ng dng quy hoch mng 3G cho thnh ph Nng

NG DNG QUY HOCH MNG 3G

CHO THNH PH NNG
***
Hnh 4.1 Bn cc qun huyn thnh ph Nng.
Thnh ph Nng - n v hnh chnh trc thuc Trung ng - bao gm 5
qun ni thnh, 1 huyn ngoi thnh v 1 huyn o vi tng din tch 1.255,53km
2
,
dn s 763.297 ngi (s liu thng 12 nm 2004).
Mng in thoi trn a bn thnh ph tip tc c m rng. Tng s my
pht trin trong 9 thng u nm 2004 c tnh thc hin c 17.730 my, t
81,33% k hoch, trong my c nh chim 12.827 my, t 72,06% k hoch,
tng 11% so vi cng k nm trc. Tnh n nay, trn ton a bn thnh ph c
143.672 my in thoi, trong c 34.477 my di ng, t mt : 19,41 my/100
dn.
H. HA
VANG
Q. HI CHU
Q.
LIN
CHIU
Q.NG
HNH
SN
Q. SN TR
Q. THANH KH






ng dng quy hoch mng 3G cho thnh ph Nng
3.1. M t vn :
Cht lng ca mt h thng v tuyn 3G l kt qu tnh ton ti u ca 3 c
trng: vng ph sng, cht lng dch v v dung lng phc v ca h thng, ba
c trng ny c lin h cht ch vi nhau. Ngi thit k h thng c trch nhim
cn bng cc c trng trn t ti u trn lnh th c th. Vic cn bng ny s
khc nhau cho tng lnh th khc nhau: vng trung tm th, vng xa trung tm
th, vng nng thn, v.v...
- S dng phng trnh tnh dung lng cc ng truyn hng ln v phng
trnh xc sut tc nghn s cho php tnh gn ng dung lng ca h thng. Tuy
nhin, cc phng trnh ny khng c tham s no k n kch thc cell, c ly gia
cc cell, khng k n hiu qu chuyn giao mm.
- gii quyt vn trn c 2 m hnh thc nghim da trn d on cc tn
hao truyn sng nh trnh by chng trc l m hnh Hata-Okumura v
Walfisch-Ikegami.
Trong n ny s s dng m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami cho phng n tnh ton
thit k v m hnh ny thch hp vi iu kin mi trng th Vit Nam.
Vng ph sng s c tnh ton da trn din tch cn ph sng v bn knh
ca cell bng cch p dng m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami c gi l iu kin ti u 1.
iu kin ti u 2 l cht lng dch v v dung lng phc v ca h thng s tnh
ton da trn phng trnh tnh dung lng cc ca ng truyn v phng trnh
xc sut tc nghn. Kch c ca h thng s l kt qu ti u ca 2 iu kin trn.
Cc thng s khi tnh ton thit k h thng 3G:
Cn quan tm n cc thng s sau:
- S lng thu bao phc v.
- Lu lng mi thu bao.
n v
Nm
1999 2004
Dn s
(Ngi)
Mt
(Ngi/km
2
)
Dn s
(Ngi)
Mt
(Ngi/km
2
)
Thnh ph Nng 684.846 545,15 763.297 608
Qun Hi Chu 189.297 7863,13 210.267 8.732
Qun Thanh Kh 149.637 16084,81 160.857. 17.296
Qun Sn Tr 99.344 1634,89 113.124 1.861
Qun Ng Hnh Sn 41.895 1146,61 50.531 1.384
Qun Lin Chiu 63.464 763,87 72.712 833
Huyn Ha Vang 141.209 191,47 155.809 211
Huyn o Hong Sa ... ... ... ...
ng dng quy hoch mng 3G cho thnh ph Nng
- Cp dch v GoS.
- BHCA (Busy Hour Call Attempt): s cuc th trong gi bn
- Phn loi kiu cuc gi:
+ Phn trm cc cuc gi gia h thng v mng PSTN.
+ Phn trm cc cuc gi trong ni b h thng.
- Cc thng s thit k h thng v tuyn:
+ T l li khung (FER: Frame Error Rate) cho php l bao nhiu %?
+ Mc dch v gia RNC v PSTN (%).
+ Mc dch v gia BS v RNC (%)
+ Kiu m ha
- E
l
/N
o
ca hng ln, hng xung ?(dB).
- H s tch cc (%).
- Hiu qu ti s dng tn s.
- Ti ca cell (%).
- D tr che khut (dB).
- Nhiu ca ti cell hay h s tng ch ca cell (dB).
- Suy hao do nh hng ca vt th (dB).
- Khuch i chuyn giao mm (SHOF: Soft handoff) (dB).
- Suy hao hp th (dB).
- Cng sut u ra my pht ca BS/MS (dBm).
- Nhiu ca BS/MS (dB).
- Suy hao b lc my pht (dB).
- H s khuch i ca Anten: Anten ca BS v ca MS (dB).
- Khuch i thu phn tp BS (dB).
3.2. Tnh ton thit k mng 3G cho thnh ph Nng giai on
2009-2012:
3.2.1. iu kin ti u tng th (tnh ton thit k s b):
iu kin ti u 1: Tnh s trm BS da theo bn knh phc v ca BS v
din tch vng cn ph sng.
Trong m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami, suy hao ng truyn trong mi trng th ca
mng t bo nh hnh v 4.3, theo , tng suy hao trn ng truyn L gm 3 thnh
phn chnh:
suy hao khng gian t do, nhiu x L
rts
(rooftop-to-street loss), suy hao do che chn
L
msd
(multiscreen loss).
h
b

