Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Lp 11 nng cao 2012-2013

BI TP CHNG I: IN LI
Dng 1: Vit PT in li v tnh nng ion trong dung dch
BT 1.1. Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht sau: a. HNO3, Ba(OH)2, Na2CO3, Al2(SO4)3, NaCl, HCl, KOH, H2SO4, AlCl3, (NH4)2CO3. b. KHCO3, NaHS, CH3COOK, CuSO4 , Mg(OH)2 , NaH2PO4.,Al(NO3)3. BT 1.2. Tnh nng mol ca cation v anion trong dung dch sau: a. (BTSGK) dd Ba(OH)2 0,1M b. 200ml dd cha 0,25 mol Na2SO4 c. 2 lt dung dch c ha tan 3,92g H2SO4 d. 4 lt dd c ha tan 4g NaOH v 16,8g KOH e. Trn ln 100ml dung dch AlCl3 1M vi 200ml dung dch BaCl2 2M v 300ml dung dch KNO3 0,5M. Tnh nng mol/l cc ion c trong dung dch sau khi trn. f. Ho tan 12,5gam CuSO4.5H2O vo mt lng nc va to thnh 200ml dung dch. Tnh nng mol/l cc ion c trong dung dch.(B qua s in ly ca H2O)
Dng 2: chng minh cc cht, ion l axit baz theo thuyt Bron-sted

BT 1.3. Theo thuyt axit-baz ca Bronsted, cc cht sau gi vai tr l axit- baz- lng tnhtrung tnh: a. (BTSGK) HI, CH3COO-, H2PO4-, PO43- , NH3, S2-, HPO2 4 2 b. Na , Al 3 , Cu2 , Cl , NO3 , CO32 , NH 4 , HCO3 , SO3 , NO2 , HS . HSO4 . BT 1.4. Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch axit-baz yu. a. (BT SGK) Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M (Ka = 1,75.10-5). Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ b. (BT SGK) Dung dch NH3 0,1M (Kb = 1,8.10-5). Tnh nng mol ca ion OH c. Trong 2 lit dung dch axit flohidric c cha 4g HF. in li ca axit ny l 8%. Tnh hng s phn li Ka ca axit HF.
A a. [H ] 1,32.103 M b. [OH ] 1,34.103 M c. Ka ( HF ) 6,96.104

BT 1.5. (BTSGK) Vit biu thc tnh Ka hoc Kb cho cc trng hp sau: HF; NH 4 ; ClO ; CH 3COO , HNO2, NO2-, HClO, BrO-.

Dng 3: Tnh pH ca cc dung dch axit- baz mnh

BT 1.6. (BTSGK) Cn bao nhiu g NaOH pha ch 300 ml dd c pH= 10? BT 1.7. (BTSGK) Tnh pH ca trong cc dung dch sau: a. 400 ml dd cha 1,46g HCl . b. Trn 100ml dd HCl 1M vi 400ml dd NaOH 0,375M. c. Ho tan 2,4g Mg trong 100ml dd HCl 3M. d. Trn 40ml dd HCl 0,5M vi 60ml dd NaOH 0,5M. BT 1.8. Trn 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M vi 300ml dung dch NaOH x mol/l. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch c pH = 13. Tm x? 1

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Lp 11 nng cao 2012-2013

A x 0,5

BT 1.9. a. Ho tan m gam Ba vo nc thu c 1,5 lt dung dch X c pH = 13. Tnh m. b. Cho m gam Ba vo 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,04M th c mt dung dch c pH = 13. Tnh m ( Coi th tch dung dch khng i ).
A a. m 10,275g b. m 0,685g

BT 1.10. C V1 ml dung dch H2SO4 pH = 2. Trn thm V2 ml H2O vo dung dch trn c (V1+V2) ml dung dch mi c pH = 3. Vy t l V1 : V2 c gi tr bng bao nhiu?
A V1 : V2 1: 9

