LTH

Chuyn Bng HTTH

I. BI TON XC NH V TR
VD1 (A-2007) Anion X- v cation Y2+ u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l: A. X c s th t 17, chu k 4, nhm VIIA (PNC nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (PNC nhm II). B. X c s th t 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (PNC nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (PNC nhm II). C. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (PNC nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 3, nhm IIA (PNC nhm II). D. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIA (PNC nhm VI); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (PNC nhm II). VD2 (A-2009) Cho Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X thuc: A. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB. B. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. C. chu k 3, nhm VIB. D. chu k 4, nhm IIA. VD3. Nguyn t X c Z = 29, v tr ca nguyn t X trong bng HTTH l v tr no sau y: A. Chu k 4, nhm IB B. Chu k 4, nhm IA C. Chu k 3, nhm IA D. Chu k 3, nhm IB VD4. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c 3 electron thuc phn lp d. V tr ca nguyn t R trong bng HTTH l v tr no sau y: A. 23, chu k 4, nhm VB B. 24, chu k 4, nhm VIB C. 23, chu k 3, nhm VIIB D. 21, chu k 3 , nhm IIIB VD5. Nu hai nguyn t X v Y c s hiu nguyn t lin tip v tng s hiu nguyn t l 25 th v tr ca X v Y trong bng HTTH l: A. Chu k 3, nhm IIIA v nhm IVA B. Chu k 2, nhm VIIA v nhm VIIIA C. Chu k 3, nhm IIA v nhm IIIA D. Chu k 3, nhm VIA v nhm VIIA VD6. X, Y l hai nguyn t cng nhm A v thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH. Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn ca X v Y l 30. X v Y thuc: A. Nhm IA, chu k 2 v chu k 3 B. Nhm IIA, chu k 2 v chu k 3 C. Nhm IIA, chu k 2 v chu k 3 D. Nhm IA, chu k 3 v chu k 4 VD7. Cu hnh electron trng thi c bn ca nguyn t nhm no sau y c 4 electron c thn obitan d ? A. IVA. B. VIA. C. VIB. D. VIIIB. VD8. (C - 2012) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52. Trong ht nhn nguyn t X c s ht khng mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in l 1. V tr (chu k, nhm) ca X trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l A. Chu k 3, nhm VA. B. Chu k 3, nhm VIIA. C. Chu k 2, nhm VA. D. Chu k 2, nhm VIIA VD9 (C-2009) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron mc nng lng cao nht l 3p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y cng c electron mc nng lng 3p v c mt electron lp ngoi cng. Nguyn t X v Y c s electron hn km nhau l 2. Nguyn t X, Y ln lt l A. kim loi v kim loi. B. phi kim v kim loi. C. kim loi v kh him. D. kh him v kim loi

II. BIN THIN TNH CHT TRONG BNG HTTH

1. Bn knh nguyn t - ion Dng 1: So snh bn knh nguyn t-ion
VD10 (A-2008) Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c xp theo th t tng dn t tri sang phi l A. F, O, Li, Na. B. F, Na, O, Li. C. F, Li, O, Na. D. Li, Na, O, F. VD11 Th t so snh bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t 14Si, 17Cl, 20Ca, 37Rb l: A. rSi < rCl < rCa < rRb. B. rCl < rSi < rCa < rRb. C. rSi < rCl < rRb < rCa. D. rCl < rSi < rRb < rCa. VD12 (B-2009) Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l: A. N, Si, Mg, K. B. K, Mg, Si, N. C. K, Mg, N, Si. D. Mg, K, Si, N. VD13 C cc tiu phn sau : O2-, Al3+, Ca, Mg. Hy sp xp cc tiu phn trn theo chiu gim dn kch thc (bn knh). A. Mg > Ca > Al3+ > O2-. B. Ca > Mg > Al3+ > O2-. C. Mg > Ca > O2- > Al3+. D. Ca > Mg > O2- > Al3+. 32+ 2+ VD14 Cc ion hoc nguyn t sau u c 18 electron : P , S , Cl , Ar, K , Ca . Chiu gim dn bn knh ca cc tiu phn trn l A. P3- > S2- > Cl- > Ar > K+ > Ca2+. B. Ca2+ > K+ > Ar > Cl- > S2- > P3- . C. Cl- > S2- > P3- > Ar > K+ > Ca2+. D. Ca2+ > K+ > Ar > P3- > S2- > Cl-.

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Chuyn Bng HTTH

VD15 Cho cc ion sau: 3Li+, 11Na+, 17Cl-, 19K+, 35Br-, 53I-. Chiu tng dn bn knh ca cc ion l : A. Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Cl- < Br- < I-. B. Li+ < Na+ < Cl- < K+ < Br- < I-. + + + C. K < Cl < Br < I < Na < Li . D. Na+ < K+ < Cl- < Br- < I- < Li+. VD16 ( A-2010) Cc nguyn t t Li n F, theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn th A. bn knh nguyn t tng, m in gim. B. bn knh nguyn t v m in u tng. C. bn knh nguyn t gim, m in tng. D. bn knh nguyn t v m in u gim VD17 (B-2007) Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VIII), theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th A. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn. B. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn. C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn. D. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn.

