QUN L SN XUT

V inh Nghim Hng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni

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Cc loi hnh sn xut

Sn xut n chic Sn xut theo l Sn xut hng khi

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Sn xut n chic
Khi nim v SX n chic
Hnh thnh sm, p ng nhu cu c th (customize), Sn phm ph hp nhu cu rt thp, khng th p dng nhng HTSX khc, T chc HTSX n chic theo hng chuyn mn hn

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Sn xut n chic
c im ca HTSX n chic:
Sn lng rt thp Tnh tiu chun ha ca sn phm km, Chu k lp li ca sn phm thng rt di, v thng sn xut theo nhu cu ca khch hng.

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V d
D n XD, nghin cu, ti tr, vit GT, sch, hoc sn xut my bay, thit b c bit cho i truyn hnh, trm khng lu, thy in, l ht nhn, nhng hiu xe ni ting dnh cho cc nguyn th quc gia, hoc nhng sn phm ch s dng mt s vng a l c bit (thit b o a chn).

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Lng PHNG HONG

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Sn xut n chic
Thi gian trong HTSX n chic:
khi c nhu cu -> ln k hoch v SX -> thi gian rt lu, Thi gian chu k: cng tt c thi gian thnh phn cu thnh nn sn phm -> chu k rt ln.

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Sn xut n chic
Chi ph trong HTSX n chic:
Chi ph trong SX n chic thng rt ln (chi ph thi c). V d: sn xut ng h t $50 - $60 trong sn xut n chic xung cn $15 trong sn xut khi ln.

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Sn xut n chic
Thit b, tay ngh cng nhn:
Thit b, my mc, dng c a nng (c th dng g). K nng ca CN cng i hi phi cao v a nng -> tng thm chi ph.

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T chc sn xut
Quy trnh thc hin
ng i ca NVL theo yu cu ca cc nguyn cng. C th c s can thip vo qu trnh theo yu cu... Phi ln k hoch v pht hnh nhng vn bn nh mua NVL, thng s sn phm, quy trnh cng ngh, yu cu v g, nhng c trng c th ca sn phm Tnh ton yu cu v nhn cng v my mc hon thnh ton b khi lng cng vic, v c bit phi m bo tt c phi sn sng cho nhim v mi.

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T chc sn xut
Quy trnh thc hin
Ghi li gi my, gi lao ng thc t so vi nh mc cng vic, v bo co sai lch gia KH v thc hin. a ra thng bo thay i v c tnh, thc hin, NVL s dng, khi cn thit. H tr cho cng tc QL trong vic a ra nhng thay i so vi KH bng cch thu thp nhng s liu, chun b v cung cp nhng thay i ny n cc b phn c lin quan.

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T chc sn xut
Lp KH iu , lch trnh sn xut
Da trn nhng nh mc, vch ra thi gian gia cng chun cho tng nguyn cng. Chun b v pht lnh v thi gian thc hin nh thi gian bt u ca tng nguyn cng ti mi trm lm vic. Ghi s n hng ca phn xng ng vi tng l hng c ln KH & mc u tin gia cc l hng.
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T chc sn xut
Lp KH iu , lch trnh sn xut
H tr trong vic pht hnh nhng phiu cng vic, yu cu NVL, g, v nhng bng yu cu khc nu c Gi mc kim sot tn kho sn sng p ng v vic pht n hng mi theo im ti t hng. m bo cc cng vic trn thc hin kh thi trong phn xng.
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T chc sn xut
Pht lnh sn xut
Nhn lnh v pht hnh tt c cc phiu cng vic n nhng b phn lin quan. Nhn v pht hnh theo yu cu ca cc bng yu cu v NVL, g v thit b.

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T chc sn xut
Pht lnh sn xut
Pht hnh phiu trt t di chuyn, cho php b phn vn chuyn chuyn NVL t kho vo trong qu trnh sn xut v qua nhng b phn khc c lin quan. Pht lnh chun b cho cc my / trm lm vic c lin quan.

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Sn xut theo l
Khi nim v SX theo l:
p ng nhu cu a dng ca i sng. Thu hp th trng, gim nhu cu v tnh n nh ca n. Dung ha gia sn xut n chic v khi ln. Linh hot, uyn chuyn hn so vi sn xut theo SL -> hnh thnh trit l sn xut just-in-time (JIT).
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Sn xut theo l
c im ca HTSX theo l:
Sn lng thp, Tnh chun ha sn phm theo tng l, nu sn phm m mi l khc nhau ch mt vi c tnh ph th tnh tiu chun ha ca n cng cao. V d: thay i mu sc xe my. Tnh lp li ty thuc vo nhu cu v vic phn l ntn (cao hn sn xut n chic). Tnh linh hot cao -> p ng nhu cu cho nhm khch hng. C th sn xut d tr.
V d: sn xut xe, qun o may sn, thc n cng nghip, sn phm in t, giy dp, gia dng, trng tr ni tht, sn phm thi trang,...
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Sn xut theo l
c im ca HTSX theo l:
Thi gian nh hn so vi sn xut n chic. Tng gim s l theo nhu cu nh xe gn my trn th trng, hng may sn, thc phm Trnh c ri ro do hng khng tiu th c -> chp nhn trn thc t. C th sn xut chi tit c bn vi s lng ln -> chi tit ph t bn ngoi.
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T chc sn xut
Quy trnh thc hin
Theo yu cu ca khch hng v theo yu cu ca sn phm (nh n chic). Nhng chi tit chnh c sn xut trn dy chuyn. Cng vic c nhm li v SX theo l c th nh sau:
Nhng vn bn nh th/g gia cng, th/g hon thnh m, KH , phi c chun b ng thi, hoc t nht cng cng ngy ln KH yu cu SX. Chun b nhng phiu CV, phiu yu cu vo ngy trc.

