Bai Toan Huu Co Kinh Dien

Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc 0985052510
vukhacngoc@gmail.com http://my.opera.com/saobanglanhgia

GII TON HA HC
V NGH THUT M THC

I. t vn
Sau khi bi vit Bi ton kinh in ca Ha hc: bi ton 9 cch gii ca ti ph bin
tr li trn cc din n mng (trc tng c post ln forum ca CLB Gia s H Ni
nm 2006), ti nhn c kh nhiu thng tin th v, rt nhiu Topic, Entry v c Email
phn hi (a s l ca cc gio vin) vi nhng tiu rt hp dn nh: Bi ton kinh in
li vo lch s, Bi ton kinh in khng cn l 9 cch gii, Cch th 10 cho bi ton
ca Sao bng, Qu tht l rt vui khi thy bi vit ca mnh n c vi s ng bn c
v to ra mt s thch nho nh cho nhng ai mun pht trin bi ton ny, nhng cng phi
bt ci cho ci s hiu thng ca tui tr. Cm hng lm ti mun vit bi ny, nh mt
cu chuyn vui v cho tt c mi ngi.
Gii mt bi ton Ha hc bng nhiu phng php l mt trong nhng ni dung quan
trng trong ging dy Ha hc trng ph thng nhm kch thch kh nng sng to v t duy
ca hc sinh. Nh ti tng cp trn mt din n:
Phng php Gio dc ta hin nay cn rt g b v hn ch tm suy ngh, sng to ca
hc sinh. Bn thn cc em hc sinh, khi i mt vi mt bi ton cng thng c tm l t hi
lng sau khi gii quyt c n bng mt cch no , m cha ngh n chuyn ti u ha
bi ton, gii quyt n bng cch nhanh nht. Gii quyt mt bi ton Ha hc bng nhiu cch
khc nhau l mt cch rt hay pht trin t duy v rn luyn k nng hc Ha ca mi ngi,
gip ta c kh nng nhn nhn vn theo nhiu hng khc nhau, pht trin t duy logic, s
dng thnh tho v vn dng ti a cc kin thc hc. i vi gio vin, suy ngh v bi ton
v gii quyt n bng nhiu cch cn l mt hng i c hiu qu tng qut ha hoc c
bit ha, lin h vi nhng bi ton cng dng, iu ny gp phn h tr, pht trin cc bi tp
hay v mi cho hc sinh.
Tuy nhin, vic rn luyn vic gii ton Ha hc bng nhiu phng php nhm hng
n mc tiu rn luyn k nng v t duy, khng c ngha rng chng ta phi gii bi ton bng
cng nhiu cch cng tt. y, cn phn bit r khi nim phng php v cch. Vic
lm dng, i khi l ph din mt bi ton cho c nhiu cch lm l khng cn thit v t hiu
qu trong hc tp.
i vi mt bi ton, nhng phng php t duy gii quyt l th nguyn liu khng
nhiu nhng nhng cch lm nhng mn n c xo xo, ch bin t l rt nhiu. Tuy
nhin, i t mt s t nguyn liu m iu ch ra c nhiu mn n ngon l mt cng vic
khng h n gin. Nu khng kho ch bin th sn phm thu c s khng u tay, cc mn


n hon ton khc nhau th c mn rt ngon, li c mn siu d v ngc li, nu ch bin c
ton mn ngon m li nhiu qu, hoc na n nh nhau th d sinh ra v ngn.
Trong cc bi ging trc, ti nhiu ln cp n Bi ton kinh in ca Ha hc
bi ton 9 cch gii m ti vit t nm 2006. Tnh n nay, ti hon ton c th t v n ra ti
hn 15 cch, nhng trong nhng cch , khng phi cch lm no cng hay, cng hiu qu.
Hm nay, ti xin gii thiu vi cc bn mt bi ton na, cng c th gi l mt bi ton
kinh in nhng l mt bi tp hu c. Bi ton ny cp i cng vi bi ton v c c s
lm nn mt b i siu kinh in cho nhng ai mun dy v hc v gii ton Ha hc. Bi vit
di y s trnh by 12 cch gii m theo ti tuy cha thc s nhanh, nhng rt hay v cc k
c ngha cho vic minh ha phng php.
12 cch lm ny c th xem l 12 mn n ngon cho mi bn c v hy vng, khng ai, sau
khi c bi vit ny phi cm thy ngn.
II. V d v phn tch
Hn hp X gm C H , C H v C H . t chy hon ton 24,8g hn hp X thu c
28,8g nc. Mt khc 0,5 mol hn hp ny tc dng va vi 500g dung dch Brom 20%.
Tnh % v th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp.
2 2 2 6 3 6
1. Nguyn liu
T cc d kin ca bi, ta c th d dng nhn ra cc du hiu nhn bit ca cc
phng php gii ton quen thuc (^^ ci ny th ti ch dm trnh by bng ngn ng ni, trc
tip ti lp hc thi). l:
- Phng php i s thng thng
- Phng php a thm s liu
- Phng php trung bnh v k thut ng cho
- Phng php ng cho
- Phng php phn tch h s v ng dng
- Phng php bo ton nguyn t v khi lng
- bt bo ha k
Tt nhin l y cc phng php ny an xen ln nhau v kh c th phn bit rch ri
vi nhau, ng thi, cng c kh c th ch dng mt phng php m c th gii quyt trn
vn c bi ton.
2. Xo nu
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong bi nh sau:
- Khi t chy:

