TRNG I HC S PHM K THUT TP.

HCM KHOA CNG NGH HA HC V THC PHM

TIU LUN MN: CNG NGH CH BIN NC GII KHT V RAU QU ti:

S THAY I HM LNG LYCOPEN V BETA CAROTENE TRONG LP V HT V TINH DU CA TRI GC TRONG SUT THI GIAN LU TR

GVHD: Ths. ng Th Ngc Dung SVTH:

Phng Hng Mnh (10116035)

Tp. H Ch Minh, thng 11 nm 2012

S THAY I HM LNG LYCOPEN V BETA CAROTENE TRONG LP V HT V TINH DU CA TRI GC TRONG SUT THI GIAN LU TR
ng Th Tuyt Nhung, Phm Ngc Bung, Nguyn Thu H, Thi Khanh Phong

Tm tt Gc c la chn v lu tr iu kin phng trong 2 tun theo di s thay i hm lng carotenoid (lycopene v beta carotene) trong lp v ht gc. Hm lng lycopene trong lp v ht khong 2.378 3,728 mg/g tri ti, cn beta carotene th dao ng t 0,257 0,379 mg/g tri ti. Hm lng carotenoid vn n nh sau 1 tun nhng gim mnh sau 2 tun lu tr. Du gc c chit xut t lp v ht c hm lng lycopene v betacarotene tng t nh trong tri ti ( 2,436 v 2,592 mg/g ). Du gc c chia lm 3 mu, sau mi mu c x l bng nhng cch ring bit: s dng dung dch butylated hydroxytoluene, chng ct bng kh nit hay nguyn, sau tr trong ti t 15 -19 tun di nhng nhit khc nhau (5oC, 45 oC, 60 oC). Lycopene v betacarotene trong mu x l s c gim xung theo phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng bc nht. Nghin cu cho thy tc tn tht lycopene v carotene trong mu du c x l thp hn mu du kim sot nhng nu da theo phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng bc nht th khng phi lc no cng cho ra kt qu nh trn. Tuy nhin, c

lycopene v beta carotene u b phn hy nhanh chng trong du gc theo phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng bc nht iu kin nhit cao (45 v 60OC) bt k cc phng php x l c s dng.

1. Gii thiu Gc (Momordica cochinchinesis, Spreng) l mt loi tri ph bin Vit Nam. Nhiu phn ca tri gc nh ht, du v r c th c s dng nh mt v thuc. Vit Nam, gc c thu hoch theo ma ( t thng 10 n thng 2 nm sau). Sau khi thu hoch, gc c th c lu tr trong kho khong trn 1 thng trong iu kin phng. Lp v ht mu m trong tri gc hay tri gc ti c s dng lm xi gc_ mt mn n thng dng hng ngy, c bit l trong cc dp l hi. Nm 2003, Vng v King tin hnh nghin cu v ch ra rng lp mng ca ht gc l mt ngun carotenoid sinh hc (lycopene v betacarotene) v cng qu gi. Nhiu cng trnh nghin cu khc cng cho thy trong lp v ht gc cha mt hm lng ln lycopene v betacarotene. Tuy nhin, c nhiu khc bit v hm lng lycopene v betacarotene trong lp v ht gc trong nhng nghin cu trc . C hm lng lycopene v betacarotene trong lp v ht gc dao ng t 0.38 mg/g (lycopene) v 0,08 mg/g (betacarotene) (Aoki et al., 2002; Vuong, Franke, Custer, & Murphy, 2006) cho n 3,053 mg/g (lycopene), 0,836 mg/g (betacarotene) (Ishida et al., 2004). Vn ny nn c quan tm, nht l i vi nhng nghin cu c tin hnh bng nhng tri gc ng lnh v lng mu nh (2 5 tri). Tuy nhin, khng c thng tin no cho thy mc chn ca gc l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy ra s khc bit v hm lng carotenoid trong nhng nghin cu trc. Ngy nay, nhiu nghin cu ch ra rng vic tiu th lycopene v betacarotene c th phng trnh c nhiu bnh v mt, tim v thm ch l ung th. V vy, trn th trng xut hin nhiu loi sn phm t gc nh: vin nang du gc, du gc trong ethanol Du gc c chit xut mt cch d dng t lp v ht gc v cha hm lng

