Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.

H
L THUYT V BI TP CHNG I: S IN LI
A. TM TT L THUYT CHNG I:
I. S IN LI:
1. S in li: l qu trnh phn li cc cht trong nc ra ion.
2. Cht in li: l nhng cht tan trong nc phn li ra c ion. (AXIT, BAZ, MUI).
Dung dch trong nc ca cc cht in li s dn in c.
3. Phng trnh in li:
AXIT

CATION H
+
+ ANION GC AXIT
BAZ

CATION KIM LOI + ANION OH

-
MUI

CATION KIM LOI + ANION GC AXIT.

V d: HCl

H
+
+ Cl
-
; NaOH

Na
+
+ OH
-
; K
2
SO
4

2K
+
+ SO
4
2-
Ghi ch: Phng trnh in li ca cht in li yu c biu din bng

(Xem phn II)

4. Cc h qu:
-Trong mt dung dch, tng ion dng = tng ion m.
Vd1: Mt dung dch c cha: a mol Na
+
, b mol Al
3+
, c mol Cl
-
v d mol SO
4
2-
. Tm biu thc quan h gia a, b, c,
d?
S: a + 3b = c + 2d.
-Dung dch c tng nng cc ion cng ln th cng dn in tt.
Vd2: Trong cc dung dch sau c cng nng sau, dung dch no dn in tt nht ?
A. NaCl. B. CaCl
2
. C. K
3
PO
4
. D. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.
p n: D
-Tng s gam cc ion s bng tng s gam cc cht tan c trong dung dch .
Vd3: Mt dung dch c cha: a mol Na
+
, b mol Al
3+
, c mol Cl
-
v d mol SO
4
2-
. Tm khi lng cht tan trong dung
dch ny theo a,b, c, d ?
S: 23a + 27b + 35,5c + 96d.
II. PHN LOI CC CHT IN LI:
1. in li: (

)
0
n
n

K: 0 <

1.
n: s phn t ho tan; n
0
: s phn t ban u.
2. Cht in li mnh v cht in li yu:
a. Cht in li mnh: L nhng cht khi tan trong nc, cc phn t ho tan u phn li ra ion ( 1 ,
phng trnh biu din

).
Axit mnh: HCl, HNO
3
, HClO
4
, H
2
SO
4
, HBr, HI,
Baz mnh: KOH, NaOH, Ba(OH)
2
,
Mui: Hu ht cc mui (tr HgCl
2
, Hg(CN)
2
).
VD: HCl

H
+
+ Cl
-
. NaOH

Na
+
+ OH
-
. K
2
SO
4

2K
+
+ SO
4
2-
.
b. Cht in li yu: L nhng cht khi tan trong nc, ch c mt phn s phn t ho tan phn li ra ion
(0 <

< 1, phng trnh biu din

).
Axit yu: CH
3
COOH, HClO, H
2
S, HF, H
2
SO
3
, H
2
CO
3
,
Baz yu: Mg(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
, NH
3
,
VD: CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+
; H
2
S H
+
+ HS
-
;
HS
-

H
+
+ S
2-
; Mg(OH)
2

Mg(OH)
+
+ OH
-
; Mg(OH)
+

Mg
2+
+ OH
-
Cn bng in li:
Bi tp chng S IN LI 1
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H

VD: HF H
+
+ F
-
+ -
a
[H ].[F ]
K
[HF]

H
2
S H
+
+ HS
-
+ -
1
2
[H ].[HS ]
K
[H ] S

HS
-
H
+
+ S
2-
+ 2-
2 -
[H ].[S ]
K
[HS ]

* nh hng ca s pha trn n in li

: Khi pha long

tng.
III. AXIT, BAZ V MUI:
1. Axit v baz theo thuyt A-R-NI-UT:
Axit:
2
H O
H
+

; Baz
2
H O
OH

*Axit nhiu nc:

VD: H
3
PO
4
H
+
+ H
2
PO
4
-
+ -
2 4
1
3 4
[H ].[H PO ]
K
[H PO ]

H
2
PO
4
-
H
+
+ HPO
4
2-
+ 2-
4
2 -
2 4
[H ].[HPO ]
K
[H PO ]

HPO
4
2-
H
+
+ PO
4
3-
+ 3-
4
3 2-
4
[H ].[PO ]
K
[HPO ]

* Baz nhiu nc:

VD: Mg(OH)
2

Mg(OH)
+
+ OH
-
; Mg(OH)
+

Mg
2+
+ OH
-
*Hiroxit lng tnh:
A(OH)
n
: Zn(OH)
2
, Pb(OH)
2
, Sn(OH)
2
, Cu(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
, Cr(OH)
3
.
Phn li theo kiu baz:
VD: Zn(OH)
2
Zn
2+
+ 2OH
-
; Al(OH)
3
Al
3+
+ 3OH
-
Phn li theo kiu axit:
VD: Zn(OH)
2
ZnO
2
2-
+ 2H
+
; Al(OH)
3
AlO
2
-
+ H
3
O
+
2. Axit, baz theo BRON-STT:
a. N: Axit Baz + H
+
hoc Axit + H
2
O Baz + H
3
O
+
.
Baz + H
2
O

Axit + OH
-
.
Axit l cht (hoc ion) nhng proton H
+
. Baz l cht (hoc ion) nhn proton.
VD: HF + H
2
O F
-
+ H
3
O
+
HF l axit, cn F
-
l baz.
NH
3
+ H
2
O

NH
4
+
+ OH
-
NH
3
l baz, NH
4
+
l axit.
HSO
3
-
+ H
2
O SO
3
2-
+ H
3
O
+
HSO
3
-
l axit, SO
3
2-
l baz.
HSO
3
-
+ H
2
O

H
2
SO
3
+ OH
-
HSO
3
-
l baz, cn H
2
CO
3
l axit.
Vy: HSO
3
-
l cht lng tnh.
Ch :
Anion gc axit cn H ca axit yu (H
2
CO
3
, H
2
SO
3
, H
2
S, H
3
PO
4
, ) u l cht lng tnh, cn anion
khng cn H ca axit yu u l baz.
b. Hng s phn li axit (K
a
) v baz (K
b
):
VD: CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+
K
a
=
+ -
3
3
[H ].[CH COO ]
[CH COOH]
CH
3
COOH + H
2
O CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+
K
a
=
+ -
3 3
3
[H O ].[CH COO ]
[CH COOH]
Bi tp chng S IN LI 2
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
VD: NH
3
+ H
2
O NH
4
+
+ OH
-
K
b
=
+ -
4
3
[NH ].[OH ]
[NH ]
VD: CO
3
2-
+ H
2
O HCO
3
-
+ OH
-
2-
3
- -
3
2- CO
3
[OH ].[HCO ]
K
[CO ]

c. Quan h gia K
a
v K
b
:
TQ: Axit

Baz + H
+
Hng s phn li axit K
a
, hng s phn li baz K
b
th
14
w
a
b b
K 10
K
K K

VD: HF

F
-
+ H
+
K
a
H
2
O H
+
+ OH
-
14
W
K 10

(1)
F
-
+ H
+
HF
a
1
K
(2)
(1) + (2)
F
-
+ H
2
O HF + OH
-
-
14
b
F
a
10
K K
K

d. S in li ca mui trong nc:
VD: Na
2
SO
4

2Na
+
+ SO
4
2-
+ -
3 3
- + 2-
3 3
NaHSO Na HSO
HSO H SO
+

' ;
+

Mui kp: NaCl.KCl

Na
+
+ K
+
+ 2Cl
-
.
Phc cht: [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]Cl
+ -
3 2 3 2
+ +
3 2 3
[Ag(NH ) ]Cl [Ag(NH ) ] Cl
[Ag(NH ) ] Ag 2NH
+

' ;
+

e. Mui axit, mui trung ho:

+Mui axit: L mui m gc axit cn H c kh nng cho proton.
+Mui trung ho: L mui m gc axit khng cn H c kh nng cho proton.
Ghi ch:
Nu gc axit cn H, nhng H ny khng c kh nng cho proton th cng l mui trung ho
VD: Na
2
HPO
3
, NaH
2
PO
2
d l gc axit cn H nhng vn l mui trung ho, v H ny khng c kh nng
cho proton.
H
3
PO
3
axit photphor (iaxit), H
3
PO
2
axit hipophotphor (monoaxit).
Axit hipophotphor Axit photphor
IV. pH CA DUNG DCH:
CNG THC MI TRNG
pH = - lg[H
+
]
pOH = - lg[OH
-
]
pH < 7

Mi trng axt
pH > 7

Mi trng baz
Bi tp chng S IN LI 3
P
H
O H
O
H P
O
O
O
H
H
H
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
[H
+
].[OH
-
] = 10
-14

pH + pOH = 14
pH = a [H
+
] = 10
-a
pOH = b [OH
-
] = 10
-b
pH = 7

Mi trng trung tnh

[H
+
] cng ln

Gi tr pH cng b
[OH
-
] cng ln

Gi tr pH cng ln
V. PHN NG TRAO I ION:
1. Phn ng trao i ion:
a. Dng thng gp:
MUI + AXIT

MUI MI + AXIT MI
K: -Axit mi l axit yu hn axit phn ng hoc mui mi khng tan.
MUI + BAZ

MUI MI + BAZ MI
K: Mui phn ng v baz phn ng phi tan, ng thi sn phm phi c t nht mt cht khng tan.
MUI + MUI

MUI MI + MUI MI
K: Hai mui phn ng phi tan, ng thi sn phm to thnh phi c t nht mt cht kt ta.
b. Cch vit phn ng ho hc dng ion:
-Phn li thnh ion dng v ion m i vi cc cht va l cht in li mnh, va l cht d tan.
-Cc cht cn li gi nguyn dng phn t.
VD1: 2NaOH + MgCl
2

2NaCl + Mg(OH)
2
(phn ng ho hc dng phn t)
2Na
+
+ 2OH
-
+ Mg
2+
+ 2Cl
-

2Na
+
+ 2Cl
-
+ Mg(OH)
2
(dng ion)
2OH
-
+ Mg
2+

Mg(OH)
2
(dng ion rt gn)
VD2: CaCO
3
+ 2HCl

CaCl
2
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O (dng phn t)
CaCO
3
+ 2H
+
+ 2Cl
-

Ca
2+
+ 2Cl
-
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O (dng ion)
CaCO
3
+ 2H
+

Ca
2+
+ CO
2
+ H
2
O (dng ion rt rn)
VD3: BaCl
2
+ Na
2
SO
4

2NaCl + BaSO
4
(dng phn t)
Ba
2+
+ 2Cl
-
+ 2Na
+
+ SO
4
2-

2Na
+
+ 2Cl
-
+ BaSO
4
(dng ion)
Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-

BaSO
4
(dng ion rt gn)
2. Phn ng thu phn mui:
Dng mui Phn ng thu phn pH ca dung dch
Mui to bi axit mnh vi baz
mnh
Khng thu phn pH = 7
Mui to bi axit mnh vi baz
yu
C thu phn (Cation kim loi b
thu phn, to mt axit)
pH < 7
Mui to bi axit yu vi baz
mnh
C thu phn ( Anion gc axit b
thu phn, to mt baz)
pH > 7
Mui to bi axit yu vi baz yu C thu phn (C cation kim loi
v anion gc axit u b thu
phn)
Tu vo K
a
, K
b
qu trnh thu phn
no chim u th, s cho mi
trng axit hoc baz.
VD1 (c bn): FeCl
2

Fe
2+
+ 2Cl
-
; Fe
2+
+ HOH

Fe(OH)
+
+ H
+
dd FeCl
2
c pH < 7.
VD2 (c bn): CH
3
COONa

CH
3
COO
-
+ Na
+
; CH
3
COO
-
+ HOH CH
3
COOH + OH
-

Suy ra dd CH
3
COONa c pH > 7.
Nng cao VD3: (NH
4
)
2
CO
3

2NH
4
+
+ CO
3
2-
NH
4
+
+ HOH

NH
3
+ H
3
O
+
K
a
CO
3
2-
+ HOH HCO
3
-
+ OH
-
K
b
So snh gi tr K
a
, K
b
Mi trng ca dd (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
.
Nng cao VD4: dd 1 ( dd NaHCO
3
); dd 2 ( dd NaH
2
PO
4
); dd 3 ( dd Na
2
HPO
4
). Hy xt mi trng ca 3 dung
dch ny ?
Bit: H
2
CO
3
c K
a1

= 4,5.10
-7
; K
a2

= 4,8.10
-11
v H
3
PO
4
c H
3
PO
4
c K
1
= 8.10
-3
, K
2
= 6.10
-8
, K
3
= 4.10
-13
.
HD:
NaHCO
3
Na
+
+
3
HCO

2
3 3 3
HCO HOH CO H O
+
+ + (1) K= K
a 2
= 4,8.10
-11
3 2 3
HCO HOH H CO OH

+ + (2) K = Kw.
1
1
a
K
= 10
-14
.
7
1
4, 5.10

= 2,2.10
-8
Bi tp chng S IN LI 4
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
Do: K (2) >> K (1) nn cn bng (2) l ch yu dd NaHCO
3
c mi trng baz (pH > 7)
NaH
2
PO
4
Na
+
+
2 4
H PO

2
2 4 4 3
H PO HOH HPO H O
+
+ + (1) K= K
2
= 6.10
-8
2 4 3 4
H PO HOH H PO OH

+ + (2) K = Kw.
1
1
K
= 10
-14
.
3
1
8.10

= 1,25.10
-12

Do: K (1) >> K (2) nn dung dch NaH
2
PO
4
c mi trng axit (pH < 7).
Na
2
HPO
4
2Na
+
+
2
4
HPO

2
4
HPO

+ HOH
3
4
PO

+ H
3
O
+
(1) K = K
3
= 4.10
-13
2
4
HPO

+ HOH
2 4
H PO

+ OH
-
(2) K = Kw.
2
1
K
= 10
-14
.
8
1
6.10

= 1,66.10
-7
Do: K (2) >> K (1) nn dung dch Na
2
HPO
4
c mi trng baz (pH > 7)
BI TP CHNG I: S IN LI

