/

2004

1
) DRAM SRAM ( , ,
, ) ;
) EPROM, EEPROM Flash;

: () 182, () . 184 ( & , W. Stallings, 6 ., ,2003)

() RAM .
bit.
. DRAM ( =
) SRAM. , DRAM
. ,
DRAM. DRAM
. SRAM
DRAM. SRAM cache ( chip
), DRAM .
() EPROM , PROM.
, chip
.
EEPROM .
EEPROM . EEPROM
EPROM , bit chip.
Flash EPROM EEPROM .
EEPROM . Flash
EPROM.
chip. EPROM, Flash bit
EPROM ( EEPROM).
2
() /
.
() ;

: () 399-400, 403, () 447

() :
- (label prefix): () () .
- (opcode): .
- (operands)
(operand source address): .
(operand destination address):
.
[ : .]
.
.
( ) ( ).
. ,
. , ,
. : ,
. .
, (
).
() ( postfix) (.. a + b
a b +). .
.
(), : push ,
pop , push .
.
.
, postfix
.
1 1

 3
() 14. :
1. (immediate addressing);
2. (direct addressing);
3. (indirect addressing);
() (indirect addressing)
(register indirect addressing);

: () 458-459, () 459 461

() 1. 14.
2. 14.
3. 14.
() N 2N, .
.
: .

, .
4
- .

: 252-269
/.
1. / (programmed I/O), -
/.
/. ( ) / (
/) / (
).
2. / (interrupt-driven I/O), / ,
/, / .
/
/ .
/ / .
3. I/O (Direct Memory Access), ( DMA)
/ /
. / DMA
. DMA /
DMA . DMA
/ .
=========================================

2 2