vukhacngoc@gmail.com
2 2 2 2 2
2 6 2 2 2
3 6 2 2 2
5
2
2
7
2 3
2
9
3 3
2
C H O CO H O
C H O CO H O
C H O CO H O
+ +
+ +
+ +

- Khi tc dng vi Brom:
2 2 2 2 2 4
3 6 2 3 6 2
2

C H Br C H Br
C H Br C H Br
+
+

2 2
28, 8 500 20%
1, 6 0, 625
18 160
H O Br
n mol n mol
= = = =

Cch 1: Phng php i s thng thng (y l cch lm thng thng m hc sinh
no cng tng c bit v c l l khng di 70% hc sinh gii bi ton ny bng cch ny)
Gi s mol cc kh trong 24,8 gam hn hp X ln lt l x, y, z mol
v s mol cc kh trong 0,5 mol hn hp X ln lt l kx, ky, kz mol
T gi thit, ta c h phng trnh:
2 2
2 6 2 6
C H
C H C H
26 30 42 24, 8
0, 4
%V 50%
3 3 1, 6
0, 2
%V %V 25% 0, 5
1, 6
2 0, 625
x y z g
x mol
x y z mol
y z mol
kx ky kz mol
k
kx kz mol
+ + =
+ + =

= =

= = + + =

=
+ =

Cch 2: Phng php a thm s liu
Hn hp X theo bi l mt hn hp ng nht, t l gia cc thnh phn kh trong hn
hp l khng i, do , KLPT trung bnh ca hn hp
( )
M l mt gi tr khng i.
Ta dng phng php a thm s liu: gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca ba kh trong 1
mol hn hp X. T gi thit, ta c h phng trnh:
2 2
2 6 2 6
C H
C H C H
1
%V 50%
0, 5
0, 625
2 1, 25
%V %V 25% 0, 25 0, 5
24,8( 3 3 )
26 30 42
1, 6
x y z mol
x mol
x z
y z mol
x y z
M x y z
+ + =
=

+ = =

= = = =

+ +
= + + =

http://my.opera.com/saobanglanhgia


Cch 3: Phng php trung bnh +Phng php bo ton nguyn t v khi lng +
Phng php i s
Gi CTPT trung bnh ca c hn hp X l
x y
C H

p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t v khi lng, ta c:
1, 6 2 16
24, 8 1, 6 2 21, 6 1, 8
1, 8 9
C X H C
y
m m m g n mol
x

= = = = = =

Do , CTPT trung bnh trn c th vit thnh
16
9
x x
C H

Do phn ng cng Brom bin Hydrocacbon cho thnh hp cht no, nn CTPT ca sn
phm l:
16 2
2
9 9
x x x
C H Br
+
vi
2 0, 625 2 9
2 2, 5
9 0, 5
x x
4
+ = = =
Vy CTPT trung bnh ca hn hp X l
9 4
4
C H

T y, ta d dng c s mol ca 24,8g X l 0,8 mol. V h phng trnh
2 2
2 6 2 6
C H
C H C H
0, 8
%V 50%
0, 4
3 3 1, 6
%V %V 25% 0, 2
2 3 3 1, 8
x y z mol
x mol
x y z mol
y z mol
x y z mol
+ + =

+ + =

= = = =

+ + =

Cch 4: Phng php trung bnh +Phng php bo ton nguyn t v khi lng +
Phng php ng cho.
x y
C H