Dng 2: Tnh bn knh nguyn t

VD18. Gi thit tinh th st l nhng nguyn t hnh cu chim 75% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Cho nguyn t khi ca Fe l 55,85 20oC, khi lng ring ca Fe l 7,87 g/cm3. Bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Fe l : A. 1,29. 10-8cm B. 1,44. 10-8 cm C. 1,39. 10-8 cm D. 1,95. 10-8 cm VD19 (A-2011) Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm3. Gi thit rng, trong tinh th canxi cc nguyn t l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn knh nguyn t canxi tnh theo l thuyt l A. 0,155 nm. B. 0,196 nm. C. 0,185 nm. D. 0,168 nm.

2. Bin thin cc tnh cht khc

VD20. Trong s cc nguyn t di y, nguyn t no th hin tnh kim loi r nht ? A. Na. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. K. VD21 (C-2007) Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19). m in ca cc nguyn t tng dn theo th t: A. M < X < Y < R. B. R < M < X < Y. C. Y < M < X < R. D. M < X < R < Y VD22 (B-2008) Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l: A. N, P, O, F. B. P, N, F, O. C. N, P, F, O. D. P, N, O, F. VD23. Trong cc hidroxit di y, cht no c tnh axit mnh nht ? A. H2SO4. B. H2SeO4. C. HClO4. D. HBrO4. VD24. Tnh axit ca cc oxi axit thuc nhm VA theo trt t gim dn l A. H3SbO4 > H3AsO4 > H3PO4 > HNO3. B. HNO3 > H3PO4 > H3AsO4 > H3SbO4. C. H3SbO4 > H3AsO4 > HNO3 > H3PO4. D. HNO3 > H3PO4 > H3SbO4 > H3AsO4. VD25. Dy cc nguyn t nguyn t no sau y c sp xp theo chiu tng dn m in ? A. Mg < Si < S < O. B. O < S < Si < Mg. C. Si < Mg < O < S. D. S < Mg < O < Si. VD26. C cc nguyn t : Na, O, Al, P, N. Hy sp xp cc nguyn t trn theo chiu tng dn ca m in A. Na < Al < P < N < O. B. Al < Na < P < N < O. C. Na < Al < N < P < O. D. Al < Na < N < P < O. VD27 (C-2010) Cc kim loi X, Y, Z c cu hnh electron nguyn t ln lt l: 1s22s22p63s1; 1s22s22p63s2; 1s22s22p63s23p1. Dy gm cc kim loi xp theo chiu tng dn tnh kh t tri sang phi l: A. X, Y, Z. B. Z, Y, X. C. Z, X, Y. D. Y, Z, X. VD28. Trong cc nguyn t chu k III: 1 1 Na, 1 2 Mg, 1 3 Al, 1 5 P, 1 6 S. Nng lng ion ha th nht I1 ca cc nguyn t trn tun theo trt t no sau y ? A. Na < Mg < Al < P < S. B. Na < Al < Mg < S < P. C. Na < Al < Mg < P < S. D. S < P < Al < Mg < Na. VD29. C 2 nguyn t 11X v 19Y. iu khng nh no di y l khng ng? A. Tnh kim loi ca Y mnh hn X. B. Bn knh nguyn t ca X nh hn Y C. m in ca X ln hn Y. D. Y c s electron c thn nhiu hn X. VD30 (B-2012) Pht biu no sau y l sai? A. Nguyn t kim loi thng c 1, 2 hoc 3 electron lp ngoi cng. B. Cc nhm A bao gm cc nguyn t s v nguyn t p. C. Trong mt chu k, bn knh nguyn t kim loi nh hn bn knh nguyn t phi kim. D. Cc kim loi thng c nh kim do cc electron t do phn x nh sng nhn thy c.

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Chuyn Bng HTTH

III. XC NH TN NGUYN T HH
1. Tm Z
VD31. X v Y l hai nguyn t trong cng mt nhm v hai chu k lin tip ca bng tun hon. Tng s proton trong ht nhn ca hai nguyn t X v Y bng 32. Hai nguyn t l A. Mg (Z = 12) v Ca (Z = 20). B. Al (Z = 13) v K (Z = 19). C. Si (Z = 14) v Ar (Z = 18). D. Na (Z = 11) v Sc (Z = 21). VD32. R l nguyn t thuc nhm A, bit R c 3 electron lp ngoi cng c in vo lp M. R l: A. Ca. B. Al. C. Na. D. Mg. VD33. Hai nguyn t ca nguyn t X v Y c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4pa v 4sb. Tng s electron hai phn lp ngoi cng ca X v Y l 7. Bit X khng phi l kh him. Vy Y v X ln lt l: A. K v Br. B. Ca v Br. C. K v S. D. Ca v S. VD34. Nguyn t X c 11 electron p. Nguyn t Y c tng s ht mang in nh hn tng s ht mang in ca X l 10 ht. Nguyn t X v Y ln lt l: A. Na v S B. Cl v Mg C. S v Na D. Mg v Cl

2. Tm M
VD35. Khi cho 1,17 gam kim loi X (thuc nhm IA) tc dng ht vi nc to ra 0,336 lt kh H2 (ktc).Kim loi X l A. Li (7). B. Na (23). C. K (39). D. Rb (85). VD36. Ho tan 2,52 gam mt kim loi bng dung dch H2SO4 long d, c cn dung dch thu c 6,84 gam mui khan. Kim loi l: A. Mg. B. Al. C. Zn. D. Fe.

