Tablas Vigas

BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS
For Various Static Loading Conditions

For meaning of symbols, see page 4-187
1. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . = wl
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = w
l
2
x
_
,
M
max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
8
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx
2
(l x)
max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
5wl
4
384EI
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx
24EI
(l
2
2lx
2
+ x
3
)
2. SIMPLE BEAMLOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO ONE END
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . =
16W
93
1.0264W
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
W
3
R
2
V
2 max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
2W
3
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
W
3

Wx
2
l
2
M
max
(at x =
l
3
.5774 l) . . . . . . . =
2Wl
93
.1283 Wl
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wx
3l
2
(l
2
x
2
)
max
(at x = l 1
8
15
.5193 l) . . = 0.1304
Wl
3
EI
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wx
180EIl
2
(3x
4
10l
2
x
2
+ 7l
4
)
3. SIMPLE BEAMLOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO CENTER
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . =
4W
3
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
W
2
V
x
(when x <
l
2
) . . . . . . . . . . =
W
2l
2
(l
2
4x
2
)
M
max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wl
6
M
x
(when x <
l
2
) . . . . . . . . . . = Wx
1
2

2x
2
3l
2
_
max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wl
3
60EI
x
(when x <
l
2
) . . . . . . . . . . =
Wx
480EIl
2
(5l
2
4x
2
)
2
Moment
Shear
l
x
l
R R
2 2
l l
V
V
M
max
w
Moment
Shear
l
x
W
R R
2 2
l l
V
V
M
max
Moment
Shear
l
x
W
R R
l
V
V
M
max
1 2
.5774
2
1
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION
4 - 190 BEAM AND GIRDER DESIGN
4. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORMLY LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED
R
1
V
1
(max. when a < c) . . . . . . . =
wb
2l
(2c + b)
R
2
V
2
(max. when a > c) . . . . . . . =
wb
2l
(2a + b)
V
x
(when x > a and < (a + b)) . . . = R
1
w(x a)
M
max
at x a +
R
1
w
_
,
. . . . . . . . = R
1