A. BI TP TRC NGHIM:
Cu 1: Cng thc ha hc ca cht m khi in li to ra ion Fe
3+
v NO
3
-
l
A. Fe(NO
3
)
2
. B. Fe(NO
3
)
3
. C. Fe(NO
2
)
2
. D. Fe(NO
2
)
3
.
Cu 2: Trong mt dung dch c cha 0,01 mol Ca
2+
, 0,01 mol Mg
2+
, 0,03 mol Cl
-
v x mol NO
3
-
Vy gi tr ca x l
A. 0,05 mol. B. 0,04 mol. C. 0,03 mol. D. 0,01 mol.
Cu 3: Khi lng cht rn khan c trong dung dch cha 0,01 mol Na
+
, 0,02 mol Mg
2+
, 0,03 mol Cl
-
v a mol
SO
4
2-
l
A. 2,735 gam. B. 3,695 gam. C. 2,375 gam. D. 3,965 gam.
Cu 4: Trng hp no sau y khng dn in c:
A. KCl rn, khan. B. Nc sng, h, ao.
C. Nc bin. D. dd KCl trong nc.
Cu 5: C 4 dung dch c cng nng mol: NaCl (1), C
2
H
5
OH (2), CH
3
COOH (3), K
2
SO
4
(4). Dy no sau y
c sp xp theo th t tng dn v dn in ca dung dch ?
A. (1), (2), (3), (4). B. (3), (2), (1), (4).
C. (2), (3), (1), (4). D. (2), (1), (3), (4).
Cu 6: C mt dung dch cht in li yu. Khi thay i nhit ca dung dch (nng khng i) th
A. in li v hng s in li u thay i.
B. in li v hng s in li u khng i.
C. in li thay i v hng s in li khng i.
D. in li khng i v hng s in li thay i.
Cu 7: C mt dung dch cht in li yu. Khi thay i nng ca dung dch (nhit khng i) th
A. in li v hng s in li u thay i.
B. in li v hng s in li u khng i.
C. in li thay i v hng s in li khng i.
D. in li khng i v hng s in li thay i.
Cu 8: Nh vi git dung dch HCl vo dung dch CH
3
COOH 1M th in li ca CH
3
COOH s bin i nh
th no ?
A. tng. B. gim.
C. khng i. D. lc u tng ri sau gim.
Cu 9: Nh vi git dung dch NaOH vo dung dch CH
3
COOH 1M th in li ca CH
3
COOH s bin i
nh th no ?
A. tng. B. gim.
C. khng i. D. lc u tng ri sau gim.
Cu 10: Chn pht biu ng ?
A. Cht in li mnh c in li = 1.
B. Cht in li yu c in li = 0.
C. Cht in li yu c in li 0 < < 1.
D. A v C u ng.
Cu 11: Trn 50 ml dung dch NaCl 0,1M vi 150 ml dung dch CaCl
2
0,2M. Vy nng ca ion Cl
-
trong dung
dch sau khi trn l
Bi tp chng S IN LI 5
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
A. 0,35M. B. 0,175M. C. 0,3M. D. 0,25M.
Cu 12: Trong mt cc nc cha a mol Ca
2+
, b mol Mg
2+
, c mol Cl

, v d mol HCO
3

. Lp biu thc lin h gia

a, b, c, d
A. a + b = c + d B. 2a + 2b = c + d C. 40a + 24b = 35,5c + 61d D. 2a + 2b = -c - d
Cu 13: Dung dch X c cha: a mol Ca
2+
, b mol Mg
2+
, c mol Cl

v d mol NO
3

,. Biu thc no sau y ng?

A. 2a 2b = c + d B. 2a + 2b = c + d C. 2a + 2b = c d D. a + b = 2c + 2d
Cu 14: Bao nhiu dung dch ch cha mt cht c to thnh t cc ion sau: Ba
+
, Mg
2+
, SO
4
2
, Cl

?
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1
Cu 15: C 4 dung dch, mi dung dch ch cha mt loi cation v mt loi anion. Cc loi ion trong 4 dung dch
gm: Ba
2+
, Mg
2+
, Pb
2+
, Na
+
, SO
4
2
, Cl

, CO
3
2
, NO
3

. l 4 dung dch g?
A. BaCl
2
, MgSO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
, Pb(NO
3
)
2
B. BaCO
3
, MgSO
4
, NaCl, Pb(NO
3
)
2
C. BaCl
2
, PbSO
4
, MgCl
2
, Na
2
CO
3
D. Mg(NO
3
)
2
, BaCl
2
, Na
2
CO
3
, PbSO
4

Cu 16: Ha tan 50 g tinh th ng sunfat ngm 5 pt nc vo nc c 200ml dd A. Tnh nng mol/l cc
ion c trong dd A
A. [Cu
2+
] = [SO
4
2
] = 1,5625M B. [Cu
2+
] = [SO
4
2
] = 1M
C. [Cu
2+
] = [SO
4
2
] = 2M D. [Cu
2+
] = [SO
4
2
] = 3,125M
Cu 17: Th tch dung dch NaCl 1,3M c cha 2,3gam NaCl l:
A. 13ml B. 30,2ml C. 3,9ml D. 177ml
Cu 18: Ha tan 5,85gam NaCl vo nc c 0,5 lt dung dch NaCl. Dung dch ny c nng mol l:
A. 1M B. 0,2M C. 0,4M D. 0,5M
Cu 19: Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,5M c cha s mol ion OH

bng s mol ion H

+
c trong 200ml dung
dch H
2
SO
4
1M?
A. 0,2 lt B. 0,1lt C. 0,4 lt D. 0,8 lt.
Cu 20: Ha tan 6g NaOH vo 44g nc c dd A c klng ring bng 1,12g/ml. Cn ly bao nhiu ml A c
s mol ion OH

bng 2.10
3
mol
A. 0,2ml B. 0,4ml C. 0,6ml D. 0,8ml
Cu 21: 2ml dd axit HNO
3
63% (d = 1,43) nc thu c 2 lt dung dch. Tnh nng H
+
ca dd thu c
A. 14,3M B. 0,0286M C. 0,0143M D. 7,15M
Cu 22: Trn ln 400ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M vo 100ml dung dch NaOH 20% (D = 1,25g/ml). Tnh nng
cc ion trong dung dch thu c
A. [Na
+
] = [OH

] = 6,75M B. [Na
+
] = [OH

] =1,65M
C. [Na
+
] = [OH

] = 3,375M D. [Na
+
] = [OH

] = 13,5M
Cu 23: Trn 2 th tch dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
0,2M vi 3 th tch dung dch azit H
2
SO
4
0,5M c dung dch
H
2
SO
4
c nng mol l:
A. 0,4M B. 0,25M C. 0,38M D. 0,15M
Cu 24:Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion c trong hn hp dung dch c to t 200ml dung dch NaCl 1M v
300ml dung dch CaCl
2
0,3M
A. [Na
+
] = 1M, [Ca
2+
] = 0,3M, [Cl

] = 1,6M
B. [Na
+
] = 1M, [Ca
2+
] = 0,3M, [Cl

] = 1,15M
C. [Na
+
] = 0,4M, [Ca
2+
] = 0,18M, [Cl

] = 0,76M
D. [Na
+
] = 0,4M, [Ca
2+
] = 0,18M, [Cl

] = 0,49M
Cu 25: Dung dch NaOH nng 2M (d = 1,08g/ml) c nng % l:
A. 6,5% B. 7,4% C. 8% D. 10,2%
Cu 26: Nng mol/l ca dung dch H
2
SO
4
l 60% (D = 1,503 g/ml) l:
Bi tp chng S IN LI 6
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
A. 6,2 B. 7,2 C. 8,2 D. 9,2
Cu 27: Khi lng dung dch axit H
2
SO
4
98% v khi lng H
2
O cn dng pha ch 300gam dung dch H
2
SO
4
36% tng ng l:
A. 98 v 202 gam B. 60 v 240gam C. 110,2 v 189,8 gam D. 92,5 v 207,5gam
Cu 28: T dung dch HCl 40%, c khi lng ring 1,198 g/ml, mun pha thnh dung dch HCl 2M th phi pha
long bao nhiu ln?
A. 6,56 ln B. 21,8 ln C. 10 ln D. 12,45 ln
Cu 29: Lng SO
3
cn thm vo dung dch H
2
SO
4
10% c 100gam dung dch H
2
SO
4
20% l:
A. 2,5gam B. 8,89gam C. 6,66gam D. 24,5gam
Cu 30: un nng 1 lt dung dch H
2
SO
4
40% (D = 1,3 g/ml) nc bay hi mt phn cho n khi cn 1000 gam
dung dch th ngng un. Nng % ca dung dch sau phn ng l:
A. 42% B. 52% C. 62% D. 73%
Cu 31: Nng % ca dung dch to thnh khi ha tan 39 gam kali kim loi vo 362 gam nc l:
A. 15,47% B. 13,97% C. 14% D. 14,04%
Cu 32: Theo Ahrenius th kt lun no sau y ng?
A. Baz l cht nhn proton B.Axit l cht khi tan trong nc phn ly cho ra cation H
+
C. Axit l cht nhng proton D.Baz l hp cht trong thnh phn phn t c mt hay nhiu nhm OH

Cu 33: Nhng kt lun no ng theo thuyt Arenius:

1. Mt hp cht trong thnh phn phn t c hidr l mt axit
2. Mt hp cht trong thnh phn phn t c nhm OH l mt baz
3. Mt hp cht trong thnh phn phn t c hidr v phn ly ra H
+
trong nc l mt axit
4. Mt hp cht trong thnh phn phn t c nhm OH v phn ly ra OH

trong nc l mt baz
A. 1,2 B. 3,4 C. 1,3 D. 2,4
Cu 34: Theo thuyt Arehinut, cht no sau y l axit?
A. NH
3
B. KOH C. C
2
H
5
OH D. CH
3
COOH
Cu 35: Theo thuyt Areniut th cht no sau y l axit?
A. HCl B. NaCl C. LiOH D. KOH
Cu 36: Theo thuyt Bronstet, H
2
O c coi l axit khi n:
A. cho mt electron B. nhn mt electron C. cho mt proton D. Nhn mt proton
Cu 37: Theo thuyt Bronstet, H
2
O c coi l baz khi n:
A. cho mt electron B. nhn mt electron C. cho mt proton D. Nhn mt proton
Cu 38: Theo thuyt Bronstet, cht no sau y ch l axit?
A. HCl B. HS

C. HCO
3

D. NH
3
.
Cu 39: Cht no sau y thuc loi axit theo Bronsted ?
A. H
2
SO
4
, Na
+
, CH
3
COO
-
B. HCl, NH
4
+
, HSO
4

C. H
2
S , H
3
O
+
, HPO
3
2-
D. HNO
3
, Mg
2+
, NH
3

Bi tp chng S IN LI 7
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
Cu 40: C bao nhiu baz trong s cc ion sau: Na
+
, Cl

, CO
3
2
, HCO
3

, CH
3
COO

, NH
4
+
, S
2
?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 41: Cho cc ion v cht c nh s th t nh sau:
1. HCO
3

2. K
2
CO
3
3. H
2
O 4. Cu(OH)
2
5. HPO
4
2
6. Al
2
O
3
7. NH
4
Cl
Theo Bronstet, cc cht v ion lng tnh l:
A. 1,2,3 B. 4,5,6 C. 1,3,5,6 D. 2,4,6,7
Cu 42: Dy cht v ion no sau y c tnh cht trung tnh?
A. Cl

, Na
+
, NH
4
+
, H
2
O B. ZnO, Al
2
O
3
, H
2
O C. Cl

, Na
+
D. NH
4
+
, Cl

, H
2
O
Cu 43: Phn ng axit baz l phn ng:
A. axit tc dng vi baz B. oxit axit tc dng vi baz
C. c s nhng, nhn proton D. c s dch chuyn electron t cht ny sang cht khc
Cu 44: Xt cc phn ng:
(1) Mg + HCl (2) CuCl
2
+ H
2
S (3) R + HNO
3
R(NO
3
)
3
+ NO
(4) Cu(OH)
2
+ H
+
(5) CaCO
3
+ H
+
(6) CuCl
2
+OH
(7) MnO
4

+ C
6
H
12
O
6
+ H
+
Mn
2+
+ CO
2
(8) Fe
x
O
y
+ H
+
+ SO
4
2
SO
2
+
(9) FeSO
4
+ HNO
3
(10) SO
2
+ 2H
2
S 3S + 2H
2
O
(11) Cu(NO
3
)
3
CuO + 2NO
2
+
2
1
O
2

Cc p no thuc loi p axt baz:

A. (4), (5), (6) B. (1), (4), (5), (6), (7)
C. (1), (4), (5) D. (4), (5), (6), (7), (8).
Cu 45: Trong cc phn ng di y, phn ng no nc ng vai tr l mt base?
A. HCl + H
2
O

H
3
O
+
+ Cl

. B. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
.
C. NH
3
+ H
2
O

NH
4
+
+ OH

. D. CuSO
4
+ 5H
2
O CuSO
4
.5H
2
O
Cu 46: Trong phn ng ha hc: HPO
4
2
+ H
2
O

PO
4
3
+ H
3
O
+
. Theo thuyt Bronstet th cp cht no sau y
l axit?
A. HPO
4
2
v PO
4
3
B. HPO
4
2
v H
3
O
+
C. H
2
O v H
3
O
+
. D. H
2
O v PO
4
3
.
Cu 47: Trong phn ng: H
2
S + NH
3

NH
4
+
+ HS

theo thuyt Bronstet th 2 axit l:

A. H
2
S v HS

B. H
2
S v NH
4
+
C. NH
3
v NH
4
+
D. NH
3
v HS

.
Cu 48: Cho bit phng trnh ion sau: HCO
3

+ H
2
O

CO
3
2
+ H
3
O
+
.
Theo Bronsted th cp cht no sau y u l axit?
A. HCO
3

v CO
3
2
B. HCO
3

v H
3
O
+
C. H
2
O v H
3
O
+
D. CO
3
2
v H
2
O
Cu 49: C phng trnh ha hc: NH
3
+ H
2
O

NH
4
+
+ OH

.
Bi tp chng S IN LI 8
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
Theo thuyt Bronstet, cc cht tham gia phn ng c vai tr nh th no?
A. NH
3
l axit, H
2
O l baz B. NH
3
l axit, H
2
O l cht lng tnh
C. NH
3
l baz, H
2
O l axit D. NH
3
l baz, H
2
O l cht lng tnh
Cu 50: Trong phn ng ha hc: 2HCO
3

H
2
CO
3
+ CO
3
2
.
Theo thuyt Bronstet, ion hidrocacbonat HCO
3

c vai tr l:
A. mt axit B. mt baz
C. mt axit v mt baz D. khng l axit, khng l baz
Cu 51: Trong cc phn ng di y, phn ng no nc ng vai tr l mt axit?
A. HCl + H
2
O

H
3
O
+
+ Cl

. B. Ca(HCO
3
)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
.
C. NH
3
+ H
2
O

NH
4
+
+ OH

. D. CuSO
4
+ 5H
2
O CuSO
4
.5H
2
O
Cu 52: Dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,10M c
A. pH = 1 B. pH < 1 C. pH > 1 D. [H
+
] > 2,0M
Cu 53: Phn ng no sau y l phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch c th dng iu ch HF?
A. CaF
2
+ 2HCl

