Bi tp Ton LNG GIC

1
PHN I. I S V GII TCH
I. CC CNG THC LNG GIC KHNG TH NO QUN
1. Hai cung i nhau: -x v x

cos( ) cos
sin( ) sin
tan( ) tan
cot( ) cot
x x
x x
x x
x x
=
=
=
=

2. Hai cung b nhau: x t v x

sin( ) sin
cos( ) cos
tan( ) tan
cot( ) cot
x x
x x
x x
x x
t
t
t
t
=
=
=
=

3. Hai cung ph nhau:
2
x
t
v x
sin cos cos sin
2 2
tan cot cot tan
2 2
x x x x
x x x x
t t
t t
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .

4. Hai cung hn km nhau Pi: x t + v x
sin( ) sin
cos( ) cos
tan( ) tan
cot( ) cot
x x
x x
x x
x x
t
t
t
t
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =
5. Cc hng ng thc lng gic
2 2
2
2
1
. sin cos 1 . 1 tan
cos
1
. 1 cot . tan .cot 1
sin
a x x b x
x
c x d x x
x
+ = + =
+ = =

6. Cng thc cng lng gic

cos( ) cos .cos sin .sin
cos( ) cos .cos sin .sin
sin( ) sin .cos sin .cos
sin( ) sin .cos sin .cos
x y x y x y
x y x y x y
x y x y y x
x y x y y x
= +
+ =
=
+ = +

7. Cng thc nhn i

2 2 2 2
sin2 2sin cos : sin 2sin cos
2 2
cos2 cos sin 2cos 1 1 2sin
nx nx
x x x TQ nx
x x x x x
= =
= = =

8. Cng thc nhn ba:
3 3
sin3 3sin 4sin cos3 4cos 3cos x x x x x x = =
9. Cng thc h bc:

2 2
1 cos 2 1 cos 2
sin cos
2 2
x x
x x
+
= =
10. Cng thc bin i tch thnh tng

| |
| |
| |
1
cos .cos cos( ) cos( )
2
1
sin .sin cos( ) cos( )
2
1
sin .cos sin( ) sin( )
2
x y x y x y
x y x y x y
x y x y x y
= + +
= +
= + +

11 . Cng thc bin i tng thnh tch
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
2

cos cos 2cos cos
2 2
cos cos 2sin sin
2 2
sin sin 2sin cos
2 2
sin sin 2cos sin
2 2
x y x y
x y
x y x y
x y
x y x y
x y
x y x y
x y
+
+ =
+
=
+
+ =
+
=


A. CNG THC BIN I
I/. GI TR LNG GIC
Bi 1: Cho
3 3
sin < < .Tnh cos ,tan ,cot .
5 2
p
a p a a a a

= -

Bi 2: Cho 5cosa + 4 = 0
( )
o o
180 < a < 270
.Tnh sina , tana, cota.
Bi 3: Cho
o o o o
tan15 2 3. Tnh sin15 , cos15 , cot15 . = -
Bi 4: Tnh
tanx cot x
A
tanx cot x
+
=
-
bit
1
sinx = .
3
Tnh
2sinx 3cosx
B
3sinx 2cosx
+
=
-
bit tanx = -2
Tnh
2 2
2
sin x 3sinxcos x 2cos x
C
1 4sin x
+ -
=
+
bit cotx = -3
Bi 5: Chng minh:
4 4 2 2 6 6 2 2
a/sin x+cos x=1-2sin xcos x; b/sin x+cos x=1-3sin xcos x
(s dng nh 1 cng thc)
2 2 2 2 2 2
c/tan x = sin x+sin x.tan x; d/sin x.tanx + cos x.cotx + 2sinx.cosx = tanx + cotx
Bi 6: Chng minh cc ng thc sau:

2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
1-2cos x 1+sin x cosx 1
a/ = tan x-cot x; b/ = 1+2tan x; c/ +tanx =
1+sinx cosx sin x.cos x 1-sin x
sinx 1+cosx 2 1-sinx cosx sinx+cosx-1 cosx
d/ + = ; e/ = ; f/ =
1+cosx sinx sinx cosx 1+sinx sinx-cosx+1 1+sinx
1+cosx
g/
( )( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
1-cosx 4cotx sin x cos x
- = ; h/1- - = sinx.cosx;
1-cosx 1+cosx sinx 1+cotx 1+tanx
1 tan x-tan y sin x-sin y
i/ 1-cosx 1+cot x = ; j/ =
1+cosx tan x.tan y sin x.sin y

Bi 7: * Chng minh cc biu thc sau c lp i vi x:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
6 6 4 4 4 2 4 2
2
4 4 2 2 8 8 8 8 6 6 4
6 6
4 2 4 2
4 4
A=2 sin x+cos x -3 sin x+cos x ; B=cos x 2cos x-3 +sin x 2sin x-3
C=2 sin x+cos x+sin xcos x - sin x+cos x ; D=3 sin x-cos x +4 cos x-2sin x +6sin x
sin x+cos x-1
E= sin x+4cos x+ cos x+4sin x; F= ;
sin x+cos x-1
4 4
6 6 4
2 2
sin x+3cos x-1
G=
sin x+cos x+3cos x-1
H=cosx 1-sinx 1-cosx 1-sin x +sinx 1-cosx 1-sinx 1-cos x ;(x 0; )
2
p





II/. GI TR LNG GIC CA CUNG C BIT
* Bit 1 HSLG khc:
Bi 1: Cho sinx = - 0,96 vi
3
x 2
2
p
p


< <

a/ Tnh cosx ; b/ Tnh
( ) ( ) sin x , cos x , tan x , cot 3 x
2 2
p p
p p



+ - + -





Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
3
Bi 2: Tnh:

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2cos sin tan
2 2
A 2cos ;
cot sin
2
3 3
sin tan sin cot
2 2 2 2
B cot cot tan
3 cos 2 tan
cos cot
2
p p
a a p a
a
p
a p a
p p p p
a b b a
b b b
p p b p a
p a b


- + -




= -


+ -

+ + - +




= - + -

- -

- -

Bi 3: n gin biu thc:

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
9 5
A sin 13 cos cot 12 tan ;
2 2
7 3 3
B cos 15 sin tan .cot
2 2 2
5 9 7
C sin 7 cos cot 3 tan 2tan
2 2 2
p p
p a a p a a
p p p
p a a a a
p p p
p a a p a a a



= + - - + - + -







= - + - - + -







= + + - - - + - + -

Bi 4: n gin biu thc:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
o o o o o
A sin a sin 2 a sin 3 a ... sin 100 a
B cos 1710 x 2sin x 2250 cos x 900 2sin 720 x cos 540 x
p p p p = + + + + + + + +
= - - - + + + - + -

Bi 5: n gin biu thc:

( ) ( )
( )
( )
o o
o o o
19
tan x .cos 36 x .sin x 5
2sin2550 cos 188
1 2
A B
9
tan368 2cos638 cos98
sin x .cos x 99
2
p
p p
p
p


- - -

-

= = +

+

- -

Bi 6: Chng minh:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
o o o o o o
2 2
a / sin825 cos 2535 cos75 sin 555 tan 695 tan 245 0
85 3
b/ sin x cos 207 x sin 33 x sin x 1
2 2
p p
p p
- + - + =


+ + + + + + - =





Bi 7: Cho tam gic ABC.Chng minh:

A B C
a / sin(A B) sinA; b/ cosA cos(B C) 0; c/ sin cos ;
2 2
3A B C
d/ cosC cos(A B 2C) 0; e/ sinA cos 0
2
+
+ = + + = =
+ +
+ + + = + =

III/. CNG THC LNG GIC
Bi 8: Tnh gi tr cc HSLG ca cc cung sau:
o o o o o
15 ,75 ,105 , 285 ,3045
Bi 9: Tnh gi tr cc HSLG ca cc cung sau:
7 13 19 103 299
, , , ,
12 12 12 12 12
p p p p p

Bi 10: Tnh
cos x
3
p


-

bit
12 3
sinx , ( < x < 2 )
13 2
p
p = -

Bi 11: Cho 2 gc nhn , a b c
1 1
tan , tan
2 3
a b = = . a/ Tnh ( ) tan a b + b/ Tnh
a b +
Bi 12: Cho 2 gc nhn x v y tho :
x y
4
tan x.tan y 3 2 2
p

+ =

= -

a/ Tnh ( ) tan x y ; tan x tan y + + b/ Tnh tanx , tany c/ Tnh x v y.
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
4
Bi 13: Tnh
tan x
4
p

bit
40
sin x
41
= - v
3
< x <
2
p
p
Bi 14: Tnh
tan
4
p
a

theo tana . p dng: Tnh tg15
o

Bi 15: Tnh:
o o o
o o o o
o o o
o o o
o o o o
o o
tan25 tan20 1 tan15
A sin20 cos10 sin10 cos 20 B C
1 tan25 .tan20 1 tan15
3 tan225 cot 81 .cot 69
D sin15 3cos15 E sin15 cos15 F
3 cot 261 tan201
+ +
= + = =
- -
-
= - = + =
+