Dang 4: Tnh pH ca cc dung dch axit- baz yu

BT 1.11. (BTSGK) Tnh pH ca dd HNO2 0,1M (Ka= 4. 10-4). BT 1.12. Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,2M; bit rng hng s phn li axit bng 1,75.10-5. BT 1.13. pH ca mt dung dch NH3 l 11,477. Tnh nng ca dung dch NH3 bit hng s phn li bazo ca NH3 l 1,8.10-5.
A [NH3 ] 0,05M

BT 1.14. Cho 200ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,2M. Sau thm vo 1,23g CH3COONa. Tnh pH ca dung dch sau phn ng bit Ka (CH3COOH)=1,75.10-5. (gi s th tch dd thay i khng ng k).
A pH 4,33

BT 1.15. Tnh pH ca dung dch NH3 bit 2 lt dung dch c ho tan 11,2 lt NH3 (kc), bit hng s phn li baz ca NH3 l 1,8.10-5.
A pH 11,32

BT 1.16. Tnh pH ca mt dung dch axit yu HF 0,5M; bit in li =8%.

A pH 1,40

BT 1.17. Ho tan 10,7g NH4Cl vo nc c 1 lt dung dch X. a. Tnh pH ca dung dch X bit hng s phn li baz ca NH3 l 1,8.10-5. b. Nu thm vo dung dch X 500 ml dd HCl 0,04M c dd Y. Tnh pH ca dd Y?
A a. pH 4,98 b. pH 1,87

BT 1.18. Dung dch A cha HF 0,1M v NaF 0,1M. Tnh pH ca dung dch bit pKa = 3,17.
A pH 3,17

BT 1.19. (BTSGK) Tnh nng cc ion H+ v OH- trong dd NaNO2 1M. Bit hng s phn li baz ca NO2 l kb=2,5.10-11.
A [OH ] 5.106 M

BT 1.20. (BTSGK)Tnh [H + ] trong cc dd sau:

a. CH3COONa 0,1M( k b(CH COO- ) = 5,71.10 -10 ).
3

b. NH 4 Cl (k a(NH+ ) = 5,56.10 ).
-10
4

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

A a. [H ] 1,32.109 M b. [H ] 7,46.106

Lp 11 nng cao 2012-2013

Dng 5. Vit PTHH dng phn t-ion rt gn BT 1.21. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng dng phn t (nu c) v dng ion thu gn. a. Fe2(SO4)3 + NaOH g. Al(OH)3 + KOH b. Cu(OH)2 + HNO3 h. NaHSO3 + NaOH C KNO3 + NaCl i Na2HPO4 + HCl d CaCO3 + H2SO4 k. H2SO4 c nng + Fe e. AgNO3 + HBr l CuSO4 + H2S f. FeS + HCl m FeSO4 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 BT 1.22. Vit PTHH phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng sau:
2a. Ba2+ + CO3 BaCO3

b. NH + + OH - NH3 + H 2 O 4 c. Fe3+ + 3OH - Fe(OH)3 f. Zn(OH)2 + OH - ZnO2+ H2O 2

b. S2- + 2H + H2S d. H + + OH - H2O

g. Pb(NO3 )2 + ? PbCl2 + ? i. HCl + l. ClO? ? + CO2 + ? + H + HClO + ?

h. BaCl 2

+ ? BaSO 4 + ?

k. H 2 SO4 + ? ? + H 2O m. ? + CH3COO- CH3COOH + ?

Dng 5: Gii thch mi trng ca cc dung dch mui BT 1.23. Gii thch mi trng ca cc dung dch mui:
Na2CO3 ; NH 4 Cl; Al 2 (SO4 )3 ; KHSO4 ; NaHSO3 ; NaHCO3 ; K 2S; Ba(NO3 )2 ; KHS; CH3COOK; NaNO3 ; NaF; KI; Na2SO4 .