carotenoid cao. N c xem nh mt ngun lycopene thng mi tim nng. Th nhng loi du ny rt d b oxy ha, c th dn n tn tht hm lng carotenoid v lm gim cht lng ca du. Tuy nhin, hin nay c rt t thng tin v qu trnh tn tht lycopene v betacarotene trong lu tr du gc c cng b. V vy, i tng ca cng trnh nghin cu ny l: nh gi s nh hng ca s lu tr n cht lng ca lycopene v betacarotene trong lp v ht gc; nghin cu s tn tht v mt ng lc hc ca lycopene v betacarotene trong du gc di nhng iu kin lu tr khc nhau (nhit , iu kin cho qu trnh oxy ha).

2. Nguyn vt liu v phng php 2.1 La chn v phn loi gc Gc c thu hoch huyn Thanh H (Hi Dng, Vit Nam) vo thng 11 nm 2008 v c vn chuyn v phng th nghim trong vng 24h. Nhng tri chn v c kch thc tng t nhau c la chn v da theo mc chn, gc c chia lm 3 nhm (xanh, chn trung bnh, chn hon ton). Nhng tri cha chn th c v ngoi xanh hon ton. Nhng tri c mc chn trung bnh th mu che ph khong 1/3 n 2/3 lp v. Cn nhng tri chn hon ton th trn 2/3 din tch v tri l mu . Khi lng, kch thc, s lng ht v khi lng ht c ghi chp li cho tt c cc mu gc.

2.2 S thay i hm lng carotenoid trong gc trong sut thi gian lu tr 15 tri gc trong mi nhm gc chn c s dng cho th nghim ny. Gc c lu tr iu kin phng trong vng 2 tun. Ti nhng khong thi gian khc nhau (ngay sau khi thu hoch, 1 tun v 2 tun sau khi lu tr (WAS), 5 tri trong mi nhm c ct ra, loi b nhng ht v, vn. Chn ngu nhin 2 mu ly lp v ht gc (nhm

c tnh s bin i din ra bn trong tri) v gi i xc nh hm lng lycopene v betacarotene 2.3 Phng php lu tr du gc Nhng ht gc nguyn c lu tr trong 5 7 ngy sau khi thu hoch iu kin phng v sau em lp v (ph bn ngoi ht gc) i chit ly du. Nhng sn phm du gc mi nht c sn xut ti nh my dc Hi Dng c vn chuyn v phng th nghim trong vng 24h sau khi chit tch. Du gc c chun b bo qun bng 3 phng php khc nhau. u tin, du ti s c vo 40 ng nghim khc nhau. Nhng ng nghim ny c y du gc v ng nt nh nhau. Bc 2, mt mu du gc s c em i trn ln vi dung dich BHT 0.02 %, sau em y vo 40 ng nghim khc_Phng php BHT. Bc 3, nhng mu du gc khc c trch ly vi kh nit trong 2h, sau sau em y vo 40 ng nghim khc_Phng php nit. Ly 10 ng trong mi nhm phng php xp vo ni ti, nhng iu kin nhit khc nhau (5oC, 45 oC, 60 oC) trong 15 -19 tun. Ly ra 2 ng lm mu t mi nhm phng php ti nhng khong thi gian khc nhau trong sut qu trnh lu tr.

2.4 Trch ly v phn tch HPLC 2g lp v ht gc ti ng nht c trn vi 0,2g MgCO3, sau c trch ly 3 ln vi 15 ml hn hp dung mi tetrahydrofuran (THF) v methanol (MeOH)(4:1) cho n khi lp v mt mu hon ton. i vi du gc, ta em 0,5g dung dch ha tan trong 15ml dung dch mu. Pha lng c lc v ra 3 ln bng dung dch NaCl bo ha. Lp hu c s c loi nc bng Na2SO4 khan v c lm bay hi bng cch gim p sut 25oC. Cn c ha tan trong 10ml hn hp dung mi dichloromethane (DCM) v MeOH (6:4) v pha long n nng xp x vi nng MeOH. Phn tch HPLC c tin hnh vi mt h thng ph Finnigan (Thermo Finnigan, San Jose, CA, USA) trang b bm cp 4, u d photodiode array (PDA). S phn lp

