ton 6 gam cht hu c A, ng ng ca benzen thu c 10,08 lt CO 2 (ktc). Cng thc
phn t ca A l:
A. C9H12.
B. C8H10.
C. C7H8.
D. C10H14.
Ta c nA(CnH2n-6) = nCO2 / n = 0,45 / n BT NT C => MA = 14n 6 = 6 / (0,45/n)
14n 6 = 40n/3 n = 9 => C9H12 V thuc ng ng benzen
Cu 69: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol C xHy thu c 20,16 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 10,8 gam H 2O (lng). Cng thc ca CxHy
l:
A. C7H8.
B. C8H10.
C. C10H14.
D. C9H12.
Ta c x = nCO2 / nCxHy = 9 ; y = 2nH2O / nCxHy = 12 => C9H12 => D BT NT C ,H
Cu 70: A (CxHy) l cht lng iu kin thng. t chy A to ra CO 2 v H2O v mCO2 : mH2O = 4,9 : 1. Cng thc
phn t ca A l:
A. C7H8.
B. C6H6.
C. C10H14.
D. C9H12.
mCO2 : mH2O = 4,9 : 1 = 88,2 : 18 nhn 18 vo: => Chn mCO2 = 88,2 g ; mH2O = 18g
nCO2 = 2 mol ; nH2O = 1 mol T p n => ng ng benzen
n = 3nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 6 => C6H6 CT Rt ra nh ca trng hp CnH2n+2Oz ; CnH2n-2Oz
y l CnH2n-6Oz Xem chuyn 1 ha a cng v ha hc hu c
PT t chy : CnH2n 6 Oz + O2 => nCO2 + (n-3)H2O
Gi
x mol
=>nx mol
(n-3)x mol
Ta thy nCO2 nH2O = nx (n-3)x = 3x = 3n CnH2n-6Oz
nCnH2n-6Oz = (nCO2 nH2O)/3
Cu 71: t chy hon ton hi A (CxHy) thu c 8 lt CO2 v cn dng 10,5 lt oxi. Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C7H8.
B. C8H10.
C. C10H14.
D. C9H12.
-7-