CaCl
2
+ 2HF B. H
2
+ F
2

2HF
C. NaHF
2

NaF + HF D. CaF
2
+ H
2
SO
4

CaSO
4
+ HF
Cu 54: Ho tan 6,72 lt kh HCl (ktc) vo nc c 30l dung dch HCl. pH ca dung dch HCl thu c l
A. 0,3 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1
Cu 55: S ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 cn trung ho 10ml dung dch HCl c pH = 1 l
A. 12ml B. 10ml C. 100ml D. 1ml.
Cu 56: Cho 250ml dung dch Ba(NO
3
)
2
0,5M vo 100ml dung dch Na
2
SO
4
0,75M. Khi lng kt ta thu c
l
A. 29,125gam B. 11,65gam C. 17,475 gam D. 8,738gam
Cu 57: Cht khi tan trong nc to thnh dung dch dn in l
A. NaCl B. Saccaroz. C. C
2
H
5
OH D. C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
Cu 58: Dy gm nhng cht in li mnh l
A. KOH, HCN, Ca(NO
3
)
2
. B. CH
3
COONa, HCl, NaOH.
C. NaCl, H
2
S, CH
3
COONa. D. H
2
SO
4
, Na
2
SO
4
, H
3
PO
4
Cu 59: Dy gm cc cht in ly yu l
A. CH
3
COONa, HBr, HCN. B. HClO, NaCl, CH
3
COONa.
C. HBrO, HCN, Mg(OH)
2
. D. H
2
S, HClO
4
, HCN.
Cu 60: Dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,1M c
A. pH > 1 B. pH < 1 C. pH = 1 D. pH = 7.
Cu 61: Pht biu khng ng l
A. Cht khng in ly l nhng cht khi tan trong nc to thnh dung dch khng dn in c.
B. S in ly l qu trnh phn ly cc cht trong nc ra ion.
C. Nhng cht tan trong nc phn ly ra ion c gi l nhng cht in ly.
D. Axit, baz, mui l nhng cht in ly.
Cu 62: Trn 100ml dung dch Ba(NO
3
)
2
0,05M vo 100ml dung dch HNO
3
0,1M. Nng ion NO
3
-
trong dung
dch thu c l
A. 0,2M B. 0,1M C. 0,15M D. 0,05M
Cu 63: Cho cc phn ng :
(1): Zn(OH)
2
+ HCl

ZnCl
2
+ H
2
O; (2): Zn(OH)
2

ZnO + H
2
O;
(3): Zn(OH)
2
+ NaOH

Na
2
ZnO
2
+ H
2
O; (4): ZnCl
2
+ NaOH

ZnCl
2
+ H
2
O. Phn ng chng t Zn(OH)
2
c
tnh lng tnh l
A. (1) v (3). B. (2) v (4) C. (1) v (4). D. (2) v (3)
Cu 64: Dy gm nhng cht hiroxit lng tnh l
A. Ca(OH)
2
, Pb(OH)
2
, Zn(OH)
2
B. Ba(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
, Sn(OH)
2
C. Zn(OH)
2
, Al(OH)
3
, Sn(OH)
2
D. Fe(OH)
3
, Mg(OH)
2
, Zn(OH)
2
Cu 65: Cho cc dung dch axit: CH
3
COOH, HCl, H
2
SO
4
u c nng l 0,1M. dn in ca cc dung dch
c sp xp theo th t tng dn l
A. CH
3
COOH; HCl; H
2
SO
4
B. CH
3
COOH, H
2
SO
4
, HCl.
C. HCl, CH
3
COOH, H
2
SO
4
. D. H
2
SO
4
, CH
3
COOH, HCl.
Cu 66: Dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,1M c pH = a v dung dch HCl 0,1M c pH = b. Pht biu ng l
A. a < b =1. B. a > b = 1. C. a = b = 1. D. a = b > 1.
Bi tp chng S IN LI 9
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
Cu 67: Cho cc cht: NaHCO
3
, NaCl, NaHSO
4
, Na
2
HPO
3
, Na
2
HPO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
, CH
3
COONa. S mui axit l
A. 5 B. 3 C. 4 D. 2
Cu 68: Theo phng trnh ion thu gn, ion OH
-
c th phn ng vi cc ion
A. Fe
3+
, HSO
4
-
, Cu
2+
. B. Zn
2+
, Na
+
, Mg
2+
. C. H
2
PO
4
-
, K
+
, SO
4
2-
. D. Fe
2+
, Cl
-
, Al
3+
.
Cu 69: Khng th c dung dch cha ng thi cc ion
A. Ba
2+
, OH
-
, Na
+
, SO
4
2-
. B. K
+
, Cl
-
, OH
-
, Ca
2+
.
C. Ag
+
, NO
3
-
, Cl
-
, H
+
D. A v C ng.
Cu 70: Cc dung dch sau y c cng nng 0,1M. Dung dch dn in km nht l
A. HF B. HI C. HCl D. HBr
Cu 71: Pht biu khng ng l
A. Mi trng kim c pH < 7. B. Mi trng kim c pH > 7.
C. Mi trng trung tnh c pH = 7. D. Mi trng axit c pH < 7.
Cu 72: Ion H
+
khi tc dng vi ion no di y s c kh bay ra ?
A. CH
3
COO
-
B. CO
3
2-
. C. SO
4
2-
D. OH
-
Cu 73: Ion OH
-
khi tc dng vi ion no di y s cho kt ta?
A. Ba
2+
B. Cu
2+
C. K
+
D. Na
+
Cu 74: Cho cc dung dch: HCl, Na
2
SO
4
, KOH, NaHCO
3.
S cht tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
l
A. 2 B. 1 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 75: Cho cc cht : HCl, NaNO
3
, CuSO
4
, KOH. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch Na
2
S l
A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4
Cu 76: Phn ng to kt ta PbSO
4
no sau y khng phi l phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch?
A. Pb(CH
3
COO)
2
+ H
2
SO
4

PbSO
4
+ CH
3
COOH.
B. Pb(OH)
2
+ H
2
SO
4

PbSO
4
+ H
2
O
C. PbS + H
2
O
2

PbSO
4
+ H
2
O
D. Pb(NO
3
)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4

PbSO
4
+ NaNO
3

Cu 77: Trong cc cu pht biu sau, pht biu no l sai?
A.Cht in li l cht khi tan trong nc to thnh dung dch dn in.
B.Cht in li l cht khi nng chy to thnh cht dn in.
C.S in li l qu trnh phn li ca cc cht in li thnh ion.
D.S in li l qu trnh dn in ca cc cht in li.
Cu 78: Dung dch no di y c kh nng dn in?
A. Dung dch ng. B. Dung dch mui n.
C. Dung dch ancol. D. Dung dch benzen trong ancol.
Cu 79: Dy no di y ch gm cht in li mnh?
A. HBr, Na
2
S, Mg(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
. B. HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
, KOH, K
2
SiO
3
.
C. H
2
SO
4
, NaOH, Ag
3
PO
4
, HF. D. Ca(OH)
2
, KOH, CH
3
COOH, NaCl.
Cu 80: Phng trnh: S
2-
+ 2H
+
H
2
S l phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng
A. FeS + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
S. B. 2NaHSO
4
+ 2Na
2
S 2Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
S.
C. 2HCl + K
2
S 2KCl + H
2
S. D. BaS + H
2
SO
4
BaSO
4
+ H
2
S.
Cu 81: Cho cc cp cht sau: (I) Na
2
CO
3
v BaCl
2
; (II) (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
v Ba(NO
3
)
2
; (III) Ba(HCO
3
)
2
v K
2
CO
3
; (IV)
BaCl
2
v MgCO
3
. Nhng cp cht khi phn ng c cng phng trnh ion rt gn l
A. (I), (II), (III). B. (I). C. (I), (II). D. (I), (II), (III), (IV).
Cu 82: Phn ng ha hc no di y l phn ng trao i ion?
A. Fe + 2HCl FeCl
2
+ H
2
. B. Zn + CuSO
4
Cu + FeSO
4
.
C. H
2
+ Cl
2
2HCl. D. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O.
Cu 83: Phn ng no sau y khng phi l phn ng axit-baz?
A. HCl + KOH. B. H
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
. C. H
2
SO
4
+ CaO. D. HNO
3
+ Cu(OH)
2
.
Cu 84: Trn 200 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,05M vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,06M. pH ca dung dch to thnh l (
Coi H
2
SO
4
in li hon ton c 2 nc )
A. 2,4. B. 1,9. C. 1,6. D. 2,7.
Cu 85: Trn 150 ml dung dch hn hp cha Na
2
CO
3
1M v K
2
CO
3
0,5M vi 250 ml dung dch HCl 2M th th
tch kh CO
2
sinh ra ( ktc) l
A. 3,36 lt. B. 2,52 lt. C. 5,04 lt. D. 5,60 lt.
Cu 86: C 10 ml dung dch axit HCl c pH = 2,0. Cn thm bao nhiu ml nc ct thu c dung dch axit c
pH = 4,0.
A. 90,0 ml. B. 900,0 ml. C. 990,0 ml. D. 1000,0 ml.
Cu 87: Phn ng ha hc no di y khng phi l phn ng trao i ion?
A. Al + CuSO
4
. B. Pb(OH)
2
+ NaOH. C. BaCl
2
+ H
2
SO
4
. D. AgNO
3
+ NaCl.
Bi tp chng S IN LI 10
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
Cu 88: Phng trnh in li no di y c biu din ng?
A. NH
3
+ H
2
O NH
4
+
+ OH
-
. B. H
2
S H
+
+ HS
-
.
C. HF H
+
+ F
-
. D. CaCO
3
Ca
2+
+ CO
3
2-
.
Cu 89: i vi dung dch axit yu HNO
2
0,010M, nu b qua s in li ca nc th nh gi no sau y l
ng?
A. [H
+
] = 0,010M. B. [H
+
] > [NO
2
-
]. C. [H
+
] < 0,010M. D. [NO
2
-
] > 0,010M.
Cu 90: Dy no sau y gm cc mui axit?
A. NaHSO
4
, NaHSO
3
, K
2
HPO
3
, KHCO
3
.B. KHS, NaHS, KH
2
PO
3
, NaH
2
PO
4
.
C. NaHS, KHS, Na
2
HPO
3
, Na
2
HPO
4
. D. NaHCO
3
, KHSO
3
, KH
2
PO
2
, NaH
2
PO
4
.
Cu 91: Phn ng ha hc sau: 2HNO
3
+ Ba(OH)
2
Ba(NO
3
)
2
+ 2H
2
O c phng trnh ion rt gn l
A. H
3
O
+
+ OH
-
2H
2
O. B. 2H
+
+ Ba(OH)
2
Ba
2+
+ 2H
2
O.
C. H
+
+ OH
-
2H
2
O. D. 2HNO
3
+ Ba
2+
+ 2OH
-
Ba(NO
3
)
2
+ 2H
2
O.
Cu 92: Hiroxit no sau y khng phi hiroxit lng tnh?
A. Zn(OH)
2
. B. Al(OH)
3
. C. Ba(OH)
2
. D. Pb(OH)
2
.
Cu 93: Trong cc cp cht sau y, cp cht no cng tn ti trong dung dch?
A. HCl v NaHCO
3
. B. K
2
SO
4
v MgCl
2
. C. NaCl v AgNO
3
. D. NaOH v FeCl
2
.
Cu 94: Mt mu nc c pH = 3,82 th nng mol /l ca ion H
+
trong l
A. [H
+
] = 1,0.10
-3
M. B. [H
+
] = 1,0.10
-4
M. C. [H
+
] > 1,0.10
-4
M. D. [H
+
] < 1,0.10
-4
M.
Cu 95: Dung dch ca mt baz 25
0
C c
A. [H
+
] = 1,0.10
-7
M. B. [H
+
] > 1,0.10
-7
M. C. [H
+
] < 1,0.10
-7
M. D. [H
+
].[OH
-
] > 1,0.10
-14
.
Cu 96: Mt dung dch cha 0,20 mol Cu
2+
; 0,30 mol K
+
; a mol Cl
-
v b mol SO
4
2-
. Tng khi lng mui tan c
trong dung dch l 54,35 gam. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l
A. 0,30 v 0,20. B. 0,10 v 0,30. C. 0,20 v 0,50. D. 0,50 v 0,10.
Cu 97: Theo thuyt Bronstet, cu no di y l ng
A. Axit tc dng c vi mi baz B. Axit l cht c kh nng cho proton
C. Axit l cht in li mnh D. Axit l cht ho tan c mi kim loi
Cu 98: Cho dung dch cha cc ion sau: K
+
, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, Pb
2+
, H
+
, Cl

. Mun tch c nhiu cation ra khi

dung dch m khng a ion l vo dung dch, ta c th cho dung dch tc dng vi cht no trong cc cht sau
y:
A. Dung dch Na
2
CO
3
va B. Dung dch KOH va
C. Dung dch K
2
SO
4
va D. Dung dch K
2
CO
3
va .
Cu 99: Khi pha long dung dch mt axit yu cng iu kin nhit th in li ca n tng. Pht biu no
di y l ng
A. Hng s phn li axit K
a
gim B. Hng s phn li axit K
a
khng i
C. Hng s phn li axit K
a
tng D. Hng s phn li axit K
a
c th tng hoc gim
Cu 100: Mt dung dch c
10
OH 2, 5.10 M

1
]
. Mi trng ca dung dch l:
A. Kim B. Trung tnh
C. Axit D. Khng xc nh c
Cu 101: Theo nh ngha axit - baz ca Bronstet, cc cht v ion thuc dy no sau y l lng tnh
A. ZnO , Al
2
O
3
, HCO
3

, H
2
O B. NH
4
+
, HCO
3

, CH
3
COO

C. ZnO , Al
2
O
3
, HSO
4

, NH
4
+
D. CO
2
3

, CH
3
COO

Cu 102: Trn V
1
lt dung dch axit mnh (pH = 5) vi V
2
lt kim mnh (pH = 9) theo t l th tch no sau y
thu c dung dch c pH = 6
A.
1
2
V 1
V 1

B.
1
2
V 11
V 9

C.
1
2
V 8
V 11

D.
1
2
V 9
V 10

Cu 103: Dung dch HCl c pH = 3, cn pha long dung dch ny bng nc bao nhiu ln thu c dung dch
c pH = 4?
A. 10 ln B. 1 ln C. 12 ln D. 100 ln
Cu 104: Mun pha ch 300ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 10 th khi lng NaOH cn dng l bao nhiu (trong
cc s cho di y ( Cho H =1 , O=16 , Na =23 , NaOH phn li hon ton )
A. 1,2.10
3
gam B. 2,1.10
3
gam C. 1,4.10
3
gam D. 1,3.10
3
gam
Cu 105: Mt dung dch cha 2 cation Fe
2+
( 0,1 mol) v Al
3+
( 0,2 mol) v 2 anion Cl