Bi 16: Tnh:

3
a / A cos x cos x cos x cos x
3 4 6 4
2 2
b/ B tanx.tan x tan x tan x tan x tan x
3 3 3 3
p p p p
p p p p



= - + + + +







= + + + + + +





Bi 17: Chng minh biu thc sau c lp i vi x:

2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
A cos x cos x cos x B sin x sin x sin x
3 3 3 3
p p p p


= + + + - = + + + -





Bi 18: Chng minh:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
a / cos a b .cos a b cos a sin b cos b sin a
b/ sin a b .sin a b sin a sin b cos b cos a
c/ sin a b .cos a b sinacosa sinbcosb
d/ sin a sin a 2sina
4 4
p p
+ - = - = -
+ - = - = -
+ - = +


+ - - =





Bi 19: Loi 5: H thc lng trong tam gic
Cho tam gic ABC.Chng minh:

1/ sinA = sinB.cosC + sinC.cosB
2/ cosA = sinB.sinC - cosB.cosC
A B C B C
3/ sin cos cos sin sin
2 2 2 2 2
A B C B C
4/ cos sin cos cos sin
2 2 2 2 2
5/ tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA.tanB.tanC A,B,C
2
A B B
6/ tan tan tan
2 2
p
= -
= -

+
C C A
tan tan tan 1
2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
7/ cot cot cot cot .cot .cot
2 2 2 2 2 2
8/ cotA.cotB +cotB.cotC +cotC.cotA = 1
+ =
+ + =

( hc thuc kt qu )
Cng thc bin i:
Bi 20: BIN I THNH TNG
( ) ( )
o o
2
a / sin .sin b/ cos5x.cos3x c/ sin x 30 cos x 30
5 5
p p
+ -
( ) ( ) ( )
d / 2sin x.sin 2x.sin3x; e / 8cos x.sin 2x.sin3x;
f / sin x .sin x .cos 2x; g / 4cos a b .cos b c .cos c a
6 6
p p



+ - - - -





Bi 21: BIN I THNH TCH
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
5

( ) ( ) ( )
a / cos4x cos3x; b/ cos3x cos6x; c/ sin5x sin x
d/ sin a b sin a b ; e/ tan a b tana; f / tan2a tana
+ - +
+ - - + + -

Bi 22: H THC LNG TRONG TAM GIC
Trong tam gic ABC.Hy chng minh v hc thuc cc kt qu sau :
A B C
9/ sinA + sinB + sinC = 4cos .cos .cos
2 2 2
A B C
10/ cosA + cosB + cosC = 1 + 4sin .sin .sin
2 2 2
11/ sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 4sinA.sinB.sinC
12/ cos2A + cos2B + cos2C = -1 -
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
4cosA.cosB.cosC
13/ sin A + sin B + sin C = 2 1 +cosA.cosB.cosC
14/ cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 - 2cosA.cosB.cosC
A B C
15/ sinA + sinB - sinC = 4sin .sin .cos
2 2 2

( tip theo Loi 5- Trang 8)
Bi 23: Chng minh
ABC D
vung nu:

2 2 2
sin B sinC
a / sin A ; b/ sinC cos A cos B; c / sin A sin B sin C 2
cos B cosC
+
= = + + + =
+

Bi 24: Chng minh
ABC D
cn nu:
2
C sin B
a / sin A 2sin B.cosC; b/ tan A tan B 2cot ; c / tan A 2tan B tan A. tan B; d / 2cos A
2 sinC
= + = + = =

Bi 25: Chng minh
ABC D
u nu:
1 3
a / cos A.cos B.cosC ; b/ sin A sin B sinC sin 2A sin 2B sin 2C; c/ cos A cos B cosC
8 2
= + + = + + + + =

Bi 26: Chng minh
ABC D
cn hoc vung nu:

( ) ( )
2
2
2 2 2 2 2
sin B C sin B C
C tan B sin B
a / tan A. tan B. tan 1; b / ; c /
2 tan C sin C sin B sin C sin B sin C
+ -
= = =
+ -

Bi 27: Hy nhn dng
ABC D
bit:

2 2 2
sin A
a / sin 4A sin 4B sin 4C 0 b/ cos A cos B cos C 1 c / 2sinC
cos B
+ + = + + = =

B. HM S LNG GIC
I. Tm tp xc nh ca hm s lng gic
Ch : 1)
A
B
c ngha khi B 0 = (A c ngha) ; A c ngha khi A 0 >
2) 1 sinx 1 ; -1 cosx 1 s s s s
3) sin 0 ; sinx = 1 x = 2 ; sinx = -1 x = 2
2 2
x x k k k
t t
t t t = = + +
4) os 0 ; osx = 1 x = 2 ; osx = -1 x = 2
2
c x x k c k c k
t
t t t t = = + +
5) Hm s y = tanx xc nh khi
2
x k
t
t = +
Hm s y = cotx xc nh khi x kt =
Bi 1: Tm tp xc nh ca cc hm s sau
1) y = cosx + sinx 2) y = cos
1
2
x
x
+
+
3) y = sin 4 x +
4) y = cos
2
3 2 x x + 5) y =
2
os2x c
6) y = 2 sinx
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
6
7) y =
1 osx
1-sinx
c +
8) y = tan(x +
4
t
) 9) y = cot(2x - )
3
t

10) y =
1 1
sinx 2 osx c

II. Xt tnh chn, l ca cc hm s lng gic
Ch : cos(-x) = cosx ; sin(-x) = -sinx ; tan(-x) = - tanx ; cot(-x) = -cotx
sin
2
(-x) =
| |
2
sin(-x) = (-sinx)
2
= sin
2
x
Phng php: Bc 1 : Tm TXD ; Kim tra , x D x D x e e
Bc 2 : Tnh f(-x) ; so snh vi f(x) . C 3 kh nng

=

=
0 0 0
( ) ( ) chn
( ) ( ) l
C x ( ) ( ) khng chn, khng l
f x f x f
f x f x f
f x f x f

Bi 2 Xt tnh chn, l ca cc hm s sau
1) y = -2cosx 2) y = sinx + x 3) y = sin2x + 2
4) y =
1
2
tan
2
x 5) y = sin x + x
2
6) y = cos 3x
III. Xt s bin thin ca hm s lng gic
Ch : Hm s y = sinx ng bin trn mi khong 2 ; 2
2 2
k k
t t | |
+ t + t
|
\ .

Hm s y = sinx nghch bin trn mi khong
3
2 ; 2
2 2
k k
t t | |
+ t + t
|
\ .

Hm s y = cosx ng bin trn mi khong
( ) 2 ; 2 k k t+ t t
Hm s y = cosx nghch bin trn mi khong
( ) 2 ; 2 k k t t+ t
Hm s y = tanx ng bin trn mi khong ;
2 2
k k
t t | |
+ t + t
|
\ .

Hm s y = cotx nghch bin trn mi khong
( ) ; k k t t+ t
Bi 3* Xt s bin thin ca cc hm s
1) y = sinx trn ;
6 3
t t | |

|
\ .
2) y = cosx trn khong
2 3
;
3 2
t t | |
|
\ .

3) y = cotx trn khong
3
;
4 2
t t | |

|
\ .
4) y = cosx trn on
13 29
;
3 6
t t (
(


5) y = tanx trn on
121 239
;
3 6
t t (

(

6) y = sin2x trn on
3
;
4 4
t t (

(



7) y = tan3x trn khong ;
12 6
t t | |

|
\ .
8) y =sin(x +
3
t
) trn on
4 2
;
3 3
t t (

(


Bi 4: * Xt s bin thin ca cc hm s

Hm s

Khong
3
;
2
t | |
t
|
\ .
;
3 3
t t | |

|
\ .

23 25
;
4 4
t t | |
|
\ .

