Cng Ngh Sn Xut Giy

Gio Vin Hng Dn : Nguyn Trung Dng Sinh Vin Thc Hin : + Nguyn Vit Thng + V Vn t + Nguyn Mnh Cng +Nguyn Thanh Vn

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Ni Dung
Cng Ngh Sn Xut Giy Ti Ch Giy Hin Trng Nhim v Bin Php X L Nc Thi Nh My Giy

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Gii Thiu
Giy, c ngun gc t Trung Quc, l mt vt liu t cc x (di t vi mm cho n vi cm), thng c ngun gc thc vt, c to thnh mng li bi lc lin kt hir khng c cht kt dnh. Thng thng giy c s dng di dng nhng lp mng nhng cng c th dng to hnh cc vt ln. Trn nguyn tc giy c sn xut t bt g hay bt giy.
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Thnh Phn Chnh Ca Giy

Thnh phn chnh ca giy l xenluloza, mt loi polyme mch thng v di c trong g, bng v cc loi cy khc. Trong g, xenluloza b bao quanh bi mt mng lignin cng l polyme.

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Nguyn Liu Sn Xut Giy

Ngi ta c th sn xut giy t ngun nguyn liu mi l g, hoc cng c th s dng giy s dng lm nguyn liu. Trong sn xut mi, nguyn liu chnh lm giy l si cellulose t g hoc rm r. Ngoi ra cn cn dng n keo v cc cht n :Cao lanh (China clay), Tinh bt, Blanc fixe, ixt titan, Phn. Cc cht n lm y phn khng gian gia cc si giy v lm cho giy mm mi v c b mt lng hn. Thnh phn ca cht n s quyt nh trong sut hay m c ca giy. chng khng lem mc phi cn n keo
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Quy Trnh Sn Xut Giy

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Quy Trnh Sn Xut Giy

Giai on thi mng :g c ct thnh cc mnh nh u nhau. Giai on nu bt giy :Cc mnh g nh ny c nu vi NaOH nhit cao tch lignin (cht keo t nhin gn kt cc si g vi nhau) t xenlul trong bt giy. Cht thi lng hay dch en c thu hi tn thu cc ha cht s dng v t to hi v cp in Giai on lm sch :Bt giy cha qua ty c lc qua my ra v cc mng lc. Bt giy c ty qua cc cng on x l ko di 15 gi. Quy trnh ty ECF s dng O2, ClO2, v H2O2 lm trng giy
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Quy Trnh Sn Xut Giy

Giai on trn nc,ha cht,phm :Bt giy c ty trng sau c trn ln vi cc ph gia v ha cht. - Lc v trng: t st, CaCO3 (phn) v Tian oxit c b sung tng chn sng, trng v phng, mn ca giy. - Cc tc nhn khc: h, nha thng, phn, gilatin hoc latex c s dng tng chng thm, chng mc nho v gim bi t si c th gy tr ngi cho qu trnh in. - Cht dit khun sinh hc: ngn nga s pht trin ca vi khun trong bt giy v cc sn phm t giy.

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Quy Trnh Sn Xut Giy

Giai on sy v ra thnh phm :Bt giy t sau trn c chy qua mt vnh chuyn ng an bng li nylon dng mt co to thnh tm giy dy. Tip theo tin hnh nn lin tc kh nc v p mng t giy. Thit b sy kh bng hi s lm kh giy. Giy c cun trn thnh kin, c phun h t mn, bng. Sau a qua my cn to dy nh nhau. Cc cun giy trng c ct cng kch c.
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Sn Xut Bt Giy
Lm bt giy l qu trnh lm t cc lin kt trong g , bin i g thnh s si

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Sn Xut Bt Giy

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Sn xut bt g mi
mi : Khc mi c ch to ring r v gn vo li b tng ct thp Khc mi c lm t vin mi oxyt nhm hoc cacbua silic

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Sn xut bt g mi

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Sn xut bt g mi
C ch mi S cn v x ca cc vin li ra tch s si ra khi g Hin nay cho rng,c ch gm hng lot hnh ng xy ra ng thi Ch yu l p vi tn s cao v gim p b mt khi cc vin tip xc vi g,lm cho si bung ra ng thi lng nhit sinh ra ln do ma st /g/,g/g,lng nhit ny mm Lignin gip cc s si tch ra khi khi g Khng ch nhit , nc rt quan trng +nc qu nhiu,cn tr s lm mm +Nc qu t,hin tng chy thnh than
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Sn xut bt c hc my nghin
Bt c hc my nghin thng phm u tin nm 1960 -Nguyn liu : mnh g,mn ca Qu trnh bin i c hc mnh g hoc mn ca xy ra trong a ca my nghin a u im ca phng php -S dng phn cn li ca cc nh my x g - bn cao hn(s si bt di hn bt g mi) -Gim chi ph lao ng(t ng ho) Tuy nhin: mu ti hn bt g mi
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Sn xut bt c hc my nghin
C ch nghin Lignin b lm mm bi s nn p v ma st g /g v g / thp Cc mnh bung ra thnh phn nh hn v bung thnh s si S si va mi sn xut b xon li nn phi lm r bt trong nc nng