( x mol) v SO
2
4

( y
mol ). Bit rng khi c cn dung dch thu c 46,9g cht rn khan. x v y c gi tr ln lt l :
A. 0,2 v 0,3 B. 0,15 v 0,3 C. 0,2 v 0,35 D. 0,3 v 0,4
Cu 106: Hy chn nhng ng:
Bi tp chng S IN LI 11
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li ch xy ra khi:
A. Mt s ion trong dung dch kt hp c vi nhau to thnh cht kt ta .
B. To thnh t nht mt cht in li yu, hoc cht t tan (cht kt ta hoc cht kh)
C. Cc cht tham gia phn ng l nhng cht d tan.
D. Cc cht tham gia phn ng l cht in li mnh.
Cu 107: Theo thuyt Bronstet th cu tr li no di y khng ng
A. Axit hoc baz c th l phn t hoc ion
B. Trong thnh phn ca baz phi c nhm -OH
C. Trong thnh phn ca axit c th khng c hiro
D. Trong thnh phn ca baz c th khng c nhm -OH
Cu 108: Theo nh ngha axit - baz ca Bronstet, cc cht v ion thuc dy no sau y l baz
A. NH
4
+
, HCO
3

, CH
3
COO

B. ZnO , Al
2
O
3
, HSO
4

C. CO
2
3

, CH
3
COO

D. HSO
4

, NH
4
+
Cu 109: Biu thc tnh hng s phn li axit trong dung dch nc ca CH
3
COOH theo Bron-stt l
A
-
3
3
[H ].[CH OO ]
.
[ OOH]
a
C
K
CH C
+
B.
3
+ -
3
[CH OOH]
[H ].[CH OO ]
a
C
K
C

C.
+
3
-
3
[H ].[CH OOH]
[ OO ]
a
C
K
CH C
D.
-
3 3
+
[CH OOH].[CH OO ]
[H ]
a
C C
K
Cu 110: Nhm cc mui no sau y u c phn ng thy phn ?
A. Na
2
CO
3
, NaCl, NaNO
3
. B. CuCl
2
, CH
3
COONa, KNO
3
.
C. CuCl
2
, CH
3
COONa, NH
4
Cl. D. Na
2
SO
4
, KNO
3
, AlCl
3
.
Cu 111: Cho 10,0 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M vo cc ng 15,0 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M. Dung dch to thnh s
lm cho
A. phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn thnh mu .
B. phenolphtalein khng mu chuyn thnh mu xanh.
C. giy qu tm ha .
D. giy qu tm khng chuyn mu.
Cu 112: Dung dch mui no sau y c pH > 7 ?
A. NaCl. B. Na
2
CO
3
. C. Ba(NO
3
)
2
. D. NH
4
Cl.
Cu 113: Cho cc cp cht sau: (1) K
2
CO
3
v BaCl
2
; (2) Ba(HCO
3
)
2
v Na
2
CO
3
; (3) (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
v Ba(NO
3
)
2
; (4)
Ba(NO
3
)
2
v CaCO
3
. Nhng cp cht khi phn ng c cng phng trnh ion rt gn l
A. (1), (2). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (3). D. (1), (3), (4).
Cu 114: Dung dch NaHSO
4
tn ti phn t v ion no:
A. H
2
O, NaHSO
4
, HSO
4
-
, Na
+
. B. H
2
O, HSO
4
-
, Na
+
, H
+
, SO
4
2-
.
C. H
2
O, Na
+
, HSO
4
-
. D. H
2
O, Na
+
, H
+
, SO
4
2-
.
Cu 115: Cho 1 lt dung dch NaOH c pH= 13 trn vi 1 lt dung dch HCl c pH=1 th thu c c pH l:
A. pH=12. B. pH= 6,5. C. pH= 2 D. pH= 7.
Cu 116: Cc ion no sau y c th tn ti trong cng mt dung dch:
A. Na
+
, Ca
2+
, CO
3
2-
, NO
3
-
. B. K
+
, Ag
+
, OH
-
, NO
3
-
.
C. Mg
2+
, Ba
2+
, NO
3
-
, Cl
-
. D. NH
4
+
, Na
+
, OH
-
, HCO
3
-
.
Cu 117: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH c pH= 13 tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,1 mol AlCl
3
thu c 3,9 gam kt
ta trng keo. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 1,5 lt. B. 3,5 lt. C. 1,5 lt hoc 3,5 lt. D. 1,5 lt hoc 4,5 lt.
Cu 118: Ti sao cc dung dch axit, baz v mui dn in c?
A. s chuyn dch ca cc electron B. s chuyn dch ca cc cation
C. s chuyn dch ca cc phn t ha tan D. s chuyn dch ca c cation v anion
Cu 119: Trong s cc cht sau y: H
2
S, SO
2
, Cl
2
, H
2
SO
3
, NaHCO
3
, C
6
H
12
O
6
, Ca(OH)
2
, HF, NaClO, C
6
H
6
. S cht
in li l
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D.6
Cu 120: C 4 dung dch (u c nng 0,1mol/lit). Mi dung dch cha mt trong bn cht tan sau: natri clorua,
ru etylic, axit acetic, kali sunfat. Kh nng dn in ca cc dung dch tng dn theo th t no trong cc th
t sau y?
A. NaCl < C
2
H
5
OH < CH
3
COOH < K
2
SO
4
. B. C
2
H
5
OH < CH
3
COOH < NaCl < K
2
SO
4
.
C. C
2
H
5
OH < CH
3
COOH < K
2
SO
4
< NaCl D. CH
3
COOH < NaCl < C
2
H
5
OH < K
2
SO
4
.
Cu 121: Dung dch cht in li dn in c l do s chuyn ng ca
A. Cc cation v anion. B. Cc cation v anion v cc phn t ha tan.
Bi tp chng S IN LI 12
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
C. Cc ion
+
H
v

OH . D. Cc ion nng chy phn li.

Cu 112: Cho cc cht sau: K
3
PO
4
, H
2
SO
4
, HClO, HNO
2
, NH
4
Cl, HgCl
2
, Sn(OH)
2
. Cc cht in li yu l:
A. HClO, HNO
2
, HgCl
2
, Sn(OH)
2
.
B. HClO, HNO
2
, K
3
PO
4
, H
2
SO
4
.
C. HgCl
2
, Sn(OH)
2
, NH
4
Cl, HNO
2
.
D. HgCl
2
, Sn(OH)
2
, HNO
2
, H
2
SO
4
.
Cu 123: Da vo nh lut bo ton in tch cho bit dung dch no sau y khng th tn ti ?
A. dung dch cha
+
Na
0,1M,
+ 2
Ba
0,1M,
+
K
0,15M,

Cl
0,25M,

3
NO 0,1M.
B. dung dch cha
+ 2
Ca
0,2M,
+
K
0,25M,

Cl
0,25M,

3
NO 0,4M.
C. dung dch cha
+
K
0,1M,
+
Na
0,2M,

3
NO 0,05M,

COO CH
3
0,05M,

Cl
0,2M.
D. dung dch cha
+ 2
Mg 0,2M,
+
K
0,1M,
+
4
NH 0,1M, 0,
2
4
SO 0,25M,

Cl
0,05M,

3
NO , 0,05M.
Cu 124: Theo Areniut nhng cht no sau y l hidroxit lng tnh
A. Al(OH)
3
B. Fe(OH)
2
.
C. Cr(OH)
2
.
D. Mg(OH)
2
.
Cu 125: Theo Areniut pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Hp cht c kh nng phn li ra ion
+
H
trong nc l axit.
B. Hp cht c cha nhm OH l hidroxit.
C. Hp cht c cha hir trong phn t l axit.
D. Hp cht c cha 2 nhm OH l hirxit lng tnh.
Cu 126: Gi tr tch s ion ca nc ph thuc vo
A. Nhit . B. p sut. C. Cht ha tan. D. Ion ha tan.
Cu 127: Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?
Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cht in li xy ra khi
A. C phng trnh ion thu gn
B. C s gim nng mt s cc ion tham gia phn ng
C. C sn phm kt ta, cht kh, cht in li yu.
D. Cc cht tham gia phi l cht in li
Cu 128: Cho 2 dung dch axit l HNO
3
v HClO c cng nng . Vy s so snh no sau y l ng?
A. [ ]
3
HNO < [ ] HClO . B. [ ]
3
H
HNO
+
> [ ]
HClO
H
+
.
C. [ ]

3
NO > [ ]

ClO . D. [ ]
3
H
HNO
+
= [ ]
HClO
H
+
.
Cu 129: cc vng t phn ngi ta bn vi lm
A. Tng pH ca t. B. Tng khong cht cho t.
C. Gim pH ca t. D. mi trng t n nh.
Cu 130: Phng trnh ion rt gn Cu
2+
+ 2OH
-
Cu(OH)
2

tng ng vi phn ng no sau y?

A. Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ Ba(OH)
2

B. CuSO
4
+ Ba(OH)
2

C. CuCO
3
+ KOH

D. CuS + H
2
S

Cu 131: Phng trnh phn ng Ba(H

2
PO
4
)
2
+ H
2
SO
4

BaSO
4
$+ 2H
3
PO
4
tng ng vi phng trnh ion
gn no sau y?
A. Ba
2+
+ 2H
2
PO
4
-
+ 2H
+
+ SO
4
2-

BaSO
4
+ 2H
3
PO
4
B. Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-

BaSO
4

C. H
2
PO
4
-
+ H
+

H
3
PO
4
D. Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2-
+ 3H
+
+ PO
4
3-

BaSO
4
+ H
3
PO
4
Cu 132: Cc cp cht no sau y c th tn ti trong mt dung dch ?
A. CH
3
COOK v BaCl
2
.
B. CaF
2
v H
2
SO
4
.
C. Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v KOH. D. CaCl
2
v Na
2
SO
4
.
Cu 133: tinh ch dung dch KCl c ln ZnCl
2
ta c th dng cht no di y ?
A. Cho lng KOH va . B. Cho KOH d.
C. Cho NaOH va . D.Cho NaOH d.
Cu 134: C 3 dung dch khng mu sau Ba(OH)
2
, BaCl
2
, K
2
S ch dng mt thuc th no sau y nhn bit ?
A. Pb(NO
3
)
2
.
B. Na
2
SO
4
.
C. K
2
CO
3
.
D. Phenolphtalein.
Cu 135: Phn ng no sau y khng phi l phn ng trao i ?
A. CuSO
4
+ KI

B. CuSO
4
+ K
2
SO
3

C. Na
2
CO
3
+ CaCl
2

D. CuSO
4
+ BaCl
2

Cu 136: Cc tp hp ion sau y c th tn ti ng thi trong cng mt dung dch

Bi tp chng S IN LI 13
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
A. Na
+
; Ca
2+
; Fe
2+
; NO
3
-
; Cl
-
B. Na
+
, Cu
2+
; Cl
-
; OH
-
; NO
3
-
C. Na
+
; Al
3+
; CO
3
2-
; HCO
3
-
; OH
-
D. Fe
2+
; Mg
2+
; OH
-
; Zn
2+
; NO
3
-
Cu 137: Cho phng trnh phn ng FeSO
4
+ ?

