I.

GII THIU: Mch to dao ng RC l mch t to dao ng da trn nguyn l ca mch dao ng cu Vin to ra dao ng hnh sin c dng phm vi tn s thp thay cho cc b to dao ng LC. Mch c 3 khi : 1. Khi khuch i chnh (mc theo kiu EC lm vic ch A) 2. Khi khuch i m (mc theo kiu CC lm vic ch A) 3. Khi phn hi (khi to dao ng s dng mch cu Vin) II. NHIM V CA BI THC HNH: Lp rp mch dao ng RC t to dao ng da trn nguyn l ca mch cu Vin, to ra tn hiu hnh sin c bin nh - nh ln hn 1.5V v sai s tn s khng vt qu sai s cho php (15%) v c n nh cao. III. MCH NGUYN L V MCH LP RP: 1. Mch nguyn l :
9V C3 20nF

100k

330k

2k

R1*

Rc1 C4 + T1 C5 +

R2*

Rc2 C7 +

100k

820

R3*
T3 C8 +

T2

1.5k

5.6

10k

10k

10k 40%

Re3

3.3k

C1 20nF

Rpa

Rph

Re1

Re2

C6 1k

Ra

C2 20nF

Hnh 1 Vi cc thng s linh kin : R1*, R3* = 100 300k R2* = 200 500k RC1, RC2, RE3 = 200 Ohm 2k Rpa = Rph = 10 20k RE1 = 470 Ohm 1.5k Ra = 35k C1 = C2 = 10 20nF Cc t ha = 10 100F Dng ngun 1 chiu 9V
1

2. Mch lp rp :

Hnh 2 3. Mch i dy :

Hnh 3

IV. 1. -

CU TO V TC DNG CA CC KHI CHC NNG V CC LINH KIN: Khi khuch i chnh: Khi khuch i gm 2 tng khuch i c mc theo kiu EC. Hai n T1 v T2 l transistor c mc theo kiu EC v cng lm vic ch A c h s khuch i ln. T ha C4 l t ni tng. R1*, RC1, RE1 dng xc nh im lm vic tnh Q cho n T1 (xc nh cc thng s 1 chiu UBE1 v UCE1). R2*, RC2, RE2 dng xc nh im lm vic tnh Q cho n T2 (xc nh cc thng s 1 chiu UBE2 v UCE2). T ha ni C7 dng n nh dng 1 chiu. T ha C5 v trit p ng vai tr hi tip ni tip in p (hi tip m xoay chiu) lm thay i bin ra ca tn hiu (y l mch sa dng xung).

2. Khi phn hi: - n T1, T2 hot ng nh c dng hi tip dng t cc C ca T2 a v. Dng hi tip dng c a qua mch lc tn s c mc theo kiu cu Vin. - Mch cu Vin c cu to bi mch lc thng di c dng nh trn Hnh 4, gm in tr Rpa, Rph v cc t C1, C2. - Cc linh kin ny xc nh tn s cho tn hiu ra c cho bi cng thc :

Nu ly gi tr Rpa = Rph = R v C1 = C2 = C th ta c cng thc tnh nh sau :

