Bat Dang Thuc Va Cuc Tri

Nguyn Ngc Duy Nguyn Tng V 1
BT NG THC V CC TR
(Dnh cho cho cc bn chun b thi i hc)
1. S dng phng php bin i tng ng chng minh bt ng thc

Bi 1. Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau:
a) 2
a b
b a
+ > ( ) , 0 a b =
b) ( )
3
, , 0
2
a b c
a b c
b c a c a b
+ + > >
+ + +
(Bt Nesbit)
c) ( )
2
2 2 2
1
3
a b c a b c ab bc ac + + > + + > + +
d) ( )
4 4 4
a b c abc a b c + + > + +
Bi 2. Cho 1. xy > Chng minh rng
2 2
1 1 2
1 1 1 x y xy
+ >
+ + +

Bi 3. Chng minh rng
a)
2
3 2 0, 0 x x x + > >
b)
4
1 0, x x x R + > e
c)
4 3 2
2 1 2 , x x x x + > +
Bi 4. Chng minh cc bt ng thc sau:
a)
4 4
4 2 0, , x y xy x y R + + + > e
b)
( )
4 4 2 2
1 2 1 x y z x xy x z + + + > + +
Bi 5. Cho , a b R
+
e . Chng minh rng:
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 a b a b b a + + > + + +
Bi 6. Cho cc s dng x, y. Chng minh rng:
a) ( )
3 3
x y xy x y + > +
b)
2 2
2 2
4 3
x y x y
y x y x
| |
+ + > +
|
\ .

c)
1 1 4
x y x y
+ >
+

Bi 7. Cho , , 0 x y z > tha 1 x y z + + = . Chng minh rng:
6 1 6 1 6 1 3 3 x y z + + + + + s
Bi 8. Cho cc s thc a, b, c tha: a b c abc + + > .
Chng minh rng:
2 2 2
3 a b c abc + + >
Bi 9. Cho cc s dng x, y, z. Chng minh rng:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 4 x y z x y z x y z x y z
| |
+ + s + +
|
+ + + + + +
\ .

Bi 10. Cho cc s thc x, y, z. Chng minh rng:
a)
4 4 4
4 1 x y z xyz + + >
b) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) 9 8 x y y z z x x y z xy yz xz + + + > + + + +
Bi 11. Cho cc s thc x, y dng. Chng minh rng:
( )
2 2 2
1 1 1 4
x y xy
x y
+ + >

Bi 12. Cho cc s thc x, y, z khng m phn bit. Chng minh rng:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1 1 4
xy yz xz
x y y z z x
+ + >
+ +

Bi 13. Cho cc s thc a, b, c. Chng minh rng:
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 3 3 3
3 a b c a b b c c a + + > + +
Bi 14. Cho cc s dng a, b,c. Chng minh rng:
a)
2 2
2
1 1
2 2
a b a b
ab
a b
+ +
> > >
+

b)
2 2 2
3
3
1 1 1
3 3
a b c a b c
abc
a b c
+ + + +
> > >
+ +

Bi 15. Cho cc s thc a, b, x, y. Chng minh rng:
a)
2 2 2 2
ax by a b x y + s + +
b)
( )
( )
2
2 2
, 0
a b a b
x y
x y x y
+
+ > >
+

Bi 16. Cho cc s thc dng x, y, z. Chng minh rng:
a)
xy xz yz
x y z
z y x
+ + > + +
b)
2 2 2
x y z
x y z
y z x
+ + > + +
Bi 17. Cho ( )
3
4 2 x y xy + + > . Chng minh rng 1 x y + >
Bi 18. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha 1 x y z + + = . Chng minh rng:
1
2
2
xy yz xz + + s
Bi 19. Cho cc s thc x, y, z khng m tha x +y +z =3. Chng minh rng:
x y z xy yz xz + + > + +
Bi 20. Cho x +y =2. Chng minh rng ( )
3 3
2 x y x y + s
Bi 21. Cho , , 0 a b c > tha 1 abc = . Chng minh :
a)
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b b c c a a b c + + > + + b)
4 4 4
a b c ab bc ca + + > + +
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 1
1
1 1 1 a b b c a c
+ + s
+ + + + + +

Bi 23. Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c tha 1 abc = . Chng minh rng:
3 6
1
a b c ab bc ac
+ >
+ + + +

Bi 24. Cho , , 0 a b c > tha
( )
4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 a b c a b b c a c + + s + + . Chng minh rng:
( )
2 2 2
2 a b c ab bc ac + + s + +
Bi 25. Cho , , 0 x y z > tha x y z xyz + + = . Chng minh rng:
2 2 2
3 1 1 1 xy yz xz x y z + + > + + + + + +
Bi 26. Cho cc s | | , , 1;2 x y z e tha 0 x y z + + = . Chng minh rng
2 2 2
6 x y z + + s
Bi 27. Cho cc s | | , , 1,1 x y z e tha 0 x y z + + = . Chng minh rng
2 2 2
2 x y z + + s
Bi 28. Cho cc s | | , , 0;2 x y z e tha 3 x y z + + = . Chng minh rng
2 2 2
3 5 x y z s + + s
Bi 29. Cho cc s thc , , x y z tha:
2 2 2
x y z xyz + + = . Chng minh rng:
a) 27 xyz >
b) 27 xy yz xz + + >
c) 9 x y z + + >
d) ( ) 2 9 xy yz xz x y z + + > + + +
Bi 30. Cho x, y khng m v tha
2 2
3
4
2
x y xy + + = . Tm gi tr ln nht xy v gi tr nh
nht ca x +y.