Na
2
SO
4
+ ?. Cc cht thch hp ln lt l
A. NaOH v Fe(OH)
2
B. NaOH v Fe(OH)
3
C. KOH v Fe(OH)
3
D. KOH v Fe(OH)
2
Cu 138: Theo Bronsted nhng cht no sau y c tnh axit ?
A. HSO
4
-
, NH
4
Cl, Al
3+
. B. Cu(OH)
2
, AlO
2
-
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. Na
2
SO
4
. D. HCO
3
-
, H
2
O, Al
2
O
3
, ZnO, Be(OH)
2
, CH
3
COONH
4
.
Cu 139: Theo Bronsted nhng cht no sau y c tnh baz ?
A. HSO
4
-
, NH
4
Cl, Al
3+
. B. Cu(OH)
2
, AlO
2
-
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. Na
2
SO
4
. D. HCO
3
-
, H
2
O, Al
2
O
3
, ZnO, Be(OH)
2
, CH
3
COONH
4
.
Cu 140: Theo Bronsted nhng cht no sau y l trung tnh ?
A. HSO
4
-
, NH
4
Cl, Al
3+
. B. Cu(OH)
2
, AlO
2
-
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. Na
2
SO
4
. D. HCO
3
-
, H
2
O, Al
2
O
3
, ZnO, Be(OH)
2
, CH
3
COONH
4
.
Cu 141: Theo Areniut hiroxit no sau y c tnh lng tnh ?
A. Zn(OH)
2
. B. Pb(OH)
2
. C. Al(OH)
3
. D. Tt c.
Cu 142: Cu no sai khi ni v pH v pOH ca dung dch ?
A. pH = -lg[H
+
]. B. [H
+
] = 10
a
th pH = a.
C. pOH = -lg[OH
-
]. D. pH + pOH = 14.
Cu 143: Mui axit l:
A. Mui c kh nng phn ng vi baz. B. Mui vn cn hiro trong phn t.
C. Mui to bi axit yu v baz mnh. D.Mui vn cn hiro c kh nng phn li ra cation H
+
Cu 144: Mui trung ho l :
A. Mui m dung dch c pH = 7.
B. Mui khng cn hiro trong phn t.
C. Mui c kh nng phn ng vi axit v baz.
D. Mui khng cn hiro c kh nng b thay th bi kim loi.
Cu 145: Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li ch c th xy ra khi c t nht mt trong cc iu
kin no sau y ?
A. To thnh mt cht kt ta. B. To thnh cht in li yu.
C. To thnh cht kh. D. Mt trong ba iu kin trn.
Cu 146: Trong cc cht sau, cht no l cht in li yu ?
A. H
2
O. B. HCl. C. NaOH. D. NaCl.
Cu 147: Nc ng vai tr g trong qu trnh in li cc cht trong nc ?
A. Mi trng in li. B. Dung mi khng phn cc.
C. Dung mi phn cc. D. To lin kt hiro vi cc cht tan.
Cu 148: Chn dy cc cht in ly mnh trong s cc cht sau :
a. NaCl. b. Ba(OH)
2
. c. HNO
3
. d. HF. e. Cu(OH)
2
. f. HCl.
A. a, b, c, f. B. a, d, e, f. C. b, c, d, e. D. a, b, c, e.
Cu 149: Chn nh ngha axit theo quan im ca Bronsted.
A. Axit l cht ho tan c mi kim loi. B. Axit l cht tc dng c vi mi baz.
C. Axit l cht cho proton. D. Axit l cht in li mnh.
Cu 150: Chn pht biu ng nht khi ni v Zn(OH)
2
. Zn(OH)
2
l :
A. Cht lng tnh. B. Hiroxit lng tnh.
C. Baz lng tnh. D. Hiroxit trung ho.
Cu 151: Dy cht no di y va tc dng vi dung dch HCl va tc dng vi dung dch NaOH ?
A. Pb(OH)
2
, ZnO, Fe
2
O
3
. B. Al(OH)
3
, Al
2
O
3
, Na
2
CO
3
.
C. Na
2
SO
4
, HNO
3
, Al
2
O
3
. D. Na
2
HPO
4
, ZnO, Zn(OH)
2
.
Cu 152: Theo Bronsted, ion no sau y l ion lng tnh ?
A. PO
4
3-
B. CO
3
2-
C. HPO
3
2-
. D. HCO
3
-
Cu 153: Cho cc axit sau :
(1) H
3
PO
4
(K
a
= 7,6.10
-3
); (2) HOCl (K
a
= 5,10
-8
); (3) CH
3
COOH (K
a
= 1,8.10
-5
); (4) HSO
4
-
(K
a
= 10
-2
).
Dy no sp xp mnh ca cc axit theo th t tng dn ?
A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4). B. (4) < (2) < (3) < (1). C. (2) < (3) < (1) < (4). D. (3) < (2) < (1) < (4).
Cu 154: Chn pht biu ng trong s cc pht biu sau y ?
A. Gi tr pH tng th axit gim. B. Gi tr pH tng th axit tng.
C. Dung dch c pH < 7 lm qu tm ho xanh. D. Dung dch c pH >7 lm qu tm ho .
Cu 155: Cho cc dung dch c nh s th t nh sau:
Bi tp chng S IN LI 14
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
1. KCl. 2. Na
2
CO
3
. 3. CuSO
4
. 4. CH
3
COONa. 5. Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
6. NH
4
Cl. 7.NaBr. 8. K
2
S.
Chn phng n trong dung dch c pH < 7 ?
A. 1, 2, 3. B. 3, 5, 6. C. 6, 7, 8. D. 2, 4, 6.
Cu 156: Cho cc ion v cht c nh s th t nh sau :
1. HCO
3
-
. 2. K
2
CO
3
. 3. H
2
O. 4. Cu(OH)
2
. 5. HPO
4
2-
. 6. Al
2
O
3
. 7. NH
4
Cl. 8. HCO
3
-
Theo Bronsted, cc cht v ion lng tnh l :
A. 1, 2, 3. B. 4, 5,6. C. 1, 3, 5, 6, 8. D. 2, 4, 6,7.
Cu 157: Cho dung dch cha cc ion : K
+
, Ca
2+
, H
+
, Cl
-
, Ba
2+
, Mg
2+
. Nu khng a ion l vo dung dch, dng
cht no sau y tch nhiu ion nht ra khi dung dch ?
A. Dung dch Na
2
SO
4
va . B. Dung dch K
2
CO
3
va .
C. Dung dch NaOH va . D. Dung dch Na
2
CO
3
va .
Cu 158: Chn cu ng nht trong cc cu sau y khi ni v phn ng axit - baz theo Bronsted. Phn ng axit -
baz l phn ng :
A. Axit tc dng vi baz. B. Oxit axit tc dng vi oxit baz.
C. C s nhng nhn proton. D. C s dch chuyn electron t cht ny sang cht khc
Cu 159: Cu no sau y ng khi ni v s in li ?
A. S in li l s ho tan mt cht vo nc thnh dung dch.
B. S in li l s phn li mt cht di tc dng ca dng in.
C. S in li l s phn li mt cht thnh ion dng v ion m khi tan trong nc hay trng thi nng
chy.
D. S in li l qu trnh oxi ho - kh.
Cu 160: Theo nh ngha v axit - baz ca Bronsted c bao nhiu ion trong s cc ion sau y l baz : Na
+
, Cl
-
,
CO
3
2-
, HCO
3
-
CH
3
COO
-
, NH
4
+
, S
2-
?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 161: Trong cc dung dch sau y : K
2
CO
3
, KCl, CH
3
COONa, NH
4
Cl, NaHSO
4
, Na
2
S. C bao nhiu dung dch
c pH > 7 ?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 162: Theo nh ngha v axit - baz ca Bronsted th c bao nhiu ion l baz trong s cc ion sau y: Ba
2+
,
Br
-
, NO
3
-
, C
6
H
5
O
-
, NH
4
+
, CH
3
COO
-
, SO
4
2-
?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 163: Trong cc cp cht no sau y, cp cht no cng tn ti trong dung dch ?
A. AlCl
3
v Na
2
CO
3
. B. HNO
3
v NaHCO
3
. C. NaAlO
2
v KOH. D. NaCl v AgNO
3
.
Cu 164: C bn l ng bn dung dch mt nhn l : AlCl
3
, NaNO
3
, K
2
CO
3
, NH
4
NO
3
. Ch dng mt cht no
di y nhn bit 4 dung dch trn ?
A. Dung dch NaOH. B. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
. C. Dung dch Ba(OH)
2
. D. Dung dch AgNO
3
.
Cu 165: Cc cht no trong dy cht no sau y va tc dng vi dung dch kim mnh va tc dng vi dung
dch axit mnh ?
A. Al(OH)
3
, (NH
2
)
2
CO, NH
4
Cl. B. NaHCO
3
, Zn(OH)
2
, CH
3
COONH
4
.
C. Ba(OH)
2
, AlCl
3
, ZnO. D. Mg(HCO
3
)
2
, FeO, KOH.
Cu 166: Cho cc cht rn sau : CuO, Al
2
O
3
, ZnO, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb(OH)
2
. Dy cht c th tan ht trong dung
dch KOH d l :
A. Al, Zn, Cu. B. Al
2
O
3
, ZnO, CuO. C. Fe, Pb(OH)
2
, Al
2
O
3
. D. Al, Zn, Al
2
O
3
, ZnO.
Cu 167: Dy cht v ion no sau y c tnh cht trung tnh ?
A. Cl
-
, Na
+
, NH
4
+
, H
2
O. B. ZnO, Al
2
O
3
, H
2
O. C. Cl
-
, Na
+
. D. NH
4
+
, Cl
-
, H
2
O.
Cu 168: in li ca cht in li ph thuc vo nhng yu t no sau y ?
A. Bn cht ca in li. B. Bn cht ca dung mi.
C. Nhit v nng ca cht tan. D. Tt c cc trn.
Cu 169: dn in ca dung dch axit CH
3
COOH thay i nh th no nu tng nng ca axit t 0 n
100% ?
A. dn in tng t l thun vi nng axit. B. dn in gim.
C. Ban u dn in tng sau dn in gim. D. Ban u dn in gim, sau tng.
Cu 170: Hy d on hin tng xy ra khi thm t t dung dch Na
2
CO
3
vo dung dch mui FeCl
3
?
A. C kt ta mu nu . B. C bt kh si ln.
C. C kt ta mu lc nht. D. A v B ng.
Cu 171: Ngi ta la chn phng n no sau y tch ring cht rn ra khi hn hp phn ng gia cc dung
dch Na
2
CO
3
v CaCl
2
?
A. C cn dung dch. B. Chit. C. Chng ct. D. Lc.
Cu 172: Phng trnh ion rt gn H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O biu din bn cht ca phn ng ho hc no di y ?
Bi tp chng S IN LI 15
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
A. HCl + NaOH H
2
O + NaCl. B. NaOH + NaHCO
3
H
2
O + Na
2
CO
3
.
C. H
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
2HCl + BaSO
4
. D. Cu A v B ng.
Cu 173: Trong cc phn ng di y phn ng no trong nc ng vai tr l mt axit theo Bronsted?
A. HCl + H
2
O H
3
O
+
+Cl
-
. B. NH
3
+ H
2
O NH
4
+
+ OH
-
.
C. CuSO
4
+5H
2
O CuSO
4
.5H
2
O. D. H
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O H
3
O
+
+ HSO
4
-
.
Cu 174: V sao dung dch ca cc dung dch axit, baz, mui dn c in ?
A. Do axit, baz, mui c kh nng phn li ra ion trong dung dch.
B. Do cc ion hp phn c kh nng dn in.
C. Do c s di chuyn ca electron to thnh dng electron.
D. Do phn t ca chng dn c in.
Cu 175: Saccaroz l cht khng in li v :
A. Phn t saccaroz khng c tnh dn in.
B. Phn t saccaroz khng c kh nng phn li thnh ion trong dung dch.
C. Phn t saccroz khng c kh nng hirat ho vi dung mi nc.
D. Tt c cc l do trn.
Cu 176: Cht no sau y l cht in li ?
A. Ru etylic. B. Nc nguyn cht. C. Axit sunfuric. D. Glucoz.
Cu 177: Dung dch cht no sau y khng dn in ?
A. CH
3
OH. C. CuSO
4
. C. NaCl. D. AgCl.
Cu 178: Ion Na
+
.nH
2
O c hnh thnh khi :
A. Ho tan NaCl vo nc. B. Ho tan NaCl vo dung dch axit v c long.
C. Nung NaCl nhit cao. D. Ho tan NaCl vo ru etylic.
Cu 179: Dy cht no di y u l cht in li mnh ?
A. HCl, NaOH, NaCl. B. HCl, NaOH, CH
3
COOH.
C. KOH, NaCl, HgCl
2
. D. NaNO
3
, NaNO
2
, HNO
2
.
Cu 180: C bao nhiu dung dch ch cha mt cht c to thnh t cc ion sau: Ba
2+
, Mg
2+
, SO
4
2-
, Cl
-
?
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Cu 181: Cho 0,011 mol NH
4
Cl vo 100 ml dd NaOH c pH=12 . un si dd, sau lm ngui v thm vo vi
git phenol phtalein. Hy tm xem trong s cc kt lun di y, no m t cha ng hin tng ca th
nghim trn?
A. Dung dch c mu hng khi nh phenolphtalein vo.
B. Dung dch khng c mu khi nh phenolphtalein vo.
C. Khi un si dd c kh thot ra lm ho mui mu trng mt a c tm dd HCl c.
D. Khi un si dd c kh mi khai thot ra.
Cu 182:Mt dd c nng ion hirxit l 1,4.10
-4
M, th nng ion H
3
O
+
trong dd bng bao nhiu?
A. 7,2.10
-11
M B. 1.10
-14
M C. 1,4.10
-10
M D. 7,2.10
-15
M
Cu 183: pH ca dd c nng ion H
3
O
+
bng 1,2 .10
-4
M l:
A. 3,8 B. 8,2 C. 3,92 D. 10,08
Cu 184: pH ca dd HCN 0,01M (K
a
= 4.10
-10
) l:
A. 10,3 B. 8,3 C. 3,7 D. 5,7
Cu 185: pH ca dd CH
3
COOH 1M l 3,5. Hy xc nh phn trm ion ho ca axt axtic :
A. 3,1 B. 0,31 C. 3,5 D. 0,031
Cu 186: Mt dd axit H
2
SO
4
c pH=4.Hy xc nh nng mol/l ca dd axit trn.
A. 5.10
-4
M B. 1.10
-4
M C. 5.10
-5
M D. 2.10
-4
M
Cu 187: Trn ln 50 ml dd HCl 0,12M vi 50 ml dd NaOH 0,1M .Vy pH ca dd thu c bng bao nhiu?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 1
Cu 188: Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03 M c 2V ml dung dch Y. Dung
dch Y c pH l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 1.
Cu 189: Trong cc dung dch: HNO
3
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
, dy gm cc cht u tc dng
c vi dung dch Ba(HCO
3
)
2
l:
A. HNO
3
, NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
. B. HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Na
2
SO
4
.
C. NaCl, Na
2
SO
4
, Ca(OH)
2
. D. HNO
3
, Ca(OH)
2
, KHSO
4
, Mg(NO
3
)
2
.
Cu 190: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl
3
1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l
15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l (cho H = 1, O = 16, Al = 27)
A. 1,2. B. 1,8. C. 2,4. D. 2.
Cu 191: S thu phn Na
2
CO
3
to ra
A. mi trng axit. B. mi trng baz.
Bi tp chng S IN LI 16
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
C. mi trng trung tnh. D. khng xc nh c.
Cu 192: Nu pH ca dung dch A l 11,5 v pH ca dung dch B l 4,0 th iu khng nh no sau y l ng ?
A. Dung dch A c nng ion H
+
cao hn B.
B. Dung dch B c tnh baz mnh hn A.
C. Dung dch A c tnh baz mnh hn B.
D. Dung dch A c tnh axit mnh hn B.
Cu 193: Mui no sau y khi thu phn to dung dch c pH < 7 ?
A. CaCl
2
. B. CH
3
COONa. C. NaCl. D. NH
4
Cl.
Cu 194: Pht biu no sau y ng nht ?
A. Al(OH)
3
l mt baz. B. Al(OH)
3
l mt baz lng tnh.
C. Al(OH)
3
l mt cht lng tnh D. Al(OH)
3
l mt hiroxit lng tnh.
Cu 195: Ion no sau y va l axit va l baz theo Bronsted ?
A. HCO
3
-
. B. SO
4
2-
. C. S
2-
. D. PO
4
3-
.
Cu 196: Dung dch A cha cc ion : Na
+
, NH
4
+
, HCO
3
-
, CO
3
2-
, SO
4
2-
. Ch c qu tm, dung dch HCl v dung dch
Ba(OH)
2
, c th nhn bit c :
A. Tt c cc ion trong dung dch A tr ion Na
+
.
B. Khng nhn bit c ion no trong dung dch A.
C. Nhn bit c ion no trong dung dch A.
D. Nhn bit c tt c cc ion tr NH
4
+
, Na
+
.
Cu 197: Cho 4 dung dch NH
4
NO
3
, (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, KNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
. Ch dng thm kim loi Ba, c th nhn bit c:
A. Dung dch H
2
SO
4
.
B. Dung dch (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
v dung dch H
2
SO
4
.
C. Dung dch (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
v dung dch NH
4
NO
3
D. C 4 dung dch.
Cu 198: Trng hp no sau y khng dn in?
A. Dung dch NaF. B. NaF nng chy.
C. NaF rn khan. D. Dung dch HF trong nc.
Cu 199: Cc dung dch sau y c cng nng mol, dung dch no dn in tt nht ?
A. NH
4
NO
3
. B. Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
. C. H
2
SO
4
. D. Ca(OH)
2
.
Cu 200: cng nhit , tan (mol/l) ca cc cht nh sau :
MgCO
3
(6,3.10
-3
M) ; CaCO
3
(6,9.10
-5
M) ; SrCO
3
(1,0.10
-5
M) v PbCO
3
(1,8.10
-7
M). Th t dy dung dch bo ho
no di y ng vi kh nng dn in tng dn ?
A. MgCO
3
; SrCO
3
; PbCO
3
; CaCO
3
. B. MgCO
3
; CaCO
3
; SrCO
3
; PbCO
3
.
C. PbCO
3
; SrCO
3
; CaCO
3
; MgCO
3
. D. CaCO
3
; MgCO
3
; PbCO
3
; SrCO
3
.
Cu 201: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
v 0,1 mol H
2
SO
4
n khi phn
ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn l
A. 0,35. B. 0,25. C. 0,45. D. 0,05.
Cu 202: Khi cho 100ml dung dch KOH 1M vo 100ml dung dch HCl thu c dung dch c cha 6,525 gam
cht tan. Nng mol (hoc mol/l) ca HCl trong dung dch dng l
A. 0,75M. B. 1M. C. 0,25M. D. 0,5M.
Cu 203: Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit H
2
SO
4
0,5M, thu
c 5,32 lt H
2
( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). Dung dch Y c pH l
A. 1 B. 6. C. 7. D. 2.
Cu 204: Trn 100 ml dung dch (gm Ba(OH)
2
0,1M v NaOH 0,1M) vi 400 ml dung dch (gm H
2
SO
4
0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M), thu c dung dch X. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X l
A. 7. B. 2. C. 1. D. 6.
Cu 205: Trn 100ml dd Ba(OH)
2
0,5M v 100ml dd KOH 0,5M thu ddX. Cho X tc dng vi 100ml dd H
2
SO
4
1M. Khi lng kt ta v gi tr pH ca dd thu c sau phn ng:
A. 11,65g 13,22. B. 23,3g 13,22. C. 11,65g 0,78. D. 23,3g 0,78.
Cu 206: Trn V
1
lit dung dch H
2
SO
4
c pH = 3 vi V
2
lit dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 c dung dch c pH
= 4, th t l V
1
: V
2
c gi tr no?
A. 9:11 B. 101:9 C. 99:101 D. 9:101
Cu 207: Trn 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,05 mol/l vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
a mol/l thu c 500 ml dung
dch c pH= 12. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,03. B. 0,04. C. 0,05. D. 0,06.
Cu 208: Phn ng to thnh PbSO
4
no di y khng phi l phn ng trao i ion ?
A. Pb(NO
3
)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4
PbSO
4
+ NaNO
3
.
B. Pb(OH)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
PbSO
4
+ 2H
2
O.
Bi tp chng S IN LI 17
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
C. PbS + 4H
2
O
2
PbSO
4
+ 4H
2
O.
D. (CH
3
COO)
2
Pb + H
2
SO
4
PbSO
4
+ 2CH
3
COOH.
Cu 209: Dung dch HCl v dung dch CH
3
COOH c cng nng mol/l, pH ca hai dung dch tng ng l x v
y. Quan h gia x v y l (gi thit, c 100 phn t CH
3
COOH th c 1 phn t in li)
A. y = 100x. B. y = 2x. C. y = x - 2. D. y = x + 2.
Cu 210: Cho cc dung dch A, B, C, D cha tp hp cc ion sau:
(A) Cl
-
, NH
4
+
, Na
+
, SO
4
2-
. (B) Ba
2+
, Cl
-
, Ca
2+
, OH
-
.
(C) K
+
, H
+
, Na
+
, NO
3
-
. (D) K
+
, NH
4
+
, HCO
3
-
, CO
3
2-
.
Trn 2 dung dch no vi nhau th cp no khng phn ng ?
A. (A) + (B). B. (B) + (C). C. (C) + (D). D. (D) + (A).
Cu 211: Cc tp hp ion no sau y khng tn ti trong mt dung dch ?
A. Cu
2+
, Cl
-
, Na
+
, OH
-
, NO
3
-
. B. Fe
2
+, K
+
, NO
3
-
, OH
-
, NH
4
+
.
C. NH
4
+
, CO
3
2-
, HCO
3
-
, OH
-
, Al
3+
. D. Na
+
, Ca
2+
, Fe
2+
, NO
3
-
, Cl
-
.
Cu 212: Ion CO
3
2-
khng phn ng vi dung dch no sau y ?
A. NH
4
+
, Na
+
, K
+
, NO
3
-
. B. Ba
2+
, Ca
2+
, OH
-
, Cl
-
.
C. K
+
, HSO
4
-
, Na
+
, Cl
-
. D. Fe
2+
, NH
4
+
, Cl
-
, SO
4
2-
.
Cu 213: Trong s cc dung dch: Na
2
CO
3
, KCl, CH
3
COONa, NH
4
Cl, NaHSO
4
, C
6
H
5
ONa, nhng dung dch c pH
> 7 l
A. Na
2
CO
3
, C
6
H
5
ONa, CH
3
COONa. B. Na
2
CO
3
, NH4Cl, KCl.
C. KCl, C
6
H
5
ONa, CH
3
COONa. D. NH
4
Cl, CH
3
COONa, NaHSO
4
.
Cu 214: Axit fomic (HCOOH) c trong nc kin. Khi b kin t th dng ho cht no di y ra ?
A. Nc vi trong. B. Dm n. C. Cn. D. Nc.
Cu 215: Chn cu tr li ng khi ni v mui axit.
A. Mui c kh nng phn ng vi dung dch baz.
B. Mui c cha nguyn t H trong phn t.
C. Mui to bi axit yu v baz mnh.
D. Mui c cha nguyn t H c kh nng phn li ra ion H
+
.
Cu 216: Cho dung dch natri hiroxit long vo dung dch ng (II) sunfat n d. Hin tng quan st c l:
A. Khng c hin tng. B. C bt kh thot ra.
C. C kt ta mu xanh nht. D. C kt ta mu xanh sau tan.
Cu 217: Phn ng no sau y khng phi l phn ng axit - baz ?
A. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O. B. SO
2
+ H
2
O H
2
SO
3
.
C. Zn + HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2
. D. K
2
O + H
2
O KOH.
Cu 218: Trn 200 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,05 M vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,06 M.pH ca dung dch thu c
l A. 2,4 B. 2, 9 C. 4,2 D. 4,3
Cu 219: Cho 40 ml dung dch HCl 0,75 M vo 160 ml dung dch cha ng thi Ba(OH)
2
0,08M v KOH 0,04M.
pH ca dung dch thu c l
A. 10. B. 12. C. 3. D. 2.
Cu 220: pH ca dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,0005 M v pH ca dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,1 M (