a +
R
1
2w
_
,
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
M
x
(when x > a and < (a + b)) . . . = R
1
x
w
2
(x a)
2
M
x
(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R
2
(l x)
5. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED AT ONE END
R
1
V
1 max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wa
2l
(2l a)
R
2
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wa
2
2l
V
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R
1
wx
M
max
at x
R
1
w
_
,
. . . . . . . . . . =
R
1
2
2w
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
wx
2
2
M
x
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . = R
2
(l x)
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . =
wx
24EIl
(a
2
(2l a)
2
2ax
2
(2l a) + lx
3
)
x
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . =
wa
2
(l x)
24EIl
(4xl 2x
2
a
2
)
6. SIMPLE BEAMUNIFORM LOAD PARTIALLY DISTRIBUTED AT EACH END
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
1
a(2l a) + w
2
c
2
2l
R
2
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
2
c(2l c) + w
1
a
2
2l
V
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R
1
w
1
x
V
x
(when x > a and < (a + b)) = R
1
w
1
a
V
x
(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R
2
w
2
(l x)
M
max
at x
R
1
w
1
when R
1
< w
1
a
_
,
=
R
1
2
2w
1
M
max
at x l
R
1
w
2
when R
2
< w
2
c
_
,
=
R
2
2
2w
2
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
w
1
x
2
2
M
x
(when x > a and < (a + b)) . . . = R
1
x
w
1
a
2
(2x a)
M
x
(when x > (a + b)) . . . . . . . = R
2
(l x)
w
2
(l x)
2
2
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
max
a b c
wb
1
2
a+
w
R
1
2
1
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
max
a
1 2
R
1
2
1
wa
w
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
max
a
1 2
R
1
2
1
b c
1
2
1
w a
w c
w
BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS 4 - 191
7. SIMPLE BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . = 2P
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
2
M
max
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pl
4
M
x
when x <
1
2
_
,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Px
2
max
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pl
3
48EI
when x <
1
2
_
,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Px
48EI
(3l
2
4x
2
)
8. SIMPLE BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . =
8Pab
l
2
R
1
V
1
(max when a < b) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
l
R
2
V
2
(max when a > b) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
l
M
max
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pab
l
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pbx
l
max
at x
a(a + 2b)
3
when a > b
_
,
. . . =
Pab(a + 2b) 3a(a + 2b)
27EIl
a
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2
b
2
3EIl
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pbx
6EIl
(l
2
b
2
x
2
)
9. SIMPLE BEAMTWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS SYMMETRICALLY PLACED
8Pa
l
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P
M
max
(between loads) . . . . . . . . . . . . = Pa
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = Px
max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
24EI
(3l
2
4a
2
)
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Px
6EI
(3la 3a
2
x
2
)
x
(when x > a and < (l a)) . . . . . . . =
Pa
6EI
(3lx 3x
2
a
2
)
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
M
max
P
a
V
a
P
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
max
P
a b
1
1
2
2
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
max
P
l l
2 2
10. SIMPLE BEAMTWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS UNSYMMETRICALLY
PLACED
R
1
V
1
(max. when a < b) . . . . . . . . . =
P
l
(l a + b)
R
2
V
2
(max. when a > b) . . . . . . . . . =
P
l
(l b + a)
V
x
(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . =
P
l
(b a)
M
1
(max. when a > b) . . . . . . . . . = R
1
a
M
2
(max. when a < b) . . . . . . . . . = R
2
b
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
M
x
(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . = R
1
x P(x a)
11. SIMPLE BEAMTWO UNEQUAL CONCENTRATED LOADS UNSYMMETRICALLY
PLACED
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
1
(l a) + P
2
b
l
R
2
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
1
a + P
2
(l b)
l
V
x
(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . = R
1
P
1
M
1
(max. when R
1
< P
1
) . . . . . . . . = R
1
a
M
2
(max. when R
2
< P
2
) . . . . . . . . = R
2
b
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
M
x
(when x > a and < (l b)) . . . . . = R
1
x P(x a)
12. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHERUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED
LOAD
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . = wl
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
3wl
8
R
2
V
2 max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
5wl
8
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
wx
M
max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
8
M
x
at x
3
8
l
_
,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . =
9
128
wl
2
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
wx
2
2
max
at x
l
16
(1 + 33 ) .4215 l
_
,
. . . =
wl
4
185EI
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wx
48EI
(l
3
3lx + 2x
3
)
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
M
M
1
P
a
V
b
P
1
1
2
2
2
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
M
M
1
P
a
V
b
P
1
1
2
2
2
1 2
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
M
1
1
1
2
2
max
4
3
8
l
l
l w
13. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHERCONCENTRATED LOAD AT
CENTER
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . =
3P
2
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
5P
15
R
2
V
2 max
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
11P
16
M
max
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . =
3Pl
16
M
1
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . =
5Pl
32
M
x
when x <
l
2
_
,
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
5Px
16
M
x
when x >
l
2
_
,
. . . . . . . . . . . . = P
l
2

11x
16
_
max
at x l
1
5
.4472 l
_
,
. . . . . . . =
Pl
3
48EI5
.009317
Pl
3
EI
x
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . =
7PL
3
768EI
when x <
l
2
_
,
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
Px
96EI
(3l
2
5x
2
)
when x >
l
2
_
,
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
96EI
(x l)
2
(11x 2l)
14. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, SUPPORTED AT OTHERCONCENTRATED LOAD AT
ANY POINT
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
2
2l
3
(a + 2l)
R
2
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2l
3
(3l
2
a
2
)
M (at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
a
M
2
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pab
2l
2
(a + l)
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
M
x
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x P(x a)
max
when a < .414l at x l