362 481
;
3 4
t t | |

|
\ .

y = sinx
y = cosx
y = tanx
y = cotx
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
7
Ch Hs y = f(x) ng bin trn K y = A.f(x) +B
ng bintrn K nu A > 0
nghch bintrn K nu A < 0

Bi 5* Lp bng bin thin ca hm s
1) y = -sinx, y = cosx 1 trn on
| |
; t t
2) y = -2cos 2
3
x
t | |
+
|
\ .
trn on
2
;
3 3
t t (

(


IV. Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s lng gic
Ch : 1 sinx 1 ; -1 cosx 1 s s s s ; 0 ssin
2
x s1 ; A
2
+ B >B
Bi 6*: Tm GTLN, GTNN ca cc hm s
1) y = 2sin(x-
2
t
) + 3 2) y = 3
1
2
cos2x 3) y = -1 -
2
os (2x + )
3
c
t

4) y =
2
1 os(4x ) c + - 2 5) y = 2 sinx 3 + 6) y = 5cos
4
x
t
+
7) y =
2
sin 4sinx + 3 x 8) y =
2
4 3 os 3 1 c x +

Ch :
Hm s y = f(x) ng bin trn on
| |
; a b th
| | | | a; a;
ax ( ) ( ) ; min ( ) ( )
b b
m f x f b f x f a = =
Hm s y = f(x) nghch bin trn on
| |
; a b th
| | | | a; a;
ax ( ) ( ) ; min ( ) ( )
b b
m f x f a f x f b = =
Bi 7*: Tm GTLN, GTNN ca cc hm s
1) y = sinx trn on ;
2 3
t t (

(

2) y = cosx trn on ;
2 2
t t (

(


3) y = sinx trn on ; 0
2
t (

(

4) y = cos t x trn on
1 3
;
4 2
(
(



C.PHNG TRNH LNG GIAC.
I:L THUYET .
1/Phng trnh lng giac c ban .
sin u = sin v

+ =
+ =
t t
t
2
2
k v u
k v u
( k e Z )
cos u = cos v u = v + k2t. ( k e Z )
tanu = tanv u = v + kt ( k e Z )
cotu = cotv u = v + kt ( k e Z )
2/ Phng trnh ac biet :
sinx = 0 x = kt , sinx = 1 x =
2
t
+ k2t ,sinx = -1 x = -
2
t
+ k2t
cosx = 0 x =
2
t
+ k t , cosx = 1 x = k2t , cosx = -1 x = t + k2t .
3/ Phng trnh bac nhat oi vi sinx va cosx .
La phng trnh co dang : acosx + bsinx = c (1) trong o a
2
+ b
2
= 0
Cach 1: acosx + bsinx = c ) cos( .
2 2
+ x b a = c vi
2 2
cos
b a
a
+
=
asinx +bcosx = c ) sin( .
2 2
+ + x b a = c vi
2 2
cos
b a
a
+
= .
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
8
Cach 2 :
Xet phng trnh vi x = t + kt , k e Z
Vi x = t + kt at t = tan
2
x
ta c phng trnh bac hai theo t :
(c + b)t
2
2at + c a = 0
Chu y : pt(1) hoac pt( 2) co nghiem a
2
+ b
2
- c
2
> 0 .
Bai tap :Giai cac phng trnh sau:
1. 2 sin cos 3 = x x , 2. 1 sin 3 cos = x x
3. x x x 3 sin 4 1 9 cos 3 3 sin 3
3
+ = , 4.
4
1
)
4
( cos sin
4 4
= + +
t
x x
5. ) 7 sin 5 (cos 3 5 sin 7 cos x x x x = , 6. tan 3cot 4(sin 3 cos ) x x x x = +
7.
3(1 cos 2 )
cos
2sin
x
x
x

= 8.
2
1
sin 2 sin
2
x x + =
4/ Phng trnh ch cha mot ham so lng giac :
Phng trnh ch cha mot ham so lng giac la phng trnh co
dang : f[u(x)] = 0
vi u(x) = sinx hay u(x) = cosx hay u(x) = tanx hay u(x) = cotx.
at t = u(x) ta c phng trnh f(t) = 0 .
Bai tap: Giai cac phng trnh sau:
1. 2cos
2
x +5sinx 4 = 0 , 2. 2cos2x 8cosx +5 = 0
3. 2cosx.cos2x = 1+cos2x + cos3x 4. 2(sin
4
x + cos
4
x) = 2sin2x
1
5. sin
4
2x + cos
4
2x = 1 2sin4x 6.
x
x
2
cos
3
4
cos =

7.
2
3
3 2tan
cos
x
x
= + 8. 5tan x -2cotx - 3 = 0
9.
2
6sin 3 cos12 4 x x + = 10.
4 2
4sin 12cos 7 x x + =
5/ Phng trnh ang cap theo sinx va cosx :
a/ Phng trnh ang cap bac hai : asin
2
x +b sinx cosx + c cos
2
x = 0 .
Cach 1 :
- Xet cos x = 0: Nu tho ta ly nghim .
- Xet cos 0 x = chia hai ve cua phng trnh cho cos
2
x roi at t = tanx.
Cach 2: Thay sin
2
x =
2
1
(1 cos 2x ), cos
2
x =
2
1
(1+ cos 2x) ,
sinxcosx =
2
1
sin2x ta c phng trnh bac nhat theo sin2x va
cos2x .
b/ Phng trnh ang cap bac cao : Dung phng phap at an phu t
= tanx sau khi a xet phng trnh trong trng hp cos x = 0 hay x =
2
t
+
kt ,keZ.
Bai tap :
1. 2sin
2
x 5sinx.cosx cos
2
x = - 2
2. 3sin
2
x + 8sinxcosx + ( 8 3 - 9)cos
2
x = 0
3. 4sin
2
x +3 3 sin2x 2cos
2
x = 4
4. 6sinx 2cos
3
x = 5sin2x.cosx.
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
9
5.
2 2
1
sin sin 2 2cos
2
x x x + =
6/ Phng trnh dang : a( cosx sinx ) + b sinxcosx + c = 0 .
at t = cosx + sinx , ieu kien 2 2 s s t khi o sinxcosx =
2
1
2
t

Ta a phong trnh a cho ve phng trnh bac hai theo t .
Chu y : neu phng trnh co dang :a( cosx - sinx ) + b sinxcosx + c = 0
at t = cosx - sinx , ieu kien 2 2 s s t khi o sinxcosx =
2
1
2
t

Bai tap : Giai cac phng trnh sau :
1. 3(sinx + cosx ) +2sin2x + 3 = 0
2. sin2x 12( sinx cosx ) = -12
3. 2(cosx + sinx) = 4sinxcosx +1
4. sin2x 12( sinx + cosx )+12 = 0
5. cosx sinx 2sin2x 1 = 0
7. Cac phng trnh lng giac khac.
Bai 1: Giai cac phng trnh sau :
1/ cos 2x + 3cosx +2 = 0 , 2/ 2+ cos 2x = - 5sinx , 3/ 6 4cos
2
x 9sinx
= 0,
4/ 2cos 2x + cosx = 1 , 5/ 2tg
2
x + 3 =
x cos
3
, 6/ 4sin
4
+12cos
2
x = 7
Bai 2 : Giai cac phng trnh sau :
1/ 4(sin3x cos 2x ) = 5(sinx 1) . HD : at t =sinx
2/ x
x
2
cos
3
4
cos = S : x = k3t , x=
4
t
+k3t , x =
4
5t

+k3t
3/ 1+ sin
2
x
sinx - cos
2
x
sin
2
x = 2cos
2
(
4
t

2
x
) S: sinx =1 v sin
2
x
=
1
4/ 1+ 3tanx = 2sin 2x HD : at t = tanx , S : x = -
4
t

+ k t
5/ 2cos 2x 8cosx + 7 =
x cos
1
S : x = k2t , x =
3
t
+k2t
6/ sin2x(cotx +tanx ) = 4cos
2
x S : cosx = 0 , cos 2x =
2
1

7/ 2cos
2
2x +cos 2x = 4sin
2
2xcos
2
x
8/ cos 3x cos 2x = 2
9/ 4sinx + 2cos x =2 + 3tanx HD :at t =
tan
2
x

10/ sin2x+ 2tanx = 3
11/ sin
2
x + sin
2
3x = 3cos
2
2x HD :at t =cos
2x


12/ tan
3
( x -
4
t
) = tanx - 1 S : x = kt v x =
4
t

+ kt
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
10
13/ sin 2x cos 2x = 3sinx + cosx 2 HD : a ve PT bac hai theo
sinx.
14/ sin2x + cos 2x + tanx = 2 S : x =
4
t
+
kt
15/ cos3x 2cos 2x + cosx = 0
II. PHNG TRNH ANG CAP BAC n THEO SINX ,COSX.
Giai cac phng trnh sau :
1/ sin
2
x + 2sin 2x 3 +7cos
2
x = 0 .
2/ cos
3
x sin
3
x = cosx + sinx.
3/ sinxsin2x + sin3x = 6cos
3
x
4/ sin
3
x + cos
3
x = 2( sin
5
x + cos
5
x ) S : x=
4
t
+
2
t k

5/ sin
3
(x -
4
t
) = 2 sinx S : x =
4
t
+kt
6/ 3cos
4
x sin
2
2x + sin
4
x = 0 S :x =
3
t
+ kt v x=
4
t
+
2
t k

7/ 3sin
4
x +5cos
4
x 3 = 0 .
8/ 6sinx 2cos
3
x = 5sin 2x cosx
III. PHNG TRNH OI XNG PT PHAN OI XNG .
Giai cac phng trnh sau :
1/ cos
3
x + sin
3
x = sin 2x + sinx + cosx 2/ 2cos
3
x + cos 2x +sinx = 0
3/ 1 + sin
3
x + cos
3
x =
2
3
sin2x 4/ 6( cos x sinx ) + sinxcosx
+ 6 = 0
5/ sin
3
x cos
3
x = 1 + sinxcosx 6/
3
10
cos sin
sin
1
cos
1
= + + + x x
x x

7/ tanx + tan
2
x + tan
3
x + cotx+cot
2
x +cot
3
x = 6
8/
x
2
sin
2
+ 2tan
2
x + 5tanx + 5cotx + 4 = 0
9/ 1 + cos
3
x sin
3
x = sin 2x 10/ cos
3
x sin
3
x = -
1
11/ 2cos 2x + sin
2
x cosx + cos
2
x sinx = 2( sinx + cosx ).


