Chuyn BD HSG v luyn thi i hc

PHNG PHP GII CC BI TP DI TRUYN HC QUN TH

Phn 1: CC CNG THC CN NH
I. QUN TH NI PHI (T th phn, t phi)
Xt 1 gen gm 2 alen A v a. Gi s QT ban u c 100%Aa vi n: s th h t
phi.
n

1
T l KG d hp qua n ln t phi =
2

1
1
T l KG ng hp mi loi (AA = aa) qua n ln t phi = 2
2

*Ch : Nu qun th ban u khng phi l 100% Aa m c dng: xAA + yAa + zaa
= 1 qua n th h t phi th ta phi tnh phc tp hn. Lc ny, t l KG Aa, AA, aa ln
lt l:
n

1
1
AA = x +
2 . y
2

1
Aa = . y
2

1
1
aa = z + 2 . y
2

II. QUN TH NGU PHI: ( nh lut Haci-Vanbec )

Ta c: xAA + yAa + zaa = 1 ; Nu gi p l tn s alen A, q l tn s alen a th:
pA = x +

y
y
; qa = z +
2
2

1. Ni dung nh lut:
Khi xy ra ngu phi, qun th t trng thi cn bng theo nh lut Haci-Vanbec.
Khi tho mn ng thc: p2AA + 2pqAa + q2aa = 1, QT cn bng p + q = 1
2. Kim tra s cn bng ca qun th :
2

2 pq
Nu p x q =
qun th cn bng.
2
2

2 pq
Nu : p x q #
Qun th khng cn bng
2
2

3. Xc nh s loi kiu gen ca qun th:

- S kiu gen ={ r ( r + 1 ) /2 } n ( r : s alen thuc 1 gen (lcut), n : s gen khc
nhau, trong cc gen phn li c lp).
- Nu c r ca cc locut khc nhau th tnh tng locut theo cng thc nhn kt qu
tnh tng locut.
- Nu gen nm trn cng mt NST th tng kiu gen l: rn(rn +1)/2.
- Nu gen nm trn NST gii tnh th tng kiu gen l: r(r+2)/2 + r....
4. Trng hp gen a alen:
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Chuyn BD HSG v luyn thi i hc

V d: Qun th Ngi: ( 1 gen c 3 alen Ngi c 4 nhm mu: A, B, AB, O )

Gi : p(IA); q(IB), r(i) ln lt l tn s tng i cc alen I A, IB, IO . Ta c : p + q + r =
1
Nhm mu
A
B
AB
O
A A
A O
B B
B O
A B
O O
Kiu gen
I I + I I
I I + I I
I I
I I
2
2
Tn s kiu
p + 2 pr
q + 2 pr
2pq
r2
gen
III. GEN TRN NST GII TNH
i vi 1 locus trn NST gii tnh X c 2 alen s c 5 kiu gen: X A X A , X A X a ,
X a X a , X AY , X aY
Cc c th ci c 2 alen trn NST X v vy khi xt trong phm vi gii ci th tn s
cc kiu gen X A X A , X A X a , X a X a c tnh ging trng hp cc alen trn NST
thng, c ngha l tn s cc kiu gen trng tha cn bng Hacdi Vanbec l:
p2 X A X A + 2pq X A X a + q2 X a X a = 1.
Cc c th c ch c 1 alen trn X nn tn s cc kiu gen gii c p X AY + q
X aY =1. (Khi xt ch trong phm vi gii c).
V t l c : ci l 1: 1 nn t l cc kiu gen trn mi gii tnh phi gim i mt
na khi xt trong phm vi ton b qun th, v vy trng thi cn bng qun th Hacdi
Vanbec, cng thc tnh kiu gen lin quan n locus gen trn NST trn NST X ( vng
khng tng ng) gm 2 alen l:
0.5p2 X A X A + pq X A X a + 0.5q2 X a X a + 0.5p X AY + 0.5q X aY = 1.
Phn 2: PHNG PHP GII CC BI TP
I. BI TP QUN TH T PHI
1. Dng 1:
Cho thnh phn kiu gen ca th h P (th h xut pht) 100% d hp Aa qua n
th h t phi tm thnh phn kiu gen ca th h Fn
*Cch gii:
Qun th P Sau n th h t phi thnh phn kiu gen thay i nh sau
T l th ng hp tri AA trong qun th Fn l
AA =