BT 1.24. Theo thuyt bron-stet, vit PTHH chng t:

22a. NH3 , NO2 , S2- ,SO3 ; CO3 ; CH 3COO - la baz.

b. NH + ; HCl la axit. 4
c. H 2 O, Zn(OH)2 , Al (OH)3 ,Cr(OH)3 , Pb(OH)2 , HS- ,HCO3 ,HSO3 lng tnh.

Dng 6: Bi tp bo ton in tch

BT 1.25. Mt dung dch c cha cc ion: Mg2+ 0,05 mol, K+0,15 mol, NO3- 0,1 mol, v SO42- x mol. Tnh gi tr ca x .
A x 0,075

BT 1.26. Mt dung dch cha 0,02 mol Cu2+, 0,03 mol K+, x mol Cl- v y mol SO42-. Tng khi lng mui khan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Tnh gi tr x v y.
A x 0,03 y 0,02

BT 1.27. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch X cha NH4+; SO42- v NO3-, un nng nh .Sau phn ng thu c 11,65g gam kt ta v 4,48 lt kh thot ra (ktc). Tnh tng khi lng (gam) mui trong X .
A mhhmuoi 14,6g

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Lp 11 nng cao 2012-2013

; 0,02 mol SO2va x mol NO3 . BT 1.28. Dung dch X cha 0,01mol Fe2+ ; 0,02 mol NH+ 4 4 a. Tnh ga tr x. b. Trn dd X vi 100ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,3M c m gam kt ta v V lt kh (kc). Tnh m v V.

A a. x 0,01 b. m 5,73g V 4,48 lit

BT 1.29. Dung dch X cha cc ion: Fe3+, SO42-, NH4+, Cl-. Chia dung dch X thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c 0,672 lt kh ( ktc) v 1,07 gam kt ta. - Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl2, thu c 4,66 gam kt ta. Tng khi lng cc mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch X l (qu trnh c cn ch c nc bay hi).
A mmuoi 7,46g

Dng 7: bi tp gii bng phng php ion rt gn

BT 1.30. Hn hp dd X gm NaOH 0,1M v KOH 0,1M. Trn 100ml dd X vi 100ml dd H2SO4 0,2M. Thu c dd A. a. Tnh nng cc ion trong ddA. b. Tinh pH dd A.
A pH 1

BT 1.31. Trn 100m dd FeCl3 0,1M vi 500ml dd NaOH 0,1M thu c dd D v m gam kt ta. a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dd D. b. Tnh m.
A m 10,7g

BT 1.32. Cho dd A gm: H2SO4 0,015M; HCl 0,03M; HNO3 0,04M. Tnh th tch NaOH 2M trung ha ht 200ml ddA.
A 10ml.

BT 1.33. trung ha 500ml ddX gm: HCl 0,1M v H2SO4 0,3M cn bao nhiu ml dd cha hn hp NaOH 0,3M v BaOH 0,2M?
A 500 ml.

BT 1.34. Trn 100ml dd gm: Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400ml H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125 thu c dd X. Tnh pH dd X.
A pH 2

BT 1.35. Cho dd A gm: HCl v H2SO4 . Trung ha 1000ml ddA th cn 400ml dd NaOH 0,5M. C cn dd to thnh th thu c 12,95 gam mui. a. Tnh nng cc ion trong dd A. b. tnh pH ca ddA.
A pH 0,699

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Lp 11 nng cao 2012-2013

BT 1.36. a. Cn bao nhiu th tch nc cho vo dd c pH=3 thnh dd c pH = 4. b. Cn pha long dung dch c pH =12 thnh bao nhiu ln c dung dch c pH =10.
A a. VH O 9Vdd b. 100 lan (VH O 99Vdd ).
2 2

Dng 7: Bi tp v hidroxit lng tnh

BT 1.37*. Tnh khoi lng ket tua thu c khi cho 200 ml dung dch ZnCl2 0,25M vao a. 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,25 M b. 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,35 M c. 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M
A a. m 2,475g b. m 3,465g c. m 0 g