CHUYN 4 : HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN

T l th tch = t l s mol => t A (CxHy) => 8mol CO2 cn 10,5 mol Oxi
BTNT Oxi => 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O nH2O = 5
p n => ng ng benzen => n = 3nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 3.8 / (8-5) = 8 => C8H10 => B
Cu 72: Cho a gam cht A (CxHy) chy thu c 13,2 gam CO2 v 3,6 gam H2O. Tam hp A thu c B, mt ng
ng ca ankylbenzen. Cng thc phn t ca A v B ln lt l:
A. C3H6 v C9H8.
B. C2H2 v C6H6.
C. C3H4 v C9H12.
D. C9H12 v C3H4.
Ch c ankin mi tam hp => n = nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 3 => C3H4CnH2n-2
=> Tam hp to thnh C9H12 => C
Cu 73: 1,3 gam cht hu c A chy hon ton thu c 4,4 gam CO 2 v 0,9 gam H2O. T khi hi ca A i vi oxi
l d tha mn iu kin 3<d<3,5. Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C2H2.
B. C8H8.
C. C4H4.
D. C6H6.
p n => A c CTG : (CH)n hay CnHn c M = 13n
Hoc nCO2 = 0,1 mol ; nH2O = 0,5 mol => x : y = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 1 : 1 => CTG : A (CH)n
Ta c 3 < d < 3,5 3 < MA/32< 3,5 V d l t khi ca A so vi O2
3 < 13n/32 < 3,5 7,38 < n < 8,61 => n =8 => C8H8 => B
Cu 74: t chay hoan toan mt th tich hi hp cht hu c A cn 10 th tich oxi (o cung iu kin nhit v p
sut), san phm thu c chi gm CO2 va H2O vi mCO2 : mH2O = 44 : 9. Bit MA < 150. A co cng thc phn t la
A. C4H6O.
B. C8H8O.
C. C8H8.
D. C2H2.
mCO2 : mH2O = 44 :9 => chn mCO2 = 44g => mH2O = 9 g => x : y = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 1 : 1
=> CTG : (CH)nOz (z c th bng 0 hoc bng 1 t cc p n
=> CnHnOz
Ta c VO2 / VA = (n + n/4 z/2) V x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nA = 10
40 = 5n 2z 5n = 40 + 2z => n 40/5 n 8 => T p n => n =8 => z = 0 => C
Cu 75: t chy ht m gam 2 ng ng ca benzen A, B thu c 4,05 gam H 2O v 7,728 lt CO2 (ktc). Gi tr
ca m v s tng s mol ca A, B l:
A. 4,59 v 0,04.
B. 9,18 v 0,08.
C. 4,59 v 0,08.
D. 9,14 v 0,04.
AD CT : m hidrocacbon = 12.nCO2 + 2nH2O m hn hp benzen = 12.nCO2 + 2.nH2O = = 4,59 g
Ta lun c nhn hp benzen = (nCO2 nH2O)/3 = 0,04 mol
CT bi 70 Thm n = nCO2 / n benzen = 3nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O)
Cu 76: t chy ht 9,18 gam 2 ng ng ca benzen A, B thu c 8,1 gam H 2O v V lt CO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V
l:
A. 15,654.
B. 15,465.
C. 15,546.
D. 15,456.
Bi 75 => m hn hp benzen = 12.nCO2 + 2nH2O thay s => nCO2 => V = 15,456 lt
Cu 77: t chy ht 2,295 gam 2 ng ng ca benzen A, B thu c 2,025 gam H 2O v CO2. Dn ton b lng
CO2 vo 250 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c m gam mui. Gi tr ca m v thnh phn ca mui
A. 16,195 (2 mui).
B. 16,195 (Na2CO3).
C. 7,98 (NaHCO3)
D. 10,6 (Na2CO3).
Nh bi 76 => Tm c nCO2 = (m hn hp benzen 2nH2O)/12 = 0,1725 mol
Ta c nNaOH = 0,25 mol => Xt t l nOH- / nCO2 = 1,45 => 1 < 1,45 < 2 => Phn ng to ra 2 mui
http://thaytro.vn/thaytro_phothong/?id_pri_book=217 Xem thm bi ging y nh c CT
nCO3(2-) (Na2CO3) = nOH- - nCO2 = 0,25 0,1725 = 0,0775 mol
nHCO3- (NaHCO3)= nCO2 nCO3(2-) = 0,1725 0,0775 = 0,095 mol BTNT C
m = mNa2CO3 + mNaHCO3 = 0,0775.106 + 0,095.84 = 16,195 g => A
Cu 78: t chy ht 9,18 gam 2 ng ng k tip thuc dy ca benzen A, B thu c H 2O v 30,36 gam CO2.
Cng thc phn t ca A v B ln lt l:
A. C6H6 ; C7H8.
B. C8H10 ; C9H12.
C. C7H8 ; C9H12.D. C9H12 ; C10H14.
Tng t bi 75 => nH2O =0,45 mol => ADCT : n = 3nCO2 / (nCO2 nH2O) = 8,625 => B V 8,625 nm gia s
C ca 2 cht
Cu 79: t 0,13 gam mi cht A v B u cng thu c 0,01 mol CO 2 v 0,09 gam H2O. T khi hi ca A so vi B
l 3; t khi hi ca B so vi H2 l 13. Cng thc ca A v B ln lt l:
A. C2H2 v C6H6.
B. C6H6 v C2H2.
C. C2H2 v C4H4.
D. C6H6 v C8H8.
MB = 13.2 = 26 V khi vi H2 = 13 => Ma = 3.26 = 78 V T khi A so vi B = 3 => B tha mn A l C6H6 c
M = 78 ; B l C2H2 c M = 26
Cu 80: A, B, C la ba cht hu c co %C, %H (theo khi lng) ln lt la 92,3% va 7,7%, ti l khi lng mol
tng ng la 1: 2 : 3. T A co th iu ch B hoc C bng mt phan ng. C khng lam mt mau nc brom. t 0,1
mol B ri dn toan b san phm chay qua binh ng dung dich nc vi trong d.
a. Khi lng binh tng hoc giam bao nhiu gam ?
A. Tng 21,2 gam.
B. Tng 40 gam.
C. Giam 18,8 gam.
D. Giam 21,2 gam.
-8-