1
1
2
2

T l th d hp Aa trong qun th Fn l
n

Aa =

1

2

T l th ng hp ln aa trong qun th Fn l

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Chuyn BD HSG v luyn thi i hc

aa =

1
1
2
2

*V d: Qun th ban u 100% c th c kiu gen d hp. Sau 3 th h t th phn

thnh phn kiu gen ca qun th nh th no?
Gii nhanh:
Sau n th h t phi thnh phn kiu gen thay i nh sau (Vi n=3)
T l th ng hp tri AA trong qun th Fn l
AA =

1
1
2
2

1
1
2
2

= 0,4375

T l th d hp Aa trong qun th Fn l
n

Aa =

1

2

1

2

= 0,125

T l th ng hp ln aa trong qun th Fn l
aa =

1
1
2
2

1
1
2
2

= 0,4375

2. Dng 2:
Cho thnh phn kiu gen ca th h P qua n th h t phi tm thnh phn kiu
gen ca th h Fn
*Cch gii:
Qun th t phi c thnh phn kiu gen ca th h P ban u nh sau:xAA +
yAa + zaa
Qun th P Sau n th h t phi thnh phn kiu gen thay i nh sau
T l th ng hp tri AA trong qun th Fn l
n

AA = x +

1
y .y
2
2

T l th d hp Aa trong qun th Fn l
n

Aa =

1
.y
2

T l th ng hp ln aa trong qun th Fn l
n

aa = z +

1
y .y
2
2

* V d 1: Qun th P c 35AA, 14Aa, 91aa =1

Cc c th trong qun th t phi bt buc qua 3 th h tm cu trc ca qun th
qua 3 th h
Gii:
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Chuyn BD HSG v luyn thi i hc

Cu trc ca qun th P 0,25AA + 0,1Aa + 0,65aa

Cu trc ca qun th qua 3 th h
n

AA = x +

1
y .y
2
2

= 0,25 +

1
0,1 .0,1
=
2
2

0,29375

T l th d hp Aa trong qun th Fn l
n

Aa =

1
1
.y = .0,1 =
2
2

0,0125

T l th ng hp ln aa trong qun th Fn l
n

aa = z +

1
y .y
2
2

= 0,65 +

1
0,1 .0,1
=
2
2

0,69375

Vy cu trc ca qun th qua 3 th h

0,29375 AA + 0,125 Aa + 0,69375 aa = 1
*V d 2 : Qun th t th phn c thnh phn kiu gen th h P l 0,8Bb + 0,2bb = 1.
Sau 3 th h t th phn cu trc ca qun th nh th no?
Gii:
T l th ng hp tri AA trong qun th F3 l
n

BB = x +

1
y .y
2
2

1
0,8 .0,8
=
2
0+
2

0,35

T l th d hp Aa trong qun th F3 l
n

Bb =

1
1
.y = .0,8
2

2

= 0,1

T l th ng hp ln aa trong qun th F3 l
n

bb = z +

1
y .y
2
2

1
0,8 .0,8
2
0,2 +
2

= 0,55

Vy cu trc ca qun th qua 3 th h t th phn l: 0,35 BB + 0,1 Bb + 0,55 bb = 1

*V d 3 : Qun th t th c thnh phn kiu gen th h P l 0,4BB + 0,2 Bb + 0,4bb
= 1. Cn bao nhiu th h t th phn c c t l ng hp tri chim 0,475 ?
Gii:
T l th ng hp tri BB trong qun th Fn l
n

BB = x +

1
y .y
2
2

1
0,2 .0,2
2
0,4 +
2

= 0,475

n=2
Vy sau 2 th h BB = 0,475.
II. BI TP QUN TH NGU PHI
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Chuyn BD HSG v luyn thi i hc