2. Bt ng thc Cauchy v p dng
Bt ng thc Cauchy
Cho n ( ) 2 n > s thc khng m
1 2
, ,...,
n
a a a . Khi ta c:
1 2
1 2
...
...
n
n
n
a a a
a a a
n
+ + +
>
Bt ng thc Cauchy hay cn gi l bt ng thc AM GM, c nhiu ng dng trong
vic chng minh cc bt ng thc. Sau y ta xt cc cch s dng bt Cauchy
a) Cc bi ton c bn
V d 1. Tm GTLN ca :
2
(1 ) y x x = , (0,1) xe
Li gii
Do ,1 0 x x > nn p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c :
3
2
2 2 8
2 (2 2 ) . .(2 2 )
3 27
x x x
y x x x x x
+ + | |
= = s =
|
\ .

4
27
y s
Du = xy ra
2
2 2
3
x x x = =
Vy
4
27
Max y = khi
2
3
x =
V d 2. Tm GTNN ca :
1
, 1
1
y x x
x
= + >

Li gii . Do 1 0 x > nn p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c :
1 1
( 1) 1 2 ( 1). 1 3
1 1
y x x
x x
= + + > + =

3 y >
Du = xy ra
1
1 2
1
x x
x
= =

Vy 3 Min y = khi 2 x =
V d 3. Cho cc s , , x y z dng. Chng minh rng:
1) ( )
1 1 1
9 x y z
x y z
| |
+ + + + >
|
\ .

2) ( )( )
( )
2
x y x z xy xz + + > +
3) ( )( )( ) 8 x y y z x z xyz + + + >
4) ( ) ( )( )
( )
3
3
1 1 1 1 x y z xyz + + + > +
5)
3 3 3 2 2 2
x y z x yz y xz z xy + + > + +
Li gii.
V d 4. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng. Chng minh rng:
1) ( )( ) ( ) a b c b c a a c b abc + + + s
2)
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) 2
ab bc ca
c a b a b c b c a a b c
| |
+ + > + +
|
+ + +
\ .

Li gii.
V d 5. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha 1 ab ac bc + + = . Chng minh rng
1) 9 a b c abc + + >
2) ( )
2 2 2
2 1 1 1 a b c a b c + + > + + + + +
Li gii.
V d 6. Cho , , 0 a b c > tha 3 a b c + + = . Chng minh rng
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
c b a
c b a
+ + > + +
Li gii.
Bi tp.
Bi 31. Tm GTLN ca :
1) (2 ) y x x = , (0,2) xe 2) ( 1)(1 2 ) y x x = + ,
1
( 1, )
2
x e
3)
3
(2 ) y x x = , (0,2) xe 4)
2 3
1
x
y
x
=
+
,
3
2
x >
5)
3
2 1
3
x
y
x
+
=
+
,
1
2
x > 6)
2
(1 ) y x x = , (0,1) xe
Bi 32. Tm GTNN ca :
1)
2
2
y x
x
= + , 0 x > 2)
1
2 1
1
y x
x
= + +
, x >1
3)
2
1
2
1
y x
x
= +
, 1 x > 4)
2
2
2
( 1) 2
1
x
y x
x
| |
= + + +
|
+
\ .
, 1 x =
Bi 33. Cho , , 0 a b c > . Chng minh :
3 3 3 3 3 3
2( )
a b b c c a
a b c
ab bc ac
+ + +
+ + > + +

1)
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b b c c a a b c + + > + + 2)
4 4 4
a b c ab bc ca + + > + +
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 1
1
1 1 1 a b b c a c
+ + s
+ + + + + +

Bi 36.Cho , , 0 a b c > v 1 abc = .Chng minh :
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 1
3 3
a b b c a c
c a b
+ + + + + +
+ + >
Bi 37. Cho a, b, c >0 tha a b c abc + + = . Chng minh rng:
3 3 3
1
a b c
b c a
+ + >

Bi 38. Cho , , 0 a b c > . Chng minh :

2
a b c
b c a c a b
+ + >
+ + +

Bi 39. Cho , , a b c l ba cnh mt tam gic . Chng minh rng :
a)( )( )( )
8
abc
p a p b p c s b) 3
a b c
a b c b c a c a b
+ + >
+ + +