c tin hnh trn ct Inertsil ODS-3 (2504.6 mm ID, 5m) (GL Sciences, Tokyo, Japan). H dung mi c pha t DCM v acetonitrile (6:4) (dung mi ra gii A) v MeOH (dung mi ra gii B). Dung mi ra gii A cha 0,05% BHT_mt cht chng oxy ha. H dung dch ra gii c pha theo cng thc sau: iu kin ban u l 70% dung dch A v 30% dung dch B trong 5 pht, sau l 80% dung dch A v 20% dung dch B trong 5 pht. Sau , ct tr v iu kin ban u v cn bng trong 5 pht. Tc thi l 1.5 ml/min. Lng tim vo l 20l. Vic nh lng lycopene v betacarotene c tin hnh bc sng 472 nm. Vic xc nh carotenoid c thc hin bng vic so snh thi gian lu v quang ph hp th trong phm vi 300 600 nm ca nhng nh cha bit v ng sc k iu kin tiu chun.

2.5 Phn tch thng k kt qu Hm lng carotenoid ph thuc vo phng sai ca php phn tch (ANOVA), v sau em i so snh vi Tukey s test (5%). Phn ng c xc nh v tnh ton theo Chow (2007). M hnh tuyn tnh c s dng xc nh nhng tng tc c th xy ra gia nhit vi cc phng php c s dng trong sut thi gian lu tr du gc. Ton b vic thng k kt qu phn tch u c x l bng phn mm MinitabTM15 (Minitab Inc, State College, PA, USA).

3. Kt qu v bn lun 3.1 Nhng c im b ngoi ca tri gc Bng 1 cho ta nhng s liu v khi lng, kch thc ca tri gc ti, s lng ht, cng nh khi lng ca lp v ht gc trong mi nhm tri gc chn (15 mu trong mi nhm). Kch thc trung bnh ca tri gc l 16.5cm chiu rng v 24.5 cm chiu di v khng c s khc bit no v kch thc trong ba nhm c nghin cu. Khi lng trung bnh ca tri l 2.2 kg v c phn chia theo cch thng thng (Hnh 1). Ishida et

al.(2004) thng qua nghin cu bo co: khi lng trung bnh ca tri gc l 0,772 kg (2 mu)_n ch bng 1/3 so vi gi tr c xc nh nghin cu hin ti. Tuy nhin, s lng ht trong tri gc li ging nhau (trung bnh khong 28 ht/tri). Khi lng lp v ht trung bnh l 240,25 g v gn nh trng khp vi s liu ca Ishida et al.(2004). Khi lng ca lp v tri i din ch bng 10% ca ton b tri gc, 24.6 % trong nghin cu Ishida et al.(2004). S mt nc t lp v gia ca tri trong sut thi gian lu tr v lm chn c th l do khi lng ca tri gc trong nghin cu ca Ishida et al.(2004) nh hn so vi trong nghin cu ny.

3.2. nh hng ca thi gian lu tr n hm lng lycopene v betacarotene trong tri gc. Carotenoid c th c tm thy trong tri cy v rau tri dng t do hoc dng ester ca acid bo. Th nhng, Aoki et al. (2002) v Vng et al.(2006) bo co li rng dch chit thy phn ( cha ester ca carotenoid thy phn v carotenoid t do), cng nh dch chit khng thy phn (ch cha carotenoid t do) ca lp v ht gc c hm lng carotennoid ging nhau. Ngha l, hm lng carotenoid dng ester l khng ng k trong lp v ht gc. V vy, ch c carotenoid t do (khng b thy phn) trong lp v ht c ch trng trong nghin cu ny.