(l
2
+ a
2
)
(3l
2
a
2
)
_
,
=
Pa(l
2
+ a
2
)
3
3EI(3l
2
a
2
)
2
max
when a > .414l at x l

a
2l + a
_
.......... =
Pab
2
6EI

a
2l + a
a
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2
b
3
12EIl
3
(3l + a)
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
2
x
12EIl
3
(3al
2
2lx
2
ax
2
)
x
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
12EIl
2
(l x)
2
(3l
2
x a
3
x 2a
2
l)
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
max
P
l l
2 2
1
1
1
2
2
3
11
l
M
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
2
P
1
1
1
2
2
Pa
R
M
a b
2
15. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDSUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOADS
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . =
2wl
3
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = w
l
2
x
_
,
M
max
(at ends) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
12
M
1
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
24
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
12
(6lx l
2
6x
2
)
max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
4
384EI
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx
2
24EI
(l x)
2
16. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDSCONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . = P
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
2
M
max
(at center and ends) . . . . . . . . =
Pl
8
M
x
when x <
l
2
_
,
. . . . . . . . . . . =
P
8
(4x l)
max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pl
3
192EI
when x <
l
2
_
,
. . . . . . . . . . . =
Px
2
48EI
(3l 4x)
17. BEAM FIXED AT BOTH ENDSCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
R
1
V
1
(max. when a < b) . . . . . . . . =
Pb
2
l
3
(3a + b)
R
2
V
2
(max. when a > b) . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2
l
3
(a + 3b)
M
1
(max. when a < b) . . . . . . . . =
Pab
2
l
2
M
2
(max. when a > b) . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2
b
l
2
M
a
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . =
2Pa
2
b
2
l
3
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . = R
1
x
Pab
2
l
2
max
when a > b at x
2al
3a + b
_
,
. . . . =
2Pa
3
b
2
3EI(3a + b)
2
a
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
3
b
3
3EIl
3
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
2
x
2
6EIl
2
(3al 3ax bx)
Moment
Shear
l
x
w
R R
V
V
M
M M
1
max
l
l
2 2
l l
.2113
max
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
M M
max
l
4
2
l l
max
P
2
max
Moment
Shear
l
x
R R
V
V
M
M
M
2 1
P
a
2
2
1
1
a b
18. CANTILEVER BEAMLOAD INCREASING UNIFORMLY TO FIXED END
8
3
W
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = W
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = W
x
2
l
2
M
max
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wl
3
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wx
3
3l
2
max
(at free end) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Wl
3
15EI
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
W
60EIl
2
(x
5
5l
4
x + 4l
5
)
19. CANTILEVER BEAMUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . = 4wl
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wl
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wx
M
max
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
2
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx
2
2
max
(at free end) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
4
8EI
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
24EI
(x
4
4l
3
x + 3l
4
)
20. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, FREE TO DEFLECT VERTICALLY BUT NOT ROTATE
AT OTHERUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
8
3
wl
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wl
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wx
M
max
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
3
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
6
(l
2
3x
2
)
max
(at deflected end) . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
4
24EI
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w(l
2
x
2
)
2
24EI
Shear
l
x
R
V
M
M
M
w
max
Moment
l
.4227l
1
Shear
l
x
R
V
M
w
max
Moment
l
Shear
l
x
R
W
V
M
max
Moment
21. CANTILEVER BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
8Pb
l
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P
M
max
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . = Pb
M
x
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . . . . = P(x a)
max
(at free end) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
2
6EI
(3l b)
a
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
3
3EI
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
2
6EI
(3l 3x b)
x
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P(l x)
2
6EI
(3b l + x)
22. CANTILEVER BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT FREE END
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . = 8P
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P
M
max
(at fixed end) . . . . . . . . . . . . = Pl
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = Px
max
(at free end) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pl
3
3EI
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
6EI
(2l
3
3l
2
x + x
3
)
23. BEAM FIXED AT ONE END, FREE TO DEFLECT VERTICALLY BUT NOT ROTATE
AT OTHERCONCENTRATED LOAD AT DEFLECTED END
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . = 4P
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P
M
max
(at both ends) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pl
2
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P
l
2
x
_
max
(at deflected end) . . . . . . . . . . =
pl
3
12EI
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P(l x)
2
12EI
(l + 2x)
Shear
l
x
R
V
M
max
Moment
P
a b
Shear
l
x
R
V
M
max
Moment
P
Shear
l
x
R
V
M
M
M
max
Moment
P
max
l
2
24. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
2l
(l
2
a
2
)
R
2
V
2
+ V
3
. . . . . . . . . . . =
w
2l
(l + a)
2
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wa
V
3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
w
2l
(l
2
+ a
2
)
V
x
(between supports) . . . . . = R
1
wx
V
x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . = w(a x
1
)
M
1
at x
l
2