Bi 40. Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c. Chng minh rng
3 2
a b b c c a
c a b
+ + +
+ + >
Bi 41. Cho cc s thc dng x, y, z tha xy yx xz xyz + + = . Chng minh rng:
( )( ) ( ) 1 1 1 8 x y z >
Bi 42. Cho cc s thc dng x, y, z tha 1 xyz = . Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
sau:
2 2 2
x y z xy yz xz
A
x y z
+ + + + +
=
+ +

Bi 43. Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c. Chng minh rng:
( )( )( )( )
1
1 16 81
abc
a a b b c c
s
+ + + +

b) Phng php thm bt
V d 7. Cho cc s thc dng a, b, c. Chng minh rng:
1)
2 2 2
a b c
a b c
b c a
+ + > + +
2)
2 2 2
1 1 1 b c c a a b
a b c a b c
+ + +
+ + > + +
Li gii.
V d 8. Cho , , 0 a b c > v
2 2 2
3 a b c + + = .Chng minh rng:
3 3 3
3
2
a b c
b c a c a b
+ + >
+ + +

Li gii. p dng bt ng thc Cauchy cho 2 s ta c:
( ) ( )
( )
3 3 3
2 2
1
2 .
4 4 4
a b c a b c a a a
a a ab ac
b c b c b c
+ +
+ > = > +
+ + +

Tng t ta cng c: ( ) ( )
3 3
2 2
1 1
,
4 4
b c
b ba bc c ca cb
a c a b
> + > +
+ +

Cng cc bt ng thc li ta c:
( ) ( )
3 3 3
2 2 2
1
2
a b c
a b c ab ac bc
b c a c a b
+ + > + + + +
+ + +
(1)
Ta c ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 1 3
2 2 2
ab ac bc a b c a b c ab ac bc + + s + + = + + + + > (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c iu cn chng minh.
Bi tp.
Bi 44. Cho , , 0 a b c > tha 1 abc = . Chng minh rng :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
3
1 1 1 1 1 1 4
a b c
b c c a a b
+ + >
+ + + + + +

Bi 45. Cho , , 0 a b c > .Chng minh rng:
2 2 2
1 1 1 b c c a a b
a b c a b c
+ + +
+ + > + +

Bi 46. Cho , , 0 a b c > .Chng minh rng:
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) 2
ab bc ca
| |
+ + > + +
|
+ + +
\ .

Bi 47.Cho , , 0 a b c > tha 8 abc = . Chng minh rng :
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
4
3
1 1 1 1 1 1
a b c
a b b c c a
+ + >
+ + + + + +

Bi 48. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha 1 abc > . Chng minh rng:
1 1 1 27
1 1 1 8
a b c
a b c
| || || |
+ + + >
| | |
+ + +
\ .\ .\ .

c) Cn bng h s
V d 9. Cho , 0 a b > tha 1 a b + s . Chng minh rng
1 1
S 5 a b
a b
= + + + >

Li gii
Ta c :
1 1 4
a b a b
+ >
+

Suy ra :
( )
4 1 3
3
2 2 3 5
S a b a b
a b a b a b
a b
> + + = + + +
+ + +
> + > + =
+

Du = xy ra
1
2
a b = =
V d 10. Cho , , 0 a b c > tha 1 ab bc ca + + = . Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc :
2 2 2
P 4 4 a b c = + +

Li gii.
p dng Cauchy ta c :
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
( ) 2 .
( ) 2 .
a b ab
a c ac
b c bc

+ >
+ >
+ >

Suy ra :
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 a b c ab bc ca + + + + > + + =
Ta chn l s dng tha :
2
1 33
8
2

+
+ = =
Suy ra :
1 33
2
P
+
>
Du = xy ra
4
4
1
33
1 33
1
33
a b
a b
a c
b c
c
ab bc ca
=
= =

=

=
+

=

+ + =

Vy GTNN P =
1 33
2
+

4
4
1
33
1 33
33
a b
c
= =

Bi tp.
Bi 49. Cho s thc 2 a > .
a) Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
1
P a
a
= +
b)
2
1
Q a
a
= +
Bi 50. Cho a, b, c >0 tha 2 3 20 a b c + + > . Chng minh rng:
3 9 4
13
2
a b c
a b c
+ + + + + >
Bi 51. Cho a, b, c >0. Chng minh rng
( )
2 2 2
16 1
64
9
a b c
c a b
b c c a a b
+ + >
+ + +

Bi 52. Cho ba s x, y, z tha
2 2 2
1 x y z + + = . Chng minh rng:
3 3 3
6
2 3
7
x y z + + >
Gi . Tm o sao cho
3 3
3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2
3 3 4
4 3 , 3 , 3
2 2 2 2 9
x x
x y y y z z z + + > + + > + + >
Bi 5. Tm GTLN ca biu thc