Hm lng lycopene v betacarotene trong lp v ht ca tri cn xanh v tri chn hon ton trong sut 2 tun d tr c trnh by hnh 2. Ngay sau khi thu hoch (t=0), hm lng lycopene trong lp v ht ti l 2,378mg/g tri xanh cho n 3,728mg/g tri chn hon ton. Cn hm lng lycopene trong lp v ht ti l 2,257mg/g tri xanh cho n 0,379mg/g tri chn hon ton. Tuy nhin, trong 3 nhm tri chn c nhiu du hiu ch ra s khc nhau v hm lng lycopene v betacarotene (P>0,05). Tuy nhin, hm lng carotenoid trong tri chn chng minh l cao nht (3,852mg/g lp v ht ti i vi lycopene v 0,409 mg/g lp v ht ti i vi betacarotene). Trong nghin cu ny, hm lng lycopene v betacarotene trong lp v ht gc cao hn nhiu so vi nhng loi tri cy v rau qu khc c Maiani et al.(2009) cp. Hm lng lycopene c tm thy trong lp v ht gc l phn n c ca tri gc, cao hn khong 20 ln so vi hm lng lycopene trong phn tht qu ca da hu v cao hn khong 4 ln so vi hm lng lycopene trong c chua, m chng u l nhng loi tri cy v thc phm c hm lng lycopene cao nht trong bo co ca Maiani et al. (2009). Trong khi , hm lng beta carotene tng trong cc trng hp tri xanh, tri chn v gim trong tri chn gi. Qu trnh chn lun xy ra lin tc trong tri cy, c th l nguyn nhn cho s thay i ny. Tuy nhin, thng k cho thy khng c s khc bit ng k v hm lng ca beta carotene gia hai thi im. Ti 2 WS, hm lng lycopene v beta carotene trong lp v ht gc gim ng k (49 ln cho lycopene v 2,4-2,7 ln i vi beta carotene). Hn na, c mt hm lng ln lycopene phn trong qu v phn gia qu ( lch chun tng i (RSD) = 57% v 80%, tng ng).i vi beta carotene th nh hn (45% v 40% cho trong v gia cc tri cy, tng ng) nhng vn cn ng k. Trong khi , bn trong v gia qu u c s khc bit v hm lng ca c hai loi carotenoid ngay sau khi thu hoch v ti 1 WS c mt RSD nh khong 4%. S sai lch ln gia hm lng carotenoid trong lp v ht gc gia cc tri c th do s phn hy enzyme khng u trong s cc loi tri cy. Hn

na, s thoi ha v ng phn ha cng c th xy ra khng ng thi bn trong tri dn n ko theo mt s thay i kh ln trong tri gc.

Theo quan st ca chng ti, hnh thi ca lp v ht gc ti 2 WS l khng thay i, tuy nhin, v qu hi nhn nheo so vi cc tri khc, c bit l trong tri chn gi. Trong khi , mt s thay i c quan st trong quang ph ca lycopene v beta carotene

trong cc mu ti 2 WS. Do nhng tiu chun ca quang ph v mu b che ph, di sng hp th ti a ca mu chuyn t mt s tiu chun (Hnh 3). iu ny l mt trong trong cc minh chng cho s phn hy hay ng phn ha ca carotenoids xy ra trong thi gian lu tr gc. Qu trnh phn hy trong tri gc c th gii thch s khc bit trong cc d liu v lycopene v beta carotene trong lp v ht gc c cng b. Aoki et al. (2002) v Vng et al. (2006) bo co hm lng carotenoid thay i ch trong khong 0,380-0,408 mg /g lp v ht v 0,083-0,769 mg / g lp v ht i vi lycopene v beta carotene, tng ng. Nhng d liu ny thp hn nhiu so vi gi tr ca carotenoids ngay sau khi thu hoch v ti 1 WS trong th nghim ny, nhng tng t vi gi tr ti 2 WS (0,4970,970 mg / g lp v ht i vi lycopene v 0,117-0,168 mg / g lp v ht i vi carotene). Trong nhng nghin cu, gc mua trn th trng _ c vn chuyn t Vit Nam hoc cc nc khc n cc phng th nghim ca h (M v Nht Bn). Trong qu trnh lu tr v vn chuyn, s phn hy c th xy ra theo d liu ti 2 WS trong nghin cu ny. V vy, quan im v vic vn chuyn v lu tr l nguyn nhn ca cc sai bit trong cc nghin cu khc nhau c tho lun ni khc (Ishida v cng s, 2004;. Vng v cng s, 2006).. Mt nghin cu khc (Ishida v cng s., 2004) bo co nng lycopene trong lp v ht gc (1.546-3,054 mg / g FW), gn ging vi nhng kt qu sau khi thu hoch v ti 1 WS ca nghin cu ny (2,378-4,438 mg / g lp v ht FW). Cc tc gi cng bo co nng beta carotene trong lp v ht gc FW l 0,636-0,836 mg / g, so vi kt qu nghin cu ca chng ti l 0,257-0,409 mg / g lp v ht FW. Mc chn c cho l mt yu t nh hng n s khc bit v s lng carotenoid c tm thy trong lp v ht gc (Vng et al., 2006). Tuy nhin, d liu ca nghin cu ny ch ra rng hm lng lycopene trong tri xanh thp v c nhiu khc bit thng k i vi cc nhm tri chn khc. Nhng gi tr ny cng ch mi tng gn y v khng c s khc bit ng k c trnh by ti 1 WS.