=4,25%)
A. 3 ; 2,37 B. 3 ; 3,9 C. 5; 3,37 D. 4; 3,38
B. BI TP T LUN:
Cau 1: Viet phng trnh phan t, phng trnh ion xay ra trong cac trng hp
sau:
Al + ddHCl; Fe + dd CuCl
2
; CaCO
3
+ ddHCl;
ddNa
2
SO
4
+ dd BaCl
2
; ddNaOH + dd FeCl
3
. Zn(OH)
2
+ ddNaOH;
Zn(OH)
2
+ HCl; Al(OH)
3
+ HCl; Al(OH)
3
+ KOH;
Cu(OH)
2
+ H
2
SO
4
; Cu(OH)
2
+ NaOH c; CuCl
2
+ KOH;
Cu 2: Vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca cc phn ng xy ra trong dung dch gia cc cp cht sau:
a) Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
. b) Ca(HCO
3
)
2
+ HCl.
c) Pb(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
S. d) Pb(OH)
2
+ NaOH.
Cu 3: Vit phng trnh in li cc cht sau trong dung dch:
Na
2
HPO
4
, K
2
S, KHS, Sn(OH)
2
, HNO
2
, H
2
SO
3
, NaHSO
4
.
Cu 4: Dung dch cht no di y c mi trng kim? Gii thch.
AgNO
3
, NaClO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
, SnCl
2
, K
2
SO
4
.
Cu 5: Vit phng trnh in li cc cht sau:
K
3
PO
4
; Pb(OH)
2
; HClO; NaH
2
PO
4
, [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]
2
SO
4
, [Cu(NH
3
)
4
]Cl
2
.
Bi tp chng S IN LI 18
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
Cu 6: Trong cc mui sau: Na
2
SO
4
, NaHSO
4
, Na
2
HPO
3
, Na
2
HPO
4
mui no l mui axit, mui no l mui trung
ha? Gii thch.
Cu 7: Cho: Fe, Al
2
O
3
, Fe(OH)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
ln lt tc dng vi dung dch axit HCl. Hy vit cc phn ng xy ra
dng phn t v dng ion rt gn.
Cu 8: Trong 2 dung dch mi trng hp sau y, dung dch no c pH ln hn. Gii thch ?
a) Dung dch 0,1M ca mt axit mt nc c K = 1.10
-4
v dung dch 0,1M ca mt axit mt nc c K = 4.10
-5
.
b) Dung dch HCl 0,1M v dung dch HCl 0,01M.
c) Dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,01M v dung dch HCl 0,01M.
d) Dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,01M v dung dch HCl 0,01M
e) Dung dch NH
3
0,01M v dung dch NaOH 0,01M.
g) Dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,01M v dung dch NaOH 0,01M.
Cu 9: Trn 200 ml dung HCl 1M vi 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
1M th c dung dch A.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra (dng phn t v ion).
b) Tnh nng mol/ l ca cc ion c trong dung dch sau phn ng.
Cu 10: Dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,6% (d = 1). in li ca CH
3
COOH trong iu kin ny l 1%.
a) Tnh nng mol ca ion H
+
trong dung dch trn.
b) Tnh hng s phn li K
a
iu kin trn.
S: [H
+
] = 0,001M; K
a
= 10
-5
.
Cu 11: Dung dch X cha HCl 1M v H
2
SO
4
1M; dung dch Y cha NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)
2
0,5M.
a) Tnh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch X v trong dung dch Y.
b) Trn 100 ml dung dch X vi 300 ml dung dch Y th c 400 ml dung dch Z v m gam kt ta. Hy tnh:
+ Nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch Z.
+ Gi tr m.
Cu 12: Trong 2 lt dung dch axit flohiric (HF) c cha 4 gam HF nguyn cht. in li ca axit ny l 8%.
Hy tnh hng s phn li K
a
ca axit ny.
S: 6,9.10
-4
.
Cu 13: Trn 50 ml dung dch NaCl 0,1M vi 150 ml dung dch CaCl
2
0,2M. Tnh nng mol/lt ca ion Cl
-
trong dung dch sau khi trn.
Cu 15: Cn bao nhiu gam NaOH pha ch 500,0 ml dung dch c pH = 11,0.
Cu 16: Ha tan hon ton 0,2044 gam mt mui kim loi ha tr hai MCO
3
trong 40,0 ml dung dch HCl 0,080M.
trung ha lng HCl d cn 5,64 ml dung dch NaOH 0,20M.
a) Vit cc phn ng ha hc xy ra.
b) Xc nh kim loi M.
Cu 17: Tnh nng mol ca cc ion H
+
v OH
-
trong dung dch NaNO
2
1,0M, bit rng hng s phn li baz l
K
b
= 2,5.10
-11
.
Cu 18: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo 500 ml dung dch ZnSO
4
1M, hy xc nh gi tr ca V trong cc
trng hp sau y:
a) To kt ta cc i.
b) To 19,8 gam kt ta.
c) Gi tr t nht ca V khng thu c kt ta.
Cu 19: imetyl amin (CH
3
)
2
NH l mt baz mnh hn NH
3
. imetyl amin trong nc c phn ng thy phn:
(CH
3
)
2
NH + H
2
O