A =
3
3
) ( c b a +
+
3
3
) ( c a b +
+
3
3
) ( b a c +

vi a,b,c l cc s thc dng tho mn 3 a b c + + = .
d) Cauchy ngc du
V d 11. Cho , , 0 a b c > tha 3 a b c + + = . Chng minh rng :
2 2 2
3
1 1 1 2
a b c
b c a
+ + >
+ + +

Li gii
Ta c :
2 2
2 2
2 2
1 1
a ab ab ab
a a a
b
b b
= > =
+ +

Tng t :
2
2
1 2
1 2
b bc
b
c
c ac
c
a
>
+
>
+

Cng li ta c : ( )
2
ab bc ca
VT a b c
+ +
> + + (1)
Mt khc ta c :
2
3( ) ( ) 9 3 ab bc ca a b c ab bc ca + + s + + = + + s (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c pcm .
Du = xy ra a b c = =
V d 12. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng c tng bng 3. Chng minh rng :
2 2 2
1 1 1
3
1 1 1
a b c
b c a
+ + +
+ + >
+ + +

Li gii.

Bi tp.
Bi 53. Cho , , 0 a b c > tha 3 ab bc ca + + = . Chng minh rng :
3 3 3
1
1 2 1 2 1 2
a b c
b c a
+ + >
+ + +

Bi 54. Cho , , 0 a b c > . Chng minh rng :
3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
a b c a b c
a b b c c a
+ +
+ + >
+ + +

Bi 55. Cho , , 0 a b c > . Chng minh rng :

3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
a b c a b c
a ab b b bc c c ca a
+ +
+ + >
+ + + + + +

3. Bt ng th Cauchy Schwarz v p dng

Bt ng thc Cauchy Schwarz. Cho cc s
1 2 1 2
, ,.., ; , ,...,
n n
a a a b b b . Khi :
( )( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
... ... ...
n n n n
a b a b a b a a a b b b + + + s + + + + + +
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi
1 2
1 2
...
n
n
a a a
b b b
= = =
V d 1. Cho cc s a, b, x, y trong x, y > 0. Chng minh rng:
( )
2
2 2
a b a b
x y x y
+
+ >
+

Li gii
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy Schwarz ta c:
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2
2 2
a b a b a b
x y a b
x y x y
x y
| |
+
|
+ + > + + >
| +
\ .

Tng t ta cng c bt ng thc tng qut sau:
( )
2
2 2 2
1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2
...
...
...
n n
n n
a a a a a a
b b b b b b
+ + +
+ + + >
+ + +
(*)
(*) l mt trong nhng h qu ca Cauchy Schwarz v c nhiu ng dng trong vic
chng minh bt ng thc.
V d 2. Cho , 1 a b > tha 2 a b + = . Chng minh
1 1 2 2 a b + + + s
Li gii.
p dng BT BCS ta c :
2 2
1 1 1. 1 1. 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 a b a b a b + + + = + + + s + + + + =
Du = xy ra 1 a b = =
V d 3. Cho
2 2
1 a b + = . Chng minh : 1 1 2 2 a b b a + + + s +
Li gii.
p dng BT BCS ta c :
2 2
1 1 1 1 2 a b b a a b a b a b + + + s + + + + = + + (1)
Ta li c
2 2
2 2 a b a b + s + = (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c pcm .
Du = xy ra
1
2
a b = =
V d 4. Cho , 0 c a b > > . Chng minh : ( ) ( ) a c b b c a c + s
Li gii.
p dng bt ng thc B.C.S ta c :
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
( ) ( ) ) a c b b c a a c b c a b
a c a c b b c c c
+ = +
s + + s =

Du = xy ra ( )( )
a c b
ab c a c b
c a b
= =

( ) 0 c c a b c a b = = +
V d 5.Cho , , 0 a b c > . Chng minh :
1
2 2 2
a b c
b c c a a b
+ + >
+ + +

Li gii.
p dng h qu 3 ta c :
2 2 2
2
2 2 2 (2 ) ( 2 ) (2 )
( )
1
3( )
a b c a b c
b c c a a b a b c b a c c a b
a b c
ab bc ca
+ + = + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
> >
+ +

ng thc xy ra a =b =c
p dng : Cho , , 0 a b c > . Chng minh :
1)
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) 2
ab bc ca
| |
+ + > + +
|
+ + +
\ .