1
a
2
l
2
1
1
]
_
,
. . . . . =
w
8l
2
(l + a)
2
(l a)
2
M
2
(at R
2
) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wa
2
2
M
x
(between supports) . . . . . =
wx
2l
(l
2
a
2
xl)
M
x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . =
w
2
(a x
1
)
2
x
wx
24EIl
(l
4
2l
2
x
2
+ lx
3
2a
2
l
2
+ 2a
2
x
2
)
x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . =
wx
1
24EI
(4a
2
l l
3
+ 6a
2
x
1
4ax
1
2
+ x
1
3
)
25. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD ON
OVERHANG
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wa
2
2l
R
2
V
1
+ V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
wa
2l
(2l + a)
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = wa
V
x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . = w(a x
1
)
M
max
(at R
2
) . . . . . . . . . . . =
wa
2
2
M
x
wa
2
x
2l
M
x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . =
w
2
(a x
1
)
2
max
between supports at x
l
3
_
,
=
wa
2
l
2
183 EI
0.03208
wa
2
l
2
EI
max
(for overhang at x
1
a) . . . =
wa
3
24EI
(4l + 3a)
x
wa
2
x
12EIl
(l
2
x
2
)
x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . =
wx
1
24EI
(4a
2
l + 6a
2
x
1
4ax
1
2
+ x
1
3
)
Shear
l
x
R
2
w( +a)
Moment
l
a
x
1
R
1
2
2
1
1
( )
( )
l
l
l
l
a
a
2
2
2
2
M
M
1
2
3
1
V V
V
Shear
l
x
wa
R
max
Moment
a
x
1
R
1 2
2
1
V
V
M
26. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTCONCENTRATED LOAD AT END OF OVERHANG
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
l
R
2
V
1
+ V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
P
l
(l + a)
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P
M
max
(at R
2
) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = Pa
M
x
(between supports) . . . . . . . . . . =
Pax
l
M
x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . . . . . . . = P(a x
1
)
max
between supports at x
l
3
_
,
. . . . . =
Pal
2
93 EI
.06415
Pal
2
EI
max
(for overhang at x
1
a) . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2
3EI
(l + a)
x
(between supports) . . . . . . . . . . =
Pax
6EIl
(l
2
x
2)
x
1
(for overhang) . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Px
1
6EI
(2al + 3ax
1
x
1
2
)
27. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD
BETWEEN SUPPORTS
Total Equiv. Uniform Load . . . . . . . . . . = wl
R V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = w
l
2
x
_
,
M
max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
8
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx
2
(l x)
max
(at center) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
5wl
4
384EI
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx
24EI
(l
2
2lx
2
+ x
3
)
x
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
3
x
1
24EI
28. BEAM OVERHANGING ONE SUPPORTCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
BETWEEN SUPPORTS
8Pab
l
2
R
1
V
1
(max. when a < b) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
l
R
2
V
2
(max. when a > b) . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
l
M
max
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pab
l
M
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pbx
l
max
at x
a(a + 2b)
3
when a > b
_
,
. . . =
Pab(a + 2b) 3a(a + 2b)
27EIl
a
(at point of load) . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2
b
2
3EIl
x
(when x < a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pbx
6EIl
(l
2
b
2
x
2
)
x
(when x > a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa(l x)
6EIl
(2lx x
2
a
2
)
x
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pabx
1
6EIl
(l + a)
Shear
l
x
R
max
Moment
a
x
1
R
1
2
2
1
V
M
V
P
Shear
l
x
R
Moment
a
w
x
1
R
V
V
l
l l
2 2
M
max
Shear
l
x
R
Moment
x
1
R
V
V
2
1
M
max
P
b a
1
2
29. CONTINUOUS BEAMTWO EQUAL SPANSUNIFORM LOAD ON ONE SPAN
Total Equiv. Uniform Load =
49
64
wl
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . =
7
16
wl
R
2
V
2
+ V
3
. . . . . . . . . =
5
8
wl
R
3
V
3
. . . . . . . . . . . =
1
16
wl
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
9
16
wl
M
max
at x
7
16
l
_
,
. . . . . =
49
512
wl
2
M
1
(at support R
2
) . . . . =
1
16
wl
2
M
x
(when x < l) . . . . . =
wx
16
(7l 8x)
max
(at 0.472 l from R
1
) . . = .0092 wl
4
/ EI
30. CONTINUOUS BEAMTWO EQUAL SPANSCONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER
OF ONE SPAN
Total Equiv. Uniform Load =
13
8
P
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . =
13
32
P
R
2
V
2
+ V
3
. . . . . . . . . =
11
16
P
R
3
V
3
. . . . . . . . . . . =
3
32
P
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
19
32
P
M
max
(at point of load) . . . =
13
64
Pl
M
1
(at support R
2
) . . . . =
3
32
Pl
max
(at 0.480 l from R
1
) . . = .015Pl
3
/ EI
31. CONTINUOUS BEAMTWO EQUAL SPANSCONCENTRATED LOAD AT ANY POINT
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . =
Pb
4l
3
(4l
2
a(l + a))
R
2
V
2
+ V
3
. . . . . . . . . =
Pa
2l
3
(2l
2
+ b(l + a))
R
3
V
3
. . . . . . . . . . . =
Pab
4l
3
(l + a)
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . =
Pa
4l
3
(4l
2
+ b(l + a))
M
max
(at point of load) . . . =
Pab
4l
3
(4l
2
a(l + a))
M
1
(at support R
2
) . . . . =
Pab
4l
2
(l + a)
x
wl
R R R
1 2 3
l l
1
2
3
V
7
16
l
Shear
Moment
V
V
M
M
1
max
R R R
1 2 3
l l
1
2
3
V
Shear
Moment
V
V
M
M
1
max
P l l
2 2
R R R
1 2 3
l l
1
2
3
V
Shear
Moment
V
V
M
M
1
max
P
a b
32. BEAMUNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD AND VARIABLE END MOMENTS
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2
+
M
1
M
2
l
R
2
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . =
wl
2