1. Dng 1:
T cu trc di truyn qun th chng minh qun th t trng thi cn bng
hay khng, qua bao nhiu th h qun th t trng thi cn bng.
* Cch gii 1:
- Gi p l tn s tng i ca alen A
- Gi q l tn s tng i ca alen a
p+q = 1
Cu trc di truyn ca qun th khi t trng thi cn bng:
p2 AA + 2pqAa + q2 aa
Nh vy trng thi cn bng ca qun th phn nh mi tng quan sau:
2 2
p q = (2pq/2)2
Xc nh h s p2, q2, 2pq
Th vo p2 q2 = (2pq/2)2 qun th cn bng.
Th vo p2 q2 # (2pq/2)2 qun th khng cn bng.
* Cch gii 2:
- T cu trc di truyn qun th tm tn s tng i ca cc alen. C tn s
tng i ca cc alen th vo cng thc nh lut.
- Nu qun th ban u cho nghim ng cng thc nh lut (tc trng cng
thc nh lut) suy ra qun th cn bng
- Nu qun th ban u cho khng nghim ng cng thc nh lut (tc
khng trng cng thc nh lut) suy ra qun th khng cn bng
* V d 1: Cc qun th sau qun th no t trng thi cn bng
QT1: 0,36AA; 0,48Aa; 0,16aa
QT2: 0,7AA; 0,2Aa; 0,1aa
Cch gii 1:
QT1: 0.36AA; 0.48Aa; 0.16aa
- Gi p l tn s tng i ca alen A
- Gi q l tn s tng i ca alen a
Qun th t trng thi cn bng khi tho mn p2AA + 2pqAa + q2 aa = 1
v khi c c p2 q2 = (2pq/2)2 .
qun th 1 c p2 = 0.36 , q2 = 0.16, 2pq = 0.48
0.36 x 0.16 = (0.48/2)2 vy qun th ban u cho l cn bng.
Cch gii 2:
QT2: 0,7AA; 0,2Aa; 0,1aa
- Gi p l tn s tng i ca alen A
- Gi q l tn s tng i ca alen a
p = 0,7 + 0,1
q = 0.1 +0.1
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Chuyn BD HSG v luyn thi i hc

Qun th t trng thi cn bng khi tho mn p2AA + 2pqAa + q2 aa

Tc 0,82 AA + 2.0,8.0,2Aa + 0,22 aa = 0,7AA + 0,2Aa + 0,1aa vy qun th
khng cn bng.
*V d 2: Qun th no trong cc qun th di y t trng thi cn bng
Qun th

Tn s kiu gen AA

Tn s kiu gen Aa

Tn s kiu gen
aa
0
0
1
0,3

1
1
0
2
0
1
3
0
0
4
0,2
0,5
Gii nhanh
Qun th 1: Nu cn bng th p 2 q2 = (2pq/2)2 =>1 x 0 = (0/2)2 => qun th cn
bng.
Qun th 2: Nu cn bng th p 2 q2 = (2pq/2)2 =>0 x 0 (1/2)2 => qun th khng
cn bng.
Qun th 3: Nu cn bng th p 2 q2 = (2pq/2)2 =>0 x 1 = (0/2)2 => qun th cn
bng.
Qun th 4: Nu cn bng th p 2 q2 = (2pq/2)2 =>0,2 x 0,3 = (0,5/2) 2 => qun th
khng cn bng.
2. Dng 2:
T s lng kiu hnh cho cho xc nh cu trc di truyn ca qun th
(cho s lng tt c kiu hnh c trong qun th).
Cch gii:
Cu trc di truyn ca qun th
- T l kiu gen ng tri = s lng c th do kiu gen ng tri qui nh/Tng s
c th ca qun th
-T l kiu gen d hp = s c th do kiu gen d hp quy nh/ Tng s c th ca
qun th
- T l kiu gen ng ln = S c th do kiu gen ln quy nh/ Tng s c th ca
qun th.
* V d 1: g, cho bit cc kiu gen: AA qui nh lng en, Aa qui nh lng m,
aa qui nh lng trng. Mt qun th g c 410 con lng en, 580 con lng m, 10 con
lng trng.
a. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th ni trn c trng thi cn bng khng?
b. Qun th t trng thi cn bng vi iu kin no?
c. Xc nh cu trc di truyn ca qun th khi t trng thi cn bng?
Gii:
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Chuyn BD HSG v luyn thi i hc

a. Cu trc di truyn ca qun th c xc nh da vo t l ca cc kiu gen:

Tng s c th ca qun th: 580 + 410 + 10 =1000
T l th ng hp tri AA l 410/1000 = 0,41
T l th d hp Aa l
580/1000 = 0,58
T l th ng hp ln aa l 10/1000 = 0.01
Cu trc di truyn ca qun th nh sau:
0.41 AA + 0.58aa + 0.01aa
Cu trc ny cho thy qun th khng trng thi cn bng v
0,41 x 0,01 = (0,58/2)2
=> 0,0041 = 0.0841.
b. iu kin qun th t v tr cn bng di truyn khi qu trnh ngu phi din ra th
ngay th h tip theo qun th at s cn bng di truyn
c. Tn s alen A l 0,41 + 0,58/2 = 0.7
Tn s ca alen a l 1 - 0.7 = 0,3
Sau khi qu trnh ngu phi xy ra th cu trc di truyn ca qun th th h sau l
(0,7A:0,3a) x (0,7A:0,3a)
=> 0,49AA + 0,42Aa + 0,09aa
Vi cu trc trn qun th t trng thi cn bng v tho mn
(0,9)2 AA + 2(0,7 x 0,3) Aa + (0,3)2 aa
* V d 2: Mt qun th sc c s lng nh sau 1050 con lng nu ng hp, 150 con
lng nu d hp, 300 con lng trng, mu lng do mt gen gm 2 alen qui nh. Tm tn
s tng i ca cc alen?
Gii:
Tnh trng lng nu l tri do A quy nh
Tnh trng lng trng l ln do a quy nh
T l th ng hp tri AA l 1050/1500 = 0,7
T l th d hp Aa l
150/1500 = 0,1
T l th ng hp ln aa l 300/1500 = 0,2
Vy cu trc di truyn ca qun th l: 0,7AA; 0,1Aa; 0,2aa
3. Dng 3:
T s lng kiu hnh cho cho xc nh cu trc di truyn ca qun th
(ch cho tng s c th v s c th mang kiu hnh ln hoc tri).
Cch gii:
- Nu t l kiu hnh tri=> kiu hnh ln = 100% - Tri.
- T l kiu gen ng ln = S c th do kiu gen ln quy nh/ Tng s c th ca
qun th.
+ T t l kiu gen ng ln => Tn s tng i ca alen ln tc tn s ca q
=> Tn s tng i ca alen tri tc tn s p.
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Chuyn BD HSG v luyn thi i hc

+ p dng cng thc nh lut p 2 AA + 2pq Aa + q 2 aa = 1 => cu trc di truyn

qun th.
* V d 1: Qun th ngu phi c thnh phn kiu gen t trng thi cn bng vi 2 loi
kiu hnh l hoa (do B tri hon ton quy nh) v hoa trng(do b quy nh). T l
hoa 84%. Xc nh cu trc di trun ca qun th?
Gii:
- Gi p tn s tng i ca alen B
- q tn s tng i alen b
- %hoa trng bb = 100%- 84%= 16%=q2 => q = 0,4 => p = 0,6
- p dng cng thc nh lut p2 BB + 2pq Bb + q2 bb = 1
- => cu trc di truyn qun th :0.6 2 BB + 2.0,6.0,4 Bb + 0,42 bb = 0,36BB +
0,48Bb + 0,16bb = 1
* V d 2: b A qui nh lng en, a: lng vng. Trong mt qun th b lng vng
chim 9% tng s c th ca n. Bit qun th t trng thi cn bng. Tm tn s ca
gen A?
Ch gii nhanh:
Qun th t trng thi cn bng aa = 9% = q2 => q = a = o,3 => p = A= 0,7
* V d 3: Qun th ngi c tn s ngi b bch tng 1/10000. Gi s qun th ny
cn bng( bit bch tng do gen ln nm trn nhim sc th thng quy nh)
a. Tnh tn s cc alen?
b. Tnh xc sut 2 ngi bnh thng trong qun th ly nhau sinh ra ngi con
u lng b bch tng?
Gii nhanh:
a. Tnh tn s cc alen ?
A: bnh thng (khng bch tng), a: bch tng
Qun th cn bng aa = q2 = 1/10000 = > a = q = 0,01 => A = p = 0,99
b. Tnh xc sut 2 ngi bnh thng trong qun th ly nhau sinh ra ngi con
u lng b bch tng?
- B d hp (Aa) xc sut

