CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2 - DÒNG ĐIỆN KHÔNG ĐỔI

H V TN:...............................TRNG:.......
I. Kin thc:
1. Cng dng in c xc nh bng thng s ca in lng q dch chuyn qua
tit din thng ca vt dn trong khong thi gian t v khong thi gian . I =
t
q

2. Dng in khng i l dng in c chiu v cng khng thay i theo thi gian
n v ca cng dng in l Ampe (A).
3. Ngun in l mt ngun nng lng c kh nng cung cp in nng cho cc dng c
tiu th in mch ngoi.
Sut in ng ca ngun in l i lng c trng cho kh nng thc hin cng ca
ngun in v c o bng thng s gia cng A ca lc l thc hin khi dch chuyn mt in
tch dng q ngc chiu in trng (trong vng c lc l) v ln ca in tch .
n v ca sut in ng l Vn (V)
4. Cu to ca pin, acquy. Nguyn tc hot ng ca pin, acquy.
Pin in ha gm 2 cc c bn cht ha hc khc nhau c ngm trong cht in phn
(dd axit, baz, hoc mui,) Do tc dng ha hc, cc cc ca pin in ha c tch in khc
nhau v gia chng c mt hiu in th bng gi tr sut in ng ca pin.
Acquy l ngun in ha hc hot ng da trn phn ng ha hc thun nghch, n tch
tr nng lng lc np in v gii phng nng lng ny khi pht in.
5. i vi mt dy dn c in tr R, ta c nh lut m : I
R
U
= , vi U l hiu in th gia
hai u dy, I l cng dng in chy qua dy.
III. Bi tp:
Hng dn gii bi tp:
- ch ny, cc cu hi v bi tp ch yu l v: c im dng in khng i v cng
thc I =
t
q
, nh ngha sut in ng v cng thc
q
A
= , cu to chung ca cc ngun in ha
hc.
- Cn lu nhng vn sau:
+ n v ca cc i lng: Trong cng thc I =
t
q
n v ca I l Ampe (A) ca q l
Culng (C), ca t l giy (s) v vy nu bi cho thi gian l pht, gi, th phi i ra giy.
+ Cn ch s khc bit gia lc lm di chuyn in tch mch ngoi v mch trong
(bn trong ngun in).
+ Bn trong cc ngun in ha hc c s chuyn ha t ha nng thnh in nng.
+ Dng in khng i c c chiu v cng khng thay i theo thi gian, v vy chiu
dch chuyn c hng ca cc in tch l khng i v in lng dch chuyn qua tit din thng
ca vt dn s t l thun vi thi gian.

Dng 1: CNG DNG IN, SUT IN NG CA NGUN IN.
PP chung:
Tnh cng dng in, s electron i qua mt on mch.
Dng cc cng thc I =
t
q
R
U
= (q l in lng dch chuyn qua on mch)
I CNG DNG IN KHNG I- NGUN IN.

11
N =
e
q
( e = 1,6. 10
-19
C)
Tnh sut in ng hoc in nng tch ly ca ngun in.
Dng cng thc
q
A
= ( l sut in ng ca ngun in, n v l Vn (V) )
1. Cng dng in chy qua dy tc bng n l I = 0,5 A.
a. Tnh in lng dch chuyn qua tit din thng ca dy tc trong 10 pht ?
b. Tnh s electron dch chuyn qua tit din thng ca dy tc trong khong thi gian trn ?
s: 300 C, 18,75. 10
20
ht e.
2. Sut in ng ca mt ngun in l 12 V. Tnh cng ca lc l khi dch chuyn mt lng
in tch l 0,5 C bn trong ngun in t cc m n cc dng ca n ?
s: 6 J.
3. Tnh sut in ng ca ngun in. Bit rng khi dch chuyn mt lng in tch 3. 10
-3
C
gia hai cc bn trong ngun in th lc l thc hin mt cng l 9 mJ.
s: 3 V.
4. Sut in ng ca mt acquy l 6 V. Tnh cng ca lc l khi dch chuyn mt lng in tch
l 0,16 C bn trong acquy t cc m n cc dng ca n ?
s: 0,96 J.
5. Tnh in lng v s electron dch chuyn qua tit din ngang ca mt dy dn trong mt pht.
Bit dng in c cng l 0,2 A.
s: 12 C, 0,75. 10
20
ht e.
6. Mt b pin ca mt thit b in c th cung cp mt dng in 2 A lin tc trong 1 gi th phi
np li.
a. Nu b pin trn c s dng lin tc trong 4 gi ch tit kim nng lng th phi
np li. Tnh cng dng in m b pin ny c th cung cp?
b. Tnh sut in ng ca b pin ny nu trong thi gian 1 gi n sinh ra mt cng l 72 KJ.
s: 0,5 A, 10 V.
7. Trong 5 giy lng in tch dch chuyn qua tit din thng ca mt dy dn l 4,5 C. Cng
dng in chy qua dy dn l bao nhiu ?
s: 0,9 A.
II.BI TP TRC NGHIM.
Cu hi 1: Dng in l:
A. dng dch chuyn ca in tch
B. dng dch chuyn c hng ca cc in tch t do
C. dng dch chuyn c hng ca cc in tch t do
D. dng dch chuyn c hng ca cc ion dng v m
Cu hi 2: Quy c chiu dng in l:
A.Chiu dch chuyn ca cc electron
B. chiu dch chuyn ca cc ion
C. chiu dch chuyn ca cc ion m
D. chiu dch chuyn ca cc in tch dng
Cu hi 3: Tc dng c trng nht ca dng in l:
A. Tc dng nhit B. Tc dng ha hc C. Tc dng t D. Tc
dng c hc
Cu hi 4: Dng in khng i l:
A. Dng in c chiu khng thay i theo thi gian
B. Dng in c cng khng thay i theo thi gian
C. Dng in c in lng chuyn qua tit din thng ca dy khng i theo thi gian
D. Dng in c chiu v cng khng thay i theo thi gian
Cu hi 5: Sut in ng ca ngun in nh ngha l i lng o bng:
A. cng ca lc l tc dng ln in tch q dng
B. thng s gia cng v lc l tc dng ln in tch q dng
C. thng s ca lc l tc dng ln in tch q dng v ln in tch y
D. thng s cng ca lc l dch chuyn in tch q dng trong ngun t cc m n cc
dng vi in tch
Cu hi 6: Tnh s electron i qua tit din thng ca mt dy dn kim loi trong 1 giy nu c
in lng 15C dch chuyn qua tit din trong 30 giy:
A. 5.10
6
B. 31.10
17
C. 85.10
10
D. 23.10
16

Cu hi 7: S electron i qua tit din thng ca mt dy dn kim loi trong 1 giy l 1,25.10
19
.
Tnh in lng i qua tit din trong 15 giy:
A. 10C B. 20C C. 30C D. 40C
Cu hi 8: Hai in tr mc song song vo ngun in nu R
1
< R
2
v R
12
l in tr tng ng
ca h mc song song th:A. R
12
nh hn c R
1
v

R
2
.Cng sut tiu th trn R
2
nh hn trn R
1
.
B.R
12
nh hn c R
1
v

R
2
2
ln hn trn R
1
.
C. R
12
ln hn c R
1
v R
2
. D. R
12
bng trung bnh nhn ca R
1
v R
2

Cu hi 9: Ba in tr bng nhau R
1
= R
2
= R
3
mc nh hnh v. Cng
sut tiu th:
A. ln nht R
1
B. nh nht R
1
C. bng nhau R
1
v h ni tip R
23
D. bng nhau R
1
, R
2
,
R
3

Cu hi 10: Hai bng n c hiu in th nh mc ln lt l U
1
= 110V, U
2
= 220V. Chng c
cng sut nh mc bng nhau, t s in tr ca chng bng:
A. B. C. D.
Cu hi 11: bng n 120V 60W sng bnh thng mng in
c hiu in th 220V ngi ta mc ni tip n vi in tr ph R. R c
gi tr:
A. 120 B. 180 C. 200 D. 240

1
= R
2
= R
3
ni vo ngun nh hnh
v. Cng sut tiu th :
A. ln nht R
1
B. nh
nht R
1

C. bng nhau R
1
v b hai in tr mc song song D. bng
nhau R
1,
R
2
v R
3

Cu hi 13: Khi hai in tr ging nhau mc song song v mc vo ngun in th cng sut tiu
th l 40W. Nu hai in tr ny mc ni tip vo ngun th cng sut tiu th l:
A. 10W B. 80W C. 20W D. 160W
Cu hi 14: Mc hai in tr R
1
= 10 , R
2
= 20 vo ngun c hiu in th U khng i. So
snh cng sut tiu th trn cc in tr ny khi chng mc ni tip v mc song song thy:
A. ni tip P
1
/P
2
= 0,5; song song P
1
/P
2
= 2 B. ni tip P
1
/P
2
= 1,5; song song P
1
/P
2
=
0,75
C. ni tip P
1
/P
2
= 2; song song P
1
/P
2
= 0,5 D. ni tip P
1
/P
2
= 1; song song P
1
/P
2
= 2
Cu hi 15: Mt bp in gm hai dy in tr R
1
v R
2
. Nu ch dng R
1
th thi gian un si
nc l 10 pht, nu ch dng R
2
th thi gian un si nc l 20 pht. Hi khi dng R
1
ni tip R
2

th thi gian un si nc l bao nhiu:
A. 15 pht B. 20 pht C. 30 pht D. 10pht
U
R
2
R
3
R
1
U
R
2
R
3
R
1
1
v R
2
. Nu ch dng R
1
th thi gian un si
2
1
song song
R
2
A. 15 pht B. 22,5 pht C. 30 pht D. 10pht
Cu hi 17: Mt bn l dng in 220V. C th thay i gi tr in tr ca cun dy trong bn l
nh th no dng in 110V m cng sut khng thay i:
A. tng gp i B. tng 4 ln C. gim 2 ln D. gim
4 ln
Cu hi 18: Hai bng n c cng sut nh mc l P
1
= 25W, P
2
= 100W u lm vic bnh
thng hiu in th 110V. So snh cng dng in qua mi bng v in tr ca chng:
A. I
1
.>I
2
; R
1
> R
2
B. I
1
.>I
2
; R
1
< R
2
C. I
1
.<I
2
; R
1
< R
2
D. I
1
.< I
2
; R
1
> R
2

1
= 25W, P
2
= 100W u lm vic bnh
thng hiu in th 110V. Khi mc ni tip hai n ny vo hiu in th 220V th:
A. n 1 sng yu, n 2 qu sng d chy B. n 2 sng yu, n 1qu sng
d chy
C. c hai n sng yu D. c hai n sng bnh thng
Cu hi 20: Hai in tr ging nhau mc ni tip vo ngun in hiu in th U th tng cng
sut tiu th ca chng l 20W. Nu chng mc song song vo ngun ny th tng cng sut tiu
th ca chng l:
A. 5W B. 40W C. 10W D. 80W
Cu hi 21: Khi mt ti R ni vo ngun sut in ng v in tr trong r, thy cng sut mch
ngoi cc i th:
A. = IR B. r =R C. P
R
= I D. I = /r
Cu hi 22: Mt ngun in c sut in ng = 12V in tr trong r = 2 ni vi in tr R to
thnh mch kn. Xc nh R cng sut ta nhit trn R cc i, tnh cng sut cc i :
A. R= 1, P = 16W B. R = 2, P = 18W
C. R = 3, P = 17,3W D. R = 4, P = 21W
thnh mch kn. Xc nh R bit R > 2, cng sut mch ngoi l 16W:
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
thnh mch kn. Tnh cng dng in v hiu sut ngun in, bit R > 2, cng sut mch
ngoi l 16W:
A. I = 1A. H = 54% B. I = 1,2A, H = 76,6%
C. I = 2A. H = 66,6% D. I = 2,5A. H = 56,6%
Cu hi 25: Khi dng in chy qua on mch ngoi ni gia hai cc ca ngun in th cc ht
mang in chuyn ng c hng di tc dng ca lc:
A. Cu long B. hp dn C. lc l D. in trng
Cu hi 26: Khi dng in chy qua ngun in th cc ht mang in chuyn ng c hng di
tc dng ca lc:
A. Cu long B. hp dn C. lc l D. in trng
Cu hi 27: Cng dng in c biu thc nh ngha no sau y:
A. I = q.t B. I = q/t C. I = t/q D. I = q/e
Cu hi 28: Chn mt p n sai:
A. cng dng in o bng ampe k
B. o cng dng in phi mc ni tip ampe k vi mch
C. dng in qua ampe k i vo cht dng, i ra cht m ca ampe k
D. dng in qua ampe k i vo cht m, i ra cht dng ca ampe k
Cu hi 29: n v ca cng dng in, sut in ng, in lng ln lt l:
A. vn(V), ampe(A), ampe(A) B. ampe(A), vn(V), cu lng (C)
C. Niutn(N), fara(F), vn(V) D. fara(F), vn/mt(V/m), jun(J)
Cu hi 30: Mt ngun in c sut in ng l , cng ca ngun l A, q l ln in tch dch
chuyn qua ngun. Mi lin h gia chng l:
A. A = q. B. q = A. C. = q.A D. A = q
2
.
Cu hi 31: Trong thi gian 4s mt in lng 1,5C chuyn qua tit din thng ca dy tc bng
n. Cng dng in qua bng n l:
A. 0,375A B. 2,66A C. 6A D. 3,75A
Cu hi 32: Dng in qua mt dy dn kim loi c cng 2A. S electron dch chuyn qua tit
din thng ca dy dn ny trong 2s l:
A. 2,5.10
18
B. 2,5.10
19
C. 0,4. 10
19
D. 4. 10
19

Cu hi 33: Cng dng in chy qua tit din thng ca dy dn l 1,5A. Trong khong thi
gian 3s th in lng chuyn qua tit din dy l:
A. 0,5C B. 2C C. 4,5C D. 5,4C
Cu hi 34: S electron dch chuyn qua tit din thng ca dy trong thi gian 2s l 6,25.10
18
.
Khi dng in qua dy dn c cng l:
A. 1A B. 2A C. 0,512.10
-37
A D. 0,5A
Cu hi 35: Dng in chy qua bng n hnh ca mt ti vi thng dng c cng 60A. S
electron ti p vo mn hnh ca tivi trong mi giy l:
A. 3,75.10
14
B. 7,35.10
14
C. 2, 66.10
-14
D.
0,266.10
-4

Cu hi 36:Cng ca lc l lm di chuyn in tch 4C t cc m n cc dng bn trong ngun
in l 24J. Sut in ng ca ngun l:
A. 0,166V B. 6V C. 96V D. 0,6V
Cu hi 37: Sut in ng ca mt cquy l 3V, lc l lm di chuyn in tch thc hin mt
cng 6mJ. Lng in tch dch chuyn khi l:
A. 18.10
-3
C. B. 2.10
-3
C C. 0,5.10
-3
C D. 1,8.10
-3
C
Cu hi 38: Cng dng in khng i chy qua on mch l I = 0,125A. Tnh in lng
chuyn qua tit din thng ca mch trong 2 pht v s electron tng ng chuyn qua:
A. 15C; 0,938.10
20
B. 30C; 0,938.10
20
C. 15C; 18,76.10
20
D.
30C;18,76.10
20

Cu hi 39: Pin in ha c hai cc l:
A. hai vt dn cng cht B. hai vt cch in
C. hai vt dn khc cht D. mt cc l vt dn, mt vt l in mi
Cu hi 40: Pin vnta c cu to gm:
A. hai cc bng km(Zn) nhng trong dung dch axit sunphuric long(H
2
SO
4
)
B. hai cc bng ng (Cu) nhng trong dung dch axit sunphuric long(H
2
SO
4
)
C. mt cc bng km(Zn) mt cc bng ng (Cu) nhng trong dung dch axit sunphuric
long(H
2
SO
4
)
D. mt cc bng km(Zn) mt cc bng ng (Cu) nhng trong dung dch mui
Cu hi 41: Hai cc ca pin Vnta tch in khc nhau l do:
A. ion dng ca km i vo dung dch ca cht in phn
B. ion dng H
+
trong dung dch in phn ly electron ca cc ng
C. cc electron ca ng di chuyn ti km qua dung dch in phn
D. ion dng km i vo dung dch in phn v cc ion H
+
ly electron ca cc ng
Cu hi 42: Acquy ch gm:
A. Hai bn cc bng ch nhng vo dung dch in phn l baz
B. Bn dng bng PbO
2
v bn m bng Pb nhng trong dung dch cht in phn l axit
sunfuric long
C. Bn dng bng PbO
2
v bn m bng Pb nhng trong dung dch cht in phn l baz
D. Bn dng bng Pb v bn m bng PbO
2
nhng trong dung dch cht in phn l axit
sunfuric long
Cu hi 43: im khc nhau gia acquy ch v pin Vnta l:
A. S dng dung dch in phn khc nhau B. s tch in khc nhau gia hai cc
C. Cht dng lm hai cc ca chng khc nhau D. phn ng ha hc acquy c th sy
ra thun nghch
Cu hi 44: Trong ngun in ha hc (Pin v acquy) c s chuyn ha nng lng t:
A. c nng thnh in nng B. ni nng thnh in nng
C. ha nng thnh in nng D. quang nng thnh in nng
Cu hi 45: Mt pin Vnta c sut in ng 1,1V. Khi c mt lng in tch 27C dch chuyn
bn trong gia hai cc ca pin th cng ca pin ny sn ra l:
A. 2,97J B. 29,7J C. 0,04J D. 24,54J
Cu hi 46: Mt b acquy c sut in ng 6V c dung lng l 15Ah. Acquy ny c th s dng
thi gian bao lu cho ti khi phi np li, tnh in nng tng ng d tr trong acquy nu coi n
cung cp dng in khng i 0,5A:
A. 30h; 324kJ B. 15h; 162kJ C. 60h; 648kJ D. 22h; 489kJ
Cu hi 47: Mch in gm in tr R = 2 mc thnh mch in kn vi ngun = 3V, r = 1
th cng sut tiu th mch ngoi R l:
A. 2W B. 3W C. 18W D. 4,5W
Cu hi 48: Mt ngun c = 3V, r = 1 ni vi in tr ngoi R = 1 thnh mch in kn.
Cng sut ca ngun in l:
A. 2,25W B. 3W C. 3,5W D. 4,5W
Cu hi 49: Mt mch in kn gm ngun in sut in ng = 6V, in tr trong r = 1 ni
vi mch ngoi l bin tr R, iu chnh R cng sut tiu th trn R t gi tr cc i. Cng
sut l:
A. 36W B. 9W C. 18W D. 24W
vi mch ngoi l bin tr R, iu chnh R cng sut tiu th trn R t gi tr cc i. Khi R
c gi tr l:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
P N
Cu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
p
n
B D C D D B C A A C
Cu 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
p
n
C A A B C D D D B D
Cu 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
p
n
B B B C D C B D B A
Cu 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
p
n
A B C D A B B A C C
Cu 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
p
n
D B D C B A A D B A

I. Kin thc:
1. in nng tiu th ca mt on mch bng tch ca hiu in th gia hai u on mch vi
cng dng in v thi gian dng in chy qua on mch . A = U.I.t
2. Cng sut in ca mt on mch bng tch ca hiu in th gia hai u on mch v
cng dng in chy qua on mch . P = U.I =
t
A

3. Nu on mch l vt dn c in tr thun R th in nng tiu th ca on mch c
bin i hon ton thnh nhit nng. Cng sut ta nhit ca vt dn khi c dng in chy qua
c xc nh bng nhit lng ta ra vt dn trong khong thi gian 1 giy. P =
2
2
R.I =
R
U

4. Cng ca ngun in bng tch ca sut in ng ca ngun in vi cng dng in
v thi gian dng in chy qua ngun in. Cng ca ngun in bng cng ca dng in chy
trong ton mch. A = .I.t
5. Cng sut ca ngun in bng tch ca sut in ng ca ngun in vi cng dng
in chy qua ngun in. Cng sut ca ngun in bng cng sut ca dng in chy trong ton
mch. P = .I =
t
A

6. nh lut Jun_LenX: Nhit lng ta ra mt vt dn t l thun vi in tr ca vt
dn, vi bnh phng cng dng in v vi thi gian dng in chy qua vt dn .
Q= R.I
2
.t
7. Cng sut ca dng c tiu th in:
+ Vi dng c ta nhit: P = U.I = R.I
2
=
R
U
2

+ Vi my thu in: P = .I + r.I
2
= P

+ r.I
2

(Vi P
= .I l phn cng sut m my thu in chuyn ha thnh dng nng lng c ch,
khng phi l nhit. V d: in nng chuyn ha thnh c nng )
n v ca cng (in nng) v nhit lng l Jun (J); n v ca cng sut l ot (W)

III. Bi tp:
Dng 1: VN DNG NH LUT JUN-LENX. CNG SUT IN.
PP chung:
Ap dng cng thc:
Cng v cng sut ca dng in on mch: A = U.I.t , P = U.I =
t
A

nh lut Jun-LenX: Q = R.I
2
.t hay Q= U.I.t .
2
= t
R
U

Cng sut ca dng c tiu th in: P = U.I = R.I
2
=
R
U
2

- ch ny, cc cu hi v bi tp ch yu v: Tnh in nng tiu th v cng sut in
ca mt on mch. Tnh cng sut ta nhit v nhit lng ta ra trn mt vt dn. Tnh cng v
cng sut ca ngun in.
- Cn lu nhng vn sau:
+ Trong cc cng thc tnh cng, tnh nhit lng: c cng, nhit lng tnh ra c
n v l Jun (J) cn ch i n v thi gian ra giy (s).
12
Ch 2: IN NNG, NH LUT JUN-LENX ,CNG SUT IN.
+ Mch in c bng n: R
=
dm
2
P
dm U

( Coi nh in tr khng ph thuc vo hiu in th t vo n, khng thay i theo nhit .)
Nu n sng bnh thng th I
thc
= I
m
(Lc ny cng c U
thc
= U
m
; P
thc
= P
m
)
Nu I
thc
< I
m
th n m hn bnh thng.
Nu I
thc
> I
m
th n sng hn bnh thng.
R
1
R
2

1. Cho mch in nh hnh, trong U = 9V, R
1
= 1,5 . Bit hiu
in th hai u R
2
= 6v. Tnh nhit lng ta ra trn R
2
trong 2 pht ?
s: 1440 J.
2. C hai in tr mc gia hai im c hiu in th 12 V.
Khi R
1
ni tip R
2
th cng sut ca mch l 4 W. Khi R
1
mc song song R
2
th cng sut mch l
18 W. Hy xc nh R
1
v R
2
? s: R
1
= 24 , R
2
= 12 , hoc ngc li.
3. Hai bng n
1
ghi 6v 3 W v
2
ghi 6V - 4,5 W c
mc vo mch in nh hnh v. Ngun in c hiu in th

U khng thay i.
2

a. Bit ban u bin tr R
b
v tr sao cho 2 n sng R
b

bnh thng. Tm in tr ca bin tr lc ny ? Trn mch
in, u l
1
, u l
2
?
b. Gi s t v tr ban u ta di chuyn bin tr con
chy sang phi mt cht th sng cc n thay i th no ? s: R
b
= 24
4. Cho mch in thp sng n nh hnh, Ngun c sut in ng 12 V.

n loi 6 V 3 W. iu chnh R n sng bnh thng. Tnh cng ca
ngun in trong khong thi gian 1h ? Tnh hiu sut ca mch cha n
khi sng bnh thng ? s: 21600 J, 50 %.
5. loi bng n loi 120 V 60 W sng bnh thng mng in c hiu n th 220V, ngi
ta mc ni tip vi n mt in tr ph R. Tnh R ? s: 200
6. Cho mch in nh hnh vi U = 9V, R
1
= 1,5 , R
2
= 6 . R
3

Bit cng dng in qua R
3
l 1 A. R
1
R
2
a. Tm R
3
?
b. Tnh nhit lng ta ra trn R
2
trong 2 pht ?
c. Tnh cng sut ca on mch cha R
1
? s: 6 , 720 J, 6 W.
7. Mt qut in c s dng di hiu in th 220 V th dng in chy qua qut c cng
l 5 A.
a. Tnh nhit lng m qut ta ra trong 30 pht theo n v Jun ?
b. Tnh tin in phi tr cho vic s dng qut trong 30 ngy, mi ngy s dng 30 pht,
bit gi in l 600 ng / Kwh. (Bit 1 wh = 3600 J, 1 Kwh = 3600 KJ).
s: 1980000 J. (hay 0,55 kw). 9900 ng.

8. Mt m in c hai dy dn R
1
v R
2
un nc. Nu dng dy R
1
th nc trong m s si sau
khong thi gian 40 pht. Cn nu dng dy R
2
th nc s si sau 60 pht. Vy nu dng c hai
dy mc song song th m nc s si sau khong thi gian l bao nhiu ? (Coi in tr ca dy
thay i khng ng k theo nhit .)
s: 24
pht.
9. Ba in tr ging nhau c mc nh hnh, nu cng sut tiu th trn in tr (1) l 3 W th
cng sut ton mch l bao nhiu ?
s: 18 W.
10. Ba in tr c tr s R, 2 R, 3 R mc nh hnh v. Nu cng sut ca in tr (1) l 8 W th
cng sut ca in tr (3) l bao nhiu ?
s: 54
W.

II. BI TP TRC NGHIM:
Cu hi 1: Mt b acquy c sut in ng 6V c dung lng l 15Ah. Acquy ny c th s dng
thi gian bao lu cho ti khi phi np li, tnh in nng tng ng d tr trong acquy nu coi n
cung cp dng in khng i 0,5A:
A. 30h; 324kJ B. 15h; 162kJ C. 60h; 648kJ D. 22h; 489kJ
Cu hi 2: Mch in gm in tr R = 2 mc thnh mch in kn vi ngun = 3V, r = 1 th
cng sut tiu th mch ngoi R l:
A. 2W B. 3W C. 18W D. 4,5W
Cu hi 3: Mt ngun c = 3V, r = 1 ni vi in tr ngoi R = 1 thnh mch in kn. Cng
sut ca ngun in l:
A. 2,25W B. 3W C. 3,5W D. 4,5W
vi mch ngoi l bin tr R, iu chnh R cng sut tiu th trn R t gi tr cc i. Cng
sut l:
A. 36W B. 9W C. 18W D. 24W
vi mch ngoi l bin tr R, iu chnh R cng sut tiu th trn R t gi tr cc i. Khi R
c gi tr l:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
thnh mch kn. Xc nh R bit R > 2, cng sut mch ngoi l 16W:
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Cu hi7: Mt ngun in c sut in ng = 12V in tr trong r = 2 ni vi in tr R to
thnh mch kn. Tnh cng dng in v hiu sut ngun in, bit R > 2, cng sut mch
ngoi l 16W:
A. I = 1A. H = 54% B. I = 1,2A, H = 76,6%
C. I = 2A. H = 66,6% D. I = 2,5A. H = 56,6%
Cu hi 8: Hai in tr mc song song vo ngun in nu R
1
< R
2
v R
12
l in tr tng ng
ca h mc song song th:A. R
12
nh hn c R
1
v

R
2
2
nh hn trn R
1
.
B.R
12
nh hn c R
1
v

R
2
2
ln hn trn R
1
.
C. R
12
ln hn c R
1
v R
2
. D. R
12
bng trung bnh nhn ca R
1
v R
2

1
= R
2
= R
3
mc nh hnh v. Cng
sut tiu th:
A. ln nht R
1
B. nh nht R
1
C. bng nhau R
1
v h ni tip R
23
D. bng nhau R
1
, R
2
,
R
3

Cu hi 10: Hai bng n c hiu in th nh mc ln lt l U
1
= 110V, U
2
= 220V. Chng c
cng sut nh mc bng nhau, t s in tr ca chng bng:
A. B. C. D.
U
R
2
R
3
R
1
Cu hi 11: bng n 120V 60W sng bnh thng mng in
c hiu in th 220V ngi ta mc ni tip n vi in tr ph R. R c
gi tr:
A. 120 B. 180 C. 200 D. 240

1
= R
2
= R
3
ni vo ngun nh hnh
v. Cng sut tiu th :
A. ln nht R
1
B. nh
nht R
1

C. bng nhau R
1
v b hai in tr mc song song D. bng
nhau R
1,
R
2
v R
3

Cu hi 13: Khi hai in tr ging nhau mc song song v mc vo ngun in th cng sut tiu
th l 40W. Nu hai in tr ny mc ni tip vo ngun th cng sut tiu th l:
A. 10W B. 80W C. 20W D. 160W
Cu hi 14: Mc hai in tr R
1
= 10 , R
2
= 20 vo ngun c hiu in th U khng i. So
snh cng sut tiu th trn cc in tr ny khi chng mc ni tip v mc song song thy:
A. ni tip P
1
/P
2
= 0,5; song song P
1
/P
2
= 2 B. ni tip P
1
/P
2
= 1,5; song song P
1
/P
2
=
0,75
C. ni tip P
1
/P
2
= 2; song song P
1
/P
2
= 0,5 D. ni tip P
1
/P
2
= 1; song song P
1
/P
2
= 2
1
v R
2
. Nu ch dng R
1
th thi gian un si
2
1
ni tip R
2

A. 15 pht B. 20 pht C. 30 pht D. 10pht
1
v R
2
. Nu ch dng R
1
th thi gian un si
2
1
song song
R
2
A. 15 pht B. 22,5 pht C. 30 pht D. 10pht
Cu hi 17: Mt bn l dng in 220V. C th thay i gi tr in tr ca cun dy trong bn l
nh th no dng in 110V m cng sut khng thay i:
A. tng gp i B. tng 4 ln C. gim 2 ln D. gim
4 ln
1
= 25W, P
2
= 100W u lm vic bnh
thng hiu in th 110V. So snh cng dng in qua mi bng v in tr ca chng:
A. I
1
.>I
2
; R
1
> R
2
B. I
1
.>I
2
; R
1
< R
2
C. I
1
.<I
2
; R
1
< R
2
D. I
1
.< I
2
; R
1
> R
2

1
= 25W, P
2
= 100W u lm vic bnh
thng hiu in th 110V. Khi mc ni tip hai n ny vo hiu in th 220V th:
A. n 1 sng yu, n 2 qu sng d chy B. n 2 sng yu, n 1qu sng
d chy
C. c hai n sng yu D. c hai n sng bnh thng
Cu hi 20: Hai in tr ging nhau mc ni tip vo ngun in hiu in th U th tng cng
sut tiu th ca chng l 20W. Nu chng mc song song vo ngun ny th tng cng sut tiu
th ca chng l:
A. 5W B. 40W C. 10W D. 80W
Cu hi 21: Khi mt ti R ni vo ngun sut in ng v in tr trong r, thy cng sut mch
ngoi cc i th:
A. = IR B. r =R C. P
R
= I D. I = /r
thnh mch kn. Xc nh R cng sut ta nhit trn R cc i, tnh cng sut cc i :
A. R= 1, P = 16W B. R = 2, P = 18W
C. R = 3, P = 17,3W D. R = 4, P = 21W

U
R
2
R
3
R
1
P N

I . kin thc:
nh lut m i vi on mch ch cha R:
R
U
= I
Trng hp ngoi in tr, trong mch cn c cc dng c o(Vn k v Ampe k )
th cn c vo d kin cho trong bit c phi l dng c o l tng (ngha l Vn
k c R
v
= , Ampe k c R
A
= 0) hay khng.
- cng thc R ni tip, R //
CH :
* ni tt l:...
Trong trng hp khng bit r chiu dng in trong mch in th ta t chn mt chiu
dng in v theo dng in ny m phn bit ngun in no l my pht (dng in i ra t cc
dng v i vo cc m), u l my thu (dng in i vo cc dng v i ra t cc m).
Nu ta tm c I > 0: chiu dng in ta chn chnh l chiu thc ca dng in trong
mch.
Nu ta tm c I < 0: chiu dng in thc trong mch ngc vi chiu ta chn ban
u.
I=
R
U

II. Bi tp t lun:
1. Cho mch in nh hnh v, R
b
l mt bin tr. Hiu in th U gia
hai u mch in c gi tr khng i. Bit Ampe k c in tr
khng
ng k, vn k c in tr rt ln. iu chnh bin tr sao cho:
- Khi ampe k ch 0,4 A th vn k ch 24 V.
- Khi ampe k ch 0,1 A th vn k ch 36 V.
Tnh hiu in th U v in tr R ?
s: 40 , 40 V.
2. Cho mch in nh hnh v:R
1
= 3 , R
2
= 9 , R
3
= 6 .
in tr trong ca ampe k khng ng k. U
AB
= 18 V.
a. Cho R
4
= 7,2 th ampe k ch gi tr bao nhiu?
b. iu chnh R
4
ampe k ch s 0. Tnh gi tr ca R
4
?
Cu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
p n A A D B A B C A A C
Cu 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
p n C A A B C D D D B D
Cu 21 22
p n B B
13
Ch 3: NH LUT M I VI ON MCH (ch cha R hoc cha
R v ngun)
s: 0,67 A, 18 .

3. Cho mch in nh hnh v:R
1
= 3 , R
2
= 9 , R
3
= 6 .
in tr trong ca ampe k khng ng k. U
AB
= 18 V.
a. Cho R
4
= 7,2 th ampe k ch gi tr bao nhiu?
b. iu chnh R
4
ampe k ch s 0. Tnh gi tr ca R
4
?
s: 2 A, 180 .

4. Cho mch in nh hnh v, bit U
AB
= 48 V
R
1
= 2 , R
2
= 8 , R
3
= 6 , R
4
= 16 .
a. Tnh hiu in th gia hai im M v N ?
b. Mun o U
MN
phi mc cc dng ca vnk vo
im
no? s: 4V,
im N.
5. Xc nh cng dng in qua ampe k theo mch nh hnh
v.
Bit R
A
0; R
1
= R
3
= 30 ; R
2
= 5 ; R
4
= 15 v U = 90 V.
s: 5 A.

III. Bi tp trc nghim:
Cu hi 1: Biu thc lin h gia hiu in th, cng dng in v in tr ca hai vt dn
mc ni tip v mc song song c dng l:
A. Ni tip ; song song B. Ni tip ; song
song
C. Ni tip ; song song D. Ni tip ; song song

Cu hi 2: Cc dng c in trong nh thng c mc ni tip hay song song, v sao?
A. mc song song v nu 1 vt b hng, vt khc vn hot ng bnh thng v hiu in th
nh mc cc vt bng hiu in th ca ngun
B. mc ni tip v nu 1 vt b hng, cc vt khc vn hot ng bnh thng v cng
nh mc ca cc vt lun bng nhau
C. mc song song v cng dng in qua cc vt lun bng nhau v hiu in th nh
mc ca cc vt bng hiu in th ca ngun
D. mc ni tip nhau v hiu in th nh mc ca cc vt bng hiu in th ca ngun, v
cng nh mc qua cc vt lun bng nhau
Cu hi 3: Mt bng n in tr 87 mc vi mt ampe k c in tr 1. Hiu in th gia
hai u on mch l 220V. Tm hiu in th gia hai u bng n:
A. 220V B. 110V C. 217,5V D. 188V
Cu hi 4: Gia hai u mng in c mc song song 3 dy dn in tr ln lt l R
1
= 4, R
2
=
5, R
3
= 20. Tm hiu in th hai u on mch nu cng dng in trong mch chnh l
2,2A:
A. 8,8V B. 11V C. 63,8V D.4,4V
Cu hi 5: Gia hai u mng in c mc song song 3 dy dn in tr ln lt l R
1
= 4, R
2
=
5, R
3
= 20. Tm cng dng in qua R
1
nu cng dng in trong mch chnh l 5A:
A. 1,5A B. 2,5A C. 2A D. 0,5A
Cu hi 6: Mt hiu in th nh nhau mc vo hai loi mch: Mch 1 gm hai in tr ging
nhau u bng R mc ni tip th dng in chy trong mch chnh l I
1
, mch 2 gm hai in
tr ging nhau cng u bng R mc song song th dng in chy trong mch chnh l I
2
. Mi
quan h gia I
1
v I
2
l:
A. I
1
= I
2
B. I
2
= 2I
1
C. I
2
= 4I
1
D. I
2
= 16I
1

Cu hi 7: Cho mch in nh hnh v, quan h gia I v I
1

l:
A. I = I
1
/3 B. I = 1,5I
1
C. I = 2I
1

D. I = 3I
1

Cu hi 8: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Nu R
1
gim xung
th:
A. gim th trn R
2
gim B. dng in qua
R
1
l hng s
C. dng in qua R
1
tng D. cng sut tiu
th trn R
2
gim

Cu hi 9: Cho mch in nh hnh v, R = 6, U
AB
=
30V. Cng dng in trong mch chnh v qua nhnh
2R ln lt l:
A. 2A, 1A B. 3A, 2A C. 2A; 0,67A
D. 3A; 1A

Cu hi 10: Cho mch in nh hnh v, R
1
= 1, R
2
= 2,
R
3
= 3, R
4
= 4,I
1
= 2A, tnh U
AB

A. U
AB
= 10V B. U
AB
= 11,5V C.U
AB
= 12V
D. U
AB
= 15,6V

Cu hi 11: Cho mch in nh hnh v, U
AB
= 30V, cc in
tr ging nhau u bng 6.Cng dng in trong mch
chnh v cng qua R
6
ln lt l:
A. 10A; 0,5A B. 1,5A; 0,2A C. 15A; 1A
D. 12A; 0,6A

Cu hi 12:cho mch in nh hnh v. R
1
= 10; R
2
= R
3
=
6; R
4
= R
5
= R
6
= 2. Tnh R
AB
?
A. 10 B. 6 C. 12
D. 14

Cu hi 13: bi nh cu 12. Bit cng dng in qua R
4
l 2A. Tnh U
AB
:
A. 36V B. 72V C. 90V D. 18V
Cu hi 14: Cho mch in mc nh hnh v. Nu mc vo AB hiu
in th U
AB
= 100V th U
CD
= 60V, I
2
= 1A. Nu mc vo CD: U
CD
=
120V th U
AB
= 90V. Tnh R
1
, R
2
, R
3
:
A. R
1
= 120; R
2
= 60; R
3
= 40 B. R
1
= 120; R
2
= 40; R
3
=
60 C. R
1
= 90; R
2
= 40; R
3
= 60
D. R
1
= 180; R
2
= 60; R
3
= 90

Cu hi 15: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Nu mc vo AB:U
AB
=
120V th U
CD
= 30V v I
3
= 2A. Nu mc vo CD: U
CD
= 120V th
U
AB
= 20V. Tnh R
1
, R
2
, R
3
:
A. R
1
= 12; R
2
= 40; R
3
= 20 B. R
1
= 6; R
2
=

8 4 U
I I
1

R
2
R
1
U
I I
1
C D
A
+

_
B
R R
R
R
C D
A
+

_
B
R3 R4
R2
R1

+
A
R
4

_
B
R
6
R
2
R
3
R
5
R
1
R
1
R
3
A
B D
C
R
2

R
1
R
2
A
B D
C
R
2
R
3
30; R
3
= 15
C.R
1
= 9; R
2
= 40; R
3
= 30 D. R
1
= 18; R
2
=
10; R
3
= 15

Cu hi 16: Cho mch in nh hnh v. U
AB
= 20V, R
1
= 2, R
2
=
1, R
3
= 6, R
4
= 4,K m; tnh cng dng in qua cc in
tr:
A. I
1
= 1,5A; I
2
= 3A B. I
1
= 2,5A; I
2
= 4A
C.I
1
= 3A; I
2
= 5A D.I
1
= 3,5A; I
2
= 6A

Cu hi 17: bi ging cu 16. Kha K ng. Tnh cng dng in qua R
1
v R
2
bit K
khng in tr :
A. I
1
= 1,8A; I
2
= 3,61A B. I
1
= 1,9A; I
2
= 3,82A
C. I
1
= 2,16A; I
2
= 4,33A D.I
1
= 2,35A; I
2
= 5,16A
Cu hi 18: Mt bng n ghi 3V 3W khi n sng bnh thng in tr n c gi tr l:
A. 9 B. 3 C. 6 D. 12
Cu hi 19: Mt bng n ghi 6V 6W mc vo hiu in th 6V th cng dng in qua
bng l:
A. 36A B 6A C. 1A D. 12A
Cu hi 20: bng n 120V 60W sng bnh thng mng in c hiu in th 220V
ngi ta phi mc ni tip vi n mt mt in tr R c gi tr l:
A. 410 B 80 C. 200 D. 100
Cu hi 21: Cho mch in nh hnh v. R
1
= 3, R
2
= 2, R
3

= 3, U
AB
= 12V. Tnh R
x
cng dng in qua ampe k
bng khng:
A. R
x
= 4 B.R
x
= 5 C. R
x
= 6
D. R
x
= 7

Cu hi 22: Cho mch in nh hnh v cu hi 21. R
1
= 3, R
2
= 2, R
3
= 3, U
AB
= 12V.R
x
=
1. Tnh cng dng in qua ampe k, coi ampe k c in tr khng ng k
A. 0,5A B. 0,75A C. 1A D. 1,25A
Cu hi 23: Cho mch in nh hnh v cu hi 21, thay ampe k bng vn k, R
1
= 3, R
2
= 2,
R
3
= 1, U
AB
= 12V. Tnh R
x
vn k ch s khng:
A. 2/3 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3
Cu hi 24: Cho mch in nh hnh v cu hi 21, thay ampe k bng vn k, R
1
= 3, R
2
= 2,
R
3
= 1, U
AB
= 12V. Vn k ch 2V, cc dng mc vo im M, coi in tr vn k rt ln. Tnh
R
x
:
A. 0,1 B. 0,18 C. 1,4 D. 0,28
1
= 1, R
2
= 3, R
v
=
, U
AB
= 12V. Kha K m, vn k ch 2V. Tnh R
3
?
A. 2 B3 C. 4

R
1
R
3
R
2
R
4
A
+
-B

K
A
R
1
R
3
R
2
R
x
A
+
-B

V
R
1
R
3
R
2
R
4
A
+
-B

K
D. 5
Cu hi 26: Cho mch in nh hnh v cu hi 25. R
1
= 1, R
2
= 3, R
v
= , R
3
= 5. Kha K
ng, vn k ch s khng. Tnh R
4
?
A. 11 B13 C. 15 D. 17
1
= 1, R
2
= 3, R
v
=
, U
AB
= 12V. Kha K ng, vn k ch 1V. Tnh R
4
?
A. 9 hoc 33 B.9 hoc 18 C. 18 hoc 33
D. 12 hoc 24

Cu hi 28: Mt ampe k c in tr bng 9 ch cho dng in ti a l 0,1A i qua. Mun mc
vo mch in c dng in chy trong nhnh chnh l 5A m ampe k hot ng bnh thng
khng b hng th phi mc song song vi n in tr R l:
A. 0,1 B. 0,12 C. 0,16 D. 0,18
Cu hi 29: Mt vn k c in tr 10K c th o c ti a hiu in th 120V. Mun mc
vo mch in c hiu in th 240V phi mc ni tip vi n mt in tr R l:
A. 5K B. 10K C. 15 K D. 20K
Cu hi 30: Mt ampe k c in tr bng 2 ch cho dng in ti a l 10mA i qua. Mun mc
vo mch in c dng in chy trong nhnh chnh l 50mA m ampe k hot ng bnh thng
khng b hng th phi mc vi n in tr R: A. nh hn 2 song song vi ampe k
B. ln hn 2 song song vi ampe k
C. nh hn 2 ni tip vi ampe k D. ln hn 2 ni tip vi ampe k

Cu hi 31: Cho mch in nh hnh v, vn k in tr rt ln, R
1

= 3, R
2
= 2, R
3
= 1, U
AB
= 12V. Vn k ch 3V, cc dng
mc vo im N. Tnh R
x
:
A. 0,8 B. 1,18 C. 2 D. 2,28

Cu hi 32: Mt vn k c in tr R
v
o c hiu in th ti a l 50mV. Mun mc vo mch
c hiu in th 20V m vn k khng b hng ngi ta ni vi vn k in tr R:
A. nh hn R
v
rt nhiu, song song vi vn k B. ln hn R
v
rt nhiu, song song
vi vn k
C. nh hn R
v
rt nhiu, ni tip vi vn k D. ln hn R
v
rt nhiu, ni tip
vi vn k
Cu hi 33: bn in tr ging nhau mc ni tip v ni vo mng in c hiu in th
khng i U
AB
= 132V:
Dng vn k c in tr R
V
khi ni vo A, C
vn k ch 44V. Hi khi vn k ni vo A, D n
s ch bao nhiu:
A. 12V B. 20V C. 24V
D. 36V

Cu hi 34: Cho mch in nh hnh v. U
AB
= 120V, hai vn k
c in tr rt ln, R
1
c in tr rt nh so vi R
2
. S ch ca cc
vn k l:
A.U
1
= 10V; U
2
= 110V B. U
1
= 60V;

V
R
1
R
3
R
2
R
4
A
+
-B

V
R
1
R
3
R
2
R
x
A
+
-B

A

D C
B
R
R R R
+
-
R
1
R
2
A
+
-B

V
1
V
2
U
2
= 60V
C.U
1
= 120V; U
2
= 0V D.U
1
= 0V;
U
2
= 120V

Cu hi 35: Mt in k c th o c dng in ti a l 10mA dng lm vn k c th o
ti a 25V, th ngi ta s dng thm:
A. in tr nh hn 2 mc song song vi in k B. in tr ln hn 2 mc song
song vi in k
C. in tr nh hn 2 mc ni tip vi in k D. in tr ln hn 2 mc ni
tip vi in k
Cu hi 36: Mt in k c in tr 1, o c dng in ti a 50mA. Phi lm th no s
dng in k ny lm ampe k o cng dng in ti a 2,5A:
A. Mc song song vi in k mt in tr 0,2 B. Mc ni tip vi in k mt in tr
4
C. Mc ni tip vi in k mt in tr 20 D. Mc song song vi in k mt
in tr 0,02
Cu hi 37:Mt in k c in tr 2, trn in k c 100 chia, mi chia c gi tr
0,05mA. Mun dng in k lm vn k o hiu in th cc i 120V th phi lm th no:
A. Mc song song vi in k in tr 23998 B. Mc ni tip vi in k in tr
23998
C. Mc ni tip vi in k in tr 11999 D. Mc song song vi in k in
tr 11999
Cu hi 38: Mt in k c in tr 24,5 o c dng in ti a l 0,01A v c 50 chia.
Mun chuyn in k thnh ampe k m mi chia ng vi 0,1A th phi mc song song vi in
k mt in tr:
A. 0,1 B. 0,3 C. 0,5 D. 0,7
Cu hi 39:Mt vn k c in tr 12K o c hiu in th ln nht 110V. Nu mc vn k
vi in tr 24K th vn k o c hiu in th ln nht l bao nhiu:
A. 165V B. 220V C. 330V D. 440V
Cu hi 40: Mt ampe k c in tr 0,49 o c dng in ln nht l 5A. Ngi ta mc thm
in tr 0,245 song song vi ampe k trn tr thnh h thng c th o c dng in ln
nht bng bao nhiu:
A. 10A B. 12,5A C. 15A D. 20A
P N
Cu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
p n C C C D B C B A D B
Cu 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
p n C C B B B B C B C C
Cu 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
p n C B A B D C A D B A
Cu 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
p n C D C D D D B C C B

I. Kin thc:
14
Ch 4: : NH LUT M I VI TON MCH.
NH LUT M I VI ON MCH CHA NGUN IN
1. nh lut m i vi ton mch: Cng dng in chy trong mch in kn t l thun
vi sut in ng ca ngun in v t l nghch vi in tr ton phn ca mch .

r R
I
N
+
=

+ - (, r
= I.R
N
+I.r I
Vi I.R
N
= U
N
: gim th mch ngoi.
I.r: gim th mch trong.
U
N
= - r.I + Nu in tr trong r = 0, hay mch h (I = 0) th U
N
= .
+ Nu R = 0 th
r
I

= , lc ny ngun gi l b on mch.
nh lut m i vi ton mch hon ton ph hp vi nh lut bo ton v chuyn ha
nng lng.
Theo nh lut bo ton v chuyn ha nng lng ta c: Cng ca ngun in sinh ra trong
mch kn bng tng cng ca dng in sn ra mch ngoi v mch trong.
A = I.t = (R
N
+ r).I
2
.t
Hin tng on mch xy ra khi ni 2 cc ca mt ngun in ch bng dy dn c in tr
rt nh. Khi on mch, dng in chy qua mch c cng ln v c th gy ra nhiu tc hi.
2. nh lut m i vi oan mch:
I=
R
U

on mch cha may thu: , r
Th U
AB
= + I(R+ r)
Hay U
BA
= - - I (R +r).
on mch cha nhiu ngun in, nhiu in tr:
1
, r
1

2
,
r
2

Th U
AB
=
1
-
2
+ I (R
1
+ R
2
+ r
1
+r
2
).
Hay: U
BA
=
2
-
1
I (R
1
+ R
2
+ r
1
+r
2
).
3. Hiu sut ca ngun in:

N N co
U
t I
t I U A
H = = =
. .
. .
A
nguon
ich
(%)
4. Mc ngun in:
Mc n ngun in ni tip nhau.

b
=
1
+
2
+ .. +
n

r
b
= r
1
+ r
2
+ .. + r
n

Mc m ngun in ging nhau (
0
, r
0
) song song nhau.

b
=
0
, r
b
=
m
r
0

Mc N ngun in ging nhau (
0
, r
0
) thnh m dy, mi dy c n ngun in.

b
= n.
0
, r
b
=
m
r n
0
.
.
Mc xung i. Gi s cho
1
>
2
.
1,
r
1

2
, r
2

b
=
1 -

2
, r
b
= r
1
+ r
2
.

II. Hng dn gii bi tp:
ch ny c th c cc dng bi tp sau y:
- Tnh cng dng in qua mt mch kn.
+ Tnh in tr mch ngoi.
+ Tnh in tr ton mch: R
tm
= R
N
+ r.
+ p dng nh lut m:
r R
I
N
+
=

.
Trong cc trng hp mch c nhiu ngun th cn xc nh xem cc ngun c mc vi
nhau nh th no: Tnh
b
, r
b
thay vo biu thc ca nh lut m ta s tm c I.

r R
I
N
+
=

Bi ton cng c th ra ngc li: Tm in tr hoc tm sut in ng ca ngun. Khi
bi ton c th cho cng , hiu in th trn mch hoc cho n sng bnh thng,
- Dng ton tnh cng sut cc i m ngun in c th cung cp cho mch ngoi.
Ta cn tm biu thc P theo R, kho st biu thc ny ta s tm c R P max v gi tr P
max
.
P =
2
2
2
2
) R (
R
r) (
R
r
R
+
=
+

Xt
R
r
+ R t gi tr cc tiu khi R = r. Khi P
max
=
r . 4
2

- Dng ton ghp n ngun ging nhau: Tnh sut in ng, v in tr trong ca b ngun.
Kho st cc i, cc tiu: Sut in ng ca b ngun cc i nu cc ngun ni tip nhau, in
tr trong ca b ngun cc tiu nu cc ngun ghp song song nhau.
- Mch cha t in: khng c dng in qua cc nhnh cha t; b qua cc nhnh c t, gii mch
in tm cng dng in qua cc nhnh; hiu in th gia hai bn t hoc hai u b t
chnh l hiu in th gia 2 im ca mch in ni vi hai bn t hoc hai u b t.
Dng 1: NH LUT M I VI TON MCH.

PP chung: ,r
nh lut m i vi ton mch:

r R +
=

I
H qu:
- Hiu in th mch ngoi (cng l hiu in th gia hai cc dng m ca ngun in):U =
- I.r
- Nu in tr trong r = 0 hay mch h (I = 0) th U = .
- Nu in tr mch ngoi R = 0 th I =
r
, lc ny on mch b on mch (Rt nguy

him, v khi I tng ln nhanh t ngt v mang gi tr rt ln.)
II.bi tp t lun:
1. Tnh hiu in th gia hai cc ca mt ngun c sut in ng l , bit in tr trong v
ngoi l nh nhau ? s:
2

2. Nu mc in tr 16 vi mt b pin th cng dng in trong mch bng 1 A. Nu mc
in tr 8 vo b pin th cng bng 1,8 A. Tnh sut in ng v in tr trong ca b
pin.
s: 18 V, 2 .
3. Mt ngun in c sut in ng l 6 V, in tr trong r = 2 , mch ngoi c in tr R.
a. Tnh R cng sut tiu th mch ngoi l 4 W.
b. Vi gi tr no ca R cng sut mch ngoi c gi tr cc i? Tnh gi tr ?
s: 4 (1 ); 2 , 4,5 W.
4. Mc mt bng n nh vi b pin c sut in ng 4,5 v th vnk cho bit hiu in th gia
hai u bng n l 4 V v ampe k ch 0,25 A. Tnh in tr trong ca b pin. s: 2
5. Mc mt dy c in tr 2 vi mt pin c sut in ng 1,1 V th c dng in 0,5 A chy qua
dy. Tnh cng dng in nu on mch ? s: 5,5 A.
6. Dng mt ngun in thp sng ln lt 2 bng n c in tr R
1
= 2 v R
2
= 8 , khi
cng sut tiu th ca hai bng n l nh nhau. Tm in tr trong ca ngun in ? s: 4 .
7*. Vn k ch 6 V khi mc vo hai cc ca mt ngun in. Mc thm vo hai cc y mt n A
th vn k ch 3 V. Hy tm s ch ca Vn k khi mc thm n B ging nh n A:
a. Ni tip vi n A.
b. Song song vi n A.
8. in tr ca bng n (1) v (2) ln lt l 3 v 12 . Khi ln lt mc tng ci vo ngun
in th cng sut tieu th ca chng bng nhau. Tnh:
a. in tr trong ca ngun in.
b. Hiu sut ca mi n. s: 6 , 33,3 %, 66,7 %.
9. Cho mch in c s nh hnh v, bit = 12 V, r = 1,1 , R
1
= 0,1 . + -
a. Mun cho cng sut mch ngi ln nht, R phi c gi tr bng bao , r
nhiu ?
a. phi chn R bng bao nhiu cng sut tiu th trn R l ln nht?
tnh cng sut ln nht ? s: 1 ; 2, 4

10. Cho mch in nh hnh trong
1
= 8 V, r
1
= r
2
= 2 . n c ghi 12 V 6 W.
1
, r
1

Xc nh gi tr ca
2
bit rng n sng bnh thng.
s:
2
= 6 V.
2
, r
2

Cu hi 1: Cng thc no l nh lut m cho mch in kn gm mt ngun in v mt in tr
ngoi:
A. I = B. U
AB
= Ir C. U
AB
= + Ir D. U
AB
= I
AB
(R + r)
Cu hi 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Biu thc no sau y ng:
A. I
1
= B. I
3
= 2I
2
C. I
2
R = 2I
3
R D. I
2
= I
1
+ I
3

Cu hi 3: Mt ngun in c in tr trong 0,1 mc thnh mch kn vi in tr 4,8. Khi
hiu in th gia hai cc ngun in l 12V. Tnh sut in ng ca ngun v cng dng
in trong mch:
A. 2,49A; 12,2V B. 2,5A; 12,25V C. 2,6A; 12,74V D. 2,9A; 14,2V
Cu hi 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v. S ch ca vn k l:
A. 1V B. 2V C. 3V D. 6V
Cu hi 5: Nu l sut in ng ca ngun in v I
n
l dng ngn mch khi hai cc ngun ni
vi nhau bng dy dn khng in tr th in tr trong ca ngun c tnh:
A. r = /2I
n
B. r = 2/I
n
C. r = /I
n
D. r = I
n
/
Cu hi 6: Mt ngun in mc vi mt bin tr. Khi in tr ca bin tr l 1,65 th hiu in
th hai cc ngun l 3,3V; khi in tr ca bin tr l 3,5 th hiu in th hai cc ngun l
3,5V. Tm sut in ng v in tr trong ca ngun:
A. 3,7V; 0,2 B.3,4V; 0,1 C.6,8V;1,95 D. 3,6V; 0,15

Cu hi 7: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Hai pin c sut in ng bng nhau v bng 6V,
r
1
= 1, r
2
= 2. Tnh cng dng in trong mch v hiu in th gia hai im A v B:
A. 1A; 3V B. 2A; 4V C. 3A; 1V D. 4A; 2V

2R

R

I
1
I
3
I
2
= 6V
100

100

V
A
, r
1
, r
2
B
A
, r
1
, r
2
B
r
1
= 1, r
2
A. 0,5A; 1V B. 1A; 1V C. 0A; 2V D. 1A; 2V

Cu hi 9: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Hai pin c sut in ng
1
= 6V,
2
= 3V,
r
1
= 1, r
2
A. 1A; 5V B. 0,8A; 4V C. 0,6A; 3V D. 1A; 2V
Cu hi 10: Tm sut in ng v in tr trong ca b ngun gm 6 cquy mc nh hnh v.
Bit mi cquy c = 2V; r = 1:
A. 12V; 3 B. 6V; 3 C. 12V; 1,5 D. 6V; 1,5
Cu hi 11: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Mi pin c = 1,5V; r = 1.
in tr mch ngoi R = 3,5. Tm cng dng in mch ngoi:
A. 0,88A B. 0,9A C. 1A D. 1,2A

1
= 12V,
2
= 6V,
r
1
= 3, r
2
A. 1A; 5V B. 2A; 8V C. 3A; 9V D. 0,75A; 9,75V
Cng dng in mch ngoi l 0,5A. in tr R l:
A. 20 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12
Cu hi 14: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit = 6V, r = 0,5, R
1
= R
2
= 2,
R
3
= R
5
= 4, R
4
= 6. in tr ca ampe k v dy ni khng ng k.
Tm s ch ca ampe k:
A. 0,25A B. 0,5A C. 0,75A D. 1A
Cu hi 15: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Khi dng in qua in tr R
5
bng khng th:
A. R
1
/ R
2
= R
3
/ R
4
B. R
4
/ R
3
= R
1
/ R
2

C. R
1
R
4
= R
3
R
2
D. C A v C u ng
Cu hi 16: Cho mch in nh hnh v cu hi 14. Bit = 6V, r = 0,5, R
1
= R
2
= 2; R
3
= R
5

= 4, R
4
= 6. in tr ampe k khng ng k. Cng dng in trong mch chnh l:
A. 0,5A B. 1A C. 1,5A D. 2A
1
= R
2
= 2,R
3
= R
5
=
4, R
4
= 6. in tr ampe k khng ng k. Hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun in l:
A. 1,5V B. 2,5V C. 4,5V D. 5,5V
Cu hi 18: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit = 6,6V; r = 0,12,
1
: 6V 3W;

2
: 2,5V 1,25W. iu chnh R
1
v R
2
sao cho 2 n sng bnh thng. Tnh gi tr ca R
2
:
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
A
1
, r
1
2
, r
2
B
A B
A
1
, r
1
2
, r
2
B
R
A B
R
1
C
D
A

A

B

R
2
R
3
R
4
R
5

C
D
A

B

R
1
R
2
R
3
R
4
R
5
, r
A
B R
2
2
R
1
C
Cu hi 19: Cho mch in nh hnh v cu hi 18. Bit = 6,6V; r = 0,12,
1
: 6V 3W;
2
:
2,5V 1,25W. iu chnh R
1
v R
2
1
:
A. 0,24 B. 0,36 C. 0,48 D. 0,56
Cu hi 20: Mc vn k V
1
c in tr R
1
vo hai cc ngun in (e,r) th vn k ch 8V. Mc
thm vn k V
2
c in tr R
2
ni tip vi V
1
vo hai cc ngun th V
1
ch 6V v V
2
ch 3V. Tnh
sut in ng ca ngun:
A. 10V B. 11V
Cu hi 21: Trong mt mch in kn nu mch ngoi thun in tr R
N
th hiu sut ca ngun
in c in tr r c tnh bi biu thc:
A. H = B. H = C.H = D. H =
Cu hi 22: Cho mch in nh hnh v, b qua cc in tr dy ni v ampe k, = 3V,
r = 1, ampe k ch 0,5A. Gi tr ca in tr R l:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 5 D. 3
Cu hi 23: Cc pin ging nhau c sut in ng
0
, in tr trong r
0
mc hn hp i xng gm
n dy, mi dy c m ngun mc ni tip. B ngun ny mc vi in tr ngoi R th cng
dng in qua in tr R l:
A. I = B. I = C. I = D. I =
Cu hi 24: C n ngun ging nhau cng sut in ng e, in tr trong r mc ni tip vi nhau
ri mc thnh mch kn vi R. Cng dng in qua R l:
A. I = B. I = C. I = D. I =
Cu hi 25: C n ngun ging nhau cng sut in ng e, in tr trong r mc song song vi
nhau ri mc thnh mch kn vi R. Cng dng in qua R l:
A. I = B. I = C. I = D. I =
Cu hi 26: Cho mch in nh hnh v. B qua in tr ca dy ni v ampe k,
bit
1
= 3V, r
1
= 1,
2
= 6V, r
2
= 1, R = 2,5. Ampe k ch:
A. 2A B. 0,666A C. 2,57A D. 4,5A
= 30V, r = 3, R
1
= 12, R
2
= 36, R
3
= 18. Xc nh s ch ampe k:
A. 0,741A B. 0,654A C. 0,5A D. 1A
= 30V, r = 3, R
1
= 12, R
2
= 36, R
3
A. 0,75A B. 0,65A C. 0,5A D. 1A
Cu hi 29: Khi mt ti R ni vo ngun c sut in ng , in tr trong r m cng sut mch
ngoi cc i th:
A. IR = B. r = R C. P
R
= .I D. I = /r

1
= R
2
= R
V
= 50, = 3V, r = 0.
B qua in tr dy ni, s ch vn k l:
A
R
, r
1
, r
1

A
R
2
, r
2

A
N M
R
1
R
2
R
3
, r

N M
R
1
R
2
R
3
A
, r

V
R
1
R
2

A. 0,5V B. 1V C. 1,5V D. 2V
P N
Cu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
p n A C B B C A D B A D
Cu 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
p n C D C A D B D C C C
Cu 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
p n C C C C D A A A B B

I. Kin thc:
1. nh lut m i vi ton mch: Cng dng in chy trong mch in kn t l
thun vi sut in ng ca ngun in v t l nghch vi in tr ton phn ca mch .

r R
I
N
+
=

+ - (, r)
= I.R
N
+I.r I
Vi I.R
N
= U
N
: gim th mch ngoi.
I.r: gim th mch trong.
U
N
= - r.I + Nu in tr trong r = 0, hay mch h (I = 0) th U
N
= .
+ Nu R = 0 th
r
I

= , lc ny ngun gi l b on mch.
nh lut m i vi ton mch hon ton ph hp vi nh lut bo ton v chuyn ha
nng lng.
Theo nh lut bo ton v chuyn ha nng lng ta c: Cng ca ngun in sinh ra trong
mch kn bng tng cng ca dng in sn ra mch ngoi v mch trong.
A = I.t = (R
N
+ r).I
2
.t
Hin tng on mch xy ra khi ni 2 cc ca mt ngun in ch bng dy dn c in tr
rt nh. Khi on mch, dng in chy qua mch c cng ln v c th gy ra nhiu tc hi.
2. nh lut m i vi cc loi on mch:
on mch cha my thu: , r
Th U
AB
= + I(R+ r)
Hay U
BA
= - - I (R +r).
1
, r
1

2
,
r
2

Th U
AB
=
1
-
2
+ I (R
1
+ R
2
+ r
1
+r
2
).
Hay: U
BA
=
2
-
1
I (R
1
+ R
2
+ r
1
+r
2
).

N N co
U
t I
t I U A
H = = =
. .
. .
A
nguon
ich
(%)
4. Mc ngun in:

b
=
1
+
2
+ .. +
n

r
b
= r
1
+ r
2
+ .. + r
n

0
, r
0
) song song nhau.
14
4
Ch 4: : NH LUT M I VI TON MCH.
NH LUT M I VI ON MCH CHA NGUN IN

b
=
0
, r
b
=
m
r
0

0
, r
0

b
= n.
0
, r
b
=
m
r n
0
.
.
Mc xung i. Gi s cho
1
>
2
.
1,
r
1

2
, r
2

b
=
1 -

2
, r
b
= r
1
+ r
2
.

*. Hng dn gii bi tp:
ch ny c th c cc dng bi tp sau y:
- Tnh cng dng in qua mt mch kn.
+ Tnh in tr mch ngoi.
+ Tnh in tr ton mch: R
tm
= R
N
+ r.
+ p dng nh lut m:
r R
I
N
+
=

.
Trong cc trng hp mch c nhiu ngun th cn xc nh xem cc ngun c mc vi
nhau nh th no: Tnh
b
, r
b
thay vo biu thc ca nh lut m ta s tm c I.

r R
I
N
+
=

Bi ton cng c th ra ngc li: Tm in tr hoc tm sut in ng ca ngun. Khi
bi ton c th cho cng , hiu in th trn mch hoc cho n sng bnh thng,
- Dng ton tnh cng sut cc i m ngun in c th cung cp cho mch ngoi.
Ta cn tm biu thc P theo R, kho st biu thc ny ta s tm c R P max v gi tr P
max
.
P =
2
2
2
2
) R (
R
r) (
R
r
R
+
=
+

Xt
R
r
+ R t gi tr cc tiu khi R = r. Khi P
max
=
r . 4
2

- Dng ton ghp n ngun ging nhau: Tnh sut in ng, v in tr trong ca b ngun.
Kho st cc i, cc tiu: Sut in ng ca b ngun cc i nu cc ngun ni tip nhau, in
tr trong ca b ngun cc tiu nu cc ngun ghp song song nhau.
- Mch cha t in: khng c dng in qua cc nhnh cha t; b qua cc nhnh c t, gii mch
in tm cng dng in qua cc nhnh; hiu in th gia hai bn t hoc hai u b t
chnh l hiu in th gia 2 im ca mch in ni vi hai bn t hoc hai u b t.
II.bi tp t lun:
1. Tnh hiu in th gia hai cc ca mt ngun c sut in ng l , bit in tr trong v
ngoi l nh nhau ? s:
2. Nu mc in tr 16 vi mt b pin th cng dng in trong mch bng 1 A. Nu mc
in tr 8 vo b pin th cng bng 1,8 A. Tnh sut in ng v in tr trong ca b
pin.
s:
3. Mt ngun in c sut in ng l 6 V, in tr trong r = 2 , mch ngoi c in tr R.
a. Tnh R cng sut tiu th mch ngoi l 4 W.
b. Vi gi tr no ca R cng sut mch ngoi c gi tr cc i? Tnh gi tr ?
4. Mc mt bng n nh vi b pin c sut in ng 4,5 v th vnk cho bit hiu in th gia
hai u bng n l 4 V v ampe k ch 0,25 A. Tnh in tr trong ca b pin. s
5. Mc mt dy c in tr 2 vi mt pin c sut in ng 1,1 V th c dng in 0,5 A chy qua
dy. Tnh cng dng in nu on mch ? s:.
6. Dng mt ngun in thp sng ln lt 2 bng n c in tr R
1
= 2 v R
2
= 8 , khi
cng sut tiu th ca hai bng n l nh nhau. Tm in tr trong ca ngun in ? s:
7*. Vn k ch 6 V khi mc vo hai cc ca mt ngun in. Mc thm vo hai cc y mt n A
th vn k ch 3 V. Hy tm s ch ca Vn k khi mc thm n B ging nh n A:
a. Ni tip vi n A.
b. Song song vi n A.
8. in tr ca bng n (1) v (2) ln lt l 3 v 12 . Khi ln lt mc tng ci vo ngun
in th cng sut tiu th ca chng bng nhau. Tnh:
a. in tr trong ca ngun in.
b. Hiu sut ca mi n.
9. Cho mch in c s nh hnh v, bit = 12 V, r = 1,1 , R
1
= 0,1 . + -
a. Mun cho cng sut mch ngi ln nht, R phi c gi tr bng bao , r
nhiu ?
b. phi chn R bng bao nhiu cng sut tiu th trn R l ln nht?
tnh cng sut ln nht ? s
1
= 8 V, r
1
= r
2
= 2 . n c ghi 12 V 6 W.
1
, r
1

Xc nh gi tr ca
2
bit rng n sng bnh thng.
s:
Cu hi 1: Cng thc no l nh lut m cho mch in kn gm mt ngun in v mt in tr
ngoi:
A. I = B. U
AB
= Ir C. U
AB
= + Ir D. U
AB
= I
AB
(R + r)
Cu hi 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Biu thc no sau y ng:
A. I
1
= B. I
3
= 2I
2
C. I
2
R = 2I
3
R D. I
2
= I
1
+ I
3

Cu hi 3: Mt ngun in c in tr trong 0,1 mc thnh mch kn vi in tr 4,8. Khi
hiu in th gia hai cc ngun in l 12V. Tnh sut in ng ca ngun v cng dng
in trong mch:
A. 2,49A; 12,2V B. 2,5A; 12,25V C. 2,6A; 12,74V D. 2,9A; 14,2V
Cu hi 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v. S ch ca vn k l:
A. 1V B. 2V C. 3V D. 6V
Cu hi 5: Nu l sut in ng ca ngun in v I
n
l dng ngn mch khi hai cc ngun ni
vi nhau bng dy dn khng in tr th in tr trong ca ngun c tnh:
A. r = /2I
n
B. r = 2/I
n
C. r = /I
n
D. r = I
n
/
Cu hi 6: Mt ngun in mc vi mt bin tr. Khi in tr ca bin tr l 1,65 th hiu in
th hai cc ngun l 3,3V; khi in tr ca bin tr l 3,5 th hiu in th hai cc ngun l
3,5V. Tm sut in ng v in tr trong ca ngun:
A. 3,7V; 0,2 B.3,4V; 0,1 C.6,8V;1,95 D. 3,6V; 0,15

r
1
= 1, r
2
A. 1A; 3V B. 2A; 4V C. 3A; 1V D. 4A; 2V

r
1
= 1, r
2
2R

R

I
1
I
3
I
2
= 6V
100

100

V
A
, r
1
, r
2
B
A
, r
1
, r
2
B
A. 0,5A; 1V B. 1A; 1V C. 0A; 2V D. 1A; 2V

1
= 6V,
2
= 3V,
r
1
= 1, r
2
A. 1A; 5V B. 0,8A; 4V C. 0,6A; 3V D. 1A; 2V
Cu hi 10: Tm sut in ng v in tr trong ca b ngun gm 6 cquy mc nh hnh v.
Bit mi cquy c = 2V; r = 1:
A. 12V; 3 B. 6V; 3 C. 12V; 1,5 D. 6V; 1,5
in tr mch ngoi R = 3,5. Tm cng dng in mch ngoi:
A. 0,88A B. 0,9A C. 1A D. 1,2A

1
= 12V,
2
= 6V,
r
1
= 3, r
2
A. 1A; 5V B. 2A; 8V C. 3A; 9V D. 0,75A; 9,75V
Cng dng in mch ngoi l 0,5A. in tr R l:
A. 20 B. 8 C. 10 D. 12
Cu hi 14: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit = 6V, r = 0,5, R
1
= R
2
= 2,
R
3
= R
5
= 4, R
4
= 6. in tr ca ampe k v dy ni khng ng k.
Tm s ch ca ampe k:
A. 0,25A B. 0,5A C. 0,75A D. 1A
Cu hi 15: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Khi dng in qua in tr R
5
bng khng th:
A. R
1
/ R
2
= R
3
/ R
4
B. R
4
/ R
3
= R
1
/ R
2

C. R
1
R
4
= R
3
R
2
D. C A v C u ng
1
= R
2
= 2; R
3
= R
5

= 4, R
4
= 6. in tr ampe k khng ng k. Cng dng in trong mch chnh l:
A. 0,5A B. 1A C. 1,5A D. 2A
1
= R
2
= 2,R
3
= R
5
=
4, R
4
= 6. in tr ampe k khng ng k. Hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun in l:
A. 1,5V B. 2,5V C. 4,5V D. 5,5V
Cu hi 18: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit = 6,6V; r = 0,12,
1
: 6V 3W;

2
: 2,5V 1,25W. iu chnh R
1
v R
2
2
:
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
Cu hi 19: Cho mch in nh hnh v cu hi 18. Bit = 6,6V; r = 0,12,
1
: 6V 3W;
2
:
2,5V 1,25W. iu chnh R
1
v R
2
1
:
A. 0,24 B. 0,36 C. 0,48 D. 0,56
A
1
, r
1
2
, r
2
B
A B
A
1
, r
1
2
, r
2
B
R
A B
R
1
C
D
A

A

B

R
2
R
3
R
4
R
5

C
D
A

B

R
1
R
2
R
3
R
4
R
5
, r
A
B R
2
2
R
1
C
Cu hi 20: Mc vn k V
1
c in tr R
1
vo hai cc ngun in (e,r) th vn k ch 8V. Mc
thm vn k V
2
c in tr R
2
ni tip vi V
1
vo hai cc ngun th V
1
ch 6V v V
2
ch 3V. Tnh
sut in ng ca ngun:
A. 10V B. 11V
Cu hi 21: Trong mt mch in kn nu mch ngoi thun in tr R
N
th hiu sut ca ngun
in c in tr r c tnh bi biu thc:
A. H = B. H = C.H = D. H =
Cu hi 22: Cho mch in nh hnh v, b qua cc in tr dy ni v ampe k, = 3V,
r = 1, ampe k ch 0,5A. Gi tr ca in tr R l:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 5 D. 3
Cu hi 23: Cc pin ging nhau c sut in ng
0
, in tr trong r
0
mc hn hp i xng gm
n dy, mi dy c m ngun mc ni tip. B ngun ny mc vi in tr ngoi R th cng
dng in qua in tr R l:
A. I = B. I = C. I = D. I =
Cu hi 24: C n ngun ging nhau cng sut in ng e, in tr trong r mc ni tip vi nhau
ri mc thnh mch kn vi R. Cng dng in qua R l:
A. I = B. I = C. I = D. I =
Cu hi 25: C n ngun ging nhau cng sut in ng e, in tr trong r mc song song vi
nhau ri mc thnh mch kn vi R. Cng dng in qua R l:
A. I = B. I = C. I = D. I =
bit
1
= 3V, r
1
= 1,
2
= 6V, r
2
= 1, R = 2,5. Ampe k ch:
A. 2A B. 0,666A C. 2,57A D. 4,5A
= 30V, r = 3, R
1
= 12, R
2
= 36, R
3
A. 0,741A B. 0,654A C. 0,5A D. 1A
= 30V, r = 3, R
1
= 12, R
2
= 36, R
3
A. 0,75A B. 0,65A C. 0,5A D. 1A
Cu hi 29: Khi mt ti R ni vo ngun c sut in ng , in tr trong r m cng sut mch
ngoi cc i th:
A. IR = B. r = R C. P
R
= .I D. I = /r

1
= R
2
= R
V
= 50, = 3V, r = 0.
B qua in tr dy ni, s ch vn k l:
A. 0,5V B. 1V C. 1,5V D. 2V

A
R
, r
1
, r
1

A
R
2
, r
2

A
N M
R
1
R
2
R
3
, r

N M
R
1
R
2
R
3
A
, r

V
R
1
R
2

I kin thc:
on mch cha ngun in: , r
Th U
AB
= + I(R+ r)
Hay U
BA
= - - I (R +r).
1
, r
1

2
,
r
2

Th U
AB
=
1
-
2
+ I (R
1
+ R
2
+ r
1
+r
2
).
Hay: U
BA
=
2
-
1
I (R
1
+ R
2
+ r
1
+r
2
).

N N co
U
t I
t I U A
H = = =
. .
. .
A
nguon
ich
(%)
4. Mc ngun in:

b
=
1
+
2
+ .. +
n

r
b
= r
1
+ r
2
+ .. + r
n

0
, r
0
) song song nhau.

b
=
0
, r
b
=
m
r
0

0
, r
0

b
= n.
0
, r
b
=
m
r n
0
.
.
Mc xung i. Gi s cho
1
>
2
.
1,
r
1

2
, r
2

b
=
1 -

2
, r
b
= r
1
+ r
2
.

II. Bi tp t lun:
1. Cho = 12 V, r = 1 , R l bin tr.
a. iu chnh cho R = 9 . Tm cng ca ngun v nhit lng ta ra trn R
trong 5 pht ?
b. iu chnh R sao cho in nng tiu th ca on mch cha R trong 2 pht , r
bng 3240 J, tnh R ?
c. Vi gi tr no ca R th cng sut tiu th trong R t gi tr cc i ?
Tnh gi tr cc i ny ? s: 4320 J, 3240 J. 3 v
3
1
. 36 W (R = r)
2. Cho mch in nh hnh v,
1
= 10 V,
2
= 2 V, r
1
= r
2
= 1 . R l bin tr.
1
, r
1

a. iu chnh R = 10 , tm hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun
2.
Tnh nhit lng ta ra trn R trong 5 pht ?
2,
r
2
R
b. iu chnh R sao cho hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun
1
bng khng.
Tnh R ?
c. Vi gi tr no ca R th cng sut tiu th trn R t gi tr cc i?
Tnh gi tr cc i ny?
s: 1 V, 3000 J; 4 ; 2 , 18 W.
3. Mch in nh hnh v.
1
= 6 V,
2
= 3 V, r
1
= r
2
= 1 . 1
a. Tnh cng dng in v hiu in th ca mi cc ca ngun khi k m.
b.* Tnh I qua K khi K ng ?
15
nh lut m cho cc loi on mch
s: 4,5 A, U
1
= 1,5 V, U
2
= -1,5 V. 9 A. 2
4. Cho mch in nh hnh v.R
2
= R
3
= R
4
= 30 . R
1
= 35 , r = 5 .
R
v
rt ln, V ch 13,5 V.
a. Tnh sut in ng ca ngun?
b. i ch ngun v Vn k, tm s ch ca V ?
s: 18 V, 13,5 V.

2
= 6 V, r
1
= 2 .
n ghi 12 V- 6 W. Xc nh gi tr ca
1
v r
2
bit n sng thng. 1
Hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun 2 l 5 V.
s: 8 V, 2
2
6. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit
1
=12 V, r
1
= 1 ;
1
r
1

2
r
2

2
=6 V, r
2
= 2 ;
3
= 9 V, r
3
= 3 ;
R
1
= 4 , R
2
= 2 , R
3
= 3 .
Tnh hiu in th gia hai im A B ?
s: 13,6 V.
3
r
3

1

7. Cho mch in nh hnh :
1
= 1,9 V;
2
= 1,7 V;
3
= 1,6 V;
r
1
= 0,3 ; r
2
= r
3
= 0,1 . Ampe k A ch s 0.
2

Tnh in tr R v cng dng in qua cc mch nhnh.
s: R = 0,8 , I = 2 A, I
1
= I
2
= 1 A.
3

8.Cho mch in nh hnh: cho bit
1
=
2
; R
1
= 3 , R
2
= 6 ; r
2
= 0,4 .
1

2

Hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun
1
bng khng. Tnh r
1
?
s: 2,4
9. Cho mch in nh hnh v:
= 3v, r = 0,5 . R
1
= 2 , R
2
= 4 , R
4
= 8 , R
5
= 100 ,
R
A
= 0 . Ban u k m v ampe k ch I = 1,2 A.
a. Tnh U
AB
v cng dng in qua mi in tr.
b. Tm R
3
, U
MN
, U
MC
.
c. Tm cng mch chnh v mi nhnh khi K ng ?
s: 4,8 v, I
1
= I
2
= 0,4 A. I
3
= I
4
= 0,8 A.
R
3
= 4 , U
MN
= 0 V, U
MC
= 0,8 V. Khng thay i.

1
r
1

10. Cho mch in nh hnh v:
1
= 20V,
2
= 32 V, r
1
= 1 , r
2
= 0,5 , R = 2
2
r
2

Xc nh chiu v cng dng in qua mi nhnh ?
s: I
1
= 4 A, I
2
= 16 A, I = 12 A

III. Bi tp tc nghim:
Cu hi 1: Cho mch in nh hnh v. Phng trnh no din t ng mi
quan h gia cc cng dng in:
A. I
1
+ I
6
= I
5
B. I
1
+ I
2
= I
3
C. I
1
+ I
4
= I
5
D. I
1
+ I
2
= I
5
+I
6

I5
I1
I2
I4
I6
I3
4
3
2
5
6
10V
12V
Cu hi 2: Cho mch in nh hnh v cu hi 1. Phng trnh no din t ng mi
quan h gia cc cng dng in:
A. 4I
1
+ 2I
5
+ 6I
3
= 10 B. 3I
4
+ 2I
5
5I
6
= 12
C. 3I
4
- 4I
1
= 2 D. 4I
1
+ 2I
5
+ 6I
3
= 0
Cu hi 3: Cho mch in nh hnh v.
1
= 6V, r
1
= 1,
2
= 3V, r
2
= 2.
Vi gi tr no ca R th
2
khng pht khng thu:
A. R < 2 B. R > 2 C. R < 1 D. R = 1
Cu hi 4: Cho mch in nh hnh v cu hi 3.
1
= 6, r
1
= 1,
2
= 3V, r
2
= 2.Vi gi tr no
ca R th
2
thu in: A. R < 2 B. R > 1 C. R < 1 D. R >
2

1
=
2
= 6V, r
1
= 1, r
2
= 2,
R
1
= 5, R
2
= 4, vn k c in tr rt ln ch 7,5V. Tnh U
AB
:
A. 6V B. 4,5V C. 9V D. 3V
1
=
2
= 6V, r
1
= 1, r
2
= 2,
R
1
= 5, R
2
= 4, vn k c in tr rt ln ch 7,5V. Tnh R:
A. 4,5 B. 7,5 C. 6 D. 3
Cu hi 7: Cho on mch nh hnh v. Hiu in th gia hai im A v B c biu thc l:
A. U
AB
= + I(R +r) B. U
AB
= - I(R +r) C. U
AB
= I(R +r) - D. U
AB
= - I(R
+r) -

Cu hi 8: Cho on mch nh hnh v. Hiu in th gia hai im A v B c biu thc l:
A. U
AB
= - I(R +r) B. U
AB
= - I(R +r) - C. U
AB
= + I(R +r) D. U
AB
= I(R
+r) -

1
= 6V, r
1
= 1,
2
= 3V, r
2
= 3, R = 3. Tnh U
AB
:
A. 3,6V B. 4V C. 4,2V D. 4,8V

1
= 6, r
1
= 1,
2
= 3V, r
2
= 2.
Vi gi tr no ca R th
2
pht in:
A. R < 2 B. R > 2 C. R < 1 D. R > 1
P N
Cu hi 11: Mt b c quy c np in vi cng dng in np l 3A v hiu in th t
vo hai cc ca b cquy l 12V. Xc nh in tr trong ca b cquy, bit b cquy c = 6V:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu hi 12: Mt b c quy c np in vi cng dng in np l 5A v hiu in th t
vo hai cc ca b cquy l 32V. Xc nh in tr trong ca b cquy, bit b cquy c = 16V:
A. 1,2 B. 2,2 C. 3,2 D. 4,2

A B
R
1,
r
1
2,
r
2
V
A B
R
1,
r
1
2,
r
2
R
2
R
1
N
M
A B
R
,
r

I
A B
R
,
r

I
A B
R
1,
r
1
2,
r
2
A
1
, r
1

2
, r
2

A B
C

1
= 4,5V; r
1
= 1,
2
= 1,8V, R
AB
= 8,
R
A
= 0. Tm gi tr ca in tr on AC ampe k ch s khng:
A. 1,2 B. 2,4 C. 3,6 D. 4,8

1
= 4,5V; r
1
= 1,
2
= 1,8V, R
AB
= 8,
R
A
= 0, R = 3. Tm gi tr ca in tr on AC ampe k ch s khng:
A. 3 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

1
= 6V; r
1
= 2,
2
= 4,5V, r
2
= 0,5,
R
A
= 0, R = 2. Tm s ch ca ampe k:
A. 0,5A B. 1A C. 1,5A D. 2A

Cu hi 16:Mt b ngun gm hai ngun
1
; r
1
;
2
, r
2
khc nhau mc song song vi nhau ri mc
vi mch ngoi. Hiu in th hai u b hai ngun trn c biu thc:
A. U =
1
+
2
B. 1/U = 1/
1
+ 1/
2
C. U = |
1
-
2
| D. U =

Cu hi 17: Mt b ngun gm hai ngun
1
; r
1
;
2
, r
2
khc nhau mc song song vi nhau ri mc
vi mch ngoi. in tr trong ca b ngun c biu thc:
A. r
b
= r
1
+ r
2
B. r
b
= C. r
b
= |r
1
- r
2
| D. r
b
=

Cu hi 18: Ba ngun in ging nhau mi ngun c e = 3V, r = 1 mc nh hnh v.
Hiu in th U
AB
bng:
A. 8/3V B.4V C. 0V D. 5/3V

Hiu in th U
AB
bng:
A. 8/3V B. 4/3V C. 0V D. 5/3V

Hiu in th U
AB
bng:
A. 8/3V B.4/3V C. 0V D. 5/3V

P N
Cu 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
p n B C C C D D B A B C

IV.Bi tp nng cao hay v kh (cc em th sc nh!):
1. Cng dng in khng i chy qua dy tc ca mt bng n l I=0,273A. Tnh in lng
v s e dch qua tit din thng ca dy tc trong thi gian 1 pht. (1,02.10
20
e)
Cu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
p n C C D B D D A A C C
R
A
1
, r
1

2
, r
2

A B
C
A
1
, r
1

2
, r
2

R
A B
A B
A B
2. Pin Lclngs c sut in ng l 1,5V. Hi khi n sn ra mt cng l 270J th n dch chuyn
1 lng in tch dng l bao nhiu bn trong v gia 2 cc ca pin? ( 180 C)
3. Mt b acqui c th cung cp 1 dng in l 4A lin tc trong 1h th phi np li
a) Tnh cng dng in m c qui ny c th cung cp nu n c s dng lin tc trong 20h
th phi np li
b) Tnh S ca acqui ny nu trong thi gian hot ng trn y n sn sinh ra 1 cng 86,4 kJ
HD: Dung lng ca acqui l Q=4.3600 (C) I
= Q/20.3600=0,2A; e=86400/Q=6 V
4. C 2 bng n trn v ngoi c ghi: 1(220V-100W); 2(220V-25W)
1) Hai bng sng bnh thng khng khi mc chng song song vo mng in 220V.
Sau tnh cng dng in qua mi bng.
2) Mc chng ni tip vo mng in 440 V th 2 bng sng bnh thng khng? Nu khng hy
cho bit bng no s chy trc? Nu c hy tnh cng dng in qua mi bng?
5. Mt n ng loi 40W c ch to c cng sut chiu sng bng n dy tc loi 100W. Hi
nu s dng n ng ny trung bnh mi ngy 5h th trong 30 ngy s gim c bao nhiu tin
in so vi s dng n dy tc cng trong thi gian trn. Gi tin in 700 /kwh
HD: Mi giy tit kim c 100-40=60J. Dng 30 ngy tit kim c:30.5.3600.60 (J)
i v kwh bng 30.5.3600.60/3 600 000 =9 kwh tit kim c: 700.9=6300 ()
6. Mt m in c dng vi ht 220 V th un si c 1,5 lt nc t nhit 20
0
C trong 10
pht. Bit nhit dung ring ca nc l: 4190 J/kg.K; D=1000 kg/m
3
; H=90%
1) Tnh in tr ca m in
2) Tnh cng sut in ca m
HD: Tnh nhit lng thu vo ca nc: Q=c.(D.V)(100-20) (nng lng c ch)
H= Q/A=Q/P.t (t=20.60=1200 s) t suy ra P. M P=U
2
/RR=4,232 m; P=931 W
7. Hai dy dn, mt bng ng , mt bng nhm c cng in tr,cng khi lng.
Hi chiu di ca 2 dy dn hn km nhau bao nhiu ln. Cho bit khi lng ring v in tr
sut ca 2 dy l: D
Al
=2700 kg/m
3
; D
Cu
=8900 kg/m
3
; m m
Cu Al
. 10 . 7 , 1 ; . 10 . 8 , 2
8 8
= =

(S: 1,4)
HD: m
1
=m
2
V
1
.D
1
=V
2
.D
2
l
1
.S
1
.D
1
= l
2
.S
2
.D
2
(1) Vit biu thc ca R
1
;R
2
cho R
1
=R
2

Cui cng ta c:
1 1
2 2
2
1
.
.
D
D
l
l
=
=1,4

8. Hai dy dn hnh tr c lm t cng mt cht, c cng mt chiu di. T s in tr ca
chng l 1:2. Hi dy no nng hn v nng hn bao nhiu? (S: Hn km nhau 2 ln)
HD: Chng c cng D v in tr sut,chiu di
9. Mt m in c 2 dy dn R
1
v R
2
un nc. Nu dng dy R
1
th nc trong m s si trong
thi gian 10 min. Cn nu dng ring dy R
2
th thi gian nc s si l 40 min.
Tnh khong thi gian un si m nc trn trong 2 trng hp:
1) R
1
song song vi R
2
(8 min)
2) R
1
ni tip vi R
2
(50 min)
Coi in tr ca dy maiso khng ph thuc vo nhit , hiu sut ca m l 100%
HD: Dng cng thc
t
R
U
Q .
2
=
vi Q v U khng i trong mi trng hp
10 (in tr ph thuc nhit )
Mt bn l c hiu in th v cng sut nh mc l 220 V-1,1 KW
1) Tnh in tr R
0
v cng dng in nh mc I
0
ca bn l
2) h bt nhit ca bn l m vn dng mng in c ht l 220 V ngi ta mc ni tip vi
n mt in tr R= 9 m. Khi bn l ch cn tiu th mt cng sut l P
= 800 W.
Tnh cng dng in I
, hiu in th U
v in tr R
ca bn l.
HD: 1) I
0
= P
0
/U
0
=5A; R
0
=U
0
/I
0
=44 m
2)
'
'
'
U
P
I =
(1) M
R
U
R
U
I
R
'
'
220
= = (2) T (1) v (2) ta c U
=180V (loi U
=40 V)
V khi cng sut khng th bng 80 W c; R
=40,5 m
11. Cho mch in nh s hnh v: e=12 V; r=0
R
1
=3 ; R
2
=4 ; R
3
=5
1) Tnh cng dng in chy trong mch (1A)
2) Tnh hiu in th gia 2 cc ca ngun v 2 u in tr R
2
(U
2
=4V)
3) Tnh cng ca ngun in sn ra trong 10 min v cng sut to nhit ca R
3
(A=7200J)
4) Tnh hiu sut ca ngun v cng do ngun sn ra trong 1h

1 2. Khi mc in tr R
1
=500 vo 2 cc ca mt pin mt tri th ht mch ngoi l U
1
=0,1
V.Thay in tr R
1
bng R
2
=1000 th ht ca mch ngoi by gi l U
2
=0,15 V
1) Tnh sut in ng v in tr trong ca pin ny
2) Din tch ca pin ny l S=5 cm
2
v n nhn c nng
lng nh sng vi cng sut l 2 mW/cm
2
. R
2
Tnh hiu sut H ca pin khi chuyn t nng lng
nh sng thnh nhit nng in tr ngoi R
2

HD: Ta dng cng thc U=I.R suy ra I sau p dng e=U+I.r cho 2 trng hp R
1
,R
2

e
R
1
R
3
Nng lng nh sng trong 1 s l P=10 mW=0,01 W; cng sut to nhit trn R
2
l P
2
=I
2
2
.R
2

Vy H= P
2
/ P S: e=0,3 V; r=1000;H=0,225 %
13. C 36 ngun ging nhau mi ngun S e=12 V v TT r=2 ghp thnh b ngun hn hp
i xng gm n dy song song mi dy gm m ngun ni tip. Mch ngoi l 6 bng n ging ht
nhau c mc song
2
.Khi ht mch ngoi l U=120 V v csut mch ngoi 360 W.
1) Tnh in tr mi bng n (cc n sng bnh thng)
2) Tnh m,n
3) Tnh cng sut v hiu sut ca ca b ngun trong trng hp ny
HD: 1) P
1
=P/6=60 W; R
1
=U
2
/P
1
=240
2) Ta c I=6I
1
=3 A; R=R
1
/6=40 ; e
b
=12m; r
b
= 2m/n vi m.n=36. Dng L m n=3;m=12;
3) Cng sut ca ngun P=e
b
.I=432 W; H=U/e
b
= 83,3 %
4. Cho mch in nh hnh v. B ngun c S e
b
=42,5V; TT r
b
=1;R
1
=10;R
2
=15. Bit
in tr ca cc am pe k v dy ni khng ng k
1) Bit b ngun gm cc pin ging nhau mc theo kiu hn hp i xng,mi pin c S e=1,7V
v in tr trong l r=0,2. Hi b ngun ny mc th no? ( 5 dy song song x 25 ci ni tip)
2) Bit ampek 1 ch 1,5A. Xc nh s ch A
2
v tr s ca R
HD: 2) Tnh U
MN
=I
1
R
1
I
2
=U
MN
/R
2
> I=I
1
+I
2

U=e
b
-I.r
b
U
R
=U-U
MN
R=10
R
5. Cho mch in sau:R
1
=4;R
2
=R
3
=6;U
AB
=33V
1) Mc vo C,D mt A c R
A
=0; lc ny R
4
=14. Tnh s
ch ampe k v chiu dng in qua A (0,5 A)
2) Thay A bng vn k c R
V
rt ln
a) Tm s ch vn k. Cc + vn k mc vo im no? (3,3 V)
b) iu chnh R
4
n khi vn k ch s khng. Tm R
4
(9)
3) Nu iu chnh cho R
4
=6
Tm in tr tng ng
ca on mch AB
HD: Dng phng php in th nt

A
1
A
2
e
b
,r
b
R
1
R
2
R
2
R
4
R
1
R
3
C

B
D

A

16
n tp Chng II. Dng in khng i
H v
tn:.lpTHPT:

Chng II. Dng in khng i
I. H THNG KIN THC TRONG CHNG
1. Dng in
- Dng in l dng dch chuyn c hng ca cc ht ti in, c chiu quy c l chiu chuyn
ng ca cc ht in tch dng. Tc dng c trng ca dng in l tc dng t. Ngoi ra
dng in cn c th c cc tc dng nhit, ho v mt s tc dng khc.
- Cng dng in l i lng c trng nh lng cho tc dng ca dng in. i vi
dng in khng i th
t
q
I =
2. Ngun in
Ngun in l thit b to ra v duy tr hiu in th nhm duy tr dng in. Sut in ng
ca ngun in c xc nh bng thng s gia cng ca lc l lm dch chuyn i tch
dng q bn trong ngun in v ln ca in tch q .
E =
q
A

My thu in chuyn ho mt phn in nng tiu th thnh cc dng nng lng khc c ch,
ngoi nhit. Khi ngun in ang np in, n l my thu in vi sut phn in c tr s bng
sut in ng ca ngun in.
3. nh lut m
- nh lut m vi mt in tr thun:
R
U
I
AB
= hay U
AB
= V
A
V
B
= IR
Tch ir gi l gim in th trn in tr R. c trng vn ampe ca in tr thun c th
l on thng qua gc to .
- nh lut m cho ton mch
E = I(R + r) hay
r R
I
+
=
E

- nh lut m cho on mch cha ngun in:
U
AB
= V
A
V
B
= E - Ir, hay
r
I
AB
U +
=
E

(dng in chy t A n B, qua ngun t cc m sang cc dng)
- nh lut m cho on mch cha my thu
U
AB
= V
A
V
B
= Ir + E
p
, hay
' r
U
I
p AB
E -
=
(dng in chy t A n B, qua my thu t cc dng sang cc m)
4. Mc ngun in thnh b
- Mc ni tip:
E
b
= E
1
+ E
2
+ ...+ E
n
r
b
= r
1
+ r
2
+ ... + r
n
Trong trng hp mc xung i: Nu E
1
> E
2
th
E
b
= E
1
- E
2

r
b
= r
1
+ r
2

v dng in i ra t cc dng ca E
1.
- Mc song song: (n ngun ging nhau)
E
b
= E

v r
b
=
n
r

4. in nng v cng sut in. nh lut Jun Lenx
- Cng v cng sut ca dng in on mch (in nng v cng sut in on mch)
A = UIt; P = UI
- nh lut Jun Lenx:
Q = RI
2
t
- Cng v cng sut ca ngun in:
A = EIt; P = EI
- Cng sut ca dng c tiu th in:
Vi dng c to nhit: P = UI = RI
2
=
R
U
2

Vi my thu in: P = EI + rI
2

(P
/
= EI l phn cng sut m my thu in chuyn ho thnh dng nng lng c ch, khng
phi l nhit)
- n v cng (in nng) v nhit lng l jun (J), n v ca cng sut l ot (W).

II. CU HI V BI TP
Dng in khng i. Ngun in
2.1 Pht biu no sau y l khng ng?
A. Dng in l dng cc in tch dch chuyn c hng.
B. Cng dng in l i lng c trng cho tc dng mnh, yu ca dng in v c
o bng in lng chuyn qua tit din thng ca vt dn trong mt n v thi gian.
C. Chiu ca dng in c quy c l chiu chuyn dch ca cc in tch dng.
D. Chiu ca dng in c quy c l chiu chuyn dch ca cc in tch m.
A. Dng in c tc dng t. V d: nam chm in.
B. Dng in c tc dng nhit. V d: bn l in.
C. Dng in c tc dng ho hc. V d: acquy nng ln khi np in.
D. Dng in c tc dng sinh l. V d: hin tng in git.
2.3 Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Ngun in l thit b to ra v duy tr hiu in th nhm duy tr dng in trong mch.
Trong ngun in di tc dng ca lc l cc in tch dng dch chuyn t cc dng
sang cc m.
B. Sut in ng ca ngun in l i lng c trng cho kh nng sinh cng ca ngun
in v c o bng thng s gia cng ca lc l thc hin khi lm dch chuyn mt in
tch dng q bn trong ngun in t cc m n cc dng v ln ca in tch q .
C. Sut in ng ca ngun in l i lng c trng cho kh nng sinh cng ca ngun
tch m q bn trong ngun in t cc m n cc dng v ln ca in tch q .
D. Sut in ng ca ngun in l i lng c trng cho kh nng sinh cng ca ngun
tch dng q bn trong ngun in t cc dng n cc m v ln ca in tch q .
2.4 in tch ca lectron l - 1,6.10
-19
(C), in lng chuyn qua tit din thng ca dy dn
trong 30 (s) l 15 (C). S lectron chuyn qua tit din thng ca dy dn trong thi gian mt
giy l
A. 3,125.10
18
. B. 9,375.10
19
. C. 7,895.10
19
. D. 2,632.10
18
.
2.5 th m t nh lut m l:

2.6 Sut in ng ca ngun in c trng cho
A. kh nng tch in cho hai cc ca n.
B. kh nng d tr in tch ca ngun in.
C. kh nng thc hin cng ca ngun in.
D. kh nng tc dng lc ca ngun in.
2.7 on mch gm in tr R
1
= 100 () mc ni tip vi in tr R
2
= 300 (), in tr ton
mch l:
A. R
TM
= 200 (). B. R
TM
= 300 (). C. R
TM
= 400 (). D. R
TM
= 500 ().
2.8 Cho on mch gm in tr R
1
= 100 (), mc ni tip vi in tr R
2
= 200 (), hiu in
th gia hai u on mch l 12 (V). Hiu in th gia hai u in tr R
1
l
A. U
1
= 1 (V). B. U
1
= 4 (V). C. U
1
= 6 (V). D. U
1
= 8 (V).
1
= 100 () mc song song vi in tr R
2
= 300 (), in tr
ton mch l:
A. R
TM
= 75 (). B. R
TM
= 100 (). C. R
TM
= 150 (). D. R
TM
= 400 ().
1
2
= 200 (). t vo
hai u on mch mt hiu in th U khi hiu in th gia hai u in tr R
1
l 6 (V).
Hiu in th gia hai u on mch l:
A. U = 12 (V). B. U = 6 (V). C. U = 18 (V). D. U = 24 (V).
Pin v cquy
A. Trong ngun in ho hc (pin, cquy), c s chuyn ho t ni nng thnh in nng.
B. Trong ngun in ho hc (pin, cquy), c s chuyn ho t c nng thnh in nng.
C. Trong ngun in ho hc (pin, cquy), c s chuyn ho t ho nng thnh in nng.
D. Trong ngun in ho hc (pin, cquy), c s chuyn ho t quang nng thnh in nng.
A. Ngun in ho hc c cu to gm hai in cc nhng vo dung dch in phn, trong
mt in cc l vt dn in, in cc cn li l vt cch in.
I

o U

A
I

o U

B
I

o U

C
I

o U

D
B. Ngun in ho hc c cu to gm hai in cc nhng vo dung dch in phn, trong
hai in cc u l vt cch in.
C. Ngun in ho hc c cu to gm hai in cc nhng vo dung dch in phn, trong
hai in cc u l hai vt dn in cng cht.
D. Ngun in ho hc c cu to gm hai in cc nhng vo dung dch in phn, trong
hai in cc u l hai vt dn in khc cht.
2.13 Trong ngun in lc l c tc dng
A. lm dch chuyn cc in tch dng t cc dng ca ngun in sang cc m ca ngun
in.
B. lm dch chuyn cc in tch dng t cc m ca ngun in sang cc dng ca ngun
in.
C. lm dch chuyn cc in tch dng theo chiu in trng trong ngun in.
D. lm dch chuyn cc in tch m ngc chiu in trng trong ngun in.
A. Khi pin phng in, trong pin c qu trnh bin i ha nng thnh in nng.
B. Khi acquy phng in, trong acquy c s bin i ho nng thnh in nng.
C. Khi np in cho acquy, trong acquy ch c s bin i in nng thnh ho nng.
D. Khi np in cho acquy, trong acquy c s bin i in nng thnh ho nng v nhit
nng.
in nng v cng sut in. nh lut Jun Lenx
A. Cng ca dng in chy qua mt on mch l cng ca lc in trng lm di chuyn
cc in tch t do trong on mch v bng tch ca hiu in th gia hai u on mch vi
cng dng in v thi gian dng in chy qua on mch .
B. Cng sut ca dng in chy qua on mch bng tch ca hiu in th gia hai u on
mch v cng dng in chy qua on mch .
C. Nhit lng to ra trn mt vt dn t l thun vi in tr ca vt, vi cng dng in
v vi thi gian dng in chy qua vt.
D. Cng sut to nhit vt dn khi c dng in chy qua c trng cho tc to nhit ca
vt dn v c xc nh bng nhit lng to ra vt n trong mt n v thi gian.
2.16 Nhit lng to ra trn vt dn khi c dng in chy qua
A. t l thun vi cng dng in chy qua vt dn.
B. t l thun vi bnh phng cng dng in chy qua vt dn.
C. t l nghch vi cng dng in chy qua vt dn.
D. t l nghch vi bnh phng cng dng in chy qua vt dn.
A. Nhit lng to ra trn vt dn t l thun vi in tr ca vt.
B. Nhit lng to ra trn vt dn t l thun vi thi gian dng in chy qua vt.
C. Nhit lng to ra trn vt dn t l vi bnh phng cng dng in cy qua vt.
D. Nhit lng to ra trn vt dn t l nghch vi hiu in th gia hai u vt dn.
2.18 Sut phn in ca my thu c trng cho s
A. chuyn ho in nng thnh nhit nng ca my thu.
B. chuyn ho nhit nng thnh in nng ca my thu.
C. chuyn ho c nng thnh in nng ca my thu.
D. chuyn ho in nng thnh dng nng lng khc, khng phi l nhit ca my thu.
A. Sut phn in ca my thu in c xc nh bng in nng m dng c chuyn ho
thnh dng nng lng khc, khng phi l nhit nng, khi c mt n v in tch dng
chuyn qua my.
C. Nhit lng to ra trn mt vt dn t l thun vi in tr ca vt, vi bnh phng cng
dng in v vi thi gian dng in chy qua vt.
D. Sut phn in ca my thu in c xc nh bng in nng m dng c chuyn ho
thnh dng nng lng khc, khng phi l c nng, khi c mt n v in tch dng
chuyn qua my.
2.20 Dng mt dy dn mc bng n vo mng in. Dy tc bng n nng sng, dy dn hu
nh khng sng ln v:
A. Cng dng in chy qua dy tc bng n ln hn nhiu cng dng in chy
qua dy dn.
B. Cng dng in chy qua dy tc bng n nh hn nhiu cng dng in chy
qua dy dn.
C. in tr ca dy tc bng n ln hn nhiu so vi in tr ca dy dn.
D. in tr ca dy tc bng n nh hn nhiu so vi in tr ca dy dn.
2.21 Cng ca ngun in c xc nh theo cng thc:
A. A = EIt. B. A = UIt. C. A = EI. D. A = UI.
2.22 Cng ca dng in c n v l:
A. J/s B. kWh C. W D. kVA
2.23 Cng sut ca ngun in c xc nh theo cng thc:
A. P = EIt. B. P = UIt. C. P = EI. D. P = UI.
2.24 Hai bng n 1( 220V 25W), 2 (220V 100W) khi sng bnh thng th
A. cng dng in qua bng n 1 ln gp hai ln cng dng in qua bng n
2.
B. cng dng in qua bng n 2 ln gp bn ln cng dng in qua bng n
1.
C. cng dng in qua bng n 1 bng cng dng in qua bng n 2.
D. in tr ca bng n 2 ln gp bn ln in tr ca bng n 1.
2.25 Hai bng n c cng sut nh mc bng nhau, hiu in th nh mc ca chng ln lt
l U
1
= 110 (V) v U
2
= 220 (V). T s in tr ca chng l:
A.
2
1
R
R
2
1
= B.
1
2
R
R
2
1
= C.
4
1
R
R
2
1
= D.
1
4
R
R
2
1
=
2.26 bng n loi 120V 60W sng bnh thng mng in c hiu in th l 220V,
ngi ta phi mc ni tip vi bng n mt in tr c gi tr
A. R = 100 (). B. R = 150 (). C. R = 200 (). D. R = 250 ().

nh lut m cho ton mch
2.27 i vi mch in kn gm ngun in vi mch ngoi l in tr th hiu in th mch
ngoi
A.t l thun vi cng dng in chy trong mch.
B. tng khi cng dng in trong mch tng.
C. gim khi cng dng in trong mch tng.
D. t l nghch vi cng dng in chy trong mch.
A. Cng dng in trong on mch ch cha in tr R t l vi hiu in th U gia hai
u on mch v t l nghch vi in tr R.
B. Cng dng in trong mch kn t l thun vi sut in ng ca ngun in v t l
nghch vi in tr ton phn ca mch.
C. Cng sut ca dng in chy qua on mch bng tch ca hiu in th gia hai u on
D. Nhit lng to ra trn mt vt dn t l thun vi in tr ca vt, vi cng dng in
2.29 Biu thc nh lut m cho ton mch trong trng hp mch ngoi cha my thu l:
A.
R
U
I = B.
r R
I
+
=
E
C.
' r r R
I
P
+ +
=
E - E
D.
AB
AB
R
U
I
E +
=
2.30 Mt ngun in c in tr trong 0,1 () c mc vi in tr 4,8 () thnh mch kn.
Khi hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun in l 12 (V). Cng dng in trong mch l
A. I = 120 (A). B. I = 12 (A). C. I = 2,5 (A). D. I = 25 (A).
Khi hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun in l 12 (V). Sut in ng ca ngun in l:
A. E = 12,00 (V). B. E = 12,25 (V). C. E = 14,50 (V). D. E = 11,75 (V).
2.32 Ngi ta mc hai cc ca ngun in vi mt bin tr c th thay i t 0 n v cc. Khi
gi tr ca bin tr rt ln th hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun in l 4,5 (V). Gim gi tr
ca bin tr n khi cng dng in trong mch l 2 (A) th hiu in th gia hai cc ca
ngun in l 4 (V). Sut in ng v in tr trong ca ngun in l:
A. E = 4,5 (V); r = 4,5 (). B. E = 4,5 (V); r = 2,5 ().
C. E = 4,5 (V); r = 0,25 ().D. E = 9 (V); r = 4,5 ().
2.33 Mt ngun in c sut in ng E = 6 (V), in tr trong r = 2 (), mch ngoi c in
tr R. cng sut tiu th mch ngoi l 4 (W) th in tr R phi c gi tr
A. R = 1 (). B. R = 2 (). C. R = 3 (). D. R = 6
().
2.34 Dng mt ngun in thp sng ln lt hai bng n c in tr R
1
= 2 () v R
2
= 8
(), khi cng sut tiu th ca hai bng n l nh nhau. in tr trong ca ngun in l:
A. r = 2 (). B. r = 3 (). C. r = 4 (). D. r = 6 ().
A. R = 3 (). B. R = 4 (). C. R = 5 (). D. R = 6 ().
tr R. cng sut tiu th mch ngoi t gi tr ln nht th in tr R phi c gi tr
A. R = 1 (). B. R = 2 (). C. R = 3 (). D. R = 4 ().
2.37 Bit rng khi in tr mch ngoi ca mt ngun in tng t R
1
= 3 () n R
2
= 10,5 ()
th hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun tng gp hai ln. in tr trong ca ngun in l:
A. r = 7,5 (). B. r = 6,75 (). C. r = 10,5 (). D. r = 7 ().
2.38 Cho mt mch in kn gm ngun in c sut in ng E = 12 (V), in tr trong r = 2,5
(), mch ngoi gm in tr R
1
= 0,5 () mc ni tip vi mt in tr R. cng sut tiu
th mch ngoi ln nht th in tr R phi c gi tr
A. R = 1 (). B. R = 2 (). C. R = 3 (). D. R = 4 ().
2.39* Cho mt mch in kn gm ngun in c sut in ng E = 12 (V), in tr trong r =
2,5 (), mch ngoi gm in tr R
1
= 0,5 () mc ni tip vi mt in tr R. cng sut
tiu th trn in tr R t gi tr ln nht th in tr R phi c gi tr
A. R = 1 (). B. R = 2 (). C. R = 3 (). D. R = 4 ().

nh lut m cho cc loi on mch in. Mc ngun thnh b
2.40 Mt mch in kn gm hai ngun in E
1
, r
1
v E
2
, r
2
mc ni tip vi nhau, mch ngoi
ch c in tr R. Biu thc cng dng in trong mch l:
A.
2 1
2 1
r r R
I
+ +

=
E E
B.
2 1
2 1
r r R
I
+

=
E E
C.
2 1
2 1
r r R
I
+
+
=
E E
D.
2 1
2 1
r r R
I
+ +
+
=
E E

2.41 Mt mch in kn gm hai ngun in E, r
1
v E, r
2
mc song song vi nhau, mch ngoi
A.
2 1
r r R
2
I
+ +
=
E
B.
2 1
2 1
r r
r . r
R
I
+
+
=
E
C.
2 1
2 1
r r
r . r
R
2
I
+
+
=
E
D.
2 1
2 1
r . r
r r
R
I
+
+
=
E

2.42 Cho on mch nh hnh v (2.42) trong E
1
= 9 (V), r
1
= 1,2 (); E
2
= 3 (V), r
2
= 0,4
(); in tr R = 28,4 (). Hiu in th gia hai u on mch U
AB
= 6 (V). Cng dng
in trong mch c chiu v ln l:
A. chiu t A sang B, I = 0,4 (A).
B. chiu t B sang A, I = 0,4 (A).
C. chiu t A sang B, I = 0,6 (A).
D. chiu t B sang A, I = 0,6 (A).
2.43 Ngun in vi sut in ng E, in tr trong r, mc vi in tr ngoi R = r, cng
dng in trong mch l I. Nu thay ngun in bng 3 ngun in ging ht n mc ni tip
th cng dng in trong mch l:
A. I = 3I. B. I = 2I. C. I = 2,5I. D. I = 1,5I.
dng in trong mch l I. Nu thay ngung in bng 3 ngun in ging ht n mc song
song th cng dng in trong mch l:
A. I = 3I. B. I = 2I. C. I = 2,5I. D. I = 1,5I.
2.45 Cho b ngun gm 6 acquy ging nhau c mc thnh hai dy song song vi nhau, mi
dy gm 3 acquy mc ni tip vi nhau. Mi acquy c sut in ng E = 2 (V) v in tr trong
r = 1 (). Sut in ng v in tr trong ca b ngun ln lt l:
A. E
b
= 12 (V); r
b
= 6 (). B. E
b
= 6 (V); r
b
= 1,5 ().
C. E
b
= 6 (V); r
b
= 3 (). D. E
b
= 12 (V); r
b
= 3 ().
2.46* Cho mch in nh hnh v (2.46). Mi pin c sut in ng E
= 1,5 (V), in tr trong r = 1 (). in tr mch ngoi R = 3,5 ().
Cng dng in mch ngoi l:
A. I = 0,9 (A) . B. I = 1,0 (A). C. I = 1,2 (A). D. I = 1,4 (A).

Bi tp v nh lut m v cng sut in

E
1
, r
1
E
2
, r
2
R
A B

Hnh 2.42
R

Hnh 2.46
2.47 Cho mt on mch gm hai in tr R
1
v R
2
mc song song v mc vo mt hiu in th
khng i. Nu gim tr s ca in tr R
2
th
A. st th trn R
2
gim. B. dng in qua R
1
khng thay i.
C. dng in qua R
1
tng ln. D. cng sut tiu th trn R
2
gim.
2.48 Cho mt mch in kn gm ngun in c sut in ng E = 12 (V), in tr trong r = 2
1
= 6 () mc song song vi mt in tr R. cng sut tiu
A. R = 1 (). B. R = 2 (). C. R = 3 (). D. R = 4 ().
2.49 Khi hai in tr ging nhau mc ni tip vo mt hiu in th U khng i th cng sut
tiu th ca chng l 20 (W). Nu mc chng song song ri mc vo hiu in th ni trn th
cng sut tiu th ca chng l:
A. 5 (W). B. 10 (W). C. 40 (W). D. 80 (W).
2.50 Khi hai in tr ging nhau mc song vo mt hiu in th U khng i th cng sut tiu
th ca chng l 20 (W). Nu mc chng ni tip ri mc vo hiu in th ni trn th cng sut
tiu th ca chng l:
A. 5 (W). B. 10 (W). C. 40 (W). D. 80 (W).
2.51 Mt m in c hai dy dn R
1
v R
2
un nc. Nu dng dy R
1
th nc trong m s
si sau thi gian t
1
= 10 (pht). Cn nu dng dy R
2
th nc s si sau thi gian t
2
= 40 (pht).
Nu dng c hai dy mc song song th nc s si sau thi gian l:
A. t = 4 (pht). B. t = 8 (pht). C. t = 25 (pht). D. t = 30
(pht).
1
v R
2
un nc. Nu dng dy R
1
th nc trong m s
si sau thi gian t
1
2
2
= 40 (pht).
Nu dng c hai dy mc ni tip th nc s si sau thi gian l:
A. t = 8 (pht). B. t = 25 (pht). C. t = 30 (pht). D. t = 50 (pht).
2.53** Cho mt mch in kn gm ngun in c sut in ng E = 12 (V), in tr trong r =
3 (), mch ngoi gm in tr R
1
th trn in tr R t gi tr ln nht th in tr R phi c gi tr
A. R = 1 (). B. R = 2 (). C. R = 3 (). D. R = 4 ().

Thc hnh: o sut in ng v in tr trong ca ngun in
ngoi
A. gim khi cng dng in trong mch tng.
B.t l thun vi cng dng in chy trong mch.
C. tng khi cng dng in trong mch tng.
2.55 Biu thc no sau y l khng ng?
A.
r R
I
+
=
E
B.
R
U
I = C. E = U Ir D. E = U + Ir
2.56 o sut in ng ca ngun in ngi ta c th dng cch no sau y?
A. Mc ngun in vi mt in tr bit tr s v mt ampek to thnh mt mch kn. Da
vo s ch ca ampe k cho ta bit sut in ng ca ngun in.
B. Mc ngun in vi mt in tr bit tr s to thnh mt mch kn, mc thm vn k
vo hai cc ca ngun in. Da vo s ch ca vn k cho ta bit sut in ng ca ngun
in.
C. Mc ngun in vi mt in tr c tr s rt ln v mt vn k to thnh mt mch kn.
Da vo s ch ca vn k cho ta bit sut in ng ca ngun in.
D. Mc ngun in vi mt vn k c in tr rt ln to thnh mt mch kn. Da vo s ch
ca vn k cho ta bit sut in ng ca ngun in.
A. E = 4,5 (V); r = 4,5 (). B. E = 4,5 (V); r = 2,5 ().
C. E = 4,5 (V); r = 0,25 (). D. E = 9 (V); r = 4,5 ().
2.58 o sut in ng v in tr trong ca ngun in ngi ta c th dng cch no sau y?
A. Mc ngun in vi mt in tr bit tr s v mt ampek to thnh mt mch kn. Sau
mc thm mt vn k gia hai cc ca ngun in. Da vo s ch ca ampe k v vn k
cho ta bit sut in ng v in tr trong ca ngun in.
vo hai cc ca ngun in. Da vo s ch ca vn k cho ta bit sut in ng v in tr
trong ca ngun in.
C. Mc ngun in vi mt in tr bit tr s v mt vn k to thnh mt mch kn. Sau
mc vn k vo hai cc ca ngun in. Thay in tr ni trn bng mt in tr khc tr
s. Da vo s ch ca ampe k v vn k trong hai trng hp cho ta bit sut in ng v
in tr trong ca ngun in.
ca vn k cho ta bit sut in ng v in tr trong ca ngun in.

III. HNG DN GII V TR LI

2.1 Chn: D
Hng dn: Chiu ca dng in c quy c l chiu chuyn dch ca cc in tch dng.
2.2 Chn: C
Hng dn: Acquy nng ln khi np in l tc dng nhit ca dng in ch khng phi
l tc dng ho hc.
2.3 Chn: B
Hng dn: Theo nh ngha v sut in ng ca ngun in: Sut in ng ca ngun
in l i lng c trng cho kh nng sinh cng ca ngun in v c o bng thng
s gia cng ca lc l thc hin khi lm dch chuyn mt in tch dng q bn trong ngun
in t cc m n cc dng v ln ca in tch q .
2.4 Chn: A
Hng dn: S lectron chuyn qua tit din thng ca dy dn trong thi gian mt giy l N
=
t . e
q
= 3,125.10
18
.
2.5 Chn: A
Hng dn: Biu thc nh lut m I = U/R ng c trng V A l mt ng thng i
qua gc to .
2.6 Chn: C
Hng dn:Sut in ng ca ngun in c trng cho kh nng thc hin cng ca ngun
in.
2.7 Chn: C
Hng dn: in tr ca on mch mc ni tip l R = R
1
+ R
2
+.....+ R
n
.
2.8 Chn: B
Hng dn:
- in tr ton mch l: R = R
1
+ R
2
= 300 ().
- Cng dng in trong mch l: I = U/R = 0,04 (A).
- Hiu in th gia hai u in tr R
1
l U
1
= I.R
1
= 4 (V).
2.9 Chn: A
Hng dn:
in tr on mch mc song song c tnh theo cng thc: R
-1
= R
1
-1
+ R
2
-1
suy ra R
= 75 ().
2.10 Chn: C
Hng dn:
- in tr ton mch l: R = R
1
+ R
2
= 300 ().
- Cng dng in trong mch l: I = U
1
/R
1
= 0,06 (A).
- Hiu in th gia hai u on mch l U = I.R = 18 (V).

11. Pin v cquy
2.11 Chn: C
Hng dn: Trong ngun in ho hc (pin, cquy), c s chuyn ho t ho nng thnh in
nng.
2.12 Chn: D
Hng dn: Ngun in ho hc c cu to gm hai in cc nhng vo dung dch in phn,
trong hai in cc u l hai vt dn in khc cht.
2.13 Chn: B
Hng dn: Trong ngun in lc l c tc dng lm dch chuyn cc in tch dng t cc
m ca ngun in sang cc dng ca ngun in.
2.14 Chn: C
Hng dn: Khi np in cho acquy, trong acquy c s bin i in nng thnh ho nng v
in nng thnh nhit nng.

2.15 Chn: C
Hng dn: Nhit lng to ra trn mt vt dn t l thun vi in tr ca vt, vi bnh
phng cng dng in v vi thi gian dng in chy qua vt.
2.16 Chn: B
Hng dn: Nhit lng to ra trn vt dn khi c dng in chy qua t l thun vi bnh
phng cng dng in chy qua vt dn.
2.17 Chn: D
Biu thc nh lut Jun Lenx c th vit Q = R.I
2
.t = t
R
U
2
nh vy pht biu Nhit lng
to ra trn vt dn t l nghch vi hiu in th gia hai u vt dn l khng ng.
2.18 Chn: D
Hng dn: Sut phn in ca my thu c trng cho s chuyn ho in nng thnh dng
nng lng khc, khng phi l nhit ca my thu.
2.19 Chn: D
Hng dn: Sut phn in ca my thu in c xc nh bng in nng m dng c
chuyn ho thnh dng nng lng khc, khng phi l nhit nng, khi c mt n v in tch
dng chuyn qua my.
2.20 Chn: C
Hng dn: Dng mt dy dn mc bng n vo mng in. Dy tc bng n nng sng,
dy dn hu nh khng sng ln v in tr ca dy tc bng n ln hn nhiu so vi in
tr ca dy dn.
2.21 Chn: A
Hng dn: Cng ca ngun in c xc nh theo cng thc A = EIt.
2.22 Chn: B
Hng dn: 1kWh = 3,6.10
6
(J)
2.23 Chn: C
Hng dn: Cng sut ca ngun in c xc nh theo cng thc P = EI.
2.24 Chn: B
Hng dn: Hai bng n 1( 220V 25W), 2 (220V 100W) khi sng bnh thng th
hiu in th t vo hai u bng n l U = 220 (V), cng sut ca mi bng n ln lt l
P
1
= 25 (W) v P
2
= 100 (W) = 4P
1
. Cng dng in qua bng n c tnh theo cng
thc I = P/U suy ra cng dng in qua bng n 2 ln gp bn ln cng dng in
qua bng n 1.
2.25 Chn: C
Hng dn: in tr ca bng n c tnh theo cng thc R =
P
U
2
. Vi bng n 1 tao c
R
1
=
P
U
2
1
. Vi bng n 2 tao c R
2
=
P
U
2
2
. Suy ra
4
1
U
U
R
R
2
2
2
1
2
1
= =
2.26 Chn: C
Hng dn:
- Bng n loi 120V 60W sng bnh thng th hiu in th gia hai u bng n l 120
(V), cng dng in qua bng n l I = P/U = 0,5 (A).
- bng n sng bnh thng mng in c hiu in th l 220V, ngi ta phi mc ni
tip vi bng n mt in tr sao cho hiu in th gia hai u in tr l U
R
= 220 120 =
100 (V). in tr ca bng n l R = U
R
/I = 200 ().

13. nh lut m cho ton mch
2.27 Chn: C
Hng dn: Biu thc nh lut m cho ton mch l
r R
I
+
=
E
hay E = IR + Ir = U + Ir ta suy
ra U = E Ir vi E, r l cc hng s suy ra khi I tng th U gim.
2.28 Chn: D
2.29 Chn: C
Hng dn: Biu thc nh lut m cho ton mch trong trng hp mch ngoi cha my
thu l
' r r R
I
P
+ +
=
E - E
.
2.30 Chn: C
Hng dn: Cng dng in trong mch l I = ) A ( 5 , 2
8 , 4
12
R
U
= = .
2.31 Chn: B
Hng dn:
- Cng dng in trong mch l I = ) A ( 5 , 2
8 , 4
12
R
U
= = .
- Sut in ng ca ngun in l E = IR + Ir = U + Ir = 12 + 2,5.0,1 = 12,25 (V).
2.32 Chn: C
Hng dn:
- Khi gi tr ca bin tr rt ln th hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun in l 4,5 (V). Suy
ra sut in ng ca ngun in l E = 4,5 (V).
- p dng cng thc E = U + Ir vi I = 2 (A) v U = 4 (V) ta tnh c in tr trong ca
ngun in l r = 0,25 ().
2.33 Chn: A
Hng dn: Cng sut tiu th mch ngoi l P = R.I
2
, cng dng in trong mch l
r R
I
+
=
E
suy ra P = R.
2
r R
|
\
|
+
E
vi E = 6 (V), r = 2 (), P = 4 (W) ta tnh c R = 1 ().
2.34 Chn: C
Hng dn: p dng cng thc P = R.
2
r R
|
\
|
+
E
( xem cu 2.33), khi R = R
1
ta c P
1
=
R
1
.
2
1
r R
|
|
\
|
+
E
, khi R = R
2
ta c P
2
= R
2
.
2
2
r R
|
|
\
|
+
E
, theo bi ra P
1
= P
2
ta tnh c r = 4 ().
2.35 Chn: B
2
r R
|
\
|
+
E
( xem cu 2.33), vi E = 6 (V), r = 2 () v P =
4 (W) ta tnh c R = 4 ().
2.36 Chn: B
2
r R
|
\
|
+
E
( xem cu 2.33), ta c P = E
2
.
2
) r R (
R
+
=
E
2
.
+ + r 2
R
r
R
1
2
E
2
.
r 4
1
suy ra P
max
= E
2
.
r 4
1
xy ra khi R = r = 2 ().
2.37 Chn: D
Hng dn:
- Khi R = R
1
= 3 () th cng dng in trong mch l I
1
v hiu in th gia hai u
in tr l U
1
, khi R = R
2
= 10,5 () th cng dng in trong mch l I
2
v hiu in th
gia hai u in tr l U
2
. Theo bi ra ta c U
2
= 2U
1
suy ra I
1
= 1,75.I
2
.
- p dng cng thc E = I(R + r), khi R = R
1
= 3 () ta c E = I
1
(R
1
+ r), khi R = R
2
= 10,5
() ta c E = I
2
(R
2
+ r) suy ra I
1
(R
1
+ r) = I
2
(R
2
+ r).
- Gii h phng trnh:
+ = +
=
r). (10,5 I r) (3 I
1,75.I I
2 1
2 1
ta c r = 7 ().
2.38 Chn: B
Hng dn:
- in tr mch ngoi l R
TM
= R
1
+ R
- Xem hng dn cu 2.36: Khi cng sut tiu th mch ngoi ln nht th R
TM
= r = 2,5 ().
2.39 Chn: C
Hng dn:
- on mch gm ngun in c sut in ng E = 12 (V), in tr trong r = 2,5 (), ni tip
vi in tr R
1
= 0,5 () c th coi tng ng vi mt ngun in c E = 12 (V), in tr
trong r = r + R
1
= 3 ().
- Xem hng dn cu 2.36.

14. nh lut m cho cc loi on mch in. Mc ngun thnh b
2.40 Chn: D
Hng dn: Mt mch in kn gm hai ngun in E
1
, r
1
v E
2
, r
2
mc ni tip vi nhau,
mch ngoi ch c in tr R.
- Hai ngun in mc ni tip nn sut in ng E = E
1
+ E
2
, in tr trong r = r
1
+ r
2
.
- Biu thc cng dng in trong mch l
2 1
2 1
r r R
I
+ +
+
=
E E

2.41 Chn: B
Hng dn: Mt mch in kn gm hai ngun in E, r
1
v E, r
2
mc song song vi nhau,
mch ngoi ch c in tr R.
- Hai ngun in mc ni tip nn sut in ng E = E
1
= E
2
, in tr trong r = r
1
.r
2
/(r
1
+ r
2)
.
- Biu thc cng dng in trong mch l
2 1
2 1
r r
r . r
R
I
+
+
=
E

2.42 Chn: A
Hng dn: Gi s dng in i t A sang B nh hnh v 2.42
khi E
1
l ngun in, E
2
l my thu p dng nh lut m
cho on mch cha my thu:
2 1
AB
r r R
U
I
+ +
+
=
2 1
E E
= 0,4 (A) > 0,
chiu dng in i theo chiu gi s (chiu t A sang B).
2.43 Chn: D
Hng dn:
- Cng dng in trong mch khi mch ch c mt ngun
R 2 r R
I
E E
=
+
= (v R =r)

E
1
, r
1
E
2
, r
2
R
A B

Hnh 2.42
- Thay ngun in trn bng 3 ngun in ging nhau mc ni tip th sut in ng l 3.E,
in tr trong 3.r . Biu thc cng dng in trong mch l
R 4
3
r 3 R
3
' I
E E
=
+
= nh vy I=
1,5.I.
2.44 Chn: D
Hng dn:
- Cng dng in trong mch khi mch ch c mt ngun
R 2 r R
I
E E
=
+
= (v R =r)
- Thay ngun in trn bng 3 ngun in ging nhau mc song song th sut in ng l E,
in tr trong r/3 . Biu thc cng dng in trong mch l
R 4
3
3 / r R
' I
E E
=
+
= nh vy I=
1,5.I.
2.45 Chn: B
Hng dn: Cho b ngun gm 6 acquy ging nhau c mc thnh hai dy song song vi
nhau, mi dy gm 3 acquy mc ni tip vi nhau. Mi acquy c sut in ng E = 2 (V) v
in tr trong r = 1 ().
- Mi dy gm 3 acquy mc ni tip vi nhau nn sut in ng v in tr trong ca mi
dy l E
d
= 3E = 6 (V) v r
d
= 3r = 3 ().
- Hai dy ging nhau mc song song vi nhau nn sut in ng v in tr trong ca b
ngun ln lt l E
b
= E
d
= 6 (V); r
b
= r
d
/2 = 1,5 ().

2.46* Chn: B
Hng dn:
- Ngun in gm 7 pin mc nh hnh 2.46, y l b ngun
gm 3 pin ghp ni tip ri li ghp ni tip vi mt b khc
gm hai dy mc song song, mi dy gm hai pin mc ni tip.
p dng cng thc mc ngun thnh b trong trng hp mc
ni tip v mc song song, ta tnh c sut in ng v in
tr trong ca b ngun l: E = 7,5 (V), r = 4 ().
- p dng cng thc nh lut m cho ton mch
) A ( 1
r R
I =
+
=
E

15. Bi tp v nh lut m v cng sut in
2.47 Chn: B
Hng dn: Cho mt on mch gm hai in tr R
1
v R
2
mc song song v mc vo mt
hiu in th khng i. Nu gim tr s ca in tr R
2
th hiu in th gia hai u in tr
R
1
khng i, gi tr ca in ttr R
1
khng i nn dng in qua R
1
khng thay i.
2.48 Chn: C
Hng dn:
- in tr mch ngoi l R
TM
=
R R
R . R
1
+

- Xem hng dn cu 2.36: Khi cng sut tiu th mch ngoi ln nht th R
TM
= r = 2 ().
2.49 Chn: D
Hng dn: Cng sut tiu th trn ton mch l P =
R
U
2
.
R

Hnh 2.46
- Khi hai in tr ging nhau mc ni tip th cng sut tiu th l P
1
=
R 2
U
2
= 20 (W)
- Khi hai in tr ging nhau song song th cng sut tiu th l P
2
=
2
R
U
2
=4
R 2
U
2
=80(W)
2.50 Chn: A
Hng dn: Xem hng dn cu 2.49
2.51 Chn: B
Hng dn: Mt m in c hai dy dn R
1
v R
2
un nc, trong c 3 trng hp nhit
lng m nc thu vo u nh nhau.
- Khi dng dy R
1
th nc trong m s si sau thi gian t
1
= 10 (pht). Nhit lng dy R
1
to
ra trong thi gian l Q = R
1
I
1
2
t
1
=
1
1
2
t
R
U

- Khi dng dy R
1
2
2
to
2
I
2
2
t
2
=
2
2
2
t
R
U

- Khi dng c hai dy mc song song th s si sau thi gian t. Nhit lng dy to ra trong
thi gian l Q = t
R
U
2
vi
2 1
R
1
R
1
R
1
+ = ta suy ra
2 1
t
1
t
1
t
1
+ = t = 8 (pht)
2.52 Chn: D
Hng dn: Mt m in c hai dy dn R
1
v R
2
un nc, trong c 3 trng hp nhit
lng m nc thu vo u nh nhau.
- Khi dng dy R
1
1
1
to
1
I
1
2
t
1
=
1
1
2
t
R
U

- Khi dng dy R
1
2
2
to
2
I
2
2
t
2
=
2
2
2
t
R
U

- Khi dng c hai dy mc ni tip th s si sau thi gian t. Nhit lng dy to ra trong thi
gian l Q = t
R
U
2
vi R = R
1
+ R
2
ta suy ra t = t
1
+ t
2
t = 50 (pht)
2.53 Chn: B
Hng dn:
- on mch gm ngun in c sut in ng E = 12 (V), in tr trong r = 3 (), mch
ngoi gm in tr R
1
= 6 () mc song song vi mt in tr R, khi mch in c th coi
tng ng vi mt ngun in c E = 12 (V), in tr trong r = r // R
1
= 2 (), mch ngoi
gm c R
- Xem hng dn cu 2.36. Cng sut tiu th trn R t gi tr max khi R = r = 2 ()

16. Thc hnh: o sut in ng v in tr trong ca ngun in
2.54 Chn: A
Hng dn: p dng nh lut m cho ton mch ta c U = E Ir vi E = hng s, khi I tng
th U gim.
2.55 Chn: C
Hng dn:
- Biu thc nh lut m cho ton mch:
r R
I
+
=
E
E = U + Ir
- Biu thc nh lut m cho on mch:
R
U
I =
2.56 Chn: D
Hng dn:
- Biu thc nh lut m cho ton mch:
r R
I
+
=
E
, khi R rt ln th I 0 khi E = U +
Ir U
- Mc ngun in vi mt vn k c in tr rt ln to thnh mt mch kn. Da vo s ch
2.57 Chn: C
Hng dn:
- Khi gi tr ca bin tr rt ln th hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun in l 4,5 (V). Suy
ra sut in ng ca ngun in l E = 4,5 (V).
- p dng cng thc E = U + Ir vi I = 2 (A) v U = 4 (V) ta tnh c in tr trong ca
ngun in l r = 0,25 ().
2.58 Chn: C
Hng dn: o c hiu in th v cng dng in trong hai trng hp ta c h
phng trnh:
+ =
+ =
r I U
r I U
2 2
1 1
E
E
gii h phng trnh ta c E v r.

H v
tn:.lpTHPT:

Chng II. Dng in khng i
I. H THNG KIN THC TRONG CHNG
1. Dng in
- Dng in l dng dch chuyn c hng ca cc ht ti in, c chiu quy c l chiu chuyn
ng ca cc ht in tch dng. Tc dng c trng ca dng in l tc dng t. Ngoi ra
dng in cn c th c cc tc dng nhit, ho v mt s tc dng khc.
- Cng dng in l i lng c trng nh lng cho tc dng ca dng in. i vi
dng in khng i th
t
q
I =
2. Ngun in
Ngun in l thit b to ra v duy tr hiu in th nhm duy tr dng in. Sut in ng
ca ngun in c xc nh bng thng s gia cng ca lc l lm dch chuyn i tch
dng q bn trong ngun in v ln ca in tch q .
E =
q
A

16
n tp Chng II. Dng in khng i
My thu in chuyn ho mt phn in nng tiu th thnh cc dng nng lng khc c ch,
ngoi nhit. Khi ngun in ang np in, n l my thu in vi sut phn in c tr s bng
sut in ng ca ngun in.
3. nh lut m
- nh lut m vi mt in tr thun:
R
U
I
AB
= hay U
AB
= V
A
V
B
= IR
Tch ir gi l gim in th trn in tr R. c trng vn ampe ca in tr thun c th
l on thng qua gc to .
- nh lut m cho ton mch
E = I(R + r) hay
r R
I
+
=
E

- nh lut m cho on mch cha ngun in:
U
AB
= V
A
V
B
= E - Ir, hay
r
I
AB
U +
=
E

(dng in chy t A n B, qua ngun t cc m sang cc dng)
- nh lut m cho on mch cha my thu
U
AB
= V
A
V
B
= Ir + E
p
, hay
' r
U
I
p AB
E -
=
(dng in chy t A n B, qua my thu t cc dng sang cc m)
4. Mc ngun in thnh b
- Mc ni tip:
E
b
= E
1
+ E
2
+ ...+ E
n
r
b
= r
1
+ r
2
+ ... + r
n
Trong trng hp mc xung i: Nu E
1
> E
2
th
E
b
= E
1
- E
2

r
b
= r
1
+ r
2

v dng in i ra t cc dng ca E
1.
- Mc song song: (n ngun ging nhau)
E
b
= E

v r
b
=
n
r

- Cng v cng sut ca dng in on mch (in nng v cng sut in on mch)
A = UIt; P = UI
- nh lut Jun Lenx:
Q = RI
2
t
- Cng v cng sut ca ngun in:
A = EIt; P = EI
- Cng sut ca dng c tiu th in:
Vi dng c to nhit: P = UI = RI
2
=
R
U
2

Vi my thu in: P = EI + rI
2

(P
/
= EI l phn cng sut m my thu in chuyn ho thnh dng nng lng c ch, khng
phi l nhit)
- n v cng (in nng) v nhit lng l jun (J), n v ca cng sut l ot (W).

II. CU HI V BI TP
A. Dng in l dng cc in tch dch chuyn c hng.
B. Cng dng in l i lng c trng cho tc dng mnh, yu ca dng in v c
o bng in lng chuyn qua tit din thng ca vt dn trong mt n v thi gian.
C. Chiu ca dng in c quy c l chiu chuyn dch ca cc in tch dng.
D. Chiu ca dng in c quy c l chiu chuyn dch ca cc in tch m.
A. Dng in c tc dng t. V d: nam chm in.
B. Dng in c tc dng nhit. V d: bn l in.
C. Dng in c tc dng ho hc. V d: acquy nng ln khi np in.
D. Dng in c tc dng sinh l. V d: hin tng in git.
A. Ngun in l thit b to ra v duy tr hiu in th nhm duy tr dng in trong mch.
Trong ngun in di tc dng ca lc l cc in tch dng dch chuyn t cc dng
sang cc m.
C. Sut in ng ca ngun in l i lng c trng cho kh nng sinh cng ca ngun
tch m q bn trong ngun in t cc m n cc dng v ln ca in tch q .
D. Sut in ng ca ngun in l i lng c trng cho kh nng sinh cng ca ngun
tch dng q bn trong ngun in t cc dng n cc m v ln ca in tch q .
2.4 in tch ca lectron l - 1,6.10
-19
(C), in lng chuyn qua tit din thng ca dy dn
trong 30 (s) l 15 (C). S lectron chuyn qua tit din thng ca dy dn trong thi gian mt
giy l
A. 3,125.10
18
. B. 9,375.10
19
. C. 7,895.10
19
. D. 2,632.10
18
.
2.5 th m t nh lut m l:

2.6 Sut in ng ca ngun in c trng cho
A. kh nng tch in cho hai cc ca n.
B. kh nng d tr in tch ca ngun in.
I

o U

A
I

o U

B
I

o U

C
I

o U

D
C. kh nng thc hin cng ca ngun in.
D. kh nng tc dng lc ca ngun in.
1
= 100 () mc ni tip vi in tr R
2
= 300 (), in tr ton
mch l:
A. R
TM
= 200 (). B. R
TM
= 300 (). C. R
TM
= 400 (). D. R
TM
= 500 ().
1
2
= 200 (), hiu in
th gia hai u on mch l 12 (V). Hiu in th gia hai u in tr R
1
l
A. U
1
= 1 (V). B. U
1
= 4 (V). C. U
1
= 6 (V). D. U
1
= 8 (V).
1
= 100 () mc song song vi in tr R
2
= 300 (), in tr
ton mch l:
A. R
TM
= 75 (). B. R
TM
= 100 (). C. R
TM
= 150 (). D. R
TM
= 400 ().
1
2
= 200 (). t vo
hai u on mch mt hiu in th U khi hiu in th gia hai u in tr R
1
l 6 (V).
Hiu in th gia hai u on mch l:
A. U = 12 (V). B. U = 6 (V). C. U = 18 (V). D. U = 24 (V).
Pin v cquy
A. Trong ngun in ho hc (pin, cquy), c s chuyn ho t ni nng thnh in nng.
B. Trong ngun in ho hc (pin, cquy), c s chuyn ho t c nng thnh in nng.
C. Trong ngun in ho hc (pin, cquy), c s chuyn ho t ho nng thnh in nng.
D. Trong ngun in ho hc (pin, cquy), c s chuyn ho t quang nng thnh in nng.
A. Ngun in ho hc c cu to gm hai in cc nhng vo dung dch in phn, trong
mt in cc l vt dn in, in cc cn li l vt cch in.
B. Ngun in ho hc c cu to gm hai in cc nhng vo dung dch in phn, trong
hai in cc u l vt cch in.
C. Ngun in ho hc c cu to gm hai in cc nhng vo dung dch in phn, trong
hai in cc u l hai vt dn in cng cht.
D. Ngun in ho hc c cu to gm hai in cc nhng vo dung dch in phn, trong
hai in cc u l hai vt dn in khc cht.
2.13 Trong ngun in lc l c tc dng
A. lm dch chuyn cc in tch dng t cc dng ca ngun in sang cc m ca ngun
in.
B. lm dch chuyn cc in tch dng t cc m ca ngun in sang cc dng ca ngun
in.
C. lm dch chuyn cc in tch dng theo chiu in trng trong ngun in.
D. lm dch chuyn cc in tch m ngc chiu in trng trong ngun in.
A. Khi pin phng in, trong pin c qu trnh bin i ha nng thnh in nng.
B. Khi acquy phng in, trong acquy c s bin i ho nng thnh in nng.
C. Khi np in cho acquy, trong acquy ch c s bin i in nng thnh ho nng.
D. Khi np in cho acquy, trong acquy c s bin i in nng thnh ho nng v nhit
nng.
in nng v cng sut in. nh lut Jun Lenx
A. Cng ca dng in chy qua mt on mch l cng ca lc in trng lm di chuyn
cc in tch t do trong on mch v bng tch ca hiu in th gia hai u on mch vi
cng dng in v thi gian dng in chy qua on mch .
B. Cng sut ca dng in chy qua on mch bng tch ca hiu in th gia hai u on
C. Nhit lng to ra trn mt vt dn t l thun vi in tr ca vt, vi cng dng in
D. Cng sut to nhit vt dn khi c dng in chy qua c trng cho tc to nhit ca
vt dn v c xc nh bng nhit lng to ra vt n trong mt n v thi gian.
2.16 Nhit lng to ra trn vt dn khi c dng in chy qua
A. t l thun vi cng dng in chy qua vt dn.
B. t l thun vi bnh phng cng dng in chy qua vt dn.
C. t l nghch vi cng dng in chy qua vt dn.
D. t l nghch vi bnh phng cng dng in chy qua vt dn.
A. Nhit lng to ra trn vt dn t l thun vi in tr ca vt.
B. Nhit lng to ra trn vt dn t l thun vi thi gian dng in chy qua vt.
C. Nhit lng to ra trn vt dn t l vi bnh phng cng dng in cy qua vt.
D. Nhit lng to ra trn vt dn t l nghch vi hiu in th gia hai u vt dn.
2.18 Sut phn in ca my thu c trng cho s
A. chuyn ho in nng thnh nhit nng ca my thu.
B. chuyn ho nhit nng thnh in nng ca my thu.
C. chuyn ho c nng thnh in nng ca my thu.
D. chuyn ho in nng thnh dng nng lng khc, khng phi l nhit ca my thu.
A. Sut phn in ca my thu in c xc nh bng in nng m dng c chuyn ho
thnh dng nng lng khc, khng phi l nhit nng, khi c mt n v in tch dng
chuyn qua my.
C. Nhit lng to ra trn mt vt dn t l thun vi in tr ca vt, vi bnh phng cng
dng in v vi thi gian dng in chy qua vt.
D. Sut phn in ca my thu in c xc nh bng in nng m dng c chuyn ho
thnh dng nng lng khc, khng phi l c nng, khi c mt n v in tch dng
chuyn qua my.
2.20 Dng mt dy dn mc bng n vo mng in. Dy tc bng n nng sng, dy dn hu
nh khng sng ln v:
A. Cng dng in chy qua dy tc bng n ln hn nhiu cng dng in chy
qua dy dn.
B. Cng dng in chy qua dy tc bng n nh hn nhiu cng dng in chy
qua dy dn.
C. in tr ca dy tc bng n ln hn nhiu so vi in tr ca dy dn.
D. in tr ca dy tc bng n nh hn nhiu so vi in tr ca dy dn.
2.21 Cng ca ngun in c xc nh theo cng thc:
A. A = EIt. B. A = UIt. C. A = EI. D. A = UI.
2.22 Cng ca dng in c n v l:
A. J/s B. kWh C. W D. kVA
2.23 Cng sut ca ngun in c xc nh theo cng thc:
A. P = EIt. B. P = UIt. C. P = EI. D. P = UI.
2.24 Hai bng n 1( 220V 25W), 2 (220V 100W) khi sng bnh thng th
A. cng dng in qua bng n 1 ln gp hai ln cng dng in qua bng n
2.
B. cng dng in qua bng n 2 ln gp bn ln cng dng in qua bng n
1.
C. cng dng in qua bng n 1 bng cng dng in qua bng n 2.
D. in tr ca bng n 2 ln gp bn ln in tr ca bng n 1.
2.25 Hai bng n c cng sut nh mc bng nhau, hiu in th nh mc ca chng ln lt
l U
1
= 110 (V) v U
2
= 220 (V). T s in tr ca chng l:
A.
2
1
R
R
2
1
= B.
1
2
R
R
2
1
= C.
4
1
R
R
2
1
= D.
1
4
R
R
2
1
=
2.26 bng n loi 120V 60W sng bnh thng mng in c hiu in th l 220V,
ngi ta phi mc ni tip vi bng n mt in tr c gi tr
A. R = 100 (). B. R = 150 (). C. R = 200 (). D. R = 250 ().

nh lut m cho ton mch
ngoi
A.t l thun vi cng dng in chy trong mch.
B. tng khi cng dng in trong mch tng.
C. gim khi cng dng in trong mch tng.
A. Cng dng in trong on mch ch cha in tr R t l vi hiu in th U gia hai
u on mch v t l nghch vi in tr R.
B. Cng dng in trong mch kn t l thun vi sut in ng ca ngun in v t l
nghch vi in tr ton phn ca mch.
C. Cng sut ca dng in chy qua on mch bng tch ca hiu in th gia hai u on
D. Nhit lng to ra trn mt vt dn t l thun vi in tr ca vt, vi cng dng in
2.29 Biu thc nh lut m cho ton mch trong trng hp mch ngoi cha my thu l:
A.
R
U
I = B.
r R
I
+
=
E
C.
' r r R
I
P
+ +
=
E - E
D.
AB
AB
R
U
I
E +
=
Khi hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun in l 12 (V). Cng dng in trong mch l
A. I = 120 (A). B. I = 12 (A). C. I = 2,5 (A). D. I = 25 (A).
Khi hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun in l 12 (V). Sut in ng ca ngun in l:
A. E = 12,00 (V). B. E = 12,25 (V). C. E = 14,50 (V). D. E = 11,75 (V).
A. E = 4,5 (V); r = 4,5 (). B. E = 4,5 (V); r = 2,5 ().
C. E = 4,5 (V); r = 0,25 ().D. E = 9 (V); r = 4,5 ().
A. R = 1 (). B. R = 2 (). C. R = 3 (). D. R = 6
().
2.34 Dng mt ngun in thp sng ln lt hai bng n c in tr R
1
= 2 () v R
2
= 8
(), khi cng sut tiu th ca hai bng n l nh nhau. in tr trong ca ngun in l:
A. r = 2 (). B. r = 3 (). C. r = 4 (). D. r = 6 ().
A. R = 3 (). B. R = 4 (). C. R = 5 (). D. R = 6 ().
tr R. cng sut tiu th mch ngoi t gi tr ln nht th in tr R phi c gi tr
A. R = 1 (). B. R = 2 (). C. R = 3 (). D. R = 4 ().
2.37 Bit rng khi in tr mch ngoi ca mt ngun in tng t R
1
= 3 () n R
2
= 10,5 ()
th hiu in th gia hai cc ca ngun tng gp hai ln. in tr trong ca ngun in l:
A. r = 7,5 (). B. r = 6,75 (). C. r = 10,5 (). D. r = 7 ().
2.38 Cho mt mch in kn gm ngun in c sut in ng E = 12 (V), in tr trong r = 2,5
1
= 0,5 () mc ni tip vi mt in tr R. cng sut tiu
A. R = 1 (). B. R = 2 (). C. R = 3 (). D. R = 4 ().
2.39* Cho mt mch in kn gm ngun in c sut in ng E = 12 (V), in tr trong r =
2,5 (), mch ngoi gm in tr R
1
= 0,5 () mc ni tip vi mt in tr R. cng sut
tiu th trn in tr R t gi tr ln nht th in tr R phi c gi tr
A. R = 1 (). B. R = 2 (). C. R = 3 (). D. R = 4 ().

nh lut m cho cc loi on mch in. Mc ngun thnh b
2.40 Mt mch in kn gm hai ngun in E
1
, r
1
v E
2
, r
2
mc ni tip vi nhau, mch ngoi
A.
2 1
2 1
r r R
I
+ +

=
E E
B.
2 1
2 1
r r R
I
+

=
E E
C.
2 1
2 1
r r R
I
+
+
=
E E
D.
2 1
2 1
r r R
I
+ +
+
=
E E

2.41 Mt mch in kn gm hai ngun in E, r
1
v E, r
2
mc song song vi nhau, mch ngoi
A.
2 1
r r R
2
I
+ +
=
E
B.
2 1
2 1
r r
r . r
R
I
+
+
=
E
C.
2 1
2 1
r r
r . r
R
2
I
+
+
=
E
D.
2 1
2 1
r . r
r r
R
I
+
+
=
E

2.42 Cho on mch nh hnh v (2.42) trong E
1
= 9 (V), r
1
= 1,2 (); E
2
= 3 (V), r
2
= 0,4
(); in tr R = 28,4 (). Hiu in th gia hai u on mch U
AB
= 6 (V). Cng dng
in trong mch c chiu v ln l:
A. chiu t A sang B, I = 0,4 (A).
B. chiu t B sang A, I = 0,4 (A).
C. chiu t A sang B, I = 0,6 (A).
D. chiu t B sang A, I = 0,6 (A).
dng in trong mch l I. Nu thay ngun in bng 3 ngun in ging ht n mc ni tip
th cng dng in trong mch l:
A. I = 3I. B. I = 2I. C. I = 2,5I. D. I = 1,5I.
dng in trong mch l I. Nu thay ngung in bng 3 ngun in ging ht n mc song
song th cng dng in trong mch l:
A. I = 3I. B. I = 2I. C. I = 2,5I. D. I = 1,5I.
2.45 Cho b ngun gm 6 acquy ging nhau c mc thnh hai dy song song vi nhau, mi
dy gm 3 acquy mc ni tip vi nhau. Mi acquy c sut in ng E = 2 (V) v in tr trong
r = 1 (). Sut in ng v in tr trong ca b ngun ln lt l:
A. E
b
= 12 (V); r
b
= 6 (). B. E
b
= 6 (V); r
b
= 1,5 ().
C. E
b
= 6 (V); r
b
= 3 (). D. E
b
= 12 (V); r
b
= 3 ().
2.46* Cho mch in nh hnh v (2.46). Mi pin c sut in ng E
= 1,5 (V), in tr trong r = 1 (). in tr mch ngoi R = 3,5 ().
Cng dng in mch ngoi l:
A. I = 0,9 (A) . B. I = 1,0 (A). C. I = 1,2 (A). D. I = 1,4 (A).

Bi tp v nh lut m v cng sut in
2.47 Cho mt on mch gm hai in tr R
1
v R
2
mc song song v mc vo mt hiu in th
khng i. Nu gim tr s ca in tr R
2
th
A. st th trn R
2
gim. B. dng in qua R
1
khng thay i.
C. dng in qua R
1
tng ln. D. cng sut tiu th trn R
2
gim.
2.48 Cho mt mch in kn gm ngun in c sut in ng E = 12 (V), in tr trong r = 2
1
A. R = 1 (). B. R = 2 (). C. R = 3 (). D. R = 4 ().
2.49 Khi hai in tr ging nhau mc ni tip vo mt hiu in th U khng i th cng sut
tiu th ca chng l 20 (W). Nu mc chng song song ri mc vo hiu in th ni trn th
cng sut tiu th ca chng l:
A. 5 (W). B. 10 (W). C. 40 (W). D. 80 (W).
2.50 Khi hai in tr ging nhau mc song vo mt hiu in th U khng i th cng sut tiu
th ca chng l 20 (W). Nu mc chng ni tip ri mc vo hiu in th ni trn th cng sut
tiu th ca chng l:
A. 5 (W). B. 10 (W). C. 40 (W). D. 80 (W).
1
v R
2
un nc. Nu dng dy R
1
th nc trong m s
si sau thi gian t
1
2
2
= 40 (pht).
Nu dng c hai dy mc song song th nc s si sau thi gian l:

E
1
, r
1
E
2
, r
2
R
A B

Hnh 2.42
R

Hnh 2.46
A. t = 4 (pht). B. t = 8 (pht). C. t = 25 (pht). D. t = 30
(pht).
1
v R
2
un nc. Nu dng dy R
1
th nc trong m s
si sau thi gian t
1
2
2
= 40 (pht).
Nu dng c hai dy mc ni tip th nc s si sau thi gian l:
A. t = 8 (pht). B. t = 25 (pht). C. t = 30 (pht). D. t = 50 (pht).
2.53** Cho mt mch in kn gm ngun in c sut in ng E = 12 (V), in tr trong r =
3 (), mch ngoi gm in tr R
1
th trn in tr R t gi tr ln nht th in tr R phi c gi tr
A. R = 1 (). B. R = 2 (). C. R = 3 (). D. R = 4 ().

Thc hnh: o sut in ng v in tr trong ca ngun in
ngoi
A. gim khi cng dng in trong mch tng.
B.t l thun vi cng dng in chy trong mch.
C. tng khi cng dng in trong mch tng.
2.55 Biu thc no sau y l khng ng?
A.
r R
I
+
=
E
B.
R
U
I = C. E = U Ir D. E = U + Ir
2.56 o sut in ng ca ngun in ngi ta c th dng cch no sau y?
A. Mc ngun in vi mt in tr bit tr s v mt ampek to thnh mt mch kn. Da
vo s ch ca ampe k cho ta bit sut in ng ca ngun in.
vo hai cc ca ngun in. Da vo s ch ca vn k cho ta bit sut in ng ca ngun
in.
C. Mc ngun in vi mt in tr c tr s rt ln v mt vn k to thnh mt mch kn.
Da vo s ch ca vn k cho ta bit sut in ng ca ngun in.
A. E = 4,5 (V); r = 4,5 (). B. E = 4,5 (V); r = 2,5 ().
C. E = 4,5 (V); r = 0,25 (). D. E = 9 (V); r = 4,5 ().
2.58 o sut in ng v in tr trong ca ngun in ngi ta c th dng cch no sau y?
A. Mc ngun in vi mt in tr bit tr s v mt ampek to thnh mt mch kn. Sau
mc thm mt vn k gia hai cc ca ngun in. Da vo s ch ca ampe k v vn k
cho ta bit sut in ng v in tr trong ca ngun in.
vo hai cc ca ngun in. Da vo s ch ca vn k cho ta bit sut in ng v in tr
trong ca ngun in.
C. Mc ngun in vi mt in tr bit tr s v mt vn k to thnh mt mch kn. Sau
mc vn k vo hai cc ca ngun in. Thay in tr ni trn bng mt in tr khc tr
s. Da vo s ch ca ampe k v vn k trong hai trng hp cho ta bit sut in ng v
in tr trong ca ngun in.
ca vn k cho ta bit sut in ng v in tr trong ca ngun in.

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2 - DÒNG ĐIỆN KHÔNG ĐỔI

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CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2 - DÒNG ĐIỆN KHÔNG ĐỔI

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