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T chc sn xut
Quy trnh thc hin:
Chun b cc bng biu cn thit cho l hng, nu cn ghi nhng yu cu tng sn phm c th trong l. Pht lnh k hoch thi gian, n gin ha bng cch chun b chng trnh vn hnh chun (standard operating procedure SOP), th hin c vic di chuyn NVL trong qu trnh sn xut.

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T chc sn xut
Pht lnh sn xut
Nhn nhng phiu lnh t chng trnh vn hnh chun (SOP), chun b dng c v cc vn bn t phng iu t nht 01 ngy trc khi sn xut. Pht nhng phiu yu cu v NVL n b phn kho t nht 01 ngy trc khi sn xut. Pht hnh nhng phiu cng vic v SOP v yu cu v dng c thit b ti nhng ngi gim st ca trm lm vic u tin trong bui sng ca ngy SX u tin ca l hng, sau cho nhng trm tip theo lin quan. Gi nhng bn copy v khi lng cng vic hon thnh trong nhng ngy qua t khi l hng c trin khai n nhng b phn lin quan.
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T chc sn xut
Pht lnh sn xut
m bo vic thc hin cng vic c tin trin thun li hng ngy, trong mt vi trng hp th khi kt thc ngy lm vic, trm trc phi m bo cho trm sau lm vic t nht 01 gi vo u gi ngy hm sau. m bo vic nhn NVL y sn xut l hng, c th s dng mu phn bit NVL theo ngy. Khng cn thit phi vit lnh di chuyn NVL bi v vic di chuyn gia cc trm rt nhanh. Ngi gim st trm u tin, sau khi hon thnh cng vic, phi chuyn phiu cng vic cho nhng trm sau.
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Sn xut hng khi

SX hng khi

SX theo sn lng

SX theo dng

Th cng

C kh ha

X l

Dy chuyn SX

T ng ha

Lp rp th cng

H thng sn xut hng khi

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Nguyn tc ca dy chuyn
Dng cng vic
Dng cng vic, NVL, BTF di chuyn u n, Ph thuc thao tc -> gim ti a thao tc tha, BTF trong qu trnh sn xut (W.I.P) Hot ng nhp nhng: NT dng cng vic. Lin quan n cn bng dy chuyn

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Nguyn tc ca dy chuyn
Hon i gia cc cng vic
Cn bng dy chuyn ph thuc vo mc hon i (lp ln) gia cc cng vic (chi tit), S dng tiu chun ha SF (chi tit).

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Nguyn tc ca dy chuyn
Cc tiu khong cch di chuyn
Sn xut c lin tc, Ti a ha mc tn dng khng gian, cp n v tr lin kt gia cc trm lm vic lin tip (thit b di chuyn bn thnh phm)

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Nguyn tc ca dy chuyn
Chia nh cng on
Khng bt buc, nhng l ch s quan trng trong dy chuyn, Ph thuc vo cng ngh v cu thnh ca SF, c xem xt trong qu trnh thit k,

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iu kin thc hin

iu kin tin quyt c bn l nhu cu ln, v mc lin tc ca nhu cu (tnh n nh), Mt s iu kin khc: cn bng chuyn, tin cy thit b, cung cp nguyn vt liu v thit k sn phm

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iu kin thc hin

Dy chuyn cn bng: yu t quan trng nu SX lin tc, v hn ch vic tn ng BTF, Vic gin on trong cung cp NVL, BTF u dn n tr ngi cho tnh lin tc, Vic chn la dy chuyn ph thuc vo dng SF, Vic quyt nh la chn da trn tnh kinh t.

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Phn loi v c tnh

Dy chuyn Loi T ng a SP SP n Th cng a SP >1 1 >1 Theo l Khng Theo l Theo l Theo c tnh cng vic Theo c tnh cng vic Theo c tnh tng l Thay i cho tng l Khng thay i Thay i cho tng l c tnh SP n 1 Khng Thng thng Khng thay i S SP SP thay i Dng SP Chun b thit b v phn b cng vic

SP hn hp

>1

Lin tc

Thay i cho tng l theo yu cu

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