2)
2 2 2
9
( ) ( ) ( ) 4( )
a b c
b c c a a b a b c
+ + >
+ + + + +

V d 6. Cho , , 0 a b c > . Chng minh :
3
2 2 2
a b c
a b b c c a
+ + s
+ + +

Li gii.
p dng BT BCS ta c :
3
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c a b c
a b b c c a a b b c c a
+ + s + +
+ + + + + +
(1)
Ta li c :
2 3 3 1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
a b c b c a
a b b c c a a b b c c a
| | | |
+ + = + + s =
| |
+ + + + + +
\ . \ .
(2)
T (1) v (2) ta c pcm
Du = xy ra a b c = =
2 2 2
1
8 8
a b c
a bc b ac c ab
+ + >
+ + +

Li gii.
Ta c :
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
8 8
8 8
( )
(1)
8 8
a b c
a bc b ac c ab
a b c
a a bc b b ac c c ab
a b c
+ +
+ + +
= + +
+ + +
+ +
>
+ + + + +

Ta li c :
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
3 3 3
3
2
8 8
( 8 ) ( 8 ) ( )
( 8 ) ( 8 ) ( )
24
( ) ( )
( ) (2)
a a a bc b b b ac c c c ab
a b c a a bc b b ac c c ab
a b c a b c abc
a b c a b c Cauchy
a b c
+ + + + +
= + + + + +
s + + + + + + +
= + + + + +
s + + + +
= + +

T (1) v (2) ta c pcm
ng thc xy ra a =b =c
V d 8. Cho , , 0 a b c > . Tm GTNN ca
5 11
S
a b c
b c c a a b
= + +
+ + +

Li gii.
Ta c :
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
5 11
S
5 11
1 5 11 17
1 5 11
1 1 5 11
2
1
1 5 11
2
a b c
b c c a a b
a b c
b c c a a b
a b c
b c c a a b
a b b c c a
b c c a a b
= + +
+ + +
| | | | | |
= + + + + +
| | |
+ + +
\ . \ . \ .
| |
= + + + +
|
+ + +
\ .
| |
= + + + + + + +
|
+ + +
\ .
> + +

Du = xy ra ( ) ( ) 5 11 b c c a a b + = + = +
V d 9. Cho a, b, c >0 tha 6 a b c + + > . Tm gi tr nh nht ca
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
S a b c
b c a
= + + + + +
Li gii.
p dng BT B.C.S ta c :
2
2
1 1 1
1
16 4
a a
b b
+ + > +
2
2
1 1 1
1
16 4
b b
c c
+ + > +
2
2
1 1 1
1
16 4
c c
a a
+ + > +
Nn ta c :
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
17 17 1 1 1
S
4 4
1 1 1 1
4
9
4
15 9
16 16 4
15 3 90 3 51
16 4 16 4 8
3 17
2
a b c
b c a
a b c
a b c
a b c
a b c
a b c a b c
a b c
a b c
S
| |
= + + + + +
|
|
\ .
| |
> + + + + +
|
\ .
> + + +
+ +
+ + + +
> + +
+ +
+ +
> + > + =
>

2 2 2
1 1 1 b c c a a b
a b c a bc b ac c ab
+ + +
+ + > + +
+ + +

Li gii :
Ta c :
( )
( )( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
b c b c
b c b c
a bc b c a bc c a b b a c c a b b a c
+ +
+
= = s +
+ + + + + + + +

Tng t :
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
c a c a
b ac a b c c a b
+
s +
+ + +

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
a b a b
c ab b a c a c b
+
s +
+ + +

Cng li ta c pcm
ng thc xy ra
3
2
a b c = = =
V d 11. Cho , , 1 a b c > tha
1 1 1
2
a b c
+ + = . Chng minh :
1 1 1 a b c a b c + + > + +
Li gii.
Ta c :
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
3
a b c
a b c
a b c
a b c
a b c
a b c
a b c
a b c
+ +
| | | | | |
= + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
s + + + +
| |
= + + + +
|
\ .
= + +

ng thc xy ra
3
2
a b c = = =
V d 12. Cho
1 2
, ,..., 0
n
a a a > l cc s thc ty . Chng minh rng:
1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 1 2
...
1 1 1 ...
n
n
a a a
n
a a a a a a
+ + + <
+ + + + + + +

Li gii.
t :
0
1 x = ,
2 2 2
1 2
1 ...
i n
x a a a = + + + +
Nn VT tr thnh :
1 0 1 2 1
1 2
...
n n
n
x x x x x x
x x x

+ + +
p dng BT BCS ta c :
1 0 1 2 1
1 2
1 0 1 2 1
2 2 2
1 2
1 0 1 2 1
0 1 1 2 1
0
...
...
...
1 1 1
1
n n
n
n n
n
n n
n n
n n
x x x x x x
x x x
x x x x x x
n
x x x
x x x x x x
n
x x x x x x
n n n
x x x

+ + +

s + + +

s + + +
= = <

Bi tp.
Bi 56. Cho a, b, c >0 tha 3 a b c + + s . Chng minh rng:
2 2 2
2 2 2
3 3 3
6 x y z
x y z
+ + + + + >
Bi 57. Cho a, b, c >0 tha 2 3 3 a b c + + = . Tm GTNN ca
a)
2 2 2
2 3 A a b c = + +
b)
3 3 3
B a b c = + +
Bi 58. Cho a, b, c >0 tha ab bc ca abc + + = . Chng minh rng:
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3
2
a b b c c a
ab bc ca
+ + +
+ + >
Bi 59. Cho a, b, c >0 tha
2 2 2
3 a b c + + = . Chng minh rng:
1 1 1 3
1 1 1 2 ab bc ca
+ + >
+ + +