IV.PHNG TRNH TCH VA PHNG TRNH LNG GIAC KHAC .
Giai cac phng trnh sau:
1/ sin 2x +2cos2x = 1 + sinx 4cosx 2/ sin 2x cos 2x = 3sinx
+cosx 2
3/ sin
2
x + sin
2
3x 3cos
2
2x = 0 4/ cos3x cos
3
x sin3xsin
3
x = cos
3
4x
+
4
1

5/ sin
4
2
x
+ cos
4
2
x
= 1 2sinx 6/ cos3x 2cos 2x + cosx = 0
7/ sin
6
x + cos
6
x = sin
4
x + cos
4
x 8/ sin
4
x + cos
4
x cos
2
x = 1 2sin
2
x
cos
2
x
9/ 3sin3x - 3 cos 9x = 1 + 4sin
3
x. 10/
x
x
x x
sin
cos 1
sin cos
=

+

Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
11
11/ sin
2
)
4 2
(
t

x
tan
2
x cos
2
2
x
= 0 12/ cotx tanx + 4sinx =
x sin
1

13 / sinxcosx + cosx = - 2sin
2
x - sinx + 1 4 / sin 3x = cosxcos 2x ( tan
2
x +
tan2x )
15/ 3 2 cos )
2 sin 2 1
3 sin 3 cos
(sin 5 + =
+
+
+ x
x
x x
x 16/ sin
2
3x cos
2
4x = sin
2
5x
cos
2
6x
17 / cos3x 4cos2x +3cosx 4 = 0. 18/
2
4
4
(2 sin 2 )sin3
tan 1
cos
x x
x
x

+ =
19/ tanx +cosx cos
2
x = sinx (1+tanx.tan
2
x
)
20/ cotx 1 =
2
cos 2 1
sin sin 2
1 tan 2
x
x x
x
+
+

21/ 3 tanx(tanx + 2sinx)+ 6cosx =

D. TO HP
Tm tt gio khoa
I. Quy tc m
1. Quy tc cng: Gi s cng vic c th tin hnh theo mt trong hai phng n A v
B. Phng n A c th thc hin bi n cch; phng n B c th thc hin bi m cch.
Khi , cng vic c thc hin theo n + m cch.
2. Quy tc nhn: Gi s cng vic bao gm hai cng on A v B. Cng on A c th
thc hin bi n cch; cng on B c th thc hin bi m cch. Khi , cng vic c
thc hin bi n.m cch.
II. Hon v Chnh hp T hp
1. Hon v:
a. nh ngha: Cho tp A c n phn t. Mi s sp xp ca n phn t theo mt th t
nh trc l mt php hon v cc phn t ca tp A.
b. nh l: S php hon v ca tp hp c n phn t , k hiu P
n
l: P
n
= n! = 1.2.3n
2. Chnh hp:
a. nh ngha: Cho tp hp A c n phn t. Xt s ke m 1 k n s s . Khi ly ra k phn t
trong s n phn t ri em sp xp k phn t theo mt th t nh trc, ta c mt
php chnh hp chp k ca n phn t.
b. nh l: S php chnh hp chp k ca n phn t, k hiu
k
n
A l:
( ) ( )
( )
k
n
n!
A n. n 1 ... n k 1
n k !
= + =

.
3. T hp:
a. nh ngha: Cho tp hp A c n phn t v s ke m 1 k n s s . Mt tp hp con ca
A c k phn t c gi l mt t hp chp k ca n phn t.
b. nh l: S t hp chp k ca n phn t, k hiu
k
n
C l:
( )
( ) ( )
k
n
n n 1 ... n k 1
n!
C
k! n k ! k!
+
= =

c. Hai tnh cht c bn ca t hp:
( )
( )
*
k n k
n n
k k k 1
n 1 n n
Cho a, k :
C C 0 k n
C C C 1 k n

+
e
= s s
= + s s

III. Khai trin nh thc Newton
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
12
( )
n
n
k n k k 0 n 1 n 1 k n k k n n
n n n n n
k 0
a b C a b C a C a b .. C a b .. C b

=
+ = = + + + + +

Nhn xt:
Trong khai trin nh thc Newton c n + 1 s hng.
Trong mt s hng th tng s m ca a v b bng n.
Cc h s ca khai triu nh thc cch u s hng u v cui th bng nhau.
S hng tng qut th k + 1 k hiu T
k+1
th:
k n k k
k 1 n
T C a b

+
=

0 1 2 n n
n n n n
C C C ... C 2 + + + + =

( ) ( )
k n
0 1 2 3 k n
n n n n n n
C C C C ... 1 C ... 1 C 0 + + + + + =

Ch :
( )
n
n
k n k k
n
k 0
a b C a b

=
+ =
l khai trin theo s m ca a gim dn.
( )
n
n
k k n k
n
k 0
a b C a b

=
+ =
l khai trin theo s m ca a tng dn.

Cc Dng bi ton c bn
Dng 1: Bi ton v quy tc m
Phng php gii: Cn phn bit cng vic phi lm c tin hnh theo phng n A
hoc B chn quy tc cng, hoc bao gm cng on A v B chn quy tc nhn.
Bi 1: Bn X vo siu th mua mt o s mi, thoe c 40 hoc 41. C 40 c 3 mu
khc nhau, c 41 c 4 mu khc nhau. Hi X c bao nhiu cch chn?
Bi 2: Cho tp { } A 0;1; 2;3; 4 = . C bao nhiu s chn m mi s gm ba ch s khc nhau chn
trong s cc phn t ca A?
Bi 3: T tp { } A 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 = hi c th lp c bao nhiu s c 7 ch s sao cho ch s 1
xut hin 3 ln, cn cc ch s khc xut hin mt ln?
Dng 2: Thc hin php hon v
Phng php gii:
- S dng php xp t ca n phn t c th t: P
n
= n! = 1.2.3n
- Thc hin quy tc cng hoc quy tc nhn
Bi 4: Bn X mi hai bn nam v ba bn n d tic sinh nht. Bn nh xp nam, n
ngi ring trn cc chic gh, xp theo mt hng di. Hi X c bao nhiu cch xp t?

Dng 3: Thc hin php chnh hp
Phng php gii: Php xp t c th t ca k phn t trong n phn t:
( ) ( )
( )
k
n
n!
A n. n 1 ... n k 1
n k !
= + =

Bi 5: Trong mt phng cho 7 im A, B, C, D, E, M, N khc nhau. C bao nhiu vect
ni hai im trong cc im ?
Bi 6: T tp { } A 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5 = c th lp c bao nhiu s c 4 ch s khc nhau?
Dng 4: Thc hin php t hp
Phng php gii: Php xp t khng c th t ca k phn t chn trong n phn t:
( )
( )
k
n
n!
C 0 k n
k! n k !
= s s

Bi 7: Cho 7 im phn bit khng tn ti ba im thng hng. T 7 im trn c th lp
c bao nhiu tam gic?
Dng 5: Tm
*
ne trong phng trnh cha
k k
n n n
P , A , C
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
13
Phng php gii: Dng cc cng thc:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
k k
n n n
n! n!
P n! n 1 ; A n n 1 ... n k 1 1 k n ; C 0 k n
n k ! k! n k !
= > = + = s s = s s


Bi 8: Tm
*
ne , nu c: ( )
3 n
n
n 1
2P
A 1
P

= .
Bi 9: Tm
*
ne , nu c: ( )
3 3
n n 1
6n 6 C C . 2
+
+ >

Dng 6: Tm phn t c bit trong khai trin ca (a + b)
n
.
Phng php gii: S dng cng thc khai trin ca nh thc Newton:
( )
n
n
k n k k 0 n 1 n 1 2 n 2 2 k n k k n n
n n n n n n
k 0
a b C a b C a C a b C a b .. C a b .. C b

=
+ = = + + + + + +

(khai trin theo ly tha ca a

tng, b gim)
(Ch : ( )
n
n
k k n k
n
k 0
a b C a b

=
+ =

khai trin theo ly tha ca a gim dn, b tng dn)

Bi 10: Tm s hng cha x
3
trong khai trin (11 + x)
11
.
Bi 11: Trong khai trin
10
3
3
2 x
x
| |

|
\ .
, (x > 0), hy tm s hng khng cha x.
Bi 12: Tm h s ca x
8
trong khai trin ( )
8
2
1 x 1 x ( +


Bi 13: Cho khai trin: ( )
10
2 10
0 1 2 10
1 2x a a x a x .. a x + = + + + + , c cc h s
0 1 2 10
a , a , a ,.., a . Tm h
s ln nht
Bi 14: Tm s hng trong cc khai trin sau
1) S hng th 13 trong khai trin
25
(3 x) -
2) S hng th 18 trong khai trin
2 25
(2 x ) -
3) S hng khng cha x trong khai trin
12
1
x
x

