You are on page 1of 4

TNH PH TRONG CC DUNG DCH NC

Gi s c h gm: mt axt yu HA c hng s Ka v nng Ca mt baz yu NaA (mui ca axit yu v baz mnh) c nng Cb.

Ngoi cc phng trnh (1, 2, 3) ta cn c: Phng trnh trung ha in: [H+] + [Na] = [CH3COO-] + [OH-] (4) Phng trnh bo ton nng : [HA] + [A-] = Ca + Cb Bng cc php bin i ton hc, t 5 phng trnh trn, ngi ta chng minh c:

y l phng trnh tng qut tnh [H+] trong dung dch, n l phng trnh bc 3 ca [H+]. Do tnh pH trong cc dung dch nc, ta phi dng cch gii gn ng. Dung dch axt mnh c nng Ca.

Dung dch baz mnh c nng Cb.

Dung dch axit yu c Ka, Ca.

V l mt Axt yu nn [OH-] << Ka v Cb = 0, do t (2.5) ta c:

Dung dch ca mt baz yu c Kb v Cb. V l mt baz nn

T (2.5) ta c:

Dung dch gm 1 axit yu v 1 baz yu (dung dch m) nh ngha: Dung dch m l dung dch c gi tr pH khng thay i hoc thay i rt t khi thm mt lng nh axit mnh hoc mt lng nh baz mnh vo dung dch , k c khi pha long dung dch. V d h m axtat 1 M:

Thm 10ml HCl 0,1M vo pH = 4,7 Thm 10ml NaOH 0,1 M vo pH = 4,9 Cc loi dung dch m m axtt: CH3COOH / CH3COONa

m cacbonat: NaHCO3/ Na2CO3 m Amoni: NH4Cl / NH4OH m pht pht: Na2HPO4 / Na3PO4 (hoc NaH2PO4 / Na2HPO4; H3PO4 / NaH2PO4). Nhng h m ch c mt cp axt baz lin hp c gi l m n, cn h c 2 cp axt baz lin hp c gi l m a. Cng thc tnh pH ca dung dch m V dung dch c mt axt yu v mt baz yu nn t (2.5) ta c:

Dung dch axit a chc: H3PO4, H2SO3, H2CO3. Loi axit a chc ny phn li theo nhiu nc ?

Nu nc (1) cch xa nhiu nc (2) hng vn ln th khi tnh ton vi axt 2 nc ngi ta khng tnh n nc 2, coi nh nh mt n axt yu m pK1= pKa ca n axt yu:

Vi axit ba nc ngi ta tnh pH nc 1 NaH2PO4 theo cng thc sau:

Cn nc th 3 c tnh (Na3PO4):

You might also like