3.3. S n nh ca lycopene v beta carotene trong du gc 3.3.1. T l phn hy ca carotenoids trong du gc khng c x l

Nng ban u ca lycopene v beta carotene trong du gc sau khi p l 2,436 v 2,592 mg / g, tng ng. Do , t l lycopene v beta carotene trong du gc l 0,94 ln, thp hn nhiu so vi trong lp v ht gc (khong 9 ln). Hnh 4 cho thy nng lycopene v beta carotene trong du gc theo thi gian ti tt c cc nhit nghin cu (5OC, nhit phng, 45 v 60OC). Kt qu cho thy phn ng phn hy carotenoid mi nhit tun theo phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng bc nht (ln C = ln CO -

k*t). H s tng quan khong 0,901-0,990. Mt phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng bc nht tng c cp trc y cho s phn hy beta carotene (Haralampu & Karel, 1983). c nhiu bi bo ng phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng bc nht ca s phn hy lycopene trong thc phm cc iu kin khc nhau (Ax, MayerMiebach, lin kt, Schuchmann, & Schubert, 2003, Henry, Catignani, v Schwartz, 1998a; Lee & Chen, 2002; Tang & Chen, 2000). Lycopene phn hy nhit phng (k = 0,066/ tun ) nhanh hn 3 ln so vi nhit 5OC (k = 0,022/ tun). T l phn hy lin tc ca lycopene 45 v 60OC th gn nh bng nhau (0,1557 v 0,1551/ tun , tng ng). Tuy nhin, giao im ca 2 th vi trc tung th khc nhau (1.01 cho 45OC v 0,65 cho 60OC). Cc t l tn tht beta carotene tng u t nhit phng n 60OC (0,014-0,05 sau 0.094 /tun , tng ng). ng ngc nhin l tc phn hy ca beta carotene trong du c lu tr iu kin phng thp hn so vi 5OC. Hin tng ny c th gii thch l do s kt ta ca beta carotene di y ng nghim ti 5OC, iu ny khng c tnh vo cc kt qu cui cng. Do , nng beta carotene thp ti 5OC. Trong tt c cc phng php x l trong sut thi gian th nghim (15 hoc 19 tun), UV hoc cc quang ph c th nhn thy ca c lycopene v beta carotene hu nh khng thay i, khc vi cc trng hp lu tr tri cy 2 WS. Cho n nay, c nghin cu tp trung vo s phn hy ca lycopene v beta carotene ti cc iu kin khc nhau nhng ch c mt vi nghin cu x l mu bng cc h du. Henry, Catignanai, v Schwartz (1998b) nhn thy t l tht thot c lycopene v beta carotene trong mt h du ca hoa cy Rum ph hp vi phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng bc nht vi tc khng i l 0.109-0,508/h i vi lycopene v 0,042-0,326/h i vi beta carotene ti nhit t 75-95OC. Tuy nhin, nhng t l phn hy ny cao hn nhiu so vi gi tr tm thy trong nghin cu ny do iu kin th nghim ca h din ra nhit cao.