M
1
M
2
l
V
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . = w
l
2
x
_
,
+
M
1
M
2
l
M
3
at x
l
2
+
M
1
M
2
wl
_
,
. . =
wl
2
8

M
1
+ M
2
2
+
(M
1
M
2
)
2
2wl
2
M
x
. . . . . . . . . . . . . =
wx
2
(l x) +
M
1
M
2
l
_
,
x M
1
b (to locate inflection points) =
l
2
4

M
1
+ M
2
w
_
,
+
M
1
M
2
wl
_
,
2
x
=
wx
24EI

x
3

2l +
4M
1
wl

4M
2
wl
_
,
x
2
+
12M
1
w
x + l
2

8M
1
l
w

4M
2
l
w
1
1
]
33. BEAMCONCENTRATED LOAD AT CENTER AND VARIABLE END MOMENTS
R
1
V
1
. . . . . . . . . . . =
P
2
+
M
1
M
2
l
R
2
V
2
. . . . . . . . . . . =
P
2

M
1
M
2
l
M
3
(at center) . . . . . . . . =
Pl
4

M
1
+ M
2
2
M
x
when x <
l
2
_
,
. . . . . . =
P
2
+
M
1
M
2
l
_
,
x M
1
M
x
when x >
l
2
_
,
. . . . . . =
P
2
(l x) +
(M
1
M
2
)x
l
M
1
when x <
l
2
_
,