h
r
ng dng quy hoch mng 3G cho thnh ph Nng
, 0
, 0
f rts msd rts msd
f rts msd
L L L L L
L
L L L
+ + +

'
+ <

(4.1)


Hnh 4.2 M hnh Walfisch-Ikegami.
* Tnh ton vi cc thng s nh sau:
- Tc bit cho php (R) : 9,6 Kbps (9,6 R
2000Kbps)
- Tn s lm vic (f) : 880 MHz
- Cng sut pht hiu dng ca BS (P
m
) : 36 dBm
- H s tng ch (khuch i) ca anten (G
b
) : 15 dBi
- Suy hao cp anten ca BS (L
c
) : 2,5 dB
- Tp m my thu (F
b
) : 5 dB
- Sai s vi anten phn tp BS (E
b
/I
t
) : 6.8 dB
- Tp m nn ca trm BS (N
0
) : -174 dBm/Hz
- rng ng ph (w) : 15 m
- Khong cch gia cc ta nh (b) : 35 m
- cao trung bnh ca ta nh (h
r
) : 15 m
h
b

h
r
h
b
h
rr
h
b
> h
rr
Ta nh Ta nh
Ta nh
Ta nh
Trm di ng

d
h
m
Anten trm di ng
Mt ng
Ta nh
w
b
h
r
Hng di chuyn

Sng ti
My di ng
h
b
ng dng quy hoch mng 3G cho thnh ph Nng
- cao ca anten mobile (h
m
) : 1,5 m
- cao trung bnh ca anten BS (h
b
) : 30 m
- Gc ti ca tia sng t ta nh n mt ng: b/2 20
- Bn knh cell r (theo m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami): 0,02 5 km
* f
L
: Suy hao khng gian t do
f
r L
MHz
km f
lg 20 lg 20 45 , 32 + +
(4.2)
Trong , r
km
l bn knh ca cell (km)
f
MHz
l tn s pht ca BS (MHz)
*
rts
L
: Suy hao do tn x v nhiu x
L
rts
= -16,9 - 10lgw + 10lgf
MHz
+ 20lg(h
r
- h
m
) + L
ori
(4.3)
Trong , w l b rng trung bnh ca cc con ng trong khu th (m)
h
r
l chiu cao trung bnh ca cc ta nh trong khu th (m)
ori
L
l sai s do tn x v nhiu x, c xc nh bi:
-9,646 (dB) 0 55 ()
2,5 + 0,075(-55) (dB) 55 90 ()
Vi () l gc to bi tia sng ti mt ng ti im thu sng, khi =
28.25 th ori
L
=0.
*
msd
L
: Suy hao do che chn
L
msd
= L
bsh
+ k
a
+ k
d
lgr
km
+ k
f
lgf
MHz
9lgb (4.4)
Trong :
-
bsh
L
l suy hao do che khut khi anten t cao hn ta nh v c xc nh bi:
L
bsh
=

'
+
, 0
), 1 lg( 18
h h r b

Vi h
b
l chiu cao ca anten trm gc so vi mt ng.
h
r
l chiu cao ca nh so vi mt ng.
-
a
k
l i lng ph thuc vo suy hao che chn
msd
L
v bn knh r
km
ca cell,
c xc nh bi:
k
a
=

'

), ( 6 , 1 54
), ( 8 , 0 54
, 54
h h r
h h
r b km
r b
h
b
>h
r
h
b

h
r
h
b
> h
r
r
km
0,5, h
b
h
r
r
km
< 0,5, h
b
h
r
h
b
h
rr
h
b
> h
rr
L
ori
=

'

ng dng quy hoch mng 3G cho thnh ph Nng
- k
d
l i lng ph thuc vo suy hao che chn
msd
L
v cao ca cc ta nh
ti khu vc t anten BS, c xc nh bi:
k
d
=