Cht nn c cho l c nh hng i vi s phn hy ca carotenoid (Henry et al., 1998a). Ferriera v Rodriguez-Amaya (2008) ch ra rng lycopene b tht thot 95-98% sau 10 ngy v beta carotene l 70-92% sau 20 ngy, bt k c s dng nhng bin php bo qun chc ch no i chng na. Trong mt h dung dch mu, khong 60% lycopene b bin cht sau 7 h ti nhit l 30OC, trong mi trng l kh nit (Lin v Chen, 2005). V vy, s phn hy ca carotenoids trong h gim t rn > dung dch lng > h du. iu ny c th c gii thch bi s hin din ca xy trong cc h thng sp xp theo th t: rn > dung dch lng > du. V vy, qu trnh oxy ha s din ra cc mc khc nhau trong cc h khc nhau.

3.3.2. nh hng ca BHT v kh nit trong tc phn hy ca carotenoids trong du gc.

Bng 2 trnh by cc hng s ca tc phn hy carotenoids trong du gc cng nh vic b sung BHT 0,02% (w / w) hoc x l bng hi nit cng nh vic iu kim sot cc mu cc nhit khc nhau. Nng BHT 0,02% c chn bi mc hiu qu ca nng ny trong s dng cho cc hot ng chng oxy ha trong sn phm thng

mi c chng minh (Henry et al., 1998b). Hi nit c sc vo du ui oxy ha tan, do to ra mt mi trng tr bo qun cc carotenoid c tt hn. Khi bo qun 5OC v nhit phng, vi cc tc nhn chng oxy ha, s phn hy ca c v lycopene v beta carotene trong du gc c th khng tun theo phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng bc nht (R2 <0,7), ngoi tr trng hp, lycopene nhit phng. nhit cao (45 v 60OC), s phn hy ca carotenoids dng nh tun theo phng trnh ng hc bc nht (R2> 0.9), cho d c hoc khng c tc nhn chng oxy ha. Nhit cao c th l mt trong cc nguyn nhn tc ng mnh ti s phn hy ng hc ca carotenoid trong du, bi v Henry et al. (1998b) cng bo co rng s phn hy ng hc bc nht ca lycopene v beta carotene din ra rt nhanh chng di nhit l 75 v 95OC. S khng tng thch ca s phn hy carotenoid theo phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng bc nht 5OC v nhng phng php c tin hnh nhit phng l khng him. Sharma v L Maguer (1996) quan st mt phn ng gi cch u tin ca s phn hy lycopene trong bt c chua rn cc qu trnh v iu kin bo qun khc nhau. Henry et al. (2000) quan st thy rng s phn hy ca mu lycopene theo phng trnh ng hc bc khng khi hp ph trn mt pha rn C18 trong mt h dung mi c s hin din ca O2 hoc ozone nhit phng. Fish v Davis (2003) bo co rng qu trnh phn hy lycopene trong m da hu ng lnh c th c m t bng hai qu trnh phn hy ng thi m mt trong hai qu trnh nhanh hn khong 40 ln so vi qu trnh khc. nhit thp hn (5OC hoc nhit phng), c ch phn hy ca carotenoids vi cc tc nhn chng oxy ha dng nh khc vi c ch phn hy ca carotenoids m khng c cc tc nhn ny. Khi nghin cu s hnh thnh endoperoxides ca acid retinoic trong sut nhng giai on u ca qu trnh oxy ha acid retinoic iu kin p lc oxy cao, Clark, Howard, v Oyler (1997) xut hai loi phn ng xy ra ng thi: mt l phn ng t oxy ha (chui phn ng ca cc gc t do) to cc epoxide; v mt phn ng khc lin quan n phn ng trc tip vi O3 to endoperoxides. Qu trnh