1, 6 2 16
24, 8 1, 6 2 21, 6 1, 8
1, 8 9
C X H C
y
m m m g n mol
x

= = = = = =

16
9
x x
C H

Do phn ng cng Brom bin Hydrocacbon cho thnh hp cht no, nn CTPT ca sn
phm l:
16 2
2
9 9
x x x
C H Br
+
vi
2 0, 625 2 9
2 2, 5
9 0, 5
x x
4
+ = = =
9 4
4
C H

p dng phng php ng cho cho hn hp X ta c:
- Theo s C trung bnh:


(C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
6
) (C = 2)
C
3
H
6
(C = 3)
C =
9
4
4
1
4
3
75%
25%

- Theo s H trung bnh:
(C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
6
) (H = 6)
C
2
H
2
(H = 2)
50%
50%
2
2
H = 4

T , ta cng thu c kt qu nh cc cch lm trn.
Cch 5: Phng php trung bnh + bt bo ha k + Phng php i s
2 2 2 x x
C H
k +
trong k l s lin kt trung
bnh ca hn hp X v a l s mol ca 24,8 gam hn hp X.
T phn ng ca X vi Br
2
, ta c:
2
0, 625
1, 25
0, 5
Br
X
n
k
n
= = =

Do , CTPT trung bnh ca X l
2 0,5 x x
C H

Ta vit li phn ng chy:
2 2
2 0,5
( 0, 25)
x x
C H xCO x H O
+
T phng trnh t chy, ta c h phng trnh:
( )
( )
9
14 0, 5 24, 8
1, 8

4
0,8
0, 25 1, 6
0, 8
a x
x ax
a
a x
a mol

=
= =

=
=
=

9 4
4
C H

T y, ta d dng c s mol ca 24,8g X l 0,8 mol. V h phng trnh:
2 2
2 6 2 6
C H
C H C H
0, 8
%V 50%
0, 4
3 3 1, 6
%V %V 25% 0, 2
2 3 3 1, 8
x y z mol
x mol
x y z mol
y z mol
x y z mol
+ + =

+ + =

= = = =

+ + =

Cch 6: Phng php trung bnh + bt bo ha k + Phng php i s + Phng
php ng cho
2 2 2 x x
C H
k +


T phn ng ca X vi Br
2
, ta c:
2
0, 625
1, 25
0, 5
Br
X
n
k
n
= = =

2 0,5 x x
C H

2 2
2 0,5
( 0, 25)
x x
C H xCO x H O
+
( )
( )
9
14 0, 5 24, 8
1, 8

4
0,8
0, 25 1, 6
0, 8
a x
x ax
a
a x
a mol

=
= =

=
=
=

9 4
4
C H

(C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
6
) (C = 2)
C
3
H
6
(C = 3)
C =
9
4
4
1
4
3
75%
25%

(C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
6
) (H = 6)
C
2
H
2
(H = 2)
50%
50%
2
2
H = 4

Cch 7: Phng php trung bnh + bt bo ha k +Phng php bo ton nguyn
t v khi lng + Phng php phn tch h s v ng dng + Phng php i s
2 2 2 x x
C H
k +
bnh ca hn hp X.
T phn ng ca X vi Br
2
, ta c:
2
0, 625
1, 25
0, 5
Br
X
n
k
n
= = =

2
24, 8 1, 6 2 21, 6 1, 8
C X H C C
m m m
O
g n mol n = = = = =


Trong bi ging Phng php phn tch h s v ng dng trong vic gii nhanh bi
ton Ha hc ti c nu mt kt qu rt quan trng l:
2 2
1
H O CO
X
n n
n
k

p dng kt qu ny vo bi ton cho, ta d dng c 0, 8
X
n mol =
T y, ta d dng c h phng trnh:
2 2
2 6 2 6
C H
C H C H
0, 8
%V 50%
0, 4
3 3 1, 6
%V %V 25% 0, 2
2 3 3 1, 8
x y z mol
x mol
x y z mol
y z mol
x y z mol
+ + =

+ + =

= = = =

+ + =

t v khi lng + Phng php phn tch h s v ng dng + Phng php ng cho
2 2 2 x x
C H
k +
bnh ca hn hp X.
T phn ng ca X vi Br
2
, ta c:
2
0, 625
1, 25
0, 5
Br
X
n
k
n
= = =

2
24, 8 1, 6 2 21, 6 1, 8
C X H C C
m m m
O
g n mol n = = = = =
2 2
1
H O CO
X
n n
n
k