(CH
3
)
2
NH
2
+
+ OH
-
.
a) Vit biu thc tnh hng s phn li baz K
b
ca imetyl amin.
b) Tnh pH ca dung dch imetyl amin 1,5M, bit K
b
= 5,9.10
-4
.
Cu 20: Cho 2 dung dch H
2
SO
4
c pH = 1 v pH = 2. Thm 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M vo 100 ml mi dung
dch trn. Tnh nng mol / l ca cc dung dch thu c.
( p s : [K
2
SO
4
] = 0,025M ; [K
2
SO
4
] = 0,0025M ; [KOH] = 0,045M )
Cu 21: Cho dung dch A l hn hp H
2
SO
4
2.10
-4
M v HCl 6.10
-4
M . Cho dung dch B l hn hp NaOH 3.10
-4
M v Ca(OH)
2
3,5.10
-4
M .
a) Tnh pH ca dung dch A v dung dch B ? ( S : 3 ; 11 )
b) Trn 300 ml dung dch A vi 200 ml dung dch B c dung dch C. Tnh pH ca dung dch C ? ( S : 3,7 )
Cu 22: A l dung dch HCl 0,2M. B l dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M. Trn cc th tch bng nhau ca A v B c dung
dch X. Tnh pH ca dung dch X. (p s : 0,7)
Cu 23: Trn 3 dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M , HNO
3
0,2M , HCl 0,3M vi nhng th tch bng nhau ta c dung dch
A. Ly 300 ml dung dch A cho tc dng vi mt dung dch B NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,29 M. Tnh th tch dung
dch B cn dng sau khi tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch A c dung dch c pH = 2. ( p s : 0,134 lt ).
Cu 24: Thm t t 100 g dung dch H
2
SO
4
98% vo nc v iu chnh c 1 lt dung dch A.
a) Tnh [H
+
] trong dung dch A.
Bi tp chng S IN LI 19
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
b) Phi thm vo 1 lt dung dch A bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 1,8M thu c :
-Dung dch c pH = 1.
-Dung dch c pH = 13.
( p s : 2M ; 1 lt ; 1,235 lt )
Cu 25: Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08M v H
2
SO
4
0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
a mol/l
thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh a v m.
( S : 0,06M ; 0,5825 g )
Cu 26:
a) Cn pha long dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 bao nhiu ln c dung dch NaOH mi c pH = 11.
b) Cn pha long dung dch HCl c pH = 1 bao nhiu ln c dung dch HCl mi c pH=3
c) Phi ly mt dung dch HCl c pH = 1 v mt dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 theo t l th tch no c dung
dch c : pH = 3 ; pH = 11 ; pH = 7.
Cu 27: Phi ly bao nhiu gam H
2
SO
4
thm vo 2 lt dung dch axit mnh c pH = 2 c dung dch c pH=1.
Gi s th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k. ( S : 8,82 g )
Cu 28: Ha tan hon ton m gam BaO vo nc c 200 ml dung dch A c pH = 13.
a) Tnh m ?
b) Cho 0,27 gam bt nhm v 0,51 gam bt nhm oxit tan ht trong 400 ml dung dch A trn c dung dch B.
Tnh nng mol/l cc cht trong dung dch B.( S : 1,53 gam ; 0,025M ; baz d 0,025M )
Cu 29: Trn 150 ml dung dch HCl a mol/l vi 250 ml dung dch cha ng thi NaOH 0,5M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1 M
c dung dch mi c pH = 12. Tnh a? ( S : 1,14 M )
Cu 30: Cho a gam kim loi Na vo nc c 1,5 lt dung dch X c pH = 12.
a) Tnh a ? ( S : 0,345 g )
b) Trung ha 1,5 lt dung dch X trn bng V lt dung dch cha ng thi HCl 0,1 M v H
2
SO
4
0,05 M. Tnh V?
( S : 0,075 lt )
c) Tnh nng ca cc ion : H
+
, HS
-
, S
2-
v pH ca dung dch bo ha H
2
S 0,1 M , bit H
2
S c K
1
= 10
7
; K
2
=
1,3.10
13
.
d) Tnh pH ca dung dch H
3
PO
4
0,1 M.
Bit H
3
PO
4
c K
1
= 8.10
-3
, K
2
= 6.10
-8
, K
3
= 4.10
-13
.
CC BI T LUN NNG CAO (T LM)
Bi 1. H
2
O , SO
2
, Br
2
, H
2
CO
3
,C
2
H
6
, Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, H
2
SO
4
, NaClO , Mg(OH)
2
, CuSO
4
, C
6
H
6
, C
2
H
5
OH ,
CH
3
COOH , C
6
H
12
O
6
, CaO , CH
3
COONa.
Nhng cht no l cht in li.
Bi 2. Cho cc cht : HCl, HClO
4
, HNO
3
, H
2
SO
4
, H
2
CO
3
, H
2
S, CH
3
COOH, HClO, HF, H
2
SO
3
, HNO
2
, HI,
NaOH, Bi(OH)
3
, KOH, Sr(OH)
2
, RbOH, Ba(OH)
2
, NaCl, Na
3
PO
4
, NaHCO
3
, CaCl
2
, KHSO
4
,
KClO
3
, CuSO
4
, Mg(OH)
2
, CH
3
COONa.
a) Cht no l cht in li mnh ? Vit phng trnh in li.
b) Cht no l cht in li yu ? Vit phng trnh in in li
Bi 3. Vit phng trnh in li trong nc:
a) Cc hiroxit lng tnh : Al(OH)
3
, Zn(OH)
2
, Pb(OH)
2
, Sn(OH)
2
, Cr(OH)
3
, Cu(OH)
2
.
b) Cc mui: NaCl.KCl , K
2
SO
4
.Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.24H
2
O , KCl.MgCl
2
.6H
2
O, NaHCO
3
, Na
2
HPO
4
, NaH
2
PO
3
,
Na
2
HPO
3
, NaH
2
PO
2
, [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]Cl , [Cu(NH
3
)
4
]SO
4
, [Zn(NH
3
)
4
](NO
3
)
2
.
Bi 4. Trong s cc mui sau, mui no l mui axit ? mui no l mui trung ho ?
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, K
2
SO
4
, NaHCO
3
, CH
3
COONa , Na
2
HPO
4
, NaHSO
4
, Na
2
HPO
3
, Na
3
PO
4
,NaHS, NaClO.
Bi 5. C bn dung dch : Kali clorua, ru etylic, axit axetic, kali sunfat, u c nng 0,01 mol/l. Hy so snh
kh nng dn in ca cc dung dch . Gii thch ngn gn.
Bi 6. Cho mt dung dch axit axetic CH
3
COOH ( cht in li yu). Nu ho tan vo dung dch mt t tinh th
natri axetat CH
3
COONa ( cht in li mnh) , th nng ion H
+
c thay i khng ? nu c th thay i nh th
no ? Gii thch.
Bi 7. Cho mt dung dch amonic, nu ha tan vo dung dch ny mt t tinh th amoni clorua NH
4
Cl (cht in
li mnh) th nng OH
-
c thay i khng ? Nu c th thay i nh th no? Gii thch.
Bi 8. Vit biu thc hng s phn li axit K
a
hoc hng s phn li baz K
b
cho cc trng hp sau :
NH
+
4
, NO

2
, HClO , CH
3
COO
-
, S
2-
, H
2
CO
3
.
Bi 9. Vit cng thc ca cc cht m khi in li to ra cc ion sau :
a) K
+
v PO
3
4
b) Al
3+
v NO

3
c) Fe
3+
v SO
2
4
d) K
+
v MnO
2
4
e) Na
+
v CrO
2
4
f) Cu
2+
v SO
2
4
g) Rb
+
v Cl
-
h) CH
3
COO
-
v Na
+
.
Bi tp chng S IN LI 20
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
Bi 10. Trong mt dung dch cha ng thi cc ion : Na
+
, Al
3+
, Cu
2+
, Cl
-
, SO
2
4
, NO

3
. Khi c cn dung dch
ta c th thu c ti a my mui ? Vit cng thc phn t ca cc mui .
Bi 11. C 3 ng nghim, mi ng nghim cha 2 cation v 2 anion (khng trng lp gia cc ng nghim) trong
s cc cation v anion sau : NH
+
4
, Na
+
, Ag
+
, Ba
2+
, Mg
2+
, Al
3+
v Cl
-
, Br
-
, NO

3
, SO
2
4
, PO
3
4
, CO
2
3
. Hy
xc nh cc cation v anion sau trong tng ng nghim.
Bi 12. C th pha ch dung dch ng thi cha cc ion sau khng ? V sao?
a) Na
+
, Ag
+
, Cl
-
b) Ba
2+
, K
+
, SO
2
4
c) Mg
2+
, H
+
, SO
2
4
, NO

3
d) Mg
2+
, Na
+
, SO
2
4
, CO
2
3
e) H
+
, Na
+
, NO

3
, CO
2
3
f) H
+
, NO

3
, OH
-
, Ba
2+
.
g) Br
-
, NH
+
4
, Ag
+
, Ca
2+
h) OH
-
, HCO

3
, Na
+
, Ba
2+
i) HCO

3
, H
+
, K
+
, Ca
2+.
Bi 13. Trong mt dung dch c cha cc ion : Ca
2+
, Na
+
, Mg
2+
, HCO

3
, Cl
-
. Hy nu v gii thch:
- Trong dung dch c th c nhng mui no ?
- Khi c cn dung dch c th thu c nhng mui no ?
- Khi nung hn hp cht rn sau khi c cn c th thu c nhng cht g ?
Bi 14. Mt dung dch cha a mol Na
+
, b mol Ca
2+
, c mol HCO

3
v d mol Cl
-
.
Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d v cng thc tng khi lng mui trong dung dch.
Bi 15. Trong mt dung dch c cha a mol Ca
2+
, b mol Mg
2+
, c mol Cl
-
, d mol SO
2
4
.
a) Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d.
b) Nu a = 0,1 ; c = 0,1 ; d = 0,3 th b bng bao nhiu ? T kt qu ny hy tnh tng khi lng cc mui c
trong dung dch.
Bi 16. Mt dung dch c cha 2 loi cation Fe
2+
(0,1 mol) v Al
3+
(0,2 mol) cng 2 loi anion l Cl
-
(x mol) v SO
2
4
(y mol) . Tnh x ,y . Bit rng khi c cn dung dch v lm khan thu c 46,9 gam cht kt ta.
Bi 17. C hai dung dch , dung dch A v dung dch B. Mi dung dch ch cha 2 loi cation v 2 loi anion trong
s cc ion sau : K
+
(0,15 mol) ; Mg
2+
(0,1 mol) ; NH
+
4
(0,25 mol) ; H
+
(0,2 mol) ; Cl
-
(0,1 mol); SO
2
4
(0.075 mol) ;
NO

3
(0,25 mol) ; CO
2
3
(0,15 mol).
Xc nh dung dch A v dung dch B.
Bi 18. Dung dch A cha a mol K
+
, b mol NH
+
4
, c mol HCO

3
, d mol SO
2
4
(khng k ion H
+
v OH
-
ca
nc). Cho thm (c+d+e) mol Ba(OH)
2

vo dung dch A thu c dung dch X , kh Y vag kt ta Z. Coi Ba(OH)
2
in li hon ton. Tm biu thc lin h a, b, c, d, e trong dung dch A v dung dch X.
Bi 19. Mt dung dch cha a mol NaHCO
3
v b mol Na
2
CO
3
.
a) Khi thm (a+b) mol BaCl
2
hoc (a +b) mol Ba(OH)
2
vo dung dch trn th khi lng kt ta thu c
trong hai trng hp c bng nhau khng ? Gii thch . Coi Ba(OH)
2
in li hon ton.
b) Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c trong trng hp a = 0,1 mol v b = 0,2 mol.
Bi 20. Hy xc nh tng khi lng ca cc mui c trong dung dch A cha cc ion Na
+
, NH
+
4
, SO
2
4
, CO
2
3
. Bit rng :
- Khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d v un nng thu c 0,34 gam kh c th lm
xanh giy qu m v 4,3 gam kt ta.
- Khi cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch H
2
SO
4
d th thu c 0,224 lt kh (ddktc).
Bi 21. Dung dch A cha cc ion Na
+
, NH
+
4
, SO
2
4
, CO
2
3
.
a) Dung dch A trn c th iu ch t hai mui trung ho no ?
b) Chia dung dch A lm hai phn bng nhau :
- Phn th nht cho tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)
2
d ,un nng ta thu c 4,3 gam kt ta X v 470,4
ml kh Y 13,5
o
C v 1 atm.
- Phn th hai cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 235,2 ml kh 13,5
o
C v 1 atm.
Tnh tng khi lng cc mui trong dung dch A.
Bi 22. Mt dung dch cha x mol Cu
2+
, y mol K
+
; 0,03 mol Cl
-
v 0,02 mol SO
2
4
. Tng khi lng cc mui
tan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Hy xc nh gi tr x v y.
Bi 23. a) Mt dung dch A cha 0,03 mol Ca
2+
; 0,06 mol Al
3+
; 0,06 mol NO

3
; 0.09 mol SO
2
4
. Mui c trong
dung dch ny th phi ho tan hai mui no vo nc ? Gii thch.
b) Kt qu xc nh nng mol ca cc ion trong dung dch sau:
[Na
+
] = 0,05 ; [Ca
2+
] = 0,01 ; [NO

3
] = 0,01 ; [Cl
-
] = 0,04 ; [HCO

3
] = 0,025.
Kt qu trn ng hay sai ? V sao.
Bi tp chng S IN LI 21
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
Bi 24. Trong 1 ml dung dch axit nitr nht nht nh c 5,64.10
19
phn t HNO
2
; c 3,60.10
18
ion NO

3
.
a) Tnh in li ca axit nitr trong dung dch nhit .
b) Tnh nng mol ca dung dch ni trn.
Bi 25. Trong 500 ml dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,01 M, = 4% c bao nhiu ht vi m ( phn t , ion). Khng tnh
nc.
Bi 26. Dung dch axit axetic 0,6% c khi lng ring xp x 1 g/ml. in li ca axit axetic trong iu kin ny
l 1,0% . Tnh nng mol ca ion H
+
trong dung dch ( b qua s in li ca nc).
Bi 27. Tnh in li ca axit fomic HCOOH, nu dung dch 0,46% (d = 1,0g/ml) ca axit fomic c pH =
3.
Bi 28. Dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,1M c in li = 1% . Vit phng trnh in li CH
3
COOH v xc nh pH
ca dung dch ny.
Bi 29. Theo nh ngha axit baz ca Bron-stt cc ion : Na
+
, NH
+
4
, CO
2
3
, CH
3
COO
-
, HCO

3
, HSO

4
, K
+
,
Cl
-
, Cu
2+
, SO
2
4
l axit , baz, lng tnh hay trung tnh ? Ti sao?
Trn c s , hy d on cc dung dch ca tng cht cho di y c pH ln hn , nh hn, hay bng 7.
Na
2
CO
3
, KCl, CH
3
COONa, Na
2
SO
4
, CuSO
4
, NH
4
Cl, NH
4
HSO
4
.
Bi 30. Mt dung dch c cha 3 gam axit CH
3
COOH trong 250 ml dung dch. Cho bit in li ca axit
CH
3
COOH l = 0,01.
a) Tnh nng mol/l ca phn t v ion c trong dung dch axit .
b) Tnh pH ca dung dch axit trn.
Bi 31. Dung dch A c cha ng thi hai mui natri clorua (0,3mol/l) v kali photphat (0,1mol/l).
a) C th pha ch dung dch A bng cch ho tan vo nc hai mui kali clorua v natri photphat c
khng ?
b) Nu c th c, pha ch 2 lt dung dch A cn bao nhiu mol kali clorua v bao nhiu mol natri
photphat ?
Bi 32. Dung dch A c cha ng thi ba mui : Na
2
SO
4
0,05M ; KCl 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M.
a) C th pha ch dung dch A c hay khng nu ch ho tan vo nc hai mui sau y ?
* NaCl v K
2
SO
4
* KCl v Na
2
SO
4
.
b) Nu c th c, chun b 200 ml dung dch A cn ho tan vo nc bao nhiu gam mi mui?
Bi 33. imetyl amin (CH
3
)
2
NH l mt baz mnh hn amonic . imetyl amin trong nc c phn ng thu
phn sau: (CH
3
)
2
NH + H
2
O

(CH
3
)
2
NH
+
2
+ OH
-

a) Vit biu thc tnh hng s phn li baz K
b
ca imetyl amin.
b) Nu thm mt t mui khan (CH
3
)
2
NH
2
Cl vo dunh dch trn th nng OH
-
thay i nh th no ? V
sao ?
c) Tnh pH ca dung dch imetyl amin 1,5M. Bit rng K
b
= 5,9.10
-4
.
Bi 34. a) Dung dch axit fomic HCOOH c pH = 3,0. Tnh in li ca axit fomic.
b) Tnh nng H
+
v ion axetat CH
3
COO
-
trong dung dch axit CH
3
COOH 0,1M, bit in li ca
dung dch bng 1,3%
Bi 35. a) Tnh pH ca dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,1 M (Bit K
a
= 1,75.10
-5
)
b) Tnh nng mol/l ca ion H
+
trong dung dch NH
4
Cl 0,1M. Bit K
b
ca NH
3
bng 1,8.10
-5
.
c) Tnh nng mol/l ca ion H
+
trong dung dch NH
3
0,01M ( Bit K
b
= 1,8.10
-5
).
d) Tnh nng mol/l ion H
+
ca dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,1M ( Bit K
b
ca CH
3
COO
-
l 5,71.10
-10
).
Bi 36. So snh pH ca cc dung dch sau c cng nng v iu kin . Gii thch .
a) Cc dung dch : HCl ; H
2
SO
4
; CH
3
COOH.
b) Cc dung dch : NaOH ; Ba(OH)
2
; dung dch NH
3
.
Bi 37. Cho dung dch H
2
S 0,1M . Bit axit ny c th phn li 2 nc :
H
2
S