4) 32) S hng khng cha x trong khai trin
12
28
3
15
x x x
-

5) 33) S hng cha a, b v c s m bng nhau trong khai trin
21
3
3
a b
b a

Bi 15: Tm h s ca s hng trong cc khai trin sau
1) H s ca s hng cha
4
x trong khai trin
12
x 3
3 x

2) H s ca s hng cha
8
x trong khai trin
12
5
3
1
x
x

3) H s ca s hng cha
8
x trong khai trin
8
2
1 x (1 x)

+ -



4) H s ca s hng cha
5
x trong khai trin
( )
10
2 3
1 x x x + + +
5) H s ca s hng cha
3
x trong khai trin
2 10
(x x 2) - +
6) H s ca s hng cha
4
x trong khai trin
2 10
(1 x 3x ) + +
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
14
7) H s ca s hng cha
3
x trong khai trin:
8)
3 4 5 50
S(x) (1 x) (1 x) (1 x) ... (1 x) = + + + + + + + +
9) H s ca s hng cha
3
x trong khai trin:
10)
3 4 5 22
S(x) (1 2x) (1 2x) (1 2x) ... (1 2x) = + + + + + + + +
11) Tm h s ca s hng cha x
10
trong khai trin
10 10
(1 x) (x 1) + + .

Dng 7: Tm tng c cha
k
n
C
Phng php gii: T bi, ta lin kt vi mt nh thc khai trin v cho x gi tr
thch hp, t suy ra kt qu.
Bi 16: Tnh tng: ( ) ( )
k n
0 1 2 n 0 1 2 k n
1 n n n n 2 n n n n n
S C C C ... C ; S C C C ... 1 C ... 1 C = + + + + = + + + +
Bi 17: Tnh tng:
0 2 4 2n 1 3 2n 1
3 2n 2n 2n 2n 4 2n 2n 2n
S C C C ... C ; S C C ... C

= + + + + = + + +
Bi 18: Tnh tng: ( )
n
0 1 2 2 3 3 n
n n n n n
T C 2C 2 C 2 C ... 2 C = + + +

E. CAP SO CONG
Kien thc can nh:
1. nh ngha: Cap so cong la mot day so ( hu han hay vo
han), trong o, ke t so hang th hai, moi so hang eu la tong
cua so hang ng ngay trc no vi mot so khong oi goi la
cong sai.
Goi d la cong sai, theo nh ngha ta co: u
n+1
= u
n
+ d (n = 1, 2, ...).
ac biet: Khi d = 0 th cap so cong la mot day so trong o tat ca
cac so hang eu bang nhau.
e ch rang day so (u
n
) la mot cap so cong,ta k hieu u
1
, u
2
,
..., u
n
, ....
2. So hang tong quat
nh l: So hang tong quat u
n
cua mot cap so cong co so
hang au u
1
va cong sai d c cho bi cong thc: u
n
= u
1
+
(n - 1)d
3. Tnh chat cac so hang cua cap so cong
nh l: trong mot cap so cong, moi so hang ke t so hang
th hai ( va tr so hang cuoi cung oi vi cap so cong hu
han), eu la trung bnh cong cua hai so hang ke ben no, tc la
2
1 1 +
+
=
k k
k
u u
u (k > 2).
4. Tong n so hang au cua mot cap so cong
nh l: e tnh S
n
taco hai cong thc sau:
- S
n
tnh theo u
1
va d | | d n u
n
S
n
) 1 ( 2
2
1
+ =
- S
n
tnh theo u
1
va u
n
) (
2
1 n n
u u
n
S + =
BAI TAP AP DUNG
Bai 1: Xac nh so hang can tm trong moi cap so cong di
ay:
,... 8 , 5 , 2 / a tm u
15
.
,... 3 2 , 4 , 3 2 / + b tmu
20
.
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
15
S:
3 18 40 /
44 /
20
15
=
=
u b
u a

Bai 2: Xac nh cap so cong co cong sai la 3, so hang cuoi
la 12 va co tong bang 30.
Bai 3: Cho cap so cong:

= +
= +
26
10
6 4
3 5 2
u u
u u u

Tm so hang au va cong sai cua no.
Bai 4: Tm cap so cong co 5 so hang biet tong la 25 va tong
cac bnh phng cua chung la 165.
Bai 5: Tm 3 so tao thanh mot cap so cong biet so hang au
la 5 va tch so cua chung la 1140.
Bai 6: Tm chieu dai cac canh cua mot tam giac vuong biet
chung tao thanh mot cap so cong vi cong sai la 25.
Bai 7: Cho cap so cong u
1
, u
2
, u
3
, ...
Biet u
1
+ u
4
+ u
7
+ u
10
+ u
13
+ u
16
= 147.
Tnh u
1
+ u
6
+ u
11
+ u
16
.
Bai 8: Mot cap so cong (a
n
) co a
3
+ a
13
= 80.
Tm tong S
15
cua 15 so hang au tien cua cap so cong o.
Bai 9: Mot cap so cong co 11 so hang. Tong cua chung la
176. Hieu cua so hang cuoi va so hang au la 30. Tm cap so
o.
Bai 10: cho cap so cong (a
n
) co a
1
= 4, d = -3. Tnh a
10
.
Bai 11: Tnh u
1
, d trong cac cap so cong sau ay:

=
=

=
= +
35
19
/ 2
129
14
/ 1
9
5
13
5 3
u
u
S
u u

=
= +

=
=
7 2
31
/ 4
2
45
9
/ 3
9 4
10 3
6
4
u u
u u
S
S

S: 1/ u
1
=
13
53
va d =
39
38
; 2/ u
1
= 3 va d = 4.
3/ u
1
= 0 va d =
2
3
; 4/ u
1
= va d = .
Bai 12: Cho cap so cong (u
n
) co u
3
= -15, u
14
= 18.
Tnh tong cua 20 so hang au tien.
Bai 13: Cho cap so cong (u
n
) co u
1
= 17, d = 3. Tnh u
20
va S
20.

S: u
20
= 74, S
20
= 910
Bai 14: Cho cap so cong (u
n
) co a
10
= 10, d = -4.
Tnh u
1
va S
10
. S: u
1
= 46, S
10
= 280
Bai 15: Cho cap so cong (u
n
) co u
6
= 17 va u
11
= -1.
Tnh d va S
11
. S: d =
5
18
va S
11
= 187
Bai 16: Cho cap so cong (u
n
) co u
3
= -15, u
4
= 18.
Tm tong cua 20 so hang au tien. S: S
20
= 1350

CAP SO NHAN
Kien thc can nh:
1. nh ngha: Cap so nhan la mot day so ( hu han hay vo
han), tronh o ke t so hang th hai moi so hang eu la tch
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
16
cua so hang ng ngay trc no vi mot so khong oi goi
la cong boi.
Goi q la cong boi, theo nh ngha ta co
u
n+1
=u
n
.q (n = 1, 2, ...).
ac biet:
Khi q = 0 th cap so nhan la mot day so dang u
1
, 0, 0, ..., 0, ...
Khi q = 1 th cap so nhan la mot day so dang u
1
, u
1
, ..., u
1
, ...
Neu u
1
= 0 th vi moi q, cap so nhan la day so 0, 0, ..., ...
e ch day so (u
n
) la mot cap so nhan ta thng dung k hieu

..
..
u
1
, u
2
, ..., u
n
, ....
2. So hang tong quat
nh l: So hang tong quat cua mot cap so nhan c cho bi
cong thc:
u
n
= u
1
1 n
q
(q 0 = )
3. Tnh chat cac so hang cua cap so nhan
nh l: Trong mot cap so nhan, moi so hang ke t so hang
th hai (tr so hang cuoi oi vi cap so nhan hu han) eu co
gia tr tuyet oi la trung bnh nhan cua hai so hang ke ben no, tc
la:

1 1
.
+
=
k k k
u u u ) 2 ( > k
4. Tong n so hang au cua mot cap so nhan.
Cho mot cap so nhan vi cong boi q = 1
u
1
, u
2
, ...,u
n
, ...
nh l: Ta co:
1
1
1

=
q
q
u S
n
n
(q = 1)
BAI TAP AP DUNG
Bai 1: Tm cac so hang cua cap so nhan biet:
1/ Cap so nhan co 6 so hang ma u
1
= 243 va u
6
= 1
2/ Cho q =
4
1
, n = 6, S
6
= 2730. Tm u
1
, u
6
.
Bai 2: Cho cap so nhan co: u
3
= 18 va u
6
= -486.
Tm so hang au tien va cong boi q cua cap so nhan o
Bai 3: Tm u
1
va q cua cap so nhan biet:

=
=
144
72
3 5
2 4
u u
u u

Bai 4: Tm u
1
va q cua cap so nhan (u
n
) co: u
3
=12, u
5
=48.
Bai 5: Tm u va q cua cap so nhan (u
n
) biet:

= + +
= + +
351
13
6 5 4
3 2 1
u u u
u u u

Bai 6: Tm cap so nhan (u
n
) biet cap so o co 4 so hang co
tong bang 360 va so hang cuoi gap 9 lan so hang th hai.
Bai 7: Tong 3 so hang lien tiep cua mot cap so cong la 21.
Neu so th hai tr i 1 va so th ba cong them 1 th ba so o
lap thanh mot cap so nhan. Tm ba so o.
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
17
PHN II. HNH HC
CHNG 1: PHP BIN HNH
Cau 1: Trong mat phang oxy,phep tnh tien theo vect ( ; ) v a b bien
iem M(x;y) thanh M(x;y) . Tm toa o iem M'
Cau 2:Trong mat phang oxy cho iem M (1;2) .Phep tnh tien theo vect
(2;3) v bien iem M thanh iem N. Tm toa o iem N.
Cau 3: Trong mat phang oxy cho iem A(4;5). Tm iem B(x,y) sao cho A
la anh cua iem B qua phep tnh tien theo (2;1) v :
Cau4 : Trong cac hnh sau ay, hnh nao co ba truc oi xng:
A) tam giac eu B) hnh ch nhat C) Hnh vuong
D)Hnh thoi
Cau5: Trong mat phang oxy Cho iem M(2;3). Phep oi xng qua
truc ox bien iem M thanh M. Tm toa o iem M'
Cau 6: Trong mat phang oxy cho ng thang d co phng trnh : x+y -
5=0 .Tm anh cua ng thang d qua phep tnh tien vect (1;1) v ?
Cau 6: Trong mat phang oxy cho ng thang d co phng trnh :
3x+5y-4=0.Tm anh cua ng thang d qua phep oi xng truc ox.
Cau 8 :Trong mat phang oxy Cho iem M(2;3).Phep oi xng qua
goc toa o bien iem M thanh iem N. Tm toa o iem N?
Cau 8 :Trong mat phang oxy cho ng thang d co phng trnh : x+y -
5=0 3x+4y-6=0, phep oi xng qua goc toa o bien d thanh d. Tm
phng trnh d'
Cau 7: Trong mat phang oxy cho ng tron (C) co phng trnh (x-5)
2

+(y-4)
2
=36 . Phep tnh tien theo vect (1; 2) v bien (C) thanh (C). Tm
phng trnh (C')
Cau 7: Trong mat phang oxy cho ng tron (C) co phng trnh (x-
5)
2
+(y-4)
2
=25 . Phep oi xng qua goc toa o bien (C) thanh (C).
Tm phng trnh (C')
Cau 12 :Trong cac phep bien hnh sau phep nao khong phai la
phep di hnh ?
A) phep ong dang vi t so k=1 ; B) phep v t t so k= 1 ; C)
phep tnh tien ; D)phep chieu vuong goc
Cau 13 : Trong mat phang oxy cho ng tron (C) co phng trnh (x-
1)
2
+(y-3)
2
=16 . Phep di hnh co c bang cach thc hien lien tiep
phep oi xng qua goc toa o bien (C) thanh (C') va phep tnh tien
(1; 4) v bien (C') thanh (C'). Tm phng trnh cua (C'').
Cau 14 :Cho hnh vuong ABCD .Goi O la giao iem cua hai ng
cheo .Thc hien phep quay tam O bien hnh vuong ABCD thanh chnh
no. Tm so o cua goc quay o?
Cau 15 : Phep v t tam O t so k (k= 0) la mot phep bien hnh
bien iem M thanh iem M sao cho :
A) OM = k ' OM B) ' OM = kOM C) OM =k OM D) ' OM =
1
k
OM
Cau 16 : trong mp oxy cho iem M( -2;4 ). Phep v t tam O t so k = -
2 bien iem M thanh iem N. Tm toa o iem N
Cau 17 : trong mpoxy cho ng thang d co PT: 2x + y 4 = 0. Phep v
t tam O t so k = 3 bien d thanh ng thang d'. Tm phng trnh d'?
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
18
Cau 18 : trong mpoxy cho ng tron (C) co phng trnh : ( x -1 )
2
+ y
2
=
16. phep v t tam O t so k = 2 bien (C) thanh ng tron (C'). Tm
phng trnh (C')
Cau 19 : Thc hien lien tiep hai phep oi xng truc co hai truc oi
xng song song la phep nao sau ay:
A) phep oi xng truc B) phep tnh tien C) phep quay D)
phep oi xng tam
Cau 20 : Trong mp oxy cho iem M(1;2) . phep ong dang co c
bang cach thc hien lien tiep phep
2
o
V va phep oi xng qua truc
oy bien M thanh iem N. Tm N? Cau 21 :Trong mat phang oxy cho
ng thang d co phng trnh : x+ y+2=0 . phep ong dang co c
bang cach thc hien lien tiep phep v t tam O t so
1
2
va phep
oi xng qua truc ox bien d thanh d. Tm phng trnh d'?
Cau 22 : Trong cac phep bien hnh sau ay phep bien hnh nao
khong co tnh chat bien mot ng thang thanh mot ng thang
song song hoac trung vi no:
A) phep oi xng tam B) phep tnh tien C) phep v t D)
phep oi xng truc
Cau 23: Cho ng tron (C ) co phng trnh (x-1)
2
+ (y-2)
2
=4 .Phep
ong dang co c bang cach thc hien lien tiep phep v t tam
O t so k=3 va phep tnh tien theo vect (1; 2) V bien (C) thanh (C').
Tm (C') ?
Cau 24 : Cho ng tron (C ) co phng trnh (x-1)
2
+ (y-2)
2
=4 . Phep
ong dang co c bang cach thc hien lien tiep phep v t tam
O t so k=3 va phep oi xng qua goc toa o bien (C) thanh (C').
Tm (C')?
Cau 25 : Chon khang nh sai trong cac khang nh sau :
A)phep tnh tien bien ng tron thanh ng tron co cung
ban knh
B) phep oi xng truc bien ng tron thanh ng tron co
cung ban knh
C) phep oi xng tam bien ng tron thanh ng tron co
cung ban knh
D) phep v t bien ng tron thanh ng tron co cung
ban knh
CHNG 2. QUAN HE SONG SONG
Vn 1 : TM GIAO TUYN CA HAI MT PHNG o V | :
Mun tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng o v | ta i tm hai im chung I ; J ca o v
| o | = I J
Khi tm im chung ta ch :
Cch gi tn hai mt phng pht hin im chung
M e d v d c o M e o

| c o c
=
b ; a
M b a (P) trong
M l im chung

1. 1: 1)Cho t din ABCD c E l trung im ca AB. Hy xc nh giao tuyn ca mt
phng (ECD) vi cc mt phng (ABC) ; (ABD) ; (BCD) ; (ACD)
o
|
I J
- -
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
19
2)Cho t din SABC v mt im I trn on SA; d l ng thng trong (ABC)
ct AB; BC ti J ; K. Tm giao tuyn ca mt phng (I,d) vi cc mt phng sau : (SAB)
; (SAC) ; (SBC)

1. 2: 1)Cho t gic li ABCD v im S khng nm trong mt phng cha t gic. Tm
giao tuyn ca :
a) (SAC) v (SBD) b) (SAB) v (SCD) c) (SAD) v (SBC)

2)Cho hnh chp S.ABCDE. Hy xc nh giao tuyn ca mt phng (SAC) vi
cc mt phng (SAD) ; (SCE)

1. 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l mt t gic li ; M l im trn cnh CD.
Tm giao tuyn ca cc mt phng :
a)(SAM) v (SBD) b)(SBM) ; (SAC)

1. 4: Cho t din ABCD; M l im nm trong AABC; N l im nm trong AACD. Tm
giao tuyn ca : a) (AMN) v (BCD) b) (CMN) v (ABD)

1. 5: Cho t din ABCD .M nm trn AB sao cho AM =
4
1
MB ; N nm trn AC sao cho
AN = 3NC; im I nm trong ABCD. Tm giao tuyn ca :
a) (MNI) v (BCD) b) (MNI) v (ABD) c) (MNI) v (ACD)

1. 6: Cho t din ABCD ; gi I ; J ln lt l trung im ca AD; BC .
a) Tm giao tuyn ca : (IBC) v (JAD)
b)M l im trn AB; N l im trn AC. Tm giao tuyn ca (IBC) v (DMN)

1. 7: Cho hai ng thng a ; b e (P) v im S khng thuc (P). Hy xc nh giao
tuyn ca mt phng cha a v S vi mt phng cha b v S ?

1. 8: Cho t din ABCD ; trn AB ; AC ln lt ly hai im M v N sao cho :
NC
AN
MB
AM
= . Tm giao tuyn ca (DMN) v (BCD)

1. 9; Cho bn im ABCD khng ng phng ; gi I ; K l trung im AD ; BC . Xc
nh giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (IBC) v (KAD) ?