X
n mol =
Do ,
2
1, 8 9
0, 8 4
CO
X
n
x
n
= = =
v CTPT trung bnh ca X s l
9 4
4
C H

(C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
6
) (C = 2)
C
3
H
6
(C = 3)
C =
9
4
4
1
4
3
75%
25%

(C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
6
) (H = 6)
C
2
H
2
(H = 2)
50%
50%
2
2
H = 4



t v khi lng + Phng php i s
2 2 2 x x
C H
k +
T phn ng ca X vi Br
2
, ta c:
2
0, 625
1, 25
0, 5
Br
X
n
k
n
= = =

2 0,5 x x
C H

(1)
x y
C H

1, 6 2 16
24, 8 1, 6 2 21, 6 1, 8
1, 8 9
C X H C
y
m m m g n mol
x

= = = = = =

16
9
x x
C H
(2)
Kt hp 2 kt qu (1) v (2) ta c:
16 9
2 0, 5
9 4
x x x = =

9 4
4
C H

T y, ta d dng c s mol ca 24,8g X l 0,8 mol. V h phng trnh
2 2
2 6 2 6
C H
C H C H
0, 8
%V 50%
0, 4
3 3 1, 6
%V %V 25% 0, 2
2 3 3 1, 8
x y z mol
x mol
x y z mol
y z mol
x y z mol
+ + =

+ + =

= = = =

+ + =

t v khi lng + Phng php ng cho
2 2 2 x x
C H
k +
T phn ng ca X vi Br
2
, ta c:
2
0, 625
1, 25
0, 5
Br
X
n
k
n
= = =

2 0,5 x x
C H

(1)
x y
C H



1, 6 2 16
24, 8 1, 6 2 21, 6 1, 8
1, 8 9
C X H C
y
m m m g n mol
x

= = = = = =

16
9
x x
C H
(2)
Kt hp 2 kt qu (1) v (2) ta c:
16 9
2 0, 5
9 4
x x x = =

9 4
4
C H

(C
2
H
2
, C
2
H
6
) (C = 2)
C
3
H
6
(C = 3)
C =
9
4
4
1
4
3
75%
25%

(C
2
H
6
, C
3
H
6
) (H = 6)
C
2
H
2
(H = 2)
50%
50%
2
2
H = 4

t v khi lng + Phng php phn tch h s v ng dng
2 2 2 x x
C H
k +
bnh ca hn hp X.
T phn ng ca X vi Br
2
, ta c:
2
0, 625
1, 25
0, 5
Br
X
n
k
n
= = =

2
24, 8 1, 6 2 21, 6 1, 8
C X H C C
m m m
O
g n mol n = = = = =
2 2
1
H O CO
X
n n
n
k

X
n mol =
Tip tc phn tch h s cc phn ng chy, ta c:
T l Hidrocacbon : CO
2
u l 1:2, tr phn ng ca C
3
H
6
c t l 1:3



ol
3 6 2
2 0, 2
C H CO X
n n n m = =
T l Hidrocacbon : H
2
O u l 1:3, tr phn ng ca C
2
H
2
c t l l 1:1
2
2 2
3
0, 4
2
X H O
C H
n n
n mol
= =

T ta cng d dng tm c p s nh cc cch lm trn.
Cch 12: Phng php trung bnh + bt bo ha k + Phng php i s +
Phng php phn tch h s v ng dng
2 2 2 x x
C H
k +
T phn ng ca X vi Br
2
, ta c:
2
0, 625
1, 25
0, 5
Br
X
n
k
n
= = =

2 0,5 x x
C H

2 2
2 0,5
( 0, 25)
x x
C H xCO x H O
+
( )
( )
9
14 0, 5 24,8
1,8

4
0,8
0, 25 1, 6
0, 8
a x
x ax
a
a x
a mol

=
= =

=
=
=

ol

Tip tc phn tch h s cc phn ng chy, ta c:
T l Hidrocacbon : CO
2
u l 1:2, tr phn ng ca C
3
H
6
c t l 1:3
3 6 2
2 0, 2
C H CO X
n n n m = =
T l Hidrocacbon : H
2
O u l 1:3, tr phn ng ca C
2
H
2
c t l l 1:1
2
2 2
3
0, 4
2
X H O
C H
n n
n mol
= =

T ta cng d dng tm c p s nh cc cch lm trn.
III. Mt bi tp tng t
t chy hon ton 11g hn hp A cha axetilen, propilen v metan thu c 12,6 gam
nc. Mt khc, 5,6 lt hn hp trn phn ng va vi dung dch cha 50 gam Brom. Xc
nh thnh phn phn trm v th tch ca hn hp ban u. Bit cc th tch kh c o iu
kin tiu chun.
( Bi tp 16, trang 211, sch Gii ton Ha hc 11, L Trng Th (ch bin))