CHUYN 4 : HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN

C 3 cht u c %C = 92,3% ; %H = 7,7%
=> x : y = %C / 12 : %H /1 = 1 : 1 Xem chuyn 1 phn tim CTG => CT ca 3 cht c dng l CnHn
T l khi lng mol tng ng l 1 : 2 : 3 => 2MA = MB ; 3MA = MC V nu chn MA = 1 => MB = 2 ; MC = 3
=> t l gp nhau
=> A l C2H2 ; B l C4H4 ; C l C6H6 v C khng lm mt mu nc brom => ng ng benzen
=> t 0,1 mol C4H4 => 0,4 nCO2 BTNT C v 0,2 nH2O
=> m bnh = mCO2 + mH2O cho vo Xem Chuyn 1 bi 65 = 21,2 g => A
b. Khi lng dung dch tng hoc giam bao nhiu gam ?
A. Tng 21,2 gam.
B. tng 40 gam.
C. giam 18,8 gam.
D. giam 21,2 gam.
Xem chuyn 1 bi 65 => * Trong trng hp d kien cho: hap thu toan bo san pham
chay vao dung dch ... d thu c m gam ket tua ong thi khoi lng dung dch
giam n gam: Th nCO2 = n va m - ( mH2O + mCO2 )= mgiam
=> mgiam = m kt ta m tng Phn a = 0,4.100 21,2 = 18,8 g => C nCaCO3 = nCO2 = 0,4 mol

CHUYN 4 : HIROCACBON THM NGUN

HIROCACBON THIN NHIN
1B
11B
21A
31C
41D
51D
61A
71B

2C
12A
22C
32A
42A
52D
62D
72C

3D
13C
23C
33C
43A
53B
63B
73B

4D
14C
24A
34B
44B
54C
64C
74C

5D
15A
25C
35D
45D
55C
65BA
75A

6A
16D
26B
36A
46C
56C
66A
76D

7C
17D
27A
37C
47D
57DA
67D
77A

8C
18D
28B
38A
48D
58D
68A
78B

9B
19D
29C
39C
49D
59A
69D
79B

10D
20A
30D
40A
50D
60C
70B
80AC

p n khng phi ng 100% u nh c th 1 s p n sai

Bn c cho kin v cu . Mnh v mt s ngi s xem li.
Cm n bn gip .
Chc bn thnh cng.

Do thi gian gp rt v trnh bn thn cn nhiu hn ch, mi cu hi mnh gii

theo phng n ca kin c nhn cho l nhanh v d hiu nht, ng thi c nhng phn
tch v nh gi v cc cu.
Xin lu ngoi nhng phng php gii nh trnh by trn, vn cn c nhng
phng n gii c th sai hoc cha gn => Chnh v th bi vit ch mang tnh cht minh
ha, hng dn, trn c s gip cc bn c ci nhn chuyn su v cc phng php v c
th p dng cho cc bi ton tng t t rn luyn mnh.
Mt khc, kin thc Ha hc rt rng nn cc phng php gii trn c th p dng
nhiu cho cc bi tp tng t do vy bn cn lm vng kin thc gii quyt cc yu cu
t ra ca bi thi.
Bn cnh cc phng php gii s gip hc cch tnh nhm, nhanh, mo v to kinh
nghim i thi cc cng thc mo gip bn hon thnh thi vi kt ta tt.
-9-

CHUYN 4 : HIROCACBON THM NGUN HIROCACBON THIN NHIN

Hi vng bi vit ny s p ng c s k vng ca cc bn c

Rt mong nhn c cc kin phn hi ca bn, gio vin mnh c th hon thin
tt gio n ny. n c th tr thnh ti liu hc tp cho cc bn . Cng nh chun b
hnh trang bc vo cng trng H C l mt bc m tin ti thnh cng sau
ny.
Mi kin phn hi xin gi v a ch : Hieu_100293@yahoo.com
Chc cc bn hc sinh thi tt, chc cc thy c gio dy tt !!
Thn tng bn.
Hiu
Thay i l quy lut sng. Nhng ai ch vit nhn vo qu kh v hin tri chc chn s nh
mt tng lai.
Hu ht mi ngi b cuc khi thnh cng ti rt gn.
H b cuc khi ch cn cch ch mt mt.
H b cuc ngay khi cuc chi ch cn li mt pht, khi d chm c mt tay vo chin
thng.
Mi ngi bo ti l ngi cu ton, nhng iu khng chnh xc. Ti ch l ngi lun
tm kim s hon thin. Ti lun lm mt vic g cho ti khi hon thnh xong, ri sau
, ti li chuyn sang vic khc.
Bn c ban cho i chn mi ln bn mc li khi bc chn tri ln, chn phi s a
bn li ng ng.

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