Px
48EI

3l
2
4x
2

8(l x)
Pl
[M
1
(2l x) + M
2
(l + x)]
_
,
Shear
l
x
w
R
Moment
R
V
V
2 1
M
1
1
2
l M M
1 2
M >M
1 2
M
3
M
2
b b
Shear
l
x
R
Moment
R
V
V
2
1
M
1
1
2
M M
1 2
M >M
1 2
M
3
M
2
P
l l
2 2
34. CONTINUOUS BEAMTHREE EQUAL SPANSONE END SPAN UNLOADED
35. CONTINUOUS BEAMTHREE EQUAL SPANSEND SPANS LOADED
36. CONTINUOUS BEAMTHREE EQUAL SPANSALL SPANS LOADED

wl wl
A B C D l l l
R = 0.383
A
l w R = 1.20
B
wl R = 0.450
C
wl
R = 0.033
D
wl
Shear
Moment
0.383wl
l w 0.583 l w 0.033
l w 0.617 l w 0.417
l w 0.033
0.583 0.383 l l
+0.0735 wl
2
0.1167
2
wl
+0.0534
2
wl
0.0333
2
wl
(0.430 from A) = 0.0059 w / El l l
4
max
wl wl
A B C D l l l
R = 0.450
A
l w R = 0.550
B
wl R = 0.550
C
wl
R = 0.450
D
wl
Shear
Moment
0.450 wl
l w 0.550
l w 0.550
l w 0.450
0.450l
+0.1013 wl
2
0.050
2
wl
+0.1013
2
wl
(0.479 from A or D) = 0.0099 w / El l l
4
0.450 l
max
wl wl
A B C D l l l
R = 0.400
A
l w R = 1.10
B
wl R = 1.10
C
wl
R = 0.400
D
wl
Shear
Moment
0.400 wl
l w 0.600
l w 0.600
l w 0.400
0.400 l
+0.080 wl
2
+0.025
2
wl
+0.080
2
wl
(0.446 from A or D) = 0.0069 w / El l l
4
0.400 l
l w
0.500 l w
0.500 l w
0.100 l w
2
0.100 l w
2
0.500 l 0.500 l
max

37. CONTINUOUS BEAMFOUR EQUAL SPANSTHIRD SPAN UNLOADED
38. CONTINUOUS BEAMFOUR EQUAL SPANSLOAD FIRST AND THIRD SPANS
39. CONTINUOUS BEAMFOUR EQUAL SPANSALL SPANS LOADED

wl
A B C E l l l
R = 0.380
A
l w R = 1.223
B
wl R = 0.357
C
wl
R = 0.442
E
wl
Shear
Moment
0.380wl
l w 0.620
l w 0.442
0.380 l
+0.072 wl
2
+0.0611
2
wl
+0.0977
2
wl
(0.475 from E) = 0.0094 w / El l l
4
0.442 l
l w
0.603 l w
0.397 l w
0.1205 l w
2
0.0179 l w
2
0.603 l
D
l w
l
R = 0.598
D
wl
0.558 l w
0.040 l w
0.058
2
wl
max
wl
A B C E l l l
R = 0.446
A
l w R = 0.572
B
wl R = 0.464
C
wl
R = 0.054
E
wl
Shear
Moment
0.446wl
l w 0.554
l w 0.054
0.446 l
+0.0996 wl
2
+0.0805
2
wl
(0.477 from A) = 0.0097 w / El l l
4
0.518l
0.018 l w 0.482 l w
0.0536 l w
2
0.0357 l w
2
D
l w
l
R = 0.572
D
wl
0.054 l w
0.518 l w
0.0536
2
wl
max
wl wl
A B C E l l l
R = 0.393
A
l w R = 1.143
B
wl R = 0.928
C
wl R = 0.393
E
wl
Shear
Moment
0.393 wl
l w 0.464
l w 0.607
l w 0.393
0.393l
+0.0772 wl
2
+0.0364
2
wl
+0.0772
2
wl
(0.440 from A and D) = 0.0065 w / El l l
4
0.393 l
l w
0.536 l w
0.464 l w
0.1071 l w
2
0.0714 l w
2
0.536 l 0.536 l
D
l w
l
R = 1.143
D
wl
0.607 l w
0.536 l w
+0.0364 wl
2
0.1071
2
wl
max