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Sn xut bt Sunfit

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Sn xut bt Sunfit
M t cng ngh nu iu ch SO2 : t chy lu hunh(hoc FeS2) trong khng kh S + 02 SO2 (FeS2 +11/2 O2 Fe2O3 + 4 SO2 +Phn ng to nhit c duy tr nhit trn 1100 C +Khng ch lng oxy d trong khng kh cha (10% O2 d) Hp th SO2 trong dung dch bazo kim SO2 + H2O H2SO3
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Sn xut bt Sunfit
Hp th SO2 bng bazo tan : NH4OH, Mg(OH)2 hoc Na2CO3 +To bisunfit magie MgO + H2O Mg(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 + 2 H2SO3 2 Mg(HSO3)2 + H2O + To bisunfit natri: Na2CO3 + H2SO3 2NaHSO3 +H2O + CO2 + To bisunfit amoni: NH3 + H2O NH4OH NH4OH + H2SO3 NH4HSO3 + H2O

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Sn xut bt Sunfit
Cc bazo c tc dng nh l dung dch m lm ngn chn phn ng trng ngng lignin: + To bisufnit canxi t vi: CaCO3 + 2H2SO3 Ca(HSO3)2 + CO2 +H2O Qua 2 phn ng trung gian: CaCO3 + H2SO3 CaSO3 + CO2 + H2O CaSO3 + H2SO3 Ca(HSO3)2 Dch nu sunfit l hn hp ca SO2 t do v SO2 lin kt dng ion bisunfit HSO3- :

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Sn xut bt Kraft
Dch nu l : dung dch (NaOH + Na2S) + Tc kh lignin nhanh hn + Bt cha t lignin hn to Sna +Phn ng a t lignin t hn Na2S + H2O NaOH + NaSH

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Sn xut bt Kraft
Quy trnh Bc v,ct mnh v sng Nu: T l mnh/dch nu ph hp Nng dch nu Hm m ca mnh iu chnh qu trnh nu (nhit , p sut) Thi gian nu t 2-4h p sut nu : 100-110 psi, h n 60 psi trc khi x Turpentin v cc cht bay hi c bay hi X bt x phng, dch en c a di thu hi ho cht Ra bt,sng ty trng v a n my xeo
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Sn xut Giy
Quy trnh sn xut giy

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Sn xut Giy
Qu trnh ty trng bt giy Bt khng ty c trng thay i trong gii hn rng C 2 phong php ty c dng +) Ty thc +) Ty chn lc Phng php ty -Clo ho ( C ) - Trch ly kim -Hypoclorit ( H ) - Clodilxit ( D ) -Peoxyt ( P ) - Oxy ( O ) -Dc hoc Cd

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Sn xut Giy
Quy trnh ty trng bt giy

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My Xeo Giy

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My Xeo Giy

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Sn Xut Giy Ti Ch

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Sn Xut Giy Ti Ch

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Sn Xut Giy V Sinh

Nguyn liu l giy ph phm gm h s vn phng, v hc sinh s c phn loi, b i tp cht. Sau , chng s c a qua khu ra bng nc cng nghip c pH, hm lng st phi thp v ra lin tc 4-5 gi. Nhng tp cht cn li s c gi trn mt sn khi qua my nghin thy lc. Tip n l dng peroxit vi nng cao ty. Vic ny cn c tc dng kh trng. Cui cng giy c a qua my xeo vi nhit sy l 110-115 C nhm lm kh cng nh gip dit vi khun c tt hn. Vi loi giy mu, phi dng mu cng nghip loi cht lng cao khng b dnh ln da ngi s dng. 3D Prao Dote 9/18/2012 30 www.wondershare.com Make t5ilet paper.avi

Hin Trng Nhim

Theo thng k, cc nh my giy trn th gii nh cng ngh tin tin nn ch dng t 715m3 nc/tn giy, trong khi Vit Nam do thit b sn xut, cng ngh lc hu nn vn dng t 30-100m3 nc/tn giy. S lc hu ny khng ch gy lng ph ngun nc ngt, tng chi ph x l nc thi m cn a ra sng, rch lng nc thi khng l
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Hin Trng Nhim

Hin nay, doanh nghip sn xut giy ti Vit Nam ch yu l thuc thnh phn doanh nghip va v nh, sn xut ti 75% lng giy c nc. Cc doanh nghip ny nm ri rc ti cc a phng, do c nguy c gy nhim ti cc c s ny rt cao.