3. Tm Mtb

VD37. Cho 8,8 gam hn hp A gm hai kim loi nm hai chu k lin tip nhau v thuc nhm IIIA, tc dng vi HCl d thu c 6,72 lt kh hiro (ktc). Tn ca hai kim loi l ( Cho MB = 10,81; MAl = 26,98; MIn = 114,82; MTl = 204,37 ) A. B v Al. B. Al v Ga. C. Ga v In. D. In v Tl. VD38. Cho 11,2 gam hn hp A gm hai kim loi nhm IIA, thuc hai chu k lin tip, tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 d thu c 4,48 lt kh hiro (ktc). Cc kim loi l A. Be v Mg. B. Mg v Ca. C. Ca v Sr. D. Sr v Ba.

4. Xc nh tn nguyn t qua hp cht

VD39. Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c dng R2O5. Trong hp cht vi hiro, R chim 91,18% v khi lng. R l nguyn t no di y ? A. Nit (N). B. Photpho (P). C. Asen (As). D. Antimon (Sb). VD40. Hp cht kh vi hidro ca nguyn t R l RH4. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 46,7% R v khi lng. Nguyn t R l A. C. B. Si. C. O. D. S. VD41. (B-2008) Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH3. Trong oxit m R c ho tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l A. S. B. As. C. N. D. P. VD42 (A-2009) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np4. Trong hp cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l A. 27,27%. B. 40,00%. C. 60,00%. D. 50,00%. VD43. Oxit ca nguyn t X nhm IIB cha 19,75% oxi v khi lng. Nguyn t X l A. Cu. B. Fe. C. Ni. D. Zn. VD44. R l kim loi nhm IIA. T l % khi lng ca R trong hp cht vi hiro v oxit l 4 : 3. Kim loi R l A. Be. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Sr. VD45. R l kim loi nhm IA. T l % khi lng ca R trong hp cht vi hiro v oxit l 1,291 : 1. Kim loi R l A. Li. B. Na. C. K. D. Rb. VD46. Hp cht R c to bi 2 nguyn t X, Y u thuc nhm A c Mr = 76 vC. Ha tr trong hp cht vi hiro ca X, Y ln lt l n, m ; ha tr cao nht trong hp cht vi oxi l n v 3m. Bit rng trong R nguyn t X c ha tr cao nht. Cng thc ca R l A. SiO2. B. CaF2. C. CS2. D. Na2S. VD47. X l nguyn t thuc nhm VIIA. Oxit cao nht ca n c phn t khi l 183 vc. Y l kim loi nhm IIA. Cho 10,08 lt kh X (ktc) tc dng va vi Y thu c 93,6 gam mui. Y l A. Be. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Ba. VD48. Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c khi lng phn t l 108. Nguyn t R l: A. Si B. N C. P D. C. VD49. Oxit cao nht ca nguyn t R c khi lng phn t l 80. Nguyn t R l: A. Si B. N C. P D. Cu v S.

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Chuyn Bng HTTH

VD50 (B-2012) Nguyn t Y l phi kim thuc chu k 3, c cng thc oxit cao nht l YO3. Nguyn t Y to vi kim loi M hp cht c cng thc MY, trong M chim 63,64% v khi lng. Kim loi M l A. Zn B. Cu C. Mg D. Fe VD51 (A-2012) X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k, hai nhm A lin tip. S proton ca nguyn t Y nhiu hn s proton ca nguyn t X. Tng s ht proton trong nguyn t X v Y l 33. Nhn xt no sau y v X, Y l ng? A. n cht X l cht kh iu kin thng. B. m in ca X ln hn m in ca Y. C. Lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t Y ( trng thi c bn) c 5 electron. D. Phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t X ( trng thi c bn) c 4 electron VD52 (A-2012) Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t R trong hp cht kh vi hiro (R c s oxi ha thp nht) v trong oxit cao nht tng ng l a% v b%, vi a : b = 11 : 4. Pht biu no sau y l ng? A. Oxit cao nht ca R iu kin thng l cht rn. B. Nguyn t R ( trng thi c bn) c 6 electron s. C. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, R thuc chu k 3. D. Phn t oxit cao nht ca R khng c cc.

Cc yu t ca ngh thut hc tp l ch, trt t v thi gian

Lp LTH mn Ha Add: Ngha Hng-Vnh Tng-Vnh Phc Vi Nhn Nan