C2 Uvao

Rph Ura C1 Rpa

Hnh 4

3. Khi khuch i m: - Khi khuch i m l khi khuch i dng din c mc theo kiu CC v lm vic ch A. - C7 lm nhim v ni tng, C3 c tc dng chng nhiu. - n T3 mc theo kiu CC v c h s khuch i in p K U ~ 1, nn khng nh hng ln n bin v dng xung ca tn hiu ra. - R3* v RE3 dng phn p cho T3 xc nh UBE3 v UCE3. - T C8 c tc dng trit tiu dng 1 chiu u ra. - Ra dng ly in p ra. V. HOT NG CA MCH: Khi cp in p ngun 1 chiu 9V, xy ra hin tng hi tip dng gy t kch cc base ca n T1, sau c khuch i bi n T1. n T1 c mc theo kiu EC v lm vic ch A v vy tn hiu sau khi i qua T1 s ngc pha vi tn hiu cc base ca T1. Tn hiu c khuch i tip T2. Do T2 cng mc theo kiu EC nn tn hiu s o pha 1 ln na v ng pha vi tn hiu cc base ca T1. Sau tn hiu c i qua T3. Do T3 mc theo kiu CC v khuch i dng in c tc dng nh dng, do h s khuch i in p xp x bng 1 nn khng lm thay i gi tr bin ca tn hiu. VI. QU TRNH TIN HNH V IU CHNH CC THNG S CA MCH: Lp rp linh kin v i dy nh Hnh 2, Hnh 3 nhng cha mc trit p vo mch. Kim tra mch i dy v v tr linh kin vi s lp rp, ch t ha phi mc ng chiu. 1. iu chnh ch 1 chiu: - Trc ht, ta ngt ng hi tip dng v m v T1 bng cch ngt 1 chn t C2 v cha lp trit p. - Dng ng h o t thang DVC (2.5 hoc 10V) o U BE v UCE ca tng n. - Cc gi tr in p phi iu chnh tha mn cc thng s trong bng sau: UBE (V) UCE (V) T1 0.5 0.55 7.5 8.3 T2 0.5 0.63 3.8 4.2 T3 0.55 0.63 3.8 4.5

- Ta da vo cc cng thc sau iu chnh cc thng s trn :

IC = I B

(2)
4

UBE = Upa UE (3) UCE = UN IC(RC + RE) (4) - Trc khi iu chnh, o c kt qu nh sau: UBE (V) UCE (V) T1 0.55 8.2 T2 0.65 4.8 T3 0.65 4.4

- Sau , iu chnh RC2 t gi tr 560 ln 940 (hai in tr 470 mc ni tip) gim UCE, ta thu c kt qu nh bng sau : T1 T2 T3 UBE (V) 0.55 0.65 0.65 UCE (V) 8.2 4.0 4.4 2. iu chnh ch xoay chiu: - Sau khi iu chnh xong ch 1 chiu, cc gi tr in p trn cc n t yu cu, ta tin hnh o ch xoay chiu. Ta s hn li ng hi tip dng (hn li t C2 ) v hn trit p vo ng v tr trn mch. - Bt osillocope ta gn 2 que o vo 2 u in tr R a (gn ng chiu), ta thy trn mn hinh osiloscope c 1 ng thng hoc xung vung (Hnh 5)

Hnh 5 Ta iu chnh trit p tn hiu c dng hnh sin:

Hnh 6
5

in p nh nh ca tn hiu ra thp? iu chnh tng in p ra ta iu chnh : n T1 cho T1 lm vic ch khuch i v U BE t gi tr thp nht c th (iu chnh R1*), chn RE1 mc cao nht c th. iu chnh n T2 UBE v UCE t gi tr ln nht c th (iu chnh R 2* v RC2), chn RE2 c gi tr nh nht c th. iu chnh n T3 sao cho UBE ca n 3 l ln nht c th (iu chnh R3*). Mch khng c tn hiu xoay chiu m mch khng dao ng? Xem li cc t ni tng mc ng chiu hay cha? Kim tra li cc ng i dy v cc linh kin xem ng vi s lp rp hay cha? Kim tra li ng hi tip dng (Nu khng c ng hi tip dng th mch khng dao ng). Tn s b sai hoc c sai s qu ln so vi l thuyt? Ta cn iu chnh t C1 v t C2, in tr Rpa v Rph v xem li cc in p UCE v UBE ca cc n t yu cu hay cha? VII. KT LUN: 1. in p 1 chiu trn cc n: UBE (V) UCE (V) T1 0.55 8.2 T2 0.65 4.0 T3 0.65 4.4

2. Gi tr in p ra: Upp = 2.6 V 3. Gi tr chu k o c : 2.90.2 ms 4. Gi tr tn s o c: 1724 Hz 5. Sai s in p: Tn s chun ng vi cc t 10nF v in tr 10k: 1592Hz Sai s tn s ca mch so vi tn s trn l: 8.3%