Bi 60. Cho a, b, c >0 tha 1 abc = . Chng minh rng :
3 3 3
1 1 1 3
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 a b c b c a c a b
+ + >
+ + +

Bi 61. Cho a, b, c, d >0. Chng minh rng:
2
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3
a b c d
b c d c d a d a b a b c
+ + + >
+ + + + + + + +

Bi 62. Cho a, b, c, d >0 tha 1 ab bc cd da + + + = . Chng minh rng:
3 3 3 3
1
3
a b c d
b c d a c d a b d a b c
+ + + >
+ + + + + + + +

Bi 63. Cho , , 0 a b c > tha ab bc ca abc + + = . Chng minh :
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
3
b a c b a c
ab bc ca
+ + +
+ + >
Bi 64. Cho x, y, z >0. Chng minh rng:
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2
6 3
( )
x y z x y z
x y z x y z
+ + + +
+ >
+ + + +

Bi 65. Cho a, b, c >0. Chng minh rng:
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
4 4 4 4 4 4
a b c
a ab b b bc c c ca a
+ + s
+ + + + + +

Bi 66. Cho x, y, z >0 tha 1 xyz > . Chng minh rng:
5 2 2 5 2 2 5 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 3
x y z y z x z x y x y z
+ + s
+ + + + + + + +

4. Dng phng php hm s chng minh bt ng thc v tm cc tr

V d 1. Cho cc s dng x, y tha 1 x y + s . Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
a)
4 1
A
x y
= +
b)
2 2
2 2
1 1
x y
x y
+ + +
Li gii.
a) Ta c
4 1 4 1
1
A
x y x x
= + > +

t ( )
4 1
1
f x
x x
= +
, ta xt gi tr nh nht ca f trn (0;1)

Ta c ( )
( )
2 2
4 1
1
f x
x
x
' = +

( )
2
0 3
2
x
f x
x
' =

=

Lp bng bin thin ta c
( )
( )
0;1
2
min 9
3
x
f x f
e
| |
= =
|
\ .
khi x =2/3
Vy
2 1
min 9 ,
3 3
A x y = = =
b) p dng h qu ca bdt Cauchy Schwarz ta c:
( )
2
2
2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1
x y x y
x y x y
| |
+ + + > + + +
|
\ .

Mt khc ta c ( )
2
2 1 1 4
4 , x y xy
x y xy
| |
+ > + >
|
\ .
v
( )
2
1
4 4
x y
xy
+
s s
t ( )
1
, t xy f t t
t
= = +
Ta tm tm GTNN ca t trn
1
0;
4
| (
(
\

Ta c ( ) ( |
2
1
1 0, 0;1 f t t
t
' = < e
Do f nghch bin trn (0;1/4]. Do
( |
( )
0;1/4
1 17
min
4 4
f t f
| |
= =
|
\ .

T ta c
17 1
min
2 2
B x y = = =
V d 2. Vi mi s thc x, y tha iu kin
( )
2 2
2 1 x y xy + = + . Tm gi tr ln nht v
gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
4 4
2 1
x y
P
xy
+
=
+
.
Li gii.
Ta c
2 2
1
2 1 4
3
x y xy xy xy xy + > + s >
Mt khc
( ) ( )
2
2 2
1
2 1 2 5 1 0
5
x y xy x y xy xy + = + + = + > >
Do
1 1
5 3
xy
s s
Mt khc
( )
( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
4 4
1
1 2
2
2
2 1 2 1 2 1
xy x y
x y x y
x y
P
xy xy xy
+
+
+
= = =
+ + +

t ( )
2
7 2 1
,
8 4
t t
xy t f t
t
+ +
= =
+

Ta i tm gi tr ln nht ca f(t) trn
1 1
;
5 3
(
(

Ta c ( )
( )
( )
2
7 1
2 2 1
t t
f t
t
+
' =
+
, ( )
1
0
0
t
f t
t
=
' =

=

Da vo bng bin thin ta c:

| |
( ) ( )
1/5;1/3
1
max 0
4
t
f t f
e
= = v
| |
( )
1/5;1/3
1 1 2
min
5 3 15
t
f t f f
e
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .

V d 3. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha mn 3 ab a b + + = . Chng minh rng:
2 2
3 3 3
1 1 2
a b ab
a b
b a a b
+ + s + +
+ + +

Li gii.
Ta c

( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
3 3
1 1
3 3
2
1
3
2 3 2
4 3
3
3 2 3 3 2
4 3
a b ab
A a b
b a a b
a b a b
ab
a b ab
ab a b a b
ab
a b ab a b ab ab
ab
ab
ab ab ab ab ab
ab
= + + +
+ + +
+ + +
= + + +
+ + + +
(
= + + + + +

(
= + + +

t
( )
2
2 2
3 5
9 12 8 9
4 3 4 4 3
t t t t
ab t A t t t t
t t
= = + + + = + +

Ta c ( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
1
3 4 10 9 0
9
t
ab a b ab t t
t l
s
= + > + >

>
, suy ra 0 1 t s s
Ta c ( )
( )
| |
2
5 1
0, 0;1
2 4 3
3
t t
f t t
t
t
' = + + + > e

Suy ra ( ) f t ng bin trn [0;1], do ( ) ( )
3
1
2
f t f s =
Hay
2 2
3 3 3
1 1 2
a b ab
a b
b a a b
+ + s + +
+ + +

V d 4. Cho cc s thc x, y thay i v tha mn ( )
3
4 2 x y xy + + > . Tm gi tr nh nht
ca biu thc:
( ) ( )
4 4 2 2 2 2
3 2 1 A x y x y x y = + + + +
Li gii. Ta c ( )
2
4xy x y s + , suy ra ( ) ( )
3 2
2 1 x y x y x y + + + > + >
Mt khc
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 3
4 4
x y x y x y x y x y x y x y + + = + > + + = +
Do
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
9
2 1
4
A x y x y > + + +
t ( )
2
2 2
1 1
2 2
t x y t x y = + > + >
t ( )
2
9
2 1
4
f t t t = + , khi ( )
9 1
2 0,
2 2
f t t t ' = > >
Suy ra f ng bin trn ;
2
1 |
+
|
.
, do ( )
1 9
2 16
f t f
| |
> =
|
\ .

Vy gi tr nh nht ca A bng
9
16
khi v ch khi
1
2
x y = =
V d 5. Cho a, b, c l di ba cnh ca tam gic c chu vi bng 3. Tm gi tr nh nht
ca biu thc
( )
2 2 2
3 4 P a b c abc = + + +
Li gii.
Khng mt tnh tng qut ta c th gi s c = max(a,b,c), khi
3
1
2
c s <
Khi ta c
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
3 2 3 2 3
3 3 3 2 3 2
P a b ab c c
c c ab c
= + +
= +

V ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 1 1 1
3 2 0, 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 2
2 2 2
c ab a b ab c a b c c c > > + > + =
T ta c ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 3 2
1 3 27
3 3 3 3 3 2
2 2 2
P c c c c c c > + = +
t ( )
3 2
3 27
2 2
f c c c = +
Ta c ( )
2
3
3 3 0 1;
2
f c c c c
|
' = > e
|
.

Do ( ) ( ) 1 13 f c f > =
Vy gi tr nh nht ca P =13 khi v ch khi a =b =c =1.
V d 6. Cho hai s thc x, y thay i tha mn h thc:
2 2
1 x y + = . Tm gi tr ln nht
v gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
2
2
6
1 2 2
x xy
P
xy y
+
=
+ +

Li gii.
Ta c
2 2
2 2 2
6 6
1 2 2 2 3
x xy x xy
P
xy y x xy y
+ +
= =
+ + + +

Nu y =0 th P =1,
Xt y = 0, ta c
2
2
2
6
2
3
x x
y y
P
x x
y y
| |
+
|
\ .
=
+ +

t
x
t
y
= , ta c ( )
2
2
6
2 3
t t
P t
t t
+
=
+ +

Ta c ( )
( )( )
( )
2
2
2 2 3 3
2 3
t t
P t
t t
+
' =
+ +
( )
3/ 2
0
3
t
P t
t
=
' =

=

Mt khc ( ) lim 1
t
P t
=
T bng bin thin ta c ( )
3 3
max 3 ,min 3
2 2
P P P P
| |
= = = =
|
\ .

V d 7. Cho , , 0 x y z > tha 0 x y z + + > . Tm gi tr nh nht ca
( )
3 3 3
3
16 x y z
P
x y z
+ +
=
+ +

Li gii.
Ta c vi , , x tx y ty z tz ' ' ' = = = th ( ) ( ) , , , , P x y z P x y z ' ' ' = , do ta c c gi s
0 x y z a + + = > . Khi
3 3 3
3
16 x y z
P
a
+ +
=
Ta c
( )
( ) ( )
3
3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1
16 16 16
4 4 4
x y
x y x y z x y z a z z
+
+ > + + > + + = +
t ( ) ( )
3
3
1
16
4
f z a z z = +
Khi ( ) ( ) ( )
3
7 9
4
f z a z a z
' = +
Da vo bng bin thin ta c
( )
( )
3
min
0;
16 16
min
81 81
z a
f z a P
e
= = khi : : 4: 4:1 x y z =
V d 8. Cho , , x y z tha
1
1, , 1, 1
4
x y z xyz s s > = . Chng minh rng:
1 1 1 22
1 1 1 15 x y z
+ + >
+ + +