1. 10 : Trong mt phng o cho hnh thang ABCD c y l AB ; CD ; S l im nm
ngoi mt phng hnh thang. Tm giao tuyn ca :
a) (SAD) v (SBC) b) (SAC) v (SBD)

1.11. Hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang hai y l AD ; BC .Gi M ; N l
trung im AB ; CD v G l trng tm ASAD. Tm giao tuyn ca :
a) (GMN) v (SAC) b) (GMN) v (SBC)


Vn 2: CHNG MINH BA IM THNG HNG
V BA NG THNG NG QUY

Chng minh A; B; C thng hng :
o
|
A C
- - -
B
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
20

Ch ra A ; B ; C e o
Ch ra A ; B ; C e |
Kt lun : A; B; Ce o | A; B; C thng hng

Chng minh a ; b ; MN ng quy :

t a b = P
Chng minh M ; N ; P thng hng
Kt lun :MN ; a ; b ng quy ti P

2. 1: Cho hai mt phng o v | ct nhau theo giao tuyn d .Trn o ly hai im A ; B
nhng khng thuc d. O l im ngoi hai mt phng . Cc ng thng OA ; OB ln
lt ct | ti A ; B. AB ct d ti C
a)Chng minh O; A; B khng thng hng ?
b)Chng minh A ; B ; C thng hng ? T suy ra AB ; AB; d ng quy

2. 2: Trong khng gian cho ba tia Ox ; Oy ; Oz khng ng phng. Trn Ox ly A ; A ;
trn Oy ly B ; B trn Oz ly C ; C sao cho AB ct AB ti D ; BC ct BC ti E ; AC
ct AC ti F. Chng minh D; E ; F thng hng ?

2. 3: Cho A; B; C khng thng hng ngoi mt phng o . Gi M ; N ; P ln lt l giao
im AB ; BC ; AC vi o. Chng minh M; N; P thng hng ?

2. 4: 1) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh ; O l giao im hai
ng cho ; M ; N ln lt l trung im SA ; SD. Chng minh ba ng thng SO ;
BN ; CM ng quy
2)Cho t din ABCD.Mt phng o khng song song AB ct AC ; BC ; AD ; BD
ln lt ti M ; N ; R ; S . Chng minh AB ; MN ; RS ng quy ?

2. 5: Chng minh trong mt t din cc ng thng ni nh vi trng tm mt i din
ng quy ?

2.6. Hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang hai y l AD ; BC .Gi M ; N l
trung im AB ; CD v G l trng tm ASAD. Tm giao tuyn ca :
a) (GMN) v (SAB) b) (GMN) v (SCD)
c) Gi giao im ca AB v CD l I ; J l giao im ca hai giao tuyn ca cu a v cu
b. Chng minh S ; I ; J thng hng ?

Vn 3: CHNG MINH HAI NG THNG CHO NHAU,
V CC IM NG PHNG

Chng minh 2 ng thng a ; b cho nhau :

Gi s : a khng cho b
T suy ra hai ng thng a v b nm trong
cng mt phng o ( ng phng )
T suy ra iu mu thun vi ga thit hoc
mu thun vi mt iu ng no
M
N
-
-
a
b
P
b
a
o
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
21

Chng minh A, B, C, D nm trong cng mt mt phng ng phng

Chng minh hai ng
thng to thnh t bn
im ct nhau hoc
song song vi nhau

3. 1: Cho bn im A, B, C, D khng ng phng
a)Chng minh ba trong s 4 im ny khng thng hng
b)Chng minh AB cho vi CD ?

3. 2: Cho hai ng thng cho nhau a v b.Trn a ly hai im A, B ; trn b ly hai
im C, D
a)Chng minh AC cho BD ?
b)Ly M nm trn on AC; N nm trn on BD. ng thng MN c song song AB
hoc CD khng ?
c)O l trung im MN. Chng minh A, O, C, N ng phng

3. 3: Cho ng thng a ct hai ng thng b v c. Hi ba ng thng a, b, c c ng
phng khng ? Ti sao ?

3. 4: Cho t din ABCD. Gi I ; J l trung im AD; BC.
a) Chng minh AB cho CD ? b) Chng minh IB cho JA ?


Vn 4: TM GIAO IM CA NG THNG D V MT PHNG o

Gi s phi tm giao im d o = ?
Phng php 1:
Tm a c o
Ch ra c a ,d nm trong cng mt phng v
chng ct nhau ti M d o = M ( hnh v )

Phng php 2:
Tm | cha d thch hp
Gii bi ton tm giao tuyn a ca o v |
Trong | : a d = M d o = M ( hnh v b)

4. 1: Cho t din SABC; M ; N ln lt l cc im nm trong ASAB ; ASBC. MN ct
(ABC) ti P. Xc nh giao im P

4. 2: Cho t din ABCD ; M l trung im AB; N v P ln lt l cc im nm trn
AC; AD sao cho AN : AC = 3 : 4 ; AP : AD = 2 : 3. Tm giao im :
a) MN vi (BCD) b) BD vi (MNP)
c) Gi Q l trung im NP.Tm giao im ca MQ vi (BCD)

4. 3: A; B ; C ; D l bn im khng ng phng. M; N ln lt l trung im ca AC;
BC. Trn on BD ly P sao cho BP = 2PD. Tm giao im ca :
a) CD vi (MNP) b) AD vi (MNP)
-
A
o
B
C
D
-
-
-
-
A
o
B
C
D
-
-
-
-
o
d
a
M
-
o
M
|
d
a
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
22

4. 4: Cho hnh chp SABC ; O l im trong AABC ; D v E l cc im nm trn SB ;
SC.Tm giao im ca a) DE vi (SAO) b) SO vi (ADE)

4. 5: Cho t din SABC. I ; H ln lt l trung im SA; AB. Trn on SC ly im K
sao cho CK = 3KS.
a)Tm giao im ca ng thng BC vi (IHK) ?
b)Gi M l trung im HI. Tm giao im ca ng thng KM vi (ABC) ?

4. 6: Cho hnh chp SABCD y l hnh thang ABCD y ln AB. I; J; K l ba im
trn SA; SB; SC .Tm giao im IK v (SBD); giao im (JK) v SD; SC

4. 7: Gi I ; J ln lt l hai im nm trong AABC; AABD ca t din ABCD. M l
im tu trn CD. Tm giao im IJ v mt phng (AMB)

4. 8: Hnh chp SABCD y l hnh bnh hnh ABCD. M l trung im SD
a)Tm giao im I ca BM v (SAC) ? Chng minh : BI = 2IM ?
b)Tm giao im J ca ca SA v (BCM) ? Chng minh J l trung im SA ?
c) N l im tu trn BC. Tm giao im ca MN vi (SAC) ?


Vn 5: THIT DIN TO BI MT PHNG o VI KHI A DIN

Ln lt xt giao tuyn ca o vi cc
mt ca khi a din ng thi xt giao im ca
cc cnh ca a din vi mt phng o
Khi cc on giao tuyn tm c khp
kn thnh a gic ta c thit din phi tm.
Vic chng minh tit din c hnh
dng c bit nh hnh bnh hnh; hnh thang ;
. . . trong mt phng o cng nh vo qu trnh
i tm giao tuyn v giao im trn
Trong phn ny ta ch xt hai cch lm c bn :

I. Xc nh thit din bng cch ko di cc giao tuyn

II.Xc nh thit din bng cch v giao tuyn ph

5. 1: 1) Cho hnh lp phng ABCDABCD. Gi M ; N ; P ln lt l trung im AA
; AD ; DC . Tm thit din to bi mt phng i qua M; N; P vi hnh lp phng ?
2) Cho hnh hp ABCDABCD. Gi M ; N ; P ln lt l trung im DC ; AD
; BB. Tm thit din to bi mt phng (MNP) vi hnh hp v giao tuyn ca (MNP)
vi mt phng (ABCD)

5. 2: 1)Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh . Gi E; F; K ln lt l
trung im ca SA ; AB ; BC. Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp v mt phng i qua ba
im E; F ; K
2) Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. Gi A ; B ; C ln lt l cc im nm trn SA ;
SB; SC. Xc nh thit din to bi mt phng (ABC) vi hnh chp

A
o
B
D
C
E
F
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
23
*5. 3: Cho t din ABCD ; im I nm trn BD v ngoi BD sao cho ID = 3IB; M ; N
l hai im thuc cnh AD ; DC sao cho MA =
2
1
MD ; ND =
2
1
NC
a)Tm giao tuyn PQ ca (IMN) vi (ABC) ?
b)Xc dnh thit din to bi (IMN) vi t din ?
c)Chng minh MN ; PQ ; AC ng qui ?

*5. 4: 1)Cho t din ABCD ; im I ; J ln lt l trng tm AABC ; ADBC ; M l trung
im AD. Tm tit din to bi (MJI) v t din ?
2) Cho hnh chp S.ABCDE. Ly ba im M ; N ; K trn SA ; BC ; SD. Xc nh
thit din to bi mt phng (MNK) vi hnh chp

5. 5: Hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vi AB l y . Gi M ; N l trung
im SB ; SC .
a)Tm giao tuyn ca (SAD) v (SBC) ?
b)Tm giao im ca SD vi mt phng (AMN) ?
c)Tm tit din to bi mt phng (AMN) vi hnh chp

*5. 6: Hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh . M l trung im SC
a)Tm giao im I ca AM vi (SBD) ? Chng minh IA = 2IM
b)Tm giao im F ca SD vi (AMB) ? Chng minh F l trung im SD ?
c)Xc nh hnh dng tit din to bi (AMB) vi hnh chp
d)Gi N l mt im trn cnh AB .Tm giao im ca MN vi (SBD) ?