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Hin Trng Nhim

Trong cc c s cng nghip giy v bt giy, nc thi thng c pH trung bnh 9 - 11, ch s nhu cu xy sinh ho (BOD), nhu cu oxy ho hc (COD) cao, c th ln n 700mg/l v 2.500mg/l. Hm lng cht rn l lng cao gp nhiu ln gii hn cho php.

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Hin Trng Nhim

c bit nc c cha c kim loi nng, lignin (dch en), phm mu, xt, cc cht a vng thm Clo ho l nhng hp cht c c tnh sinh thi cao v c nguy c gy ung th, rt kh phn hu trong mi trng. C nhng nh my giy, lng nc thi ln ti 4.000 5.000m3/ngy, cc ch tiu BOD, COD gp 10 18 ln tiu chun cho php; lng nc thi ny khng c x l m trc tip vo sng.
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Hin Trng Nhim

Ngoi ra, trong cng nghip xeo giy, to nn mt sn phm c th hoc nhng tnh nng c th cho sn phm, ngi ta cn s dng nhiu ha cht v cht xc tc. Nhng cht ny nu khng c thu hi hoc x l m x thng ra sng ngi th vn nhim l khng trnh khi, lm mt cn bng sinh thi trong mi trng nc.
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Bin Php X L
i mi cng ngh , thn thin vi mi trng: + Bt giy sunfat thng c ty trng bng clo,v th m nc thi s nhim cc hp cht cacbon ca clo.Nu thay th clo bng hidroroxit hay bng oxi(si giy s km bn hn ty bng clo) nhng thn thin vi mi trng hn.
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Bin Php X L
+ Phng php organocell sn xut bt giy khng c lu hunh thn thin vi mi trng hn:cc mnh g c nu vi hn hp nc v mtanol (methanol) c cho thm dung dch kim qua nhiu giai on di p sut v nhit n 190C. Qua linhin v hemicellulose c ha tan ra. Sau phi ra sch qua nhiu giai on ri ty v tho nc.
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Bin Php X L
X l dch en + Phng php thu hi kim theo cng ngh tin tin nht nhng nm gn y, tuy nhin hiu qu khng cao v vn u t qu ln +Phng php x l sinh ha bng h thng x l nc thi, cng i hi k thut cao v s chnh xc tuyt i +Phng php th ba l thay i tnh cht ca lignin trong dch en.
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Bin Php X L
Phng php UASB Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket . ( Chy ngc qua lp bn ym kh ) y l mt cng ngh x l chu c ti COD rt ln v thch hp vi nc thi cc nh my giy. c pht minh bi gio s Lettinga , ngi 3D Prao Dote 39 www.wondershare.com H Lan

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Bin Php X L
Trong thit b ny th nc thi th c bm t pha di ca thit b qua lp m bn (gm cc sinh khi dng ht). S x l xy ra khi nc thi n v tip xc vi cc ht sinh khi v sau i ra khi thit b t pha trn ca thit b. .
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Bin Php X L
Trong sut qu trnh ny th sinh khi vi c tnh lng cao s c duy tr trong thit b. Mt trong nhng b phn quan trng ca thit b UASB l b phn tch kh - lng rn pha trn ca thit b
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Bin Php X L
Trong qu trnh x l nc thi, lng kh to ra ch yu l CH4 v CO2 to nn s lu thng bn trong gip cho vic duy tr v to ra ht sinh hc. Cc bt kh t do v cc ht khi thot ln ti nh ca b tch khi cc ht rn v i vo thit b thu kh. Uasb.avi
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Kt Lun
Cng nghip giy l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip cn thit nht song cng tiu hao nhiu ti nguyn nht, c bit l v rng v nc, vn x l, bo v mi trng lun i cng vi s pht trin bn vng ca ngnh. Trc kh nng tng trng vt bc ca ngnh giy chng ta cn phi a ra nhng bin php gii quyt vn v ti nguyn, mi trng mt cch hiu qu hn.
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The End

Thanks For Watching !!!

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