M
max
40. SIMPLE BEAMONE CONCENTRATED MOVING LOAD
R
1 max
V
1 max
(at x 0) . . . . . . . . . . . = P
M
max

at point of load, when x

1
2
_
,
. . . . . =
Pl
4
41. SIMPLE BEAMTWO EQUAL CONCENTRATED MOVING LOADS
R
1 max
V
1 max
(at x = 0) . . . . . . . . . . . = P
2
a
l
_
,
when a <, (2 2 ) l . . . . . = .586l
under load 1 at x
1
2

l
a
2
_
,
. . =
P
2l

l
a
2
_
,
2
when a > (2 2 )l . . . . . = .586l
with one load at center of span =
Pl
4
(Case 40)
42. SIMPLE BEAMTWO UNEQUAL CONCENTRATED MOVING LOADS
R
1 max
V
1 max
(at x 0) . . . . . . . . . . . = P
1
+ P
2

l a
l
under P
1
, at x
1
2

l
P
2
a
P
1
+ P
2
_
,
= (P
1
+ P
2
)
x
2
l
M
max
may occur with larger
load at center of span and other
load off span (Case 40) . . . =
P
1
l
4
GENERAL RULES FOR SIMPLE BEAMS CARRYING MOVING CONCENTRATED LOADS
The maximum shear due to moving concentrated loads occurs at
one support when one of the loads is at that support. With several
moving loads, the location that will produce maximum shear must be
determined by trial.
The maximum bending moment produced by moving concentrated
loads occurs under one of the loads when that load is as far from one
support as the center of gravity of all the moving loads on the beam is
from the other support.
In the accompanying diagram, the maximum bending moment
occurs under load P
1
when x b. It should also be noted that this
condition occurs when the centerline of the span is midway between
the center of gravity of loads and the nearest concentrated load.
M
max
l
1
x
2
P
R R
l
1
x a
2
P
R R
P
1 2
l
1
x a
2
P P
R R
1 2
P > P
1 2
l
1 2
P
R R
a
P
1 2
Moment
M
l
2
x
b
C.G.
Design properties of cantilevered beams
Equal loads, equally spaced
No. Spans System
2
3
4
5
6
(even)
7
(odd)
n 2 3 4 5
Typical Span
Loading
M
1
M
2
M
3
M
4
M
5
0.086PL
0.096PL
0.063PL
0.039PL
0.051PL
0.167PL
0.188PL
0.125PL
0.083PL
0.104PL
0.250PL
0.278PL
0.167PL
0.083PL
0.139PL
0.333PL
0.375PL
0.250PL
0.167PL
0.208PL
0.429PL
0.480PL
0.300PL
0.171PL
0.249PL
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
0.414P
1.172P
0.438P
1.063P
1.086P
1.109P
0.977P
1.000P
0.833P
2.333P
0.875P
2.125P
2.167P
2.208P
1.958P
2.000P
1.250P
3.500P
1.333P
3.167P
3.250P
3.333P
2.917P
3.000P
1.667P
4.667P
1.750P
4.250P
4.333P
4.417P
3.917P
4.000P
2.071P
5.857P
2.200P
5.300P
5.429P
5.557P
4.871P
5.000P
a
b
c
d
e
f
0.172L
0.125L
0.220L
0.204L
0.157L
0.147L
0.250L
0.200L
0.333L
0.308L
0.273L
0.250L
0.200L
0.143L
0.250L
0.231L
0.182L
0.167L
0.182L
0.143L
0.222L
0.211L
0.176L
0.167L
0.176L
0.130L
0.229L
0.203L
0.160L
0.150L
M
o
m
e
n
t
s
R
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
C
a
n
t
i
l
e
v
e
r
D
i
m
e
n
s
i
o
n
s