BT 1.38*. Tnh khoi lng ket tua thu c khi cho 300 ml dung dch KOH 1,75M vao a. 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,05 M b. 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,375 M c. 200 ml dung dch Al(NO3)3 0,525M
A a. m 24,75g b. m 5,85g c. m 0 g

BT 1.39*. Cho dung dch KOH 2M vao 140 ml dung dch ZnSO 4 0,5M. Tnh the tch dung dch KOH khi a. Thu c ket tua ln nhat. b. Thu c ket tua nho nhat. c. Thu c 5,94 gam ket tua.
A a. 70ml b. 140ml c. 60ml or 80ml.

BT 1.40*. Hoa tan hoan toan 26,64 gam Al2(SO4)3.18H2O vao nc c dung dch A. Chia dung dch A thanh 2 phan bang nhau. a. Tnh the tch dung dch NaOH 0,2M cho vao phan 1 e o Thu c lng ket tua ln nhat? Tnh khoi lng ket tua? o Thu c lng ket tua nho nhat? b. Cho 200 ml dung dch KOH x mol/lit vao phan 2 th thu c 1,17 gam ket. Tm x.
A a. 300ml ,1,56g and 400ml b. 0,225M or 0,325M.

KIM TRA THAM KHO

S 1 KIM TRA 1 TIT LN 1 Thi gian lm bi: 45 pht
Cu 1: (1 ,5im) Dung dch NH3 0,1M . Tnh pH ca dung dch ny bit 250C Kb = 1,8.10-5 Cu 2: (1,0 im) Xc nh cc hp cht v ion sau y c tnh axit , baz, lng tnh, hay trung tnh theo Bronsted v gii thch : Na+ ; HSO4- ; HCO3- ; S2- ; Sn(OH)2

Trng THPT Phan Bi Chu

Lp 11 nng cao 2012-2013

Cu 3: Vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca cc phn ng (nu c) xy ra trong dung dch gia cc cp cht sau : (2,5 im) a) Na2S +Cu(NO3)2 b) Cr(OH)3 + NaOH c) KNO3 + CaCl2 d) K3PO4 + HNO3 e) CO2+ NaOH ( 1:1) f) MgCO3 +H2SO4 Cu 4: (2,0im) Dung dch G cha cc ion Mg2+ ; SO42- ; NH4+ ; Cl-. Chia G thnh hai phn bng nhau : Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th c 0,58g kt ta v 0,672 lt kh (kc) Phn 2: Cho tc dng dung dch BaCl2 d thu c 4,66g kt ta a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc dng ion thu gn? b) Tnh tng khi lng cht rn khi c cn G ? Cu 5: (1,5 im) Dung dch axit HF 0,1M c hng s phn li l 6,96.10-4. Tnh in li ca axit ? Cu 6: (1,5 im) Ha tan 91,6g mui Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O vo nc thu c 200ml dung dch A. Tnh nng mol /lt cc ion trong dung dch A? S 2 KIM TRA LP 11 NC Cu 1: (2) Vit phng trnh phn ng dng phn t, ion y v ion thu gn ca cc phn ng (nu c) sau: a) AgNO3 + CaCl2 b) NaHCO3 + H2SO4 c) Cu(OH)2 + HNO3 c) Al(OH)3 + NaOH(dd) Cu 2: (2) Gii thch mi trng cc dung dch: FeSO4 , CH3COONa , NH4NO3 , BaCl2 , KHSO4. Cu 3: (1) Theo thuyt bronsted, vit PTHH chng minh Sn(OH)2 lng tnh. Cu 4: (4)Trn ln 200ml dung dch H2SO4 0,35M vi 400ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,15M v NaOH 0,2M , thu c dung dch Y. Hy tnh: a) Khi lng kt ta thu c sau phn ng. b) pH ca dung dch Y. Cu 5: (1) Hy tnh pH v in li ca dung dch HClO 0,1 M (bit Ka = 4. 10-8).