'

, / ) ( 15 18
, 18
h h h r r b
- f
k
l i lng ph thuc vo mt cy (vng ngoi hay thnh ph) v tn
s f
MHz
lm vic, c xc nh bi:
( )
( )
4 0.7 925 1 ,
4 1.5 925 1 ,
MHz
f
MHz
f
k
f
+

'
+

T cc cng thc (4.1), (4.2), (4.3) v (4.4) ta tnh c tng suy hao ng
truyn theo m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami.
Mt khc suy hao ng truyn trung bnh c tnh nh sau:
( )
m m b c
L P S G L dB +
(4.5)
m bo d tr che ti, tn hao ng truyn = L - E
c
(4.6)
m bo d tr cho tn hao c th / nh hng v tn hao tn x, tn hao
ng truyn cho php = L E
c
L
ct
- L
tx
(4.7)
Trong , -
m
P
:cng sut hiu dng ca trm gc (dBm)
-
b
G
: h s tng ch ca anten (h s khuch i) (dBi)
-
c
L
: suy hao cp anten thu trm gc (dB)
- E
c
: d tr che ti (dB)
- L
ct
: tn hao c th (dB)
- L
tx
: tn hao tn x (dB)
-
m
S
: cng tn hiu ti thiu yu cu (dB) v c xc nh bi:
S
m
= (E
b
)
min
+ 10lgR (dBm)
Vi R: l tc bit

min
( )
b
E
: nng lng bit ti thiu
min
( )
b
b T
t
E
E N
I
+
(dBm/Hz)

b
t
E
I
: sai s vi anten phn tp trm gc (dBm/Hz)

T
N
: tp m nhit ti trm gc (dBm/Hz)
0 T b
N N F +

0
N
: tp m nhit nn trm gc (dBm/Hz)
cho vng ngoi
cho vng thnh ph
h
b
h
rr
h
b
> h
rr
ng dng quy hoch mng 3G cho thnh ph Nng

b
F
: tp m nhit my thu (dB)
T cc cng thc (4.1), (4.2), (4.3), (4.4), (4.5), (4.6) v (4.7) ta tnh c bn
knh ca mt cell l r = 4,2195 km. Da vo din tch vng cn ph sng, ta c c
s lng cell (s trm BS) d kin.
Ta chia din tch cn ph sng thnh cc hnh vung c ng cho bng ng
knh ca cell (d = 4,2195 x 2 = 8,439 km) lin k nhau. Nh vy, cc hnh vung c
cnh l 8,439/ 2 6 km v s lng hnh vung chnh l s lng cc cell cn thit.
Nh vy, din tch cn ph sng thnh ph Nng s bao gm 2 hnh ch
nht c kch thc ln lt l 16,8km x 6km v 10,6km x 22,4km. Do , s cell cn
thit cho thnh ph Nng l {16,8/6 + (22,4/6) x 2} tng ng vi 11 cells.
iu kin ti u 2: Tnh s trm BS da vo kh nng dung lng ca
BS v s lng thu bao d kin phc v.
Tnh ton vi cc thng s nh sau:
- BHCA / thu bao: 2,5 3
- Thi hn trung bnh ca mi cuc gi: 60s
- H s tng ch ca anten sector (3 sector): 2,4
- H s chuyn giao mm: 1,2 1,4
- Kh nng lu thoi ca BS/sector c tnh ton vi cc gi tr:
H s tch cc thoi:

= 0,4
rng bng tn m tri ph 3G: W = 5 MHz
Gi tr trung bnh:
0
7
b
E
m dB
N

Phng sai hiu chnh cng sut:

= 2,5dB
Tc d liu: R = 9.600 bit/s (nhm 1)
T s mt nhiu tng trn tp m nn:
0
0
10
I
N

- Kh nng lu thoi ca mt sector c tnh ton theo dung lng cc ca
ng truyn hng ln. Trong , quan h gia xc sut tc nghn v dung
lng ca sector trong h thng 3G nhiu cell l:
( )
[ ]
( ) [ ]
2
2
/
.(1 ) . exp 1 ( , , )
exp( ) 2
. exp 2 . 1 ( , , )
W R
I r
m
QoS Q
I r

_
_ _
_

+



,
,
,

_
1
+

]
,
,
(4.8)
RNC
ng dng quy hoch mng 3G cho thnh ph Nng
Trong ,
/
: lu lng mun truyn hay cc cuc gi tch cc theo phn b
Poisson.
0.1ln10
:

: gi tr ngng tin nh

: h s ly tha

r
: bn knh cell
Ta c 25 Erlang/BS/sector ng vi GoS = 2%
S cell cn thit = s sector / tng ch khi chia sector.
- S sector = (dung lng * h s chuyn giao mm)/kh nng lu thoi 1
sector
- Dung lng = (BHCA/thu bao) * s thu bao phc v * (thi gian trung bnh
mt cuc gi/3600)
Nh vy, s cell cn thit chnh l iu kin ti u ca 2 gii php trn v c
xc nh bi:
Max {(s cell)
iu kin ti u 1
, (s cell)
iu kin ti u 2
}
Ta c bng 4.1 tnh s lng sector v cell theo dung lng ca BTS:
Khu vc
(qun)
BHCA/
sub
S thu
bao d
kin phc
v
Dung
lng cn
(Erlang)
H s
chuyn
giao mm
(SHOF)
Dung
lng k
c
SHOF
S
sector
S cell
(3 sector/
cell)
Hi Chu 3 1680 84,00 1,40 117,6 4,7 2
Thanh Kh 3 2580 129,00 1,40 180,6 7,2 3
Sn Tr 2,5 2150 89,58 1,35 120,94 4,8 2
Ng Hnh Sn 2,5 2358 98,25 1,30 127,73 5,1 2
Lin Chiu
2,5 2100 87,50 1,25 109,38 4,4 2
Ha Vang 2,5 1750 72,92 1,25 91,15
3,7 2
12 618 747,4 13
Bng 4.1 S sector v s cell tnh theo dung lng ca BTS.
S BS cn thit l Max {11, 13} = 13 BS (BS loi sector)
Nh vy, khi qui hoch mng W-CDMA t nay n nm 2012
cn lp t 13 BS.
3.2.2. iu kin ti u cho tng trm (thit k chi tit):
RNC
ng dng quy hoch mng 3G cho thnh ph Nng
Phn ny s tnh ton chn v tr cc trm BS, la chn cu hnh cho BS v cc
tham s khc. ti u ha v mt kinh t, chn gii php t cc BS ti cc v tr
cc i vin thng ca Bu in Nng tn dng ti a cc c s h tng hin
c (nh trm, ct anten, ngun in, truyn dn, v.v...). Tuy nhin, v tr cc BS phi
m bo yu cu v dung lng phc v v vng phc v nh tnh ton phn trn.
Chn v tr t cc trm nh sau:
1. Qun Hi Chu:
- Trm 45 Trn Ph: BS 1/1/1
- Trm Duy Tn: BS 1/1/1
2. Qun Thanh Kh:
- Trm ng Ty: BS 1/1/1
- Trm Nng 2: BS 1/1/1
- Trm Phc Tng : BS 1/1/1
3. Qun Sn Tr:
- Trm An Trung: BS 1/1/1
- Trm Th Quang 2: BS 1/1/1
4. Qun Ng Hnh Sn:
- Trm Bc M An: BS 1/1/1
- Trm Non Nc: BS 1/1/1
5. Qun Lin Chiu:
- Trm Ha Khnh: BS 1/1/1
- Trm Lin Chiu: BS 1/1/1
6. Huyn Ha Vang:
- Trm Ha Cm: BS 1/1/1
- Trm Miu Bng: BS 1/1/1
Vi s lng cc trm nh trn, dung lng h thng cung cp l 13cell x 3
sector x 25 Erlang/sector = 975 Erlang, so vi dung lng cn thit l 747,4 Erlang,
khi h s phc v (ti x l) ca h thng BS l 747,4 / 975 = 76,6%
Tnh ton s lng lung E1 kt ni t cc BS n RNC:
S dng m hnh kt ni nh hnh 4.4:

BS RNC MSC
Giao tip Iub
Giao tip
Iu
Hnh4.3 M hnh kt ni n gin
ng dng quy hoch mng 3G cho thnh ph Nng