phn hy oxy ha carotenoid xy ra bi s hin din ca lng oxy cn st li (Lin v Chen, 2005). Do tnh cht nhn t nhin v nht cao ca n (280,2 cP 25OC), du gc ha tan rt t oxy nn mc oxy ha trong du gc c s dng trong nghin cu ny l rt hn ch, c bit l trong trng hp s dng phng php nit. V l do ny, phn ng trc tip vi oxy c th l khng ng k. Theo Henry et al. (1998a) BHT l cht chng oxy ha rt tt, tt hn c beta carotene v lycopene. Cc tc gi cng bo co rng BHT khng hot ng nh mt cht tin oxy ha, khng ging nh beta carotene v lycopene; BHT c kh nng ngn cn s hnh thnh ca cc gc t do v do n c kh nng lan truyn phn ng khi hm lng cc gc t do cao. Kt qu l, BHT c th lm gim s hin din ca gc t do v ngn chn lycopene v beta carotene b bin cht t cc chui phn ng oxy ha lan truyn. Cc kt qu ca nghin cu ny cho thy, khi p dng phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng bc nht ( 45 v 60OC), qu trnh phn hy ca c lycopene v beta carotene trong phng php x l khc nhau c hng s t l gim dn theo th t: iu khin > BHT > nit. Kt qu ca chng ti v s phn hy ca carotenoid cng tng ng vi cc nghin cu khc (Henry et al., 1998b), trong h kt lun rng lycopene phn hy nhanh hn cc carotenoid khc bao gm c beta carotene. Mascio, Kaiser, v SIES (1989) bo co rng lycopene c kh nng dp tt oxy t do mnh gp hai ln so vi beta carotene. Kh nng dp tt mnh m ny c th lin quan n mt kh nng chng oxy ha hiu qu hn (Henry et al., 1998b). Lin quan v nh hng ca nhit n s phn hy ca carotenoid, lycopene c hng s t l phn hy tng t gia 45 v 60OC trong tt c ba phng php x l, trong khi cc hng s beta carotene 60OC gp i so vi 45OC. i vi c lycopene v carotene, nhit v thi gian lu tr c du hiu nh hng n hm lng ca chng trong du, nhng phng php x l, cng nh s tng tc ca chng vi nhit khng cho thy s nh hng thng k ti nhng thay i trong hm lng carotenoid trong du trong sut thi gian lu tr.

4. Kt lun So vi tt c cc loi tri cy c cha lycopene, gc c hm lng lycopene cao nht (2,378-3,728 mg / g FW n c). Hm lng beta carotene ca n cng cao (0,2570,379 mg / g). Khi tri gc c lu tr trong 1 tun, nng carotenoid trong cc lp v ht tng nh nhng khng ng k. Ti 2 WS, hm lng carotenoid trong lp v ht st gim mnh c th l do b enzyme phn hy. T l lycopene / beta carotene trong lp v ht gc rt cao, cao hn khong 9 ln so vi trong du gc_mt sn phm t lp v ht gc. Do mi trng du v nht cao, s hin din ca oxy b hn ch, dn n carotenoids trong du gc n nh tt hn trong cc loi nc p nc. Lycopene v beta carotene trong du gc bnh thng b phn hy theo phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng bc nht. Khi kt hp vi cc tc nhn chng oxy ha nh BHT hoc lu trong kh nit, hng s tc phn hy ca c lycopene v beta carotene u thp, c ngha l cc carotenoid c n nh tt hn. Tuy nhin, c lycopene v beta carotene u b phn hy mt cch nhanh chng trong du gc di iu kin nhit cao (45 v 60OC) m khng ph thuc vo phng php x l c s dng. Kt qu trn khng nh rng gc l mt ngun carotenoid v gi, c bit l lycopene. N cng l loi tri cy duy nht c th cung cp du giu carotenoid (2,4 mg / g lycopene v 2,5 mg / g beta carotene). C kin cho rng du gc c th c bo qun tt hn khi kt hp vi cc cht chng oxy ha hoc kh tr nhng khng c nhit thp, iu ny c th lm gim hm lng ca carotenoid trong du gc.

Li cm n Cng trnh ny c h tr bi Grants-in-Aid cho nghin cu khoa hc t B Y t, Vit Nam.

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