1
M
1
M M
1
A B
a
A
M
3 3
M
1
M M
1
2
M
3
M
2
M
1
M M
4 1
M
C
A
D
E
D
E
C
A
b b
c c
1
M M
3
M
3
1
M M
5 3
M
2
M
A F G D C
d e b
M
3 3
M
3
M
3
M
1
M M
3
M
3
M
1
2
M
3
M
3
M
3
M
2
M
1
M M
5 3
M
5
M M
1
C
A
D
F
H
G
H
G
D
F
C
A
b f b f
d e e d
f f
1
M M
3
M
3
M
3
M
3
1
M M
5 3
M
3
M M
3 2
M
A F G H H D C
d e b
M
3 3
M
3
M
3
M
3
M
3 M
1
M M
3
M
3
M
3
M
3
M
1
2
M
3
M
3
M
3
M
3
M
3
M
2
M
1
M M
5 3
M
3
M M
3 5
M
1
M
C
A
D
F
H
G
H
H
H
H
H
G
D
F
C
A
b f
f f
f f b f
d e e d
P
2
P
2
P
P 2
P
2
P
P P 2
P
2
P
P P P 2
P
2
P
P P P P
CONTINUOUS BEAMS
MOMENT AND SHEAR COEFFICIENTS
EQUAL SPANS, EQUALLY LOADED
MOMENT
in terms of wl
2
UNIFORM LOAD SHEAR
in terms of wl
MOMENT
in terms of Pl
CONCENTRATED LOADS
at center
SHEAR
in terms of P
MOMENT
in terms of Pl
CONCENTRATED LOADS
at
1
3
points
SHEAR
in terms of P
MOMENT
in terms of Pl
CONCENTRATED LOADS
at
1
4
points
SHEAR
in terms of P
+.07
.125
+.07
+.08
.10
+.025
.10
+.077
.107
+.036
.071
+.036
.107
+.078
.105 .073 .073 .105
+.078
.106 .077 .086 .077 .106
+.078
.106 .077 .085 .085 .077 .106
+.08
+.077
+.078
+.078
+.078
142
0 36
142
86 75
142
67 70
142
72 71
142
71 72
142
70 67
142
75 86
142
36 0
51
104
63
104 104
0 41 55 43
104
53 53
104
51 49 41 63 55
104
0
104
23
38
0 15
38 38
23 20 19
38
19 18
38
18 20
38
15 0
15
28
0
28
11 17
28
13 13
28
15 17
28
0 11
10 10
0 4 5 5
10
6
10
6 4 0
0 3 5 5 3 0
8 8 8
P P
P P P
P P P P P
.31 .69 .69 .31
.35 .65 .50 .50 .65 .35
.34 .66 .54 .46 .50 .50 .46 .54 .66 .34
+.156 +.156
+.157
+.178
.15
+.10
.15
+.175
+.171
.138
+.11
.119
+.13
.119
+.11
.158
+.171
P P
P P P
P P P P P
.67 1.33 1.33 .67
.73 1.27 1.0 1.0 1.27 .73
.72 1.28 1.07 .93 1.0 1.0 .93 1.07 1.28 .72
P P
P P P
P P P P P
+.222 +.111 +.111 +.222
.333
+.244 +.156
.267
+.066 +.066
.267
+.156 +.244
+.24 +.146
.281
+.076 +.099
.211
+.122 +.122 +.24 +.146
.281
+.076 +.099
.211
P P
P P P
P P P P P
1.03 1.97 1.97 1.03
1.13 1.87 1.50 1.50 1.87 1.13
1.11 1.89 1.60 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.40 1.60 1.89 1.11
P P
P P P
P P P P P
P P
P P P
P P P P P
+.258 +.022
+.267 +.267
+.022 +.258
-.465
+.282
+.314
+.097
-.372
+.003
+.128
+.003
-.372
+.097
+.314
+.282
+.277
+.303
+.079
-.394
+.006
+.155
+.054
-.296
+.079
+.204
+.079
-.296
+.054
+.155
+.006
-.394
+.079
+.303
+.277

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Tablas Vigas

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BEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS

For Various Static Loading Conditions

when a < .414l at x l

when a > .414l at x l

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

at point of load, when x

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