Cc tham s h thng:
- Lu lng trung bnh/thu bao: 0,05 Erl
- Ti x l ca h thng < 75%
- S lng thu bao tham gia dch v truyn d liu: 20%
- GoS: 2%
- Mobile to PSTN: 35%
- PSTN to Mobile: 35%
- Mobile to Mobile: 30%
Gi s cc thu bao ti cc BS trong mt qun phn b u v c xc sut chim
knh nh nhau, cc sector c s lng ngi dng nh nhau v s ngi dng phn
b u trong mi sector.
- Giao din gia BS v RNC: l giao din Iub v ng kt ni BS v RNC l
E1 (2Mbps), trong 3 khe 64kbps dnh cho bo hiu v iu khin (khe 15, 16, 31),
mt khe 64kbps dnh cho ng b (khe 0), cc khe con 16 Kbps ca cc khe 64
Kbps, cn li dnh cho knh lu lng [2, 3, 4].
S knh mt ng E1 c kh nng cung cp cho giao din Iub l:
(32 - 4) * 64kbps/16kbps = 112 knh
S knh BS phc v (tra bng Erlang B ng vi dung lng cn thit cho BS v
GoS=2%)
Nh vy, s lung E1 cn thit BS kt ni n RNC l s knh BS phc
v/112 knh.
- Giao din gia RNC v MSC: l giao din Iu v ng kt ni RNC v MSC
l E1 (2Mbps). Dung lng cc ng kt ni RNC n MSC cn thit l (1+30%) x
747,4 Erlang = 971,6 Erlang. Nh vy, s lng knh cn thit l 980 knh (tra bng
Erlang B ng vi GoS=2%) tng ng vi 32 lung E1.
T ta c bng 4.2 s lng cc lung E1 cn thit kt ni nh sau:
Khu vc
(qun)
Tn trm S thu bao
d kin
phc v
Cu
hnh BS
Dung
lng cn
k c
S lung
E1 kt ni
t BS n
S lung
E1 kt ni
t RNC
ng dng quy hoch mng 3G cho thnh ph Nng
SHOF RNC n MSC
Hi Chu
45 Trn Ph
960 1/1/1 67,2 1
Duy Tn 720 1/1/1 50,4 1
Thanh Kh
ng Ty 1310 1/1/1 91,7 2
Nng II
690 1/1/1 48,3 1
Phc Tng 580 1/1/1 40,6 1
Sn Tr
Th Quang 980 1/1/1 55,13 1
An Trung 1170 1/1/1 65,81 1
Ng Hnh Sn
Bc M An
1290 1/1/1 69,88 1
Non Nc 1068 1/1/1 57,85 1
Lin Chiu
Lin Chiu
875 1/1/1 45,57 1
Ha Khnh 1220 1/1/1 63,80 1
Ha Vang
Ha Cm
1120 1/1/1 58,33 1
Ty Loan 630 1/1/1 32,81 1
Cng
12 618 747,4 14 32
Bng 4.2 S lng cc lung E1 cn thit kt ni.
Tnh ton kh nng phc v ca BSC:
Hin ti, h thng 3G ti Bu in thnh ph Nng s dng 01 BSC, xt
nng lc ca BSC nh bng sau:
Tham s Kh nng S dng
Dung lng (sub) 40.000 12.328
Traffic (Erl) 36.000 975
S BTS ln nht c th iu khin (BTS) 160 13
S sector ln nht c th iu khin
(sector)
168 36
Kh nng kt ni n PSTN (E1) 128 15
Kh nng kt ni n cc BTS (E1) 64 32
Nh vy, BSC hin ti kh nng p ng khi h thng m rng, khng cn
b sung BSC mi.
ng dng quy hoch mng 3G cho thnh ph Nng
Kt lun :
a ra m hnh l thuyt tnh ton, thit k, nh c mng 3G cho vng
th Vit Nam, c th l ti thnh ph Nng vi tiu ch ti u ha v phng din
vng ph sng v dung lng h thng v tuyn trong giai on 2009-2012. Trong
tnh ton thit k c th ny, ngoi vic ti u 2 tiu ch vng ph sng v dung
lng h thng cn tnh n vic ti u v phng din kinh t v da trn c s
mng hin trng. l nh v v tr cc BS lp mi ti cc i vin thng ca Bu
in Nng tn dng cc c s h tng hin c (nh trm, ct anten, truyn
dn, ngun in, v.v..) nhm gim thiu chi ph u t. Trong tnh ton thc t,
ngoi vic ly mt s tham s ca nh cung cp thit b, mt phn ln cc tham s
khc cn ly theo cc gi tr in hnh. iu ny dn n kt qu thit k dng
mc nh c mng s b. Tuy nhin, trong thc t vic trin khai mt h thng thng
tin (lp mi hoc m rng) lun cn c thm bc hiu chnh, ti u mng sau khi
lp t, chy th da trn cc kt qu o c thc t.
Ngoi ra, vic tnh ton s dng m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami cha tnh n cc tn hao
do l cy v cha xt cho mi trng trong nh (indoor) v kt qu cha tnh cho dch v
truyn d liu.