2 pq
p + 2 pq

- M d hp (Aa) xc sut

2 pq
p + 2 pq

- Xc sut con b bnh

1
4

Vy xc sut 2 ngi bnh thng trong qun th ly nhau sinh ra ngi con u
lng b bch tng l:

2 pq
p + 2 pq
2

2 pq
p + 2 pq
2

1
4

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Chuyn BD HSG v luyn thi i hc

th p=0,01 , q= 0,99 =>

2 pq
p + 2 pq
2

2 pq
p + 2 pq
2

1
4

= 0,00495

* V d 4: Trong mt qun th cn bng c 90% alen lcus Rh l R. Alen cn li l r.

C 40 tr em ca qun th ny n mt trng hc nht nh . Xc sut tt c cc em
u l Rh dng tnh l bao nhiu?
Gii nhanh:
Tn s tng i ca alen R =p= 0,9 => tn s alen r=q = 0,1
Rh dng c kiu gen RR, Rr tn s ca 2 nhm kiu gen trn l
RR= p2= 0,92 = 0,81, Rr = 2pq = 2.0,9.0,1 = 0,18.
Tn s 1 hc sinh c Rh dng l: 0,81+0,18 = 0,99
Xc sut 40 hc sinh c Rh dng l (0,99)40
III. BI TP GEN A ALEN
* V d: Gi thit trong mt qun th ngi, tn s ca cc nhm mu l:
Nhm A = 0,45
Nhm B = 0,21
Nhm AB = 0,3
Nhm O = 0,004
Xc nh tn s tng i ca cc alen qui nh nhm mu v cu trc di truyn
ca qun th?
Gii:
-Gi p l tn s tng i ca alen IA.
- Gi q l tn s tng i ca alen IB
- Gi r l tn s tng i ca alen IO
Nhm mu A
B
AB
O
A A
A O
B B
B O
A B
Kiu gen
I I +I I
I I +I I
I I
IOIO
Kiu hnh
p2 + 2pr
q2 + 2qr
2pq
r2
0,45
0,21
0,3
0,04
T bng trn ta c:
p2 + 2pr + r2 = 0,45 + 0,04
=> (p + r)2 = 0,49 => p + r = 0,7
r2 = 0,04 => r = 0,2
Vy p = 0,7 - 0,2 = 0,5 => q = 0,3
Cu trc di truyn ca qun th c xc nh l:
(0,5 IA + 0,3 IB + 0,2IO) (0,5 IA + 0,3 IB + 0,2IO) = 0,25IAIA + 0,09IBIB + 0,04 IOIO +
0,3IAIB + 0,2IAIO + 0,12IBIO
Phn 3: BI TP TRC NGHIM
1. Qun th c 0,36AA; 0,48Aa; 0,16aa. Xc nh cu trc di truyn ca qun th trn
qua 3 th h t phi.
A.0,57AA : 0,06Aa : 0,37aa
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B.0,7AA : 0,2Aa ; 0,1aa