*5.7. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh bnh hnh tm O. Gi M ; N ; P ln lt l
trung im SB ; SD ; OC
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (MNP) vi (SAC) ?
b) Dng thit din ca (MNP) vi hnh chp ?
c) Tnh t s m (MNP) chia cnh SA ; BC ; CD ? S: c) 3 : 1 ; 1 : 1 ; 1 : 1

5.8. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh bnh hnh; gi M l trung im SB ; G l
trng tm ASAD
a) Tm giao im I ca GM vi (ABCD) ?
b) Chng minh (CGM) cha ng thng CD ?
c) Chng minh (CGM) i qua trung im SA ?
d) Dng tit din ca (CGM) vi hnh chp ?

*5.9. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh tm O ; I ; J l trng tm
ASAB ; ASAD
a) Tm giao im ca JI vi (SAC) ?
b) Dng thit din to bi (JIO) vi hnh chp

5.10. Cho hnh chp SABCD. Gi I ; M ; N l ba im trn SA ; AB ; CD
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (SAN) v (SDM) ?
b) Hy xc nh thit din to bi (IMN) vi hnh chp

BI TP TNG HP

1: Cho t din ABCD ; I l im nm ngoi on BD. Mt phng o qua I ct AB; BC;
CD; DA ti M; N; P; Q.
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
24
a) Chng minh I ; M ; Q thng hng v ba im I ; N ; P cng thng hng ?
b) Chng minh MN; AC; PQ ng qui ?

2: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh . M l trung im
SD; E l im trn cnh BC
a) Tm giao im N ca SC vi (AME) ?
b) Tm giao tuyn ca (AME) vi (SAC) ?
c) Tm giao im ca K ca SA vi (MBC) ? Chng minh K l trung im SA

3: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh .F l trung im CD; E l
im trn cnh SC sao cho SE = 2EC .Tm tit din to bi (AEF) vi hnh

4: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh .I l trung im SD; E l
im trn cnh SB sao cho SE = 3EB .
a) Tm giao im F ca CD vi mt phng (AIE) ?
b) Tm giao tuyn d ca (AIE) vi (SBC) ?
c) Chng minh BC ; AF ; d ng qui ?

5: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l t gic li .F l trung im SC; E l im
trn cnh BC sao cho BE = 2EC .
a)Tm tit din to bi (AEF) vi hnh chp ?
b) Tm giao im ca SB vi (AEF) ?

6: Hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh tm O ; M l trung im SB; G l
trng tm ASAD
a) Tm giao im I ca GM vi (ABCD) v chng minh I nm trn ng thng CD v
IC = 2ID ?
b) Tm giao im J ca (OMG) vi AD ? Tnh t s
JD
JA

c)Tm giao im K ca (OMG) vi SA ? Tnh
KS
KA
HD: b) 2 c) 2

7: Cho t din ABCD; trn AD ly N sao cho
AN = 2ND ; M l trung im AC ; trn BC ly Q sao cho BQ =
4
1
BC
a) Tm giao im I ca MN vi (BCD) ? Tnh IC:ID
b) Tm giao im J ca BD vi (MNP) ? Tnh JB:JD

8 Cho t din ABCD. Gi I ; J l hai im c nh nm trn AB ; AC v J khng song
song vi BC. Mt phng o quay quanh IJ ct cnh CD ; BD ti M ; N
a) Chng minh MN lun i qua mt im c nh ?
b) Tm tp hp giao im ca IN v JM ?
c)Tm tp hp giao im ca IM v JN ?

9. Cho hnh chp SABC. Gi A ; B ; C l cc im di ng trn SA ; SB ; SC tho :

SA =
1 n
1
+
SA ; SB =
1 n 2
1
+
SB ; SC =
1 n 3
1
+
SC
a) Chng minh AB i qua mt im c nh I v AC i qua im c nh J khi n thay
i ?
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
25
b) Chng minh (ABC) cha mt ng thng c nh
HD: a) dng nh l menelaus b) ng IJ

Vn 6 HAI T SONG SONG
Phng php :
C th dng mt trong cc cch sau :
- Chng minh hai ng thng ng phng , ri p dng phng php chng minh
song song rong hnh hc phng (nh tnh cht ng trung bnh, nh l o ca nh l
Ta-lt ...)
- Chng minh hai ng thng cng song song song vi ng thng th 3.
- p dng nh l v giao tuyn .

6.1 Cho hai hnh bnh hnh ABCD v ABEF khng cng nm trong mt phng . Trn hai
ng thng cho nhau AC v BF ln lt ly hai im M ; N sao cho
AM : AC = BN : BF = 1: 3 . Chng minh MN //< DE

6.2 Cho hai hnh bnh hnh ABCD v ABEF khng cng nm trong mt phng . Trn hai
ng thng cho nhau AC v BF ln lt ly hai im M ; N sao cho
AM : AC = BN : BF = 5 . Dng MM' < AB vi M' trn AD; NN' < AB vi N' trn AF.
Chng minh : a) MM' v NN' //< CD b) MN<// DF

Vn 7: NG THNG SONG SONG VI MT PHNG
1. Chng minh ng thng d song song vi mt phng P
Phng php :
Ta chng minh d khng nm trong (P) v song song vi ng thng a cha trong (P) .
Ghi ch : Nu a khng c sn trong hnh th ta chn mt mt phng (Q) cha d v ly a
l giao tuyn ca (P) v (Q) .

7.1 Cho t din ABCD . Trn cnh AD ly trung im M ; trn BC ly im N bt
k.Gi ( a )o o l mt phng cha ng thng MN v song song vi CD .
a)Tm tit din ca t din ABCD vi ( a )o o ?
b)Xc nh v tr ca N trn BC sao cho tit din l hnh bnh hnh ?

7.2 Cho hnh chp SABCD vi y ABCD l hnh thang c y ln l AD. Gi M l
im bt k trn cnh AB.( a )o l mt phng qua M v song song AD v SD.
a)Mt phng ( a )o o ct SABCD theo tit din l hnh g ? b)Chng minh SA // o

7.3 Cho hnh chp SABCD. c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh. Mt phng ( a )o o di
ng lun lun song song BC v ng thi i qua trung im C ca SC .
a)Mt phng ( a )o o ct cac cnh SA ; SB ; SD ln lt ti A ; B ; D tit din
ABCD l hnh g ?
b)Chng minh rng ( a )o o khi chuyn ng lun lun cha mt ng thng c nh
c)Gi M l giao im ca AC v BD .Chng minh khi ( a )o o di ng th M di ng
trn ng thng c nh

7.4 Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y l bnh hnh.Gi M l im di ng trn cnh SC; mt
phng ()o cha AM v < BD
a)Chng minh ()o lun lun i qua mt ng thng c nh khi M chuyn ng trn
cnh SC
Bi tp Ton LNG GIC
26
b) ()o ct SB v SD ti E ; F .Trnh by cch dng E v F ?
c)Gi I l giao im ca ME v CB; J l giao im ca MF v CD . Chng minh ba
im I ; J ; A thng hng

Vn 8: MAT PHANG SONG SONG
1. Chng minh hai mt phng song song
Phng php :
* Chng minh mt phng ny cha hai ng thng ct nhau ln lt song song vi hai
ng thng ct nhau nm trong mt phng kia .

8.1 Cho hnh chop S.ABCD co ay la hnh bnh hanh. Goi H,I,K lan
lt la trung iem cua SA,SB,SC.
a) Chng minh (HIK)// (ABCD).
b) Goi M la giao iem cua AI va KD, N la giao iem cua DH va
CI .Chng minh (SMN) //(HIK).

8.2 Cho hnh hop ABCD.ABCD.
a) Chng minh (BAD) // (BDC).
b) Chng minh AC qua trong tam G va G cua tam giac ABD va
CBD

8.3 Cho hnh chop S.ABCD, ay la hnh bnh hanh tam O. Goi M,N lan
lt la trung iem cua SA ,CD.
a) Cm: (OMN) //(SBC).
b) Gia s tam giac SAD, ABC eu can tai A. Goi AE,A F la cac
ng phan giac trong cua tam giac ACD va SAB . Cm: E F //(SAD).

8.4 Cho hai hnh vuong ABCD, ABE F khong cung nam trong mot mat
phang . Tren cac ng cheo AC,BF lan lt lay cac iem M,N sao
cho AM=BN . Cac dng thang // AB ve t M,N lan lt cat AD, A F tai
M,N.
a)Cm: (CBE) //(AD F).
b) Cm: (DE F)//(MNNM).