H
+
+ HS
-
; K
a1

= 1,0.10
-7
HS
-
H
+
+ S
2-
; K
a2
= 1,3.10
-13

a)

Tnh nng mol/l ca ion H
+
v pH ca dung dch.
b) Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion HS
-
v S
2-
trong dung dch.
Bi 38. Trong hai dung dch cc th d sau y, dung dch no c pH ln hn ?
a) Dung dch 0,1M ca mt axit mt nc c K = 1,0.10
-4
v dung dch 0,1M ca mt axit mt nc c K =
4,0.10
-5
.
b) Dung dch HCl 0,1M v dung dch HCl 0,01M.
c) Dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,1M v dung dch HCl 0,1M.
d) Dung dch HCl 0,01M v dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,01M.
Gii thch vn tt cho mi trng hp.
Bi tp chng S IN LI 22
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
Bi 39. Dung dch axit fomic 0,007M c pH = 3,0.
a) Tnh in li ca axit fomic trong dung dch .
b) Nu ho tan thm 0,001 mol HCl vo 1 lit dung dch th in li ca axit fomic tng hay gim ? Gii
thch.
Bi 40. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau:
a) Dung dch HCl 0,001M.
b) Dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,0001M. Coi H
2
SO
4
phn li hon ton 2 nc.
c) Dung dch NaOH 0.01M .
d) Dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,0001M. Coi Ba(OH)
2
phn li hon ton.
Bi 41. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi cho 100 ml H
2
SO
4
0,1M vo 400 ml dung dch NH
3
0,05M . Coi
K
a
(NH
+
4
) = 5,6.10
-10
. Coi H
2
SO
4
phn li hon ton 2 nc.
Bi 42. Thm 100 ml dung dch CH
3
COOH 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,05M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu
c . Cho K
b
(CH
3
COO
-
) = 5,71.10
-10
.
Bi 43.a) Cho m gam Na vo nc, ta thu c 2 lit dung dch c pH = 13. Tnh m(g).
b) Ho tan a gam kim loi Ba vo nc thu c 1,5 lit dung dch X c pH = 12. Tnh a (g).
c) Dn V(lit) HCl (ktc) vo nc ta thu c 2 lt dung dch Y c pH = 1. Xc nh V (lit).
d) Dn V(l) SO
3
(ktc) vo nc ta thu c 5 lt dung dch C c pH = 2. Tnh V(l). Coi H
2
SO
4
phn li hon
ton 2 nc.
Bi 44. Tnh pH ca dung dch gm NH
4
Cl 0,2M v NH
3
0,1M. Bit rng hng s phn li axit ca NH
+
4 l K
NH
+
4

= 5,0.10
-10
.
Bi 45. Hon thnh cc phng trnh ion rt gn di y v vit phng trnh phn t ca cc phn ng tng
ng di y.
a) Cr
3+
+ Cr(OH)
3
b) Pb
2+
+ PbS
c) Ag
+
+ AgCl d) Ca
2+
+ Ca
3
(PO
4
)
2
e) S
2-
+ H
2
S f) CH
3
COO
-
+ CH
3
COOH
g) H
+
+ H
2
O h) OH
-
+ AlO

2
+
i) H
+
+ Al
3+
+ . k) OH
-
+ CO
2
3
+
Bi 46. Vit phng trnh trao i ion cc dung dch sau y (dng phn t v ion rt gn) :
a) CaCl
2
v AgNO
3
b) Pb(NO
3
)
2
v Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
c) FeSO
4
v NaOH
d) NaNO
3
v CuSO
4
e) Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
v NaOH f) CH
3
COOH v HCl
g) (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
v Ba(OH)
2
h) NH
4
Cl v Ba(OH)
2
i) Ba(NO
3
)
2
v CuSO
4

j) KCl v Na
2
SO
4
k) Pb(OH)
2
(r) v HCl l) Pb(OH)
2
(r) v NaOH.
Bi 47. Hy dn ra phn ng gia dung dch cc cht in li to ra :
a) Hai cht kt ta .
b) Mt cht kt ta v mt cht kh.
c) Mt cht kt ta, mt cht kh v mt cht in li yu.
d) Mt cht kh, mt cht in li yu v mt cht in li mnh.
e) Mt cht in li yu v mt cht in li mnh.
Bi 48. Cho cc mui : NH
4
Cl, K
2
SO
4
, Ba(NO
3
)
2
, CH
3
COOONa, Na
2
CO
3
, KHSO
3
, Na
2
HPO
4
, CuSO
4
, NaCl,
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
, (CH
3
COO)
2
Pb, (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
.
Mui no trong s mui trn b thu phn kh ho tan vo nc. Vit phng trnh minh ho.
Bi 49.a) Cho cc dung dch NaCl, Na
2
CO
3
, C
6
H
5
OH, NH
4
Cl c mi trng axit , kim hay trung tnh ? Gii thch .
b) Cho qu tm vo cc dung dch sau y : NH
4
Cl , CH
3
COOK , Ba(NO
3
)
2
, Na
2
CO
3
. Qu tm i mu g ?
Gii thch .
c) C th dng qu tm phn bit 2 dung dch NaOH v Na
2
CO
3
c khng ? Ti sao ?
d) C th dng qu tm phn bit 2 dung dch HCl v dung dch NH
4
Cl c khng ? Ti sao ?
e) V sao NH
3
khng tn ti trong mi trng axit ? V sao Zn(OH)
2
khng tn ti trong mi trng axit
cng nh trong mi trng kim ?
Bi 50. Hy ghi ng s thay i mu ca qu , qu xanh, qu tm khi nhng ln lt chng vo tng dung dch
sau :
Dung dch KCl FeCl
3
NaNO
3
K
2
S Zn(NO
3
)
2
Na
2
CO
3
Qu
Qu xanh
Qu tm
Bi tp chng S IN LI 23
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
Bi 51. C bn bnh mt nhn, mi bnh cha mt trong cc dung dch sau : Na
2
SO
4
, Na
2
CO
3
, BaCl
2
, KNO
3
vi
nng khong 0,1M. Ch dng thm qu tm, hy nu cch phn bit cc dung dch trn. Vit cc phng trnh
phn ng minh ho.
Bi 52 y ng ring bit trong cc bnh khng c nhn : NH
4
Cl , (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
, BaCl
2
, NaOH , Na
2
CO
3
.
Bi 53. C 3 l ho cht mt nhn, mi l ng mt trong cc dung dch NaCl , Na
2
CO
3
v HCl . Khng c
dng thm bt k ho cht no (k c qu tm), lm th no nhn ra cc dung dch ny. Vit phng trnh ho hc
ca cc phn ng xy ra di dng phn t v ion.
Bi 54. Ch dng thm mt ho cht hy phn bit cc dung dch sau : Na
2
CO
3
, Na
2
SO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
, Na
2
SiO
3
v
Na
2
S.
Bi 55. Hy phn bit cc cht bt sau : NaCl , Na
2
CO
3
, Na
2
SO
4
, BaCO
3
, BaSO
4
( Ch dng thm 1 ho cht v
nc).
Bi 56. C 4 bnh mt nhn, mi bnh cha mt hn hp dung dch sau y : K
2
CO
3
v Na
2
SO
4
; KHCO
3
v
Na
2
CO
3
; KHCO
3
v Na
2
SO
4
; Na
2
SO
4
v K
2
SO
4
. Trnh by phng php ho hc nhn bit 4 bnh ny m ch
dng thm dung dch NaCl v dung dch Ba(NO
3
)
2
.
Bi 57. Bng phng php ho hc, hy nhn bit cc dung dch ng trong cc l mt nhn sau :
Ba(OH)
2
, H
2
SO
4
, FeCl
3
, FeCl
2
, AlCl
3
, CuCl
2
, NaCl , Na
2
CO
3
, NH
4
Cl , (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
.
(Ch dng thm qu tm)
Bi 58. Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,08 mol/l v H
2
SO
4
0,01 mol/l vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
c
nng x mol/l thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 12. Hy tnh m v x. Coi Ba(OH)
2
in li
hon ton c hai nc.
Bi 59. Tr 300 ml dung dch c cha NaOH 0,1mol/l v Ba(OH)
2
0,025 mol/l vi 200 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
nng
x mol/l, thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c pH = 2. Hy tnh m v x. Coi Ba(OH)
2
v H
2
SO
4
phn
li hon ton 2 nc.
Bi 60. Thm t t 400 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
49% vo nc v iu chnh lng nc thu c ng 2 lt dung
dch A . Coi H
2
SO
4
phn li hon ton 2 nc.
a) Tnh nng mol ca ion H
+
trong dung dch A .
b) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1,8M cn thm vo 0,5 lt dung dch A thu c
* dung dch c pH = 1.
* dung dch c pH = 13.
Bi 61. X l dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,02M, Y l dung dch NaOH 0,035M . Khi trn ln dung dch X vi dung dch Y ta
thu c dung dch Z c th tch bng tng th tch hai dung dch mang trn v c pH = 2. Coi H
2
SO
4
phn li hon
ton 2 nc.
Hy tnh t l th tch gia dung dch X v dung dch Y .
Bi 62. Cho 40 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,375M vo 160 ml dung dch cha ng thi NaOH 0,16M v KOH 0,04M.
Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Coi H
2
SO
4
phn li hon ton 2 nc.
Bi 63. Trn 3 dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,1M ; HNO
3
0,2M ; HCl 0,3M vi th tch bng nhau thu c dung dch A . Ly
300 ml dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch B gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)
2
0,1M. Tnh th tch dung dch B cn
dng sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch c pH = 1. Coi Ba(OH)
2
v H
2
SO
4
phn li hon ton 2 nc.
Bi 64. A l dung dch H
2
SO
4
, B l dung dch NaOH . Tin hnh cc th nghim sau :
- Trn 0,2 lt A v 0,3 lt B thu c 0,5 lt dung dch C. trung ho 20 ml dung dch C cn 40 ml dung
dch HCl 0,5M.
- Trn 0,3 lt A vi 0,2 lt B thu c 0,5 lt dung dch D. trung ho 20 ml dung dch D cn 80 ml dung
dch NaOH 0,1M.
Tnh nng mol ca H
2
SO
4
v NaOH trong dung dch A, B. Coi H
2
SO
4
phn li hon ton 2 nc.
Bi 65.a) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,01M cn trung ho 200 ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
c pH = 3. Coi H
2
SO
4
phn li hon ton 2 nc.
b) Pha long 10 ml dung dch HCl vi nc thnh 250 ml, dung dch thu c c pH = 3. Hy tnh nng
mol ca dung dch HCl trc khi pha long v pH ca dung dch .
Bi 66.a) Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi ho tan 0,4 gam NaOH vo 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
0,05M. Coi
Ba(OH)
2
in li hon ton c hai nc.
b) Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,1M cn trung ho 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
c pH = 13. Coi Ba(OH)
2
in li hon ton c hai nc.
c) Pha long 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
vi 1,5 lt nc c dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh nng dung
dch Ba(OH)
2
trc khi pha long. Coi Ba(OH)
2
in li hon ton c hai nc.
Bi 67.a) Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi cho mt lt dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,005M tc dng vi 4 lt dung dch
NaOH 0,005M.
Bi tp chng S IN LI 24
Trng THPT Lng Ph N.T.B.H
b) Trn 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,05M vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)
2
a mol/l c 500 ml dung dch c pH
= 12. Tnh a. Coi Ba(OH)
2
in li hon ton c hai nc.
Bi 68.a) Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 (dd A). Cn pha long hay c cn dung dch A bao nhiu ln c
dung dch NaOH c pH = 11.
b) Cho dung dch NaOH c pH = 10 (dd B). Cn pha long hay c cn dung dch B bao nhiu ln c
dung dch NaOH c pH = 12.
c) Cho dung dch HCl c pH = 2 (dd C). Cn pha long hay c cn dung dch C bao nhiu ln c dung
dch HCl c pH = 4.
d) Cho dung dch HCl c pH = 4 (dd D). Cn pha long hay c cn dung dch D bao nhiu ln c dung
dch HCl c pH = 3.
Bi 69. A l dung dch H
2
SO
4
0,5M, B l dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Cn trn V
A
vi V
B
theo t l no c :
* dung dch c pH = 2 ; * dung dch c pH = 13.
( Coi cc cht phn li hon ton)
Bi 70. Trn V
1
lt dung dch HCl 0,6M v V
2
lt dung dch NaOH 0,4M thu c 0,6 lt dung dch A. Tnh V
1
, V
2
.
Bit rng 0,6 lt dung dch A c th ho tan ht 1,02 gam Al
2
O
3
.
Bi 71. Nh t t dung dch NaOH 2M vo 100 ml dung dch Y cha cc ion Zn
2+
, Fe
3+
, SO
2
4
cho n khi kt ta
ht cc ion Zn
2+
, Fe
3+
th thy th tch dung dch NaOH dng l 350 ml. Tip tc thm 200 ml dung dch NaOH
2M vo h trn th mt cht kt ta va tan ht. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion c trong dung dch Y .
Bi 72. Ly 100 ml dung dch A cha HCl 2M v HNO
3
1,5M cho tc dng vi 400 ml dung dch B cha NaOH
0,5M v KOH nng a mol/l thu c 500 ml dung dch C trung tnh. Tnh a v nng mol/l ca cc ion trong
dung dch.
Bi 73. Cho 100 ml dung dch A cha Na
2
SO
4
0,1M v Na
2
CO
3
0,1M tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch B
cha Ba(NO
3
)
2
0,05M v Pb(NO
3
)
2
aM to kt ta . Tnh nng mol/l ca Pb(NO
3
)
2
v khi lng chung ca cc
kt ta.
Bi 74. C 1lt dung dch hn hp Na
2
CO
3
0,1M v (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
0,25M. Cho 43 gam hn hp BaCl
2
v CaCl
2
vo
dung dch . Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 39,7 gam kt ta A v dung dch B.
Tnh %m cc cht trong A.
Bi 75. Tnh pH ca dung dch :
a) Na
2
CO
3
0,1M bit : CO
2
3
+ H
2
O HCO

3
+ OH
-
; K
b
= 1,6.10
-4
.
b) NaHCO
3
2.10
-2
M, bit : H
2
CO
3

H
+
+ HCO

3
; K
a1

= 4,5.10
-7
HCO

3
H
+
+ CO
2
3
; K
a2

= 4,8.10
-11
Bi tp chng S IN LI 25