IV. Tng kt
1, Nh ni trn, bi ton ny cng vi Bi ton kinh in 15 cch gii hn s l mt
b i siu kinh in trong dy v hc v phng php gii ton Ha hc (^^ v nu c th, xin
hy ghi tn ca Sao bng lnh gi km theo bi ton ).
Thc s bn thn ti cng kh bt ng, v bi ton ny hi t kh y nhng phng
php gii ton ring nht ca Sao bng lnh gi nh: ng cho, phn tch h s v ng dng,
gii ton vi bt bo ha, .
2, 12 cch lm trn, nu xt ring tng cch mt th u l cch lm hay v nhiu
ngha v l lun v t duy. Nhng t trong tng th mt bi vit chc s gy ra s nhm, s
ngn cho ngi c (^^ cng ging nh khi c n qu nhiu mn ngon cng lc vy).
Trong hu ht cc phng php lm trn, 2 i lng m ta tp trung tm l CTPT
trung bnh v s mol kh ca X, chnh l l do cc cch lm khc nhau, nhng vn c nhiu
im chung (nh nhng mn canh ch bin t mt ni nc dng) v gy ra s nhm chn.
3, Tr li vi vn nu ra t u, Cch lm vn mi ch l cch lm, nu nh n
khng c khi qut ha ln thnh mt phng php mi, mc ch ca bi vit ny l tp
trung lm r ngha ca vic s dng phng php, m t ta ch ra cc cch, ch khng
nhm ph din cch lm.
Nu kht khe, 12 cch lm ca bi ton trn c th thu hp v mt vi bin i nh.
V th, mong l t y, mi khi ni n mt cch lm mi, ta nn phn bit r vi mt
phng php mi, trnh vic gii mt bi ton bng nhiu phng php tr thnh bng nhiu
cch vic dy v hc theo hng ny thc s thu c hiu qu nh mong i.
^^ mt mn n phi ngon v c t trong mt thc n hp l!
Chc cc bn v cc em, dy v hc ngy cng tt hn !!!!!
**********************
hiu r hn mt s phng php s dng trong p n cng nh nng cao tc v
hiu qu lm bi, mi cc bn v cc em tm c cc bi ging v phng php ca Sao bng
lnh gi V Khc Ngc ti Blog: http://360.yahoo.com/vkngoc49cns
hoc http://my.opera.com/saobanglanhgia/blog/

p n chi tit cho thi tuyn sinh H - C mn Ha khi A nm 2008
p n chi tit cho thi tuyn sinh H - C mn Ha khi A nm 2007
nh gi y hn ngha ca phng php ghp n s

Hiu ng hn v cht lng tnh
Phn tch h s phn ng v ng dng trong gii nhanh bi ton Ha hc


Hnh khng gian - chuyn : Khong cch

Phng php ng cho: sau 2 nm, c g mi

Phng php vect trong gii ton hnh hc khng gian

Khi nim bt bo ha v ng dng trong gii ton

Phng php ghp n s - nhng bin i i s

Bi ton kinh in ca Ha hc: bi ton 9 cch gii

Quy tc vit cng thc Cu to theo Lewis, CTCT + Dng lai ha + Hnh hc phn t
Mt bi Ha thi H nm 2006

Chin thut chn ngu nhin trong bi thi trc nghim Ha hc

Chuyn i cc cng thc biu din phn t ng

Phn tch h s cn bng ca phn ng v ng dng trong gii nhanh bi ton ha hc
Cc bi ging ca Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc c th c s dng, sao chp,
in n, phc v cho mc ch hc tp v ging dy, nhng cn phi c ch thch r rng v
tc gi.
Tn trng s sng to ca ngi khc cng l mt cch pht trin, nng cao kh
nng sng to ca bn thn mnh ^^
Lin h tc gi:
V Khc Ngc Phng Ha sinh Protein Vin Cng ngh Sinh hc
Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam
in thoi: 098.50.52.510
a ch lp hc: p107, K4, Tp th Bch Khoa, H Ni
(ph trch lp hc: 0942.792.710 ch Hnh)

Bai Toan Huu Co Kinh Dien

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bai Toan Huu Co Kinh Dien

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sao bng lnh gi V Khc Ngc 0985052510

You might also like