Li gii.
Ta chng minh c vi , 1 y z > th
1 1 2
1 1 1 y z yz
+ >
+ + +

Do
1
1 1 4 1 2
4
x yx yz s s s s s s
Do
1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 1
yz
x y z yz yz
+ + > +
+ + + + +

t ( )
2
2
2
,
1 1
t
t yz f t
t t
= = +
+ +

( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
2 1 1
0,
1 1
t t t
f t t
t t
+ +
' = <
+ +

Do f l hm nghch bin, do ( ) ( )
22
2
15
f t f > =
Vy:
1 1 1 22
1 1 1 15 x y z
+ + >
+ + +

Bi tp
5. Bi tp tng hp

Bi 67. Cho cc s dng x, y tha x +y =5. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
4 2
4
x y x y
P
xy
+
= +
Bi 68. Chng minh vi mi x, y, z e [1;3] th:
( )
1 1 1
12 x y z
x y z
| |
+ + + + s
|
\ .

Bi 69. Cho x, y, z e (0;1]. Chng minh rng:
1 1 1 5
1 1 1 xy yz xz x y z
+ + s
+ + + + +

Bi 70. Cho cc s dng x, y, z tha
1 1 1
2
x y z
+ + > . Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc:
( )( )( ) 1 1 1 A x y z =
Bi 71. Cho cc s thc dng x, y, z tha xyz =1. Chng minh rng:
1 1 1
1
1 1 1 x y x z y z
+ + s
+ + + + + +

Bi 72. Cho cc s thc x, y, z tha:
2 2 2
2 x y z + + = . Tm gi trn nh nht ca biu thc:
3 3 3
3 P x y z xyz = + +
Bi 73. Cho cc s thc khng m x, y, z tha:
2 2 2
2 x y z + + = . Tm gi tr nh nht ca
biu thc:
5
P xy yz xz
x y z
= + + +
+ +

Bi 74. Cho ba s thc dng a, b, c tha mn: 1 abc = . Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu
thc:
ab bc ca
T
a b ab b c bc c a ca
= + +
+ + + + + +

Bi 75. Cho x, y l cc s thc tho mn
2 2
4 3 x xy y . + + = Tm gi tr nh nht, ln nht
ca biu thc:
3 3
8 9 M x y xy = + .
Bi 76. Cho cc s thc khng m a, b, c tha a +b +c =1. Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu
thc:
2 2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
1 1 1
a b c
A
b c a
+ + +
= + +
+ + +

Bi 77. Cho x l s thc khc 0 v y l s dng, tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc:
( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2
4
x y
F
x y y x y
=
+ + +

Bi 78. Cho cc s thc dng x, y, z tha mn xyz =1. Chng minh rng:
2 2 2
1
2 2 2
x y z
x y z
+ + s
+ + +

Bi 79. Cho x, y l cc s thc tha mn
2 2
3 x xy y + + s . Tm gi tr nh nht v ln nht
ca biu thc:
2 2
3 A x xy y =
Bi 80. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc khng m tha mn 1 a b c + + = .
Chng minh rng:
7
2
27
ab bc ca abc + + s .
Bi 81. Cho 3 s thc a, b, c khng m tha mn
3
2
a b c + + = . Chng minh rng:
( )( )( )
2 2 2
125
1 1 1
64
a b c + + + >
Bi 82. Cho x, y, z l cc s thc dng tha mn iu kin:
( )
2 2
y z x y z + = + . Tm gi
tr nh nht ca biu thc:
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )( )
2 2 2
1 1 1 4
1 1 1
1 1 1
P
x y z
x y z
= + + +
+ + +
+ + +

Bi 83. Cho a, b, c l 3 di 3 cnh ca tam gic c chu vi bng 2. Chng minh rng:
2 2 2
52
2 2
27
a b c abc s + + + <
Bi 84. Cho x, y l hai s dng thay i c tng khng nh hn 4. Tm gi tr nh nht
ca biu thc
2 3
2
3 4 2
4
x y
P
x y
+ +
= +
Bi 85. Cho x, y, z tha mn
2 2
1 x xy y + = . Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca biu
thc:
4 4
2 2
1
1
x y
P
x y
+ +
=
+ +

Bi 86. Cho a,b, c l cc s thc dng c tng bng 3. Chng minh rng:
12
5 abc
ab bc ac
+ >
+ +

Bi 87. Cho a, b, c l cc s thc dng tha 1 ab bc ac + + = . Chng minh rng:
2 2 2
1 1 1
16 a b c
b c a
| | | | | |
+ + + + + >
| | |
\ . \ . \ .

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Nguyn Ngc Duy Nguyn Tng V 1

, ta xt gi tr nh nht ca f trn (0;1)

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