C.0,36AA : 0,24Aa : 0,40aa
D.0,36AA : 0,48Aa : 0,16aa
2. Mt qun th thc vt th h xut pht u c kiu gen Aa. Tnh theo l thuyt t l
kiu gen AA trong qun th sau 5 th h t th phn bt buc l:
A.46,8750 %
B.48,4375 %
C.43,7500 %
D.37,5000 %
3. Nu P tn s cc kiu gen ca qun th l :20%AA :50%Aa :30%aa ,th sau 3 th
h t th, tn s kiu gen AA :Aa :aa s l :
A. 51,875 % AA : 6, 25 % Aa : 41,875 % aa
B. 57, 250 % AA : 6,25 % Aa : 36,50 %aa
C. 41,875 % AA : 6,25 % Aa : 51,875 % aa
D. 0,36 AA : 0,48 Aa : 0,16 aa
4. Xt qun th t th phn c thnh phn kiu gen th h P l: 0,3 BB + 0,3 Bb + 0,4
bb = 1.Cc c th bb khng c kh nng sinh sn, th thnh phn kiu gen F1 nh th
no?
A. 0,25AA + 0,15Aa + 0,60aa = 1
B.0,7AA + 0,2Aa + 0,1aa = 1
C. 0,625AA + 0,25Aa + 0,125 aa = 1
D.0,36AA + 0,48Aa + 0,16aa = 1
5. Mt qun th Thc vt t th phn c t l kiu gen th h xut pht: 0,45AA :
0,30Aa : 0,25aa. Cho bit c th c kiu gen aa khng c kh nng sinh sn. Tnh theo l
thuyt t l kiu gen thu c F1 l:
A. 0,525AA : 0,150Aa : 0,325aa
B. 0,7AA : 0,2Aa ; 0,1aa
C. 0,36AA : 0,24Aa : 0,40aa
D.0,36AA : 0,48Aa : 0,16aa
6. Xt mt qun th thc vt c thnh phn kiu gen l 25% AA : 50% Aa : 25% aa.
Nu tin hnh t th phn bt buc th t l kiu gen ng hp th h F2 l
A. 12,5%.
B. 25%.
C. 75%.
D. 87,5%.
7. mt qun th sau khi tri qua 3 th h t phi, t l ca th d hp trong qun th
bng 8%. Bit rng th h xut pht, qun th c 20% s c th ng hp tri v cnh
di l tnh tri hon ton so vi cnh ngn. Hy cho bit trc khi xy ra qu trnh t
phi, t l kiu hnh no sau y l ca qun th trn?
A. 36% cnh di : 64% cnh ngn.
B. 64% cnh di : 36% cnh ngn.
C. 84% cnh di : 16% cnh ngn.
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Chuyn BD HSG v luyn thi i hc

D. 16% cnh di : 84% cnh ngn.

8. Qun th no sau y trng thi cn bng di truyn?
A. QT I : 0,32 AA : 0,64 Aa : 0,04 aa.
B.QT II: 0,04 AA : 0,64 Aa : 0,32 aa.
C. QT III: 0,64 AA : 0,04 Aa : 0,32 aa.
D. QT IV: 0,64 AA : 0,32 Aa : 0,04 aa.
9. Mt qun th bao gm 120 c th c kiu gen AA, 400 c th c kiu gen Aa, 680 c
th c kiu gen aa. Tn s alen A v a trong qun th trn ln lt l :
A. 0,265 v 0,735
B.0,27 v 0,73
C. 0,25 v 0,75
D.0,3 v 0,7
10. Gen BB qui nh hoa , Bb qui nh hoa hng, bb qui nh hoa trng. Mt qun th
c 300 c th , 400 c th hoa hng v 300 c th hoa trng tin hnh giao phn ngu
nhin. Nu khng c s tc ng ca cc nhn t tin ha th thnh phn kiu gen ca
qun th F1 l
A. 0,25 BB+0,50Bb+0,25bb=1.
B. 0,36 BB+0,48Bb+0,16bb=1
C. 0,81 BB+0,18Bb+0,01bb=1.
D. 0,49 BB+0,42Bb+0,09bb=1
11. Bit alen A quy nh lng xm l tri hon ton so vi alen a quy nh lng trng,
cc alen nm trn NST thng. Mt qun th chut th h xut pht c 1020 chut
lng xm ng hp, 510 chut c kiu gen d hp. Khi qun th t trng thi cn bng
c 3600 c th. Tn s tng i ca mi alen l:
A. A: a = 1/6 : 5/6
B. A: a = 5/6 : 1/6
C. A: a = 4/6 : 2/6
D A: a = 0,7 : 0,3
12. n b c thnh phn kiu gen t cn bng, vi tn s tng i ca alen qui nh
lng en l 0,6, tn s tng i ca alen qui nh lng vng l 0,4. T l kiu hnh ca
n b ny nh th no ?
A. 84% b lng en, 16% b lng vng.
B. 16% b lng en, 84% b lng vng.
C. 75% b lng en, 25% b lng vng.
D. 99% b lng en, 1% b lng vng.
13. Qun th giao phn c thnh phn kiu gen t trng thi cn bng, c hoa chim
84%. Thnh phn kiu gen ca qun th nh th no (B qui nh hoa tri hon ton
so b qui nh hoa trng)?
A.0,16 BB + 0,48 Bb + 0,36 bb = 1.
B.0,36 BB + 0,48 Bb + 0,16 bb = 1.
C.0,25 BB + 0,50 Bb + 0,25 bb = 1.
D. 0,64 BB + 0,32 Bb + 0,04 bb = 1.
14. Qun th ngi c t l mu A chim 0,2125; mu B chim 0,4725; mu AB chim
0,2250; mu O chim 0,090. Tn s tng i ca mi alen l bao nhiu?
A. p(IA) = 0,25; q(IB) = 0,45; r(i) = 0,30
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B. p(IA) = 0,35; q(IB) = 0,35; r(i) = 0,30

C. p(IA) = 0,15; q(IB) = 0,55; r(i) = 0,30
D. p(IA) = 0,45; q(IB) = 0,25; r(i) = 0,30
15. Cho cu trc di truyn ca 1 qun th ngi v h nhm mu A, B, AB, O: 0,25 IA IA
+ 0,20 IA IO + 0,09 IB IB + 0,12 IB IO + 0,30 IA IB + 0,04IO IO = 1
Tn s tng i mi alen IA , IB , IO l:
A. 0,3 : 0,5 : 0,2
B. 0,5 : 0,2 : 0,3
C. 0,5 : 0,3 : 0,2
D. 0,2 : 0,5 : 0,3
16. V nhm mu A, O, B ca mt qun th ngi trng thi cn bng di truyn.Tn
s alen IA = 0,1 , IB = 0,7, Io = 0,2.Tn s cc nhm mu A, B, AB, O ln lt l:
A. 0, 3; 0, 4; 0, 26; 0, 04
B. 0,05; 0,7 ; 0,21; 0,04
C. 0, 05; 0, 77; 0, 14; 0, 04
D. 0,05; 0,81; 0,10; 0,04
17. ngi gen qui nh mu mt c 2 alen ( A, a ), gen qui nh dng tc c 2 alen (B,
b) gen qui nh nhm mu c 3 alen ( I A. IB, IO ). Cho bit cc gen nm trn nhim sc
th thng khc nhau. S kiu gen khc nhau c th to ra t 3 gen ni trn qun th
ngi l:
A.54
B.24
C.10
D.64
18. Mt qun th ng vt, xt 1 gen c 3 alen nm trn NST thng v 1 gen c 2 alen
nm trn NST gii tnh khng c alen tng ng trn Y. Qun th ny c s loi kiu
gen ti a v 2 gen trn l:
A.30
B.60
C. 18
D.32
19. ngi gen A qui nh mt nhn mu bnh thng, alen a qui nh bnh m mu
v lc; gen B qui nh mu ng bnh thng, alen b qui nh bnh mu kh ng. Cc
gen ny nm trn NST gii tnh X khng c alen tng ng trn Y. Gen D quy nh
thun tay phi, alen d quy nh thun tay tri nm trn NST thng. S kiu gen ti a
v 3 locut trn trong qun th ngi l:
A.42
B.36
C.39
D.27
20. Mt qun th ban u c cu trc di truyn l: 0,7AA + 0,3Aa. Sau mt th h ngu
phi ngi ta thu c i con 4000 c th. Tnh theo l thuyt, s c th c kiu gen
d hp i con l:
A. 90
B.2890
C.1020
D.7680

ng Hi